Tilmann von Soest

• Potočár, Libor; Alonso, Laura Cachón; Kozák, Michal; Rodríguez-Cano, Rubén; Formánek, Tomáš & Soest, Tilmann von (2026). The dynamic interplay between loneliness and health behaviors from adolescence to midlife: A Norwegian population-based cohort study. Psychological Medicine. ISSN 0033-2917. 56. doi: 10.1017/s0033291726105029. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Adverse health behaviors, such as physical inactivity and smoking, constitute a potential pathway connecting loneliness to poor mental and physical health. No prior study has investigated the dynamic interplay between loneliness and a broad range of health behaviors across the first half of life. Methods We used data from a Norwegian population-based cohort study (n = 3,072) spanning 28 years from adolescence to midlife. Applying a propensity score-based causal inference approach, we examined bidirectional prospective associations between loneliness and health behaviors, comprising alcohol use, body mass index (BMI), smoking, and physical exercise. Results Loneliness in adolescence was associated with lowered physical exercise (mean difference: −14.13 minutes/week, 95% CI: −26.54 to −1.72), and loneliness during young adulthood was linked to increased BMI (0.37 points, 0.12–0.63). In the reverse direction, moderate alcohol use (−0.07 SD, −0.13 to −0.01 and − 0.19 SD, −0.33 to −0.05), smoking (−0.12 SD, −0.23 to −0.01), and moderate physical exercise (−0.16 SD, −0.26 to −0.07 and − 0.07 SD, −0.14 to −0.01) during adolescence and emerging adulthood were linked to reduced loneliness. All other associations were consistent with a null effect. Conclusions Our results provide limited support for the causal effects of loneliness on health behaviors across the first half of life. By contrast, findings in the reverse direction suggest that health behaviors in young people – whether health-promoting or risky – are socially embedded and may facilitate socializing. To tackle youth loneliness, public health policies should promote equitable access to health-promoting behaviors.

• Fluit, Sam; Bierwiaczonek, Kinga; Kunst, Jonas R. & Soest, Tilmann von (2026). The mental health–politics nexus: How mental health trajectories from adolescence to midlife shape political attitudes and voting patterns. Political Psychology. ISSN 0162-895X. 47(4). doi: 10.1111/pops.70178. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Abstract With political polarization increasing, it is important to understand the development of political preferences. Previously, adolescent mental health problems have been linked to lower adulthood voting rates, while relationships between life trajectories of mental health and political attitudes and orientations remain largely underexplored. Using longitudinal data from the population‐based cohort Young in Norway ( N  = 2215) spanning three decades, we examine associations between adolescent internalizing (depression, anxiety symptoms) and externalizing problems and 12 midlife political preferences. Latent class growth analysis identified three trajectories for internalizing and two for externalizing problems. Elevated levels of either problem type demonstrated significant associations with lower political and social trust in midlife. Elevated initial internalizing problems, regardless of subsequent development, were related to more left‐wing profiles. Conversely, persistently elevated externalizing problems showed associations with stronger right‐wing profiles. These findings demonstrate that mental health trajectories from adolescence into adulthood are systematically related to distinct political preferences in midlife.

• Andersen, Ingrid Elise Oldereid; Hafstad, Gertrud Sofie; Solberg, Ole Martin & Soest, Tilmann von (2026). Adolescent predictors of post-traumatic growth during the COVID-19 pandemic: a 28-year longitudinal study. European Journal of Psychotraumatology. 17(1). doi: 10.1080/20008066.2026.2666967. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Jaramillo, Isabel; Oosterman, Mirjam; Soest, Tilmann von; Holopainen, Annaleena; Göbel, Ariane & Bergunde, Luisa [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Longitudinal associations between maternal negative birth experience, mother-child bonding, and child emotional-behavioral problems: Findings from two cohort studies. Journal of Affective Disorders. ISSN 0165-0327. 407. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2026.121761. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bergunde, L.; Jaramillo, I.; Rihm, L.; Gao, W.; Weidner, K. & Soest, Tilmann von [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Associations between hair endocannabinoid concentrations and parental depressive symptoms: A longitudinal study of mothers, fathers, and their offspring up to two years postpartum. Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry. ISSN 0278-5846. 146. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2026.111649. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Baumgardt, Saskia; Soest, Tilmann von; Garthus-Niegel, Susan & Asselmann, Eva (2026). The Role of Personality in Dyadic Associations Between Stress and Relationship Satisfaction: Findings From the German Cohort Study DREAM. Journal of Marriage and Family. ISSN 0022-2445. doi: 10.1111/jomf.70064. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Potočár, Libor; Cachón-Alonso, L; Kozák, Michal; Rodríguez-Cano, Rubén; Formánek, T & Soest, Tilmann von (2025). The interplay between loneliness and health factors from adolescence to midlife: a cohort study. European Journal of Public Health. ISSN 1101-1262. 35(Supplement 4). doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaf161.1152. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  There is growing evidence of adverse health outcomes among lonely individuals, with health behaviors representing one potential underlying mechanism. However, existing research overlooked the potential gender-specific dynamic interplay of health behaviors and loneliness across the first decades of life. In this Norwegian 28-year prospective cohort study (n = 3,072) from adolescence to midlife, we investigated reciprocal relationships between loneliness and health factors, including alcohol use, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, and physical exercise. Using a structural nested mean modeling approach with G-estimation, we accounted for a comprehensive set of baseline and time-varying confounders. We demonstrated that increased loneliness among adolescent males diminished subsequent physical exercise and that elevated loneliness during adolescence and/or young adulthood was linked to a subsequent increase in BMI among both males and females. The remaining loneliness-health behavior relationships were consistent with a null effect. Considering the effect of health factors on loneliness, physical exercise in adolescent males decreased subsequent loneliness, whereas obesity among females during young adulthood was linked to an increase in loneliness. In summary, except for a loneliness-physical exercise interplay in adolescent males and a loneliness-BMI interplay in females, our results provide limited support for gender-specific reciprocal relationships between loneliness and health factors across the first decades of life.

• Tamnes, Christian K.; Bekkhus, Mona; Eilertsen, Maja; Nes, Ragnhild Bang; Prydz, Monica Beer & Ystrom, Eivind [Vis alle 63 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). The nature of the relation between mental well-being and ill-being. Nature Human Behaviour. 9(12), s. 2431–2440. doi: 10.1038/s41562-025-02319-x. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Steinsbekk, Silje; Wichstrøm, Lars & Soest, Tilmann von (2025). Personality From Age 10 to 16 years. A Four-Wave Cohort Study of Development and Sex Differences in the Big Five and Its Facets. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. ISSN 0146-1672. doi: 10.1177/01461672251396595. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skirbekk, Vegard Fykse; Tamnes, Christian K.; Juliusson, Pétur Benedikt; Jugessur, Astanand & Soest, Tilmann von (2025). Diverging trends in the age of social and biological transitions to adulthood. Advances in Life Course Research. ISSN 1569-4909. 65. doi: 10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100690. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Kvalem, Ingela Lundin; Soest, Tilmann von; Sundgot-Borgen, Christine & Dahlgren, Anna Maria Camilla Lindvall (2025). Kosmetisk kirurgi blant kvinner – en tverrsnittsstudie. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 145(1). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.24.0218. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Bakgrunn Undersøkelser fra 2003 og 2008 indikerte at 7–8 % av voksne kvinner i Norge hadde gjennomgått kosmetisk kirurgi. Det foreligger lite oppdatert kunnskap om dette, og hovedmålet med studien var å kartlegge bruk av, ønske om og sosial aksept for kosmetisk kirurgi, samt forskjeller i demografiske og psykososiale faktorer mellom kvinner som har gjennomgått, de som ønsker, og de som ikke ønsker kosmetisk kirurgi. Materiale og metode Et utvalg på 3 071 kvinner i alderen 18 til 60 år ble rekruttert fra panelet til meningsmålingsinstituttet Ipsos/MMI, hvorav 3 055 kvinner ble inkludert i studien. Strukturerte telefonintervjuer ble utført i desember 2022. Resultater Blant deltakerne svarte 526 (17 %) at de hadde gjennomført én eller flere kosmetiske operasjoner. 1 588 (52 %) rapporterte at det var sannsynlig at de ville gjennomføre kosmetisk kirurgi, og 535 (18 %) hadde selv blitt anbefalt kosmetisk kirurgi. Kvinnene som hadde gjennomført eller ønsket kosmetisk kirurgi, hadde lavere utdanningsnivå, var mindre fornøyde med egen kropp og utseende, hadde oftere blitt anbefalt kosmetisk kirurgi, og var oftere på utseendefokuserte sosiale medier, sammenlignet med dem som ikke ønsket kosmetisk kirurgi. Fortolkning Studien indikerte en økning i bruk av kosmetisk kirurgi blant voksne kvinner de siste 20 årene, fra 8 % til 17 %, samt en økning i både ønske om og sosial aksept for kosmetisk kirurgi.

• Ivanova, Anna; Fluit, Sam; Fischer, Nantje; Soest, Tilmann Martin von & Kozák, Michal (2025). Masturbation Trajectories from Late Adolescence into Mid-Adulthood: A Population-Based Longitudinal Study. Journal of Sex Research. ISSN 0022-4499. doi: 10.1080/00224499.2025.2489091. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Potočár, Libor; Kozák, Michal; Bøe, Tormod & Soest, Tilmann Martin von (2025). The social gradients in mental health and psychosocial well-being from adolescence to midlife and the mediating role of parenting practices: a national cohort study. Social Science and Medicine. ISSN 0277-9536. 383. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.118405. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Research investigating social inequalities in mental health and well-being across the life course is scarce. Moreover, a comprehensive examination of underlying pathways linking early life disadvantage to subsequent mental health inequalities is needed. This nationally representative prospective cohort study in Norway followed 3072 individuals from adolescence (mean age 15 years, 1992) to midlife (43 years, 2020). Using latent growth curve modeling, we examined the magnitude and life course development of social gradients in self-reported internalizing problems (symptoms of depression and anxiety), externalizing problems (problematic alcohol use and conduct problems), and psychosocial well-being (loneliness and self-esteem). Family disadvantage in adolescence was assessed by parental educational attainment and living situation. Parenting practices, including behavioral monitoring, warmth, educational investment, social support, and psychological overcontrol, were examined as mediators. Results showed that living with both biological parents was consistently linked with better mental health and psychosocial well-being, with these advantages persisting into midlife. In contrast, lower parental educational attainment was associated with deteriorated psychosocial well-being and externalizing problems during adolescence, but these inequalities diminished with age. Importantly, individuals from advantaged families experienced more nurturing, supportive, and involved parenting, which accounted for a substantial portion of observed mental health disparities during adolescence. Altogether, our findings highlight the importance of early social disadvantage for mental health and well-being across the life course, underscoring the critical role of parenting practices in shaping these trajectories.

• MacSweeney, Niamh; Beck, Dani; Whitmore, Lucy; Mills, Kathryn L.; Westlye, Lars Tjelta & Soest, Tilmann Martin von [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). Multimodal Brain Age Indicators of Internalizing Problems in Early Adolescence: A Longitudinal Investigation. Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging. ISSN 2451-9022. doi: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.11.003. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Richter, Lydia; Bergunde, Luisa; Karl, Marlene; Jaramillo, Isabel; Weise, Victoria & Mack, Judith T. [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). The associations between paternal postpartum depressive symptoms and testosterone and cortisol levels in hair over the first two years postpartum. Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry. ISSN 0278-5846. 137, s. 1–15. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111245. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background After the birth of a child, also fathers may develop postpartum depression. Altered steroid hormone concentrations are discussed as a possible underlying mechanism, as these have been associated with depressive symptoms in previous studies outside the postpartum period. While higher paternal testosterone levels have been found to protect against paternal postpartum depressive symptoms (PPDS), an association between higher cortisol levels and PPDS has been seen in postpartum mothers, with no comparable studies available on fathers. Objective This study aimed to investigate cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between testosterone and cortisol levels in hair and PPDS over a period of 2 years postpartum. Methods Data from N = 226 fathers, who took part in the endocrine sub-study DREAMHAIR of the longitudinal prospective cohort study DREAM, were used. PPDS were assessed 8 weeks, 14 months, and 24 months after birth using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. At the same time, fathers provided 2 cm scalp-near hair samples in which testosterone (HairT) and cortisol (HairF) levels were determined. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between HairT, HairF and paternal PPDS were investigated. Results Correlation analyses showed a negative cross-sectional association between HairF levels and paternal PPDS 14 months after birth. A random intercept cross-lagged panel model revealed prospective relationships between paternal PPDS 8 weeks postpartum and HairF 14 months postpartum, and additionally between 14 months and 2 years postpartum in an exploratory model with similarly good model fit. No further significant associations of HairF with paternal PPDS emerged, and none of the analyses with HairT became significant. The overall pattern of results was confirmed when controlling for the influence of batch and storage time on HairT and HairF levels. Conclusion No consistent relationships between HairT or HairF and paternal PPDS emerged in this relatively healthy cohort. In HairF analyses with significant results, lower HairF was associated with more severe PPDS. Longitudinal results imply that altered cortisol secretion may rather follow than precede changes in paternal PPDS. Further research on hormonal changes in PPDS in fathers should consider possible covariates and examine fathers with higher depressive burden, which may help to identify fathers at risk and inform future preventive and interventive approaches.

• Bårdstu, Silje Kvam; Bølstad, Evalill; John, Oliver P.; Fruyt, Filip De & Soest, Tilmann Martin von (2025). Active During Childhood: Undercontrolled or Extraverted in Late Adolescence? A Longitudinal Study Distinguishing Different Conceptions of Childhood Activity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. ISSN 0022-3514. 128(2), s. 456–475. doi: 10.1037/pspp0000543. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The role of childhood activity level in personality development is still poorly understood. Using data from a prospective study following 939 children from age 1.5 to 16.5 years, this study examined whether prospective associations of childhood activity with subsequent personality ratings in adolescence differ across two conceptualizations of childhood activity: energetic activity (defined by energy, vigor, and tempo) versus dysregulated activity (distractibility, hyperactivity, and poor self-regulation). We assessed energetic activity development (using latent growth curve modeling) at ages 1.5–8.5 years using the Activity scale from the Emotionality, Activity, and Sociability Temperament Survey, and dysregulated activity at age 8.5 using the Hyperactivity-Inattention scale from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. We then used these two kinds of activity measures (mother-reported) to predict personality self-descriptions on the Big Five Inventory 8 years later. Personality traits were first regressed on mean levels of energetic and dysregulated activity at age 8.5 years and subsequently regressed on the growth factors of energetic activity development. Results showed mean-level changes in the entire sample as energetic activity decreased by more than 1 SD across childhood (i.e., −0.18 SD per year). Energetic activity at age 8.5 positively predicted higher levels of both the Big Five extraversion domain and the self-discipline facet of conscientiousness at age 16.5. In contrast, dysregulated activity at age 8.5 predicted lower levels of both conscientiousness and agreeableness. The findings advocate for a distinction between energetic and dysregulated activity in temperament and personality theories, addressing inconsistencies in previous research.

• Frøyland, Lars Roar; Pedersen, Willy; Enstad, Frøydis & Soest, Tilmann Martin von (2025). School party culture as a driver of cocaine use among Norwegian adolescents: A cross-classified multilevel analysis. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. ISSN 0376-8716. 271. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112627. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Adolescent substance use typically occurs within peer contexts and is influenced by characteristics of neighborhoods and the cultural environments of the schools adolescents attend. This study aimed to (i) examine variation in cocaine use among adolescents in Oslo, Norway, based on neighborhood of residence and high school affiliation; (ii) assess the significance of school-based party cultures; and (iii) identify individual-level correlates. Methods: The study used data from the Young in Oslo 2023 survey, which collected information from a population-based sample of senior high school students (n = 9741) residing in 95 neighborhoods and attending 25 schools. Participants completed e-questionnaires with information on cocaine use, neighborhood and school affiliation, school-based party cultures, sociodemographic variables, and potential correlates of cocaine use. The data were analyzed using cross-classified multilevel models (CCMM). Results: Of all adolescents, 9.3 % had used cocaine in the previous year. A CCMM including neighborhood and school showed an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.004 for neighborhood and 0.106 for school, indicating that 10.6 % of the variance in cocaine use was linked to school affiliation, while neighborhood variations were negligible. Including school party culture decreased the ICC for school to 0.055, suggesting this measure accounted for half the school-level variance. Further adjustments for individual-level correlates reduced the ICC to 0.028. The most significant individual factors were male gender, alcohol intoxication, and peers use of illicit drugs. Conclusions: Certain youth milieus characterized by heavy-drinking boys and school-based party cultures increased cocaine use. Targeting these environments may be effective in prevention work.

• MacSweeney, Niamh; Thomson, Phoebe; Soest, Tilmann Martin von; Tamnes, Christian Krog & Rakesh, Divyangana (2025). The role of pubertal development in the association between trauma and internalising symptoms in female youth. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. ISSN 0021-9630. s. 1–12. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.14139. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae; Røysamb, Espen; Nes, Ragnhild Bang; Soest, Tilmann Martin von & Ebrahimi, Omid V. (2025). Financial factors and depression and anxiety: A symptom-specific approach in the general population. SSM - Mental Health (SSM-MH). 8. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2025.100508. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Solberg, Ole Martin; Garcia, Laura Cristina Cortes; Rodriguez-Cano, Ruben; Wichstrøm, Lars & Soest, Tilmann Martin von (2025). From adolescence to midlife: Within-person associations between self-esteem and internalizing symptoms across 28 years. Journal of Affective Disorders. ISSN 0165-0327. 389. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2025.119663. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Fredriksen, Eivor; Soest, Tilmann Martin von; Bekkhus, Mona; Svendsrud, Hedvig; Smith, Lars & Siqveland, Torill Kandal Sundet [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). Parental Gender and Adult Attachment Style in the Transition to Parenthood: Implications for Parent–Infant Interaction, Parenting Stress, and Parental Leave Practices. Journal of Marriage and Family. ISSN 0022-2445. 88(1), s. 145–159. doi: 10.1111/jomf.70002. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objective Aiming to broaden our understanding of parental gender differences within the framework of attachment theory, this study explores how parents' prenatal attachment styles relate to parenting stress, parent–infant interaction, and paternity leave, by investigating how attachment styles and gender interact to predict parenting outcomes. Background The attachment system is at the core of parental adjustments during the perinatal period, underscored by the interplay between attachment styles and caregiving behavior. Yet, gender differences in these associations remain poorly understood, despite variations in parenting roles. Methods Families (N = 1036) participating in a prospective community-based study in Norway reported adult attachment orientations during pregnancy. Postnatal data included self-reported parenting stress, observed mother–infant/father–infant interactions, and paternal parental leave uptake. A path analysis was carried out, using multigroup comparisons to investigate parental gender differences. Results Prenatal adult attachment avoidance and anxiety predicted higher parenting stress (range: β = 0.12–0.38), and attachment avoidance predicted higher father–infant interactional difficulties postnatally (β = 0.35). Fathers' attachment insecurities were related to lower uptake of paternity leave through indirect pathways with a small effect size. Associations between attachment avoidance and all parenting outcomes were consistently stronger for fathers than mothers. Conclusion Adult attachment styles among expectant parents are associated with a diverse range of parenting outcomes, with findings revealing gendered patterns in the links between adult attachment and caregiving systems during the perinatal period.

• Kozák, Michal & Soest, Tilmann von (2025). Adolescent work values and adult attainment in key social domains two decades later: evidence from a population-based longitudinal study of Norwegian men and women. Journal of Education and Work. ISSN 1363-9080. doi: 10.1080/13639080.2025.2456838. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tamnes, Christian K.; Bekkhus, Mona; Eilertsen, Maja; Nes, Ragnhild B.; Prydz, Monica Beer & Ystrom, Eivind [Vis alle 63 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). The nature of the relation between mental illbeing and wellbeing. Nature Human Behaviour. 9, s. 2431–2440. doi: 10.31234/osf.io/9jk2x. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Research on mental health has traditionally separated the study of illbeing—disorder and problems—and wellbeing—life satisfaction and positive affect. While previous reviews of studies primarily employing self-report scales indicate that illbeing and wellbeing are distinct yet interconnected constructs, a deeper examination of their relationship is lacking. This perspective article from the PROMENTA Research Center offers a review and synthesis of findings on the joint and distinct nature of illbeing and wellbeing across multiple levels of analysis. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach, we integrate genetic, biological, developmental, psychosocial, societal, cultural, and intervention-based perspectives. Our review reveals substantial genetic overlap and some similar biological underpinnings for illbeing and wellbeing. In contrast, environmental factors and societal changes often have divergent impacts. We propose that future research should systematically assess both positive and negative aspects of mental health to discern their shared and unique determinants, predictors, mechanisms, and consequences.

• Rodriguez-Cano, Ruben; Lotre, Karianne; Soest, Tilmann von; Rognli, Eline B. & Bramness, Jørgen Gustav (2024). Loneliness in adolescence and prescription of psychotropic drugs in adulthood: 23-year longitudinal population-based and registry study. BJPsych Open. 10(2). doi: 10.1192/bjo.2024.22. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background The role of adolescent loneliness in adult mental health and prescriptions of psychotropic drugs remains underexplored. Aims We aim to determine whether (a) experiencing loneliness in adolescence and (b) changes in loneliness from adolescence to adulthood are prospectively associated with prescriptions for a variety of psychotropic drugs in adulthood. Method We used data from a Norwegian population-based sample with 2602 participants, collected across four waves between 1992 and 2006. Loneliness was assessed at each wave, with survey data linked to medicinal drug prescription records from the Norwegian Prescription Database. We identified prescription histories of antipsychotics, mood stabilisers, antidepressants and benzodiazepines from 2007 to 2015, for each participant. We use latent growth curve analyses to model the relationship of adolescent loneliness and loneliness change from adolescence to adulthood, with subsequent psychotropic drugs prescription. Results Adolescents with heightened loneliness, and adolescents whose loneliness increased into young adulthood, had a greater likelihood of being prescribed antipsychotics, mood stabilisers and antidepressants in adulthood. These associations remained significant after adjustment for confounders such as sociodemographic characteristics, conduct problems, substance use and mental health problems. Conclusions Loneliness in adolescence and its adverse development over a span of 15 years was linked to higher risk of receiving prescriptions for antipsychotics, mood stabilisers and antidepressants later in life. The findings may indicate that loneliness increases the risk for developing psychotic disorders, bipolar disorders and major depression.

• Ferschmann, Lia; Grydeland, Håkon; MacSweeney, Niamh; Beck, Dani; Bos, Marieke G.N. & Norbom, Linn Bonaventure [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). The importance of timing of socioeconomic disadvantage throughout development for depressive symptoms and brain structure. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience. ISSN 1878-9293. 69. doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101449. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Prior studies have reported associations between socioeconomic disadvantage, brain structure and mental health outcomes, but the timing of these relations is not well understood. Using prospective longitudinal data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), this preregistered study examined whether socioeconomic disadvantage related differentially to depressive symptoms (n=3012–3530) and cortical and subcortical structures (n=460–733) in emerging adults, depending on the timing of exposure to socioeconomic disadvantage. Family income in early childhood and own income measured concurrently were both significantly related to depressive symptoms in emerging adulthood. Similar results were observed for perceived financial strain. In contrast, only family income in early childhood was associated with brain structure in emerging adulthood, with positive associations with intracranial volume and total and regional cortical surface area. The findings suggest that both objective and subjective aspects of one’s financial standing throughout development relate to depressive symptoms in adulthood, but that specifically early life family income is related to brain structural features in emerging adulthood. This suggests that associations between socioeconomic disadvantage and brain structure originate early in neurodevelopment, highlighting the role of timing of socioeconomic disadvantage.

• Bierwiaczonek, Kinga; Fluit, Sam; Soest, Tilmann von; Hornsey, Matthew J. & Kunst, Jonas R. (2024). Loneliness trajectories over three decades are associated with conspiracist worldviews in midlife. Nature Communications. 15(1). doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-47113-x. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bergunde, L.; Steudte-Schmiedgen, S.; Karl, M.; Jaramillo, I.; Gao, W. & Soest, Tilmann von [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Stability and inter-family associations of hair endocannabinoid and N-acylethanolamines across the perinatal period in mothers, fathers, and children. Scientific Reports. 14(1), s. 1–15. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-59818-6. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Analysis of endocannabinoids (ECs) and N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) in hair is assumed to retrospectively assess long-term EC/NAE concentrations. To inform their use, this study investigated stability of EC/NAE hair concentrations in mothers, fathers, and their children across the perinatal period as well as associations between family members. In a prospective cohort study, EC (AEA, 1-AG/2-AG) and NAE (SEA, PEA, OEA) levels were quantified in hair samples taken four times in mothers (n = 336) and their partners (n = 225) from pregnancy to two years postpartum and in offspring (n = 319) from shortly after birth to two years postpartum. Across the perinatal period, maternal and paternal hair ECs/NAEs showed poor multiple-test consistency (16–36%) and variable relative stability, as well as inconsistent absolute stability for mothers. Regarding children, hair ECs/NAEs evidenced poor multiple-test consistency (4–19%), no absolute stability, and either no or variable relative stability. Hair ECs/NAEs showed small to medium significant associations across the perinatal period within couples and parent–child dyads. Findings suggest hair ECs/NAEs during the perinatal period possess variable stability in adults, albeit more stability in fathers than mothers in this time. This highlights the need to further investigate factors associated with changes in hair ECs/NAEs across time. The first two years of life may be a dynamic phase for the endocannabinoid system in children, potentially characterized by complex within-family correspondence that requires further systematic investigation.

• Potrebny, Thomas; Nilsen, Sondre Aasen; Bakken, Anders; Soest, Tilmann von; Kvaløy, Kirsti & Samdal, Oddrun [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Secular trends in mental health problems among young people in Norway: a review and meta-analysis. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. ISSN 1018-8827. 34, s. 69–81. doi: 10.1007/s00787-024-02371-4. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  There is a growing concern that the mental health of recent generations of youth is deteriorating, yet the etiology of these secular changes is not fully understood. We aimed to review the evidence on trends in mental health problems among young people in Norway. Seven large-scale repeated cross-sectional studies were included in this study, comprising 35 cross-sectional data collections between 1992 and 2019, with a total sample of 776,606 young people. Our study found a clear increase in mental health problems among young females in Norway over the past few decades, while the trends were less marked for males. The proportion of individuals scoring above the problematic symptom score threshold increased on average by 11.2% (range 2.2% to 21.9%) for females and 5.2% (range − 0.9% to 11.1%) for males, based on data from the individual studies. The results from a meta-regression analysis showed that across all surveys, mean symptom scores increased by 17% (95% CI 12 to 21%) among females and 5% (95% CI 1 to 9%) among males from 1992 to 2019. Overall, mental health problems have increased continually since the early 1990s among young people, especially among young females. The cause of these secular changes remains unknown but likely reflect the interplay of several factors at the individual and societal level.

• Nordmo, Magnus; Kleppestø, Thomas Haarklau; Reme, Bjørn-Atle; Sunde, Hans Fredrik; Soest, Tilmann von & Torvik, Fartein Ask (2024). The diminishing association between adolescent mental disorders and educational performance from 2006–2019. JCPP Advances. 4(3). doi: 10.1002/jcv2.12239. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background A rising prevalence of adolescent mental disorders in the Western world has been widely reported, raising concerns for adolescent development and well-being. Mental disorders are known to negatively impact educational performance. Yet it remains uncertain whether the relationship between mental disorders and educational outcomes has also changed over time and if the change is more pronounced among high compared to low performing students. The aims of this paper are to (1) describe the change over time in the prevalence of common mental disorders in adolescence; (2) determine whether the change in prevalence of common mental disorders differs between high and low performing students; and (3) assess whether the associations between mental health disorders and educational performance have changed over time. Methods To address these issues, this study examines potential shifts in the associations between diagnoses of ADHD and internalizing disorders and educational performance among 843,692 Norwegian students graduating from lower secondary education between 2006 and 2019. We utilize population-wide register data on ADHD and internalizing disorders from primary and specialist care combined with educational outcomes. Results Our analysis revealed a marked rise in ADHD prevalence, from 1.0% in 2006 to 2.6% in 2019. Concurrently, diagnoses of internalizing disorders also increased from 1.9% to 4.2%. This increasing trend in diagnoses spanned across all high school grade point average (GPA) categories, thereby not supporting the notion that the rise is predominantly observed among high-performing adolescents. Importantly, the strength of the associations of internalizing disorders and ADHD with GPA diminished significantly over time. For instance, the difference between the average GPA standardized score for boys with and without an ADHD diagnosis shrunk from 1.0 in 2006 to 0.73 in 2019. Conclusions We discuss various potential explanations for this observation and suggest that changes in diagnostic thresholds is a contributing factor.

• Hygen, Beate Wold; Skalicka, Vera; Coplan, Robert; Soest, Tilmann von; Fredriksen, Eivor & Bekkhus, Mona (2024). Norwegian Adolescents in the Initial Stages of COVID-19 Restrictions. Links Between Interactions, Digital Media Use, Loneliness, and Mental Health Problems. Journal of Media Psychology. ISSN 1864-1105. 36(5). doi: 10.1027/1864-1105/a000401. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  In response to the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in March 2020, the Norwegian government closed schools and limited leisure activities. In this cross-sectional study, we examined how different types of digital versus in-person social interactions and digital media use were associated with loneliness and mental health problems among adolescents during the initial COVID-19 lockdown. Participants (N = 703, 79.7% girls, Mage = 17.3 years) completed a questionnaire assessing loneliness, mental health problems, digital media use, and in-person interactions. Both in-person and digital social interaction (texting) with friends were negatively associated with adolescents’ mental health problems and loneliness. By contrast, time spent alone on screen and on social media was positively related to mental health problems. The findings highlight that during the first weeks of the pandemic and of social distancing, increased interactions (either in-person or digital) among adolescents and their friends coincided with lower lev

• Evje, Jacob; Fluit, Sam & Soest, Tilmann von (2024). Transgender people experience more discrimination and violence than cisgender lesbian, gay, or bisexual people: a multilevel analysis across 30 European countries. International Journal of Transgenderism. ISSN 2689-5269. doi: 10.1080/26895269.2024.2440856. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Introduction Considering recent waves of transphobia, it is crucial to comprehensively research transgender people’s experiences with discrimination and violence. This study investigates the extent of discrimination and violence experienced by trans people and cisgender lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) people in Europe. We explore how these experiences vary across countries, how they are affected by a person’s disability and ethnic minority background, and whether experiences vary between trans women, trans men, and nonbinary people. Method Using the 2020 EU LGBTI Survey II, we conducted multilevel analyses across 30 European countries on experiences of discrimination and violence among trans people and cisgender LGB people (N = 138,212). The 2019 Rainbow Europe Country Ranking was included as a country-level predictor. Results Our findings demonstrated that trans people reported consistently more discrimination and violence than cisgender LGB people throughout Europe, irrespective of the countries’ rankings of LGBTQ+ rights. This difference was more pronounced among participants with ethnic minority backgrounds and disabilities. Results also varied across genders as trans women and nonbinary people reported more violence than trans men, whereas trans men and trans women both reported more discrimination than nonbinary people. Conclusions This study provides compelling evidence of disproportionately negative experiences of trans people in Europe. The findings underscore the need for policy interventions and future studies addressing discrimination and violence faced by trans people.

• Fluit, Sam; Garcia, Laura Cristina Cortes & Soest, Tilmann von (2024). Social marginalization: A scoping review of 50 years of research. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications. 11(1). doi: 10.1057/s41599-024-04210-y. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Despite growing interest in social marginalization, the concept lacks a common and clear definition. Using a scoping review method, this paper systematically analyzed 1121 papers identified in the Scopus and Web of Science databases, spanning 50 years of research. The results show a diffusively expanding research field that covers 17 topics of social marginalization and identifies 12 socially marginalized groups. Health was the most frequent topic, with immigrants and minorities being the most targeted study population. From the extensive body of research, 97 unique definitions of social marginalization were extracted. These definitions were analyzed and synthesized into four themes, and subsequently integrated into a new definition. We defined social marginalization as a multifaceted concept that refers to a context-dependent social process of “othering”—where certain individuals or groups are systematically excluded based on societal norms and values—and the resulting experience of disadvantage. This review addresses recent academic calls for clarity by promoting a unified understanding of social marginalization. Moreover, we provide guidelines for both research and policy interventions aimed at addressing this critical issue.

• Kunst, Jonas R.; Bierwiaczonek, Kinga; Obaidi, Milan; Fluit, Sam; Soest, Tilmann von & SAM, DAVID [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Selective cultural adoption: The roles of warmth, competence, morality and perceived indispensability in majority-group acculturation. British Journal of Social Psychology. ISSN 0144-6665. 64(2). doi: 10.1111/bjso.12801. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Psychological research has begun considering the dynamics involved in majority-group acculturation, which is the extent to which cultural majority groups adopt the culture of immigrants and minority groups. However, previous research has predominantly concentrated on reactions to ‘immigrants’ or ‘minority groups’ as a homogenous entity, overlooking the nuanced perceptions and varied valuations attributed to different groups. Recognizing the heterogeneity among immigrant and minority groups, the present work investigated the influence of several perceived characteristics of immigrant and minority groups on majority-group members' adoption of their cultures. Specifically, in three pre-registered studies—one correlational (Nparticipants = 201, Ntrials = 2814) and two within-subjects experimental (Nparticipants = 144 and 146, Ntrials = 720 and 730) designs with close to politically representative samples from the U.K. and U.S. —majority-group members were more willing to adopt immigrant and minority-group cultures that they perceived as warm, competent and moral because these perceptions made immigrants and minority groups seem indispensable to the identity and economy of the mainstream society. Our studies highlight the importance of considering the differentiated acculturation that majority-group members have to various groups within the same national context. We discuss the societal and cultural repercussions of this selective uptake of other cultures.

• Pedersen, Willy; Frøyland, Lars Roar; Enstad, Frøydis & Soest, Tilmann Martin von (2024). Oslo – den delte byen: ungdom, rus og sosioøkonomisk status. Forebygging.no. doi: 10.21340/pe70-hr10. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Oslo er delt i en velstående vestlig del og en fattigere østlig del. Vi undersøker mønstre av bruk av alkohol, cannabis og kokain blant ungdommer fra 16 til 19 år (N = 10 595) i ulike deler av byen, mens vi spesielt ser på betydningen av sosioøkonomisk status (SØS). Ungdom i de vestlige bydelene hadde mye høyere andeler som har vært beruset av alkohol. Multivariate analyser viste at SØS-indikatorer både på bydelsnivå og i familien statistisk forklarte det meste av forskjellene. Bruken av cannabis var mest utbredt i de indre bydelene, men statistisk forklarte ikke SØS verken på bydelsnivå eller i familien noe av dette mønsteret. Bruken av kokain var høyst i de indre og vestlige delene av byen. Statistisk var det ingen sammenheng til SØS i familien, men høy SØS på bydelsnivå ga økt sannsynlighet for bruk. Flerbruk av de ulike rusmidlene var utbredt, med en kombinasjon av alkohol og cannabis som mest vanlig, mens en betydelig gruppe hadde brukt alle tre rusmidler. Alkoholberuselse er altså mest utbredt i områder

• Wiker, Thea; Pedersen, Mads Lund; Ferschmann, Lia; Beck, Dani; Norbom, Linn Christin Bonaventure & Dahl, Andreas [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Assessing the Longitudinal Associations Between Decision-Making Processes and Attention Problems in Early Adolescence. Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology. ISSN 2730-7166. 52, s. 803–817. doi: 10.1007/s10802-023-01148-8. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Abstract Cognitive functions and psychopathology develop in parallel in childhood and adolescence, but the temporal dynamics of their associations are poorly understood. The present study sought to elucidate the intertwined development of decision-making processes and attention problems using longitudinal data from late childhood (9–10 years) to mid-adolescence (11–13 years) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (n = 8918). We utilised hierarchical drift-diffusion modelling of behavioural data from the stop-signal task, parent-reported attention problems from the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and multigroup univariate and bivariate latent change score models. The results showed faster drift rate was associated with lower levels of inattention at baseline, as well as a greater reduction of inattention over time. Moreover, baseline drift rate negatively predicted change in attention problems in females, and baseline attention problems negatively predicted change in drift rate. Neither response caution (decision threshold) nor encoding- and responding processes (non-decision time) were significantly associated with attention problems. There were no significant sex differences in the associations between decision-making processes and attention problems. The study supports previous findings of reduced evidence accumulation in attention problems and additionally shows that development of this aspect of decision-making plays a role in developmental changes in attention problems in youth.

• Yu, Baeksan; Soest, Tilmann Martin von & Nes, Ragnhild Bang (2023). Do Municipal Contexts Matter for Adolescent Mental Health? A Within-Municipality Analysis of Nationwide Norwegian Survey Data Across Six Years. Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology. ISSN 2730-7166. 52, s. 169–182. doi: 10.1007/s10802-023-01123-3. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Morken, Ida Sund; Viddal, Kristine Rensvik; Soest, Tilmann Martin von & Wichstrøm, Lars (2023). Explaining the Female Preponderance in Adolescent Depression—A Four-Wave Cohort Study. Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology. ISSN 2730-7166. 51, s. 859–869. doi: 10.1007/s10802-023-01031-6. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  In the transition from childhood into adolescence, a female preponderance in depression emerges. Despite substantial empirical research to test theoretical propositions as to why this happens, our understanding is still limited. One explanation claims that girls become exposed to more stress (stress exposure model) whereas another proposes that girls become more vulnerable to the impact of stress (stress reactivity model) than boys when entering adolescence. Stressful life events (SLEs) and bullying victimization are established risk factors for adolescent depression. However, whether these factors contribute to the gender difference in depression is undetermined and thus investigated herein. Children (49.9% boys; n = 748) and parents from two birth cohorts in Trondheim, Norway, were followed biennially from ages 8 to 14 with clinical interviews about symptoms of depressive disorders and self-reports on SLEs. Teachers reported on bullying victimization. Prospective associations were investigated using an autoregressive latent trajectory model with structured residuals, examining within-person longitudinal associations while accounting for all time-invariant confounding effects. The number of depressive symptoms increased from ages 12 to 14 among girls. In the period before (ages 10 to 12), girls and boys were equally exposed to SLEs and bullying victimization. Increased stress (both SLEs and bullying victimization) at age 12 predicted increased depression at age 14 more strongly among girls than boys. Hence, increased impact—but not exposure—of SLEs and bullying victimization in girls may partly explain the emerging female preponderance in depression, in line with a stress reactivity model.

• Ferschmann, Lia; Overweg, Ingrid; Dégeilh, Fanny; Bekkhus, Mona; Havdahl, Alexandra & Soest, Tilmann Martin von [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Development of prosocial behavior and inhibitory control in late childhood: A longitudinal exploration of sex differences and reciprocal relations. Child Development. ISSN 0009-3920. 95(1), s. 313–323. doi: 10.1111/cdev.13978. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Abstract This study examined longitudinal development of prosocial behavior, assessed by the parent‐reported Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire, and inhibitory control, measured by the Opposite Worlds Task, in a sample aged 9 and 12 years ( n  = 9468, 49.9% girls, 85.8% White) from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. The goal was to assess whether the level of prosocial behavior at age 9 relates to change in inhibitory control, and vice versa. Sex differences were also explored. Latent change score models showed that low inhibitory control in boys at age 9 was associated with more decreases in prosocial behavior from 9 to 12 years of age. This may suggest that interventions targeting inhibitory control in boys may also foster their social competence.

• Bergunde, Luisa; Karl, Marlene; Schälicke, Sarah; Weise, Victoria; Mack, Judith T. & Soest, Tilmann Martin von [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Childbirth-related posttraumatic stress symptoms – examining associations with hair endocannabinoid concentrations during pregnancy and lifetime trauma. Translational Psychiatry. 13, s. 1–11. doi: 10.1038/s41398-023-02610-3. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Abstract Evidence has linked alterations of the endocannabinoid system with trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Childbirth-related PTSD symptoms (CB-PTSS) affect about every eighth woman and can negatively influence the entire family. While aetiological models of CB-PTSD include psychological risk factors such as maternal trauma history and negative subjective birth experience (SBE), they lack biological risk indicators. We investigated whether lifetime trauma and CB-PTSS were associated with long-term endocannabinoid concentrations during pregnancy. Further, we tested endocannabinoids as mediators between lifetime trauma and CB-PTSS and whether SBE moderated such mediational paths. Within the prospective cohort study DREAM HAIR , 263 expectant mothers completed trauma assessments and provided hair samples for quantification of long-term endocannabinoid levels (anandamide [AEA], 2-arachidonoylglycerol [1-AG/2-AG], and N-acyl-ethanolamides [NAE]) prior to their anticipated birth date. Two months postpartum, CB-PTSS and SBE were measured. Regression models controlling for relevant confounders showed no association between lifetime trauma and hair endocannabinoids during pregnancy, yet higher number of lifetime trauma events and lower hair AEA were significantly associated with CB-PTSS, with the latter finding not remaining significant when Bonferroni corrections due to multiple testing were applied. While hair AEA did not mediate the association between lifetime trauma and CB-PTSS, the effect of lower hair AEA on CB-PTSS was stronger upon negative SBE. Results suggest greater lifetime trauma and reduced maternal hair AEA during pregnancy may be associated with increased risk for CB-PTSS, particularly upon negative SBE. Findings confirm lifetime trauma as a CB-PTSS risk factor and add important preliminary insights on the role of endocannabinoid ligand alterations and SBE in CB-PTSS pathology.

• Steudte-Schmiedgen, S.; Schälicke, S.; Bergunde, L.; Karl, M.; Weise, V. & Junge-Hoffmeister, J. [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Hair glucocorticoids during pregnancy in the context of trauma exposure and their predictive value for the development of childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Psychoneuroendocrinology. ISSN 0306-4530. 148, s. 1–12. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105973. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Ulset, Vidar Sandsaunet; Venter, Zander; Kozák, Michal; Nordbø, Emma Charlott Andersson & Soest, Tilmann Martin von (2023). Increased nationwide use of green spaces in Norway during the COVID-19 pandemic. Environment International. ISSN 0160-4120. 180. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108190. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  In recent years, there has been growing concern about the decline in human green space use and nature-based recreation in Western countries. While some evidence suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic led to increased recreational mobility in urban green spaces, it is unclear whether the pandemic led to nationwide changes in green space use in both densely and less densely populated neighborhoods, as well as whether social inequalities in green space use were reinforced or attenuated by the pandemic. To address these questions, we used daily nationwide aggregated mobility data from more than 2 million cell phone subscribers in 14,331 geographical grids across Norway to examine potential changes in mobility in green spaces as measured by the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) during the pandemic. Additionally, we controlled for weather conditions, holiday periods, and neighborhood sociodemographic characteristics. The results from linear mixed model analyses showed a 9.4% increase in recreational visits in the greenest spaces during the pandemic. Notably, this increase was most prominent in neighborhoods of low socioeconomic status (SES) and was observed in both high- and low-population density neighborhoods, although the increase was somewhat stronger in neighborhoods with low population density. Our study findings suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic has played a role in increasing nationwide green space use in Norway and potentially narrowing the gap of green inequalities, thus highlighting the importance of preserving and promoting green spaces as a public health resource, particularly in disadvantaged neighborhoods. Green space use COVID-19 pandemic Recreational mobility NDVI Sosioeconomic status

• Fardzadeh, Haghish Ebad; Czajkowski, Nikolai Olavi & Soest, Tilmann Martin von (2023). Predicting suicide attempts among Norwegian adolescents without using suicide-related items: a machine learning approach. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 14. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1216791. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Introduction: Research on the classification models of suicide attempts has predominantly depended on the collection of sensitive data related to suicide. Gathering this type of information at the population level can be challenging, especially when it pertains to adolescents. We addressed two main objectives: (1) the feasibility of classifying adolescents at high risk of attempting suicide without relying on specific suicide-related survey items such as history of suicide attempts, suicide plan, or suicide ideation, and (2) identifying the most important predictors of suicide attempts among adolescents. Methods: Nationwide survey data from 173,664 Norwegian adolescents (ages 13–18) were utilized to train a binary classification model, using 169 questionnaire items. The Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm was fine-tuned to classify adolescent suicide attempts, and the most important predictors were identified. Results: XGBoost achieved a sensitivity of 77% with a specificity of 90%, and an AUC of 92.1% and an AUPRC of 47.1%. A coherent set of predictors in the domains of internalizing problems, substance use, interpersonal relationships, and victimization were pinpointed as the most important items related to recent suicide attempts. Conclusion: This study underscores the potential of machine learning for screening adolescent suicide attempts on a population scale without requiring sensitive suicide-related survey items. Future research investigating the etiology of suicidal behavior may direct particular attention to internalizing problems, interpersonal relationships, victimization, and substance use.

• Beck, Dani; Ferschmann, Lia; MacSweeney, Niamh; Norbom, Linn Christin Bonaventure; Wiker, Thea & Aksnes, Eira Ranheim [Vis alle 15 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Puberty differentially predicts brain maturation in male and female youth: A longitudinal ABCD Study. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience. ISSN 1878-9293. 61. doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101261. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Research has demonstrated associations between pubertal development and brain maturation. However, existing studies have been limited by small samples, cross-sectional designs, and inconclusive findings regarding directionality of effects and sex differences. We examined the longitudinal temporal coupling of puberty status assessed using the Pubertal Development Scale (PDS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based grey and white matter brain structure. Our sample consisted of 8896 children and adolescents at baseline (mean age = 9.9) and 6099 at follow-up (mean age = 11.9) from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study cohort. Applying multigroup Bivariate Latent Change Score (BLCS) models, we found that baseline PDS predicted the rate of change in cortical thickness among females and rate of change in cortical surface area for both males and females. We also found a correlation between baseline PDS and surface area and co-occurring changes over time in males. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) analyses revealed correlated change between PDS and fractional anisotropy (FA) for both males and females, but no significant associations for mean diffusivity (MD). Our results suggest that pubertal status predicts cortical maturation, and that the strength of the associations differ between sex. Further research spanning the entire duration of puberty is needed to understand the extent and contribution of pubertal development on the youth brain.

• Cano, Ruben Rodriguez; Kypriotakis, George; Garcia, Laura Cortes; Bakken, Anders & Soest, Tilmann Martin von (2023). Polysubstance use and its correlation with psychosocial and health risk behaviours among more than 95,000 Norwegian adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic (January to May 2021): a latent profile analysis. The Lancet Regional Health - Europe. s. 1–10. doi: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100603. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Polysubstance use represents an adolescent health risk; however, large-scale studies investigating this issue during the COVID-19 pandemic are scarce. We aim to (i) characterise substance use profiles among adolescents and (ii) identify correlates of such substance use profiles. Methods Norwegian nationwide survey data from 2021 were analysed using latent profile analysis. Participants were 97,429 adolescents aged 13–18. We assessed cigarette, e-cigarette and snus use, alcohol consumption, and cannabis and other illicit drug use. Correlates included psychosocial variables, health risk behaviours, and COVID-19-related problems. Findings We identified three adolescent profiles; those who use no substances (n = 88,890; 91%); those who use snus and alcohol (n = 6546; 7%); and those who use multiple substances (i.e., polysubstance profile; n = 1993; 2%). Boys, older adolescents, adolescents with lower socio-economic status, and those reporting low levels of parental control, and higher parental alcohol use, mental health problems, pain-related variables, and other health risk behaviours were most likely to be in the polysubstance profile. Adolescents with social and mental health issues related to COVID-19 were more at risk of being in the polysubstance profile. Adolescents who use snus and alcohol showed similar patterns of risk factors, but on a somewhat lower level than those in the polysubstance profile. Interpretation Adolescents who use multiple substances have an unhealthier lifestyle, are at a higher risk of expe- riencing psychosocial impairments, and report more problems related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Preventative strategies to reduce polysubstance use might help promote psychosocial well-being in adolescents across various life domains.

• Dégeilh, Fanny; Soest, Tilmann von; Ferschmann, Lia; Beer, Joanne C.; Gaubert, Malo & Koerte, Inga K. [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Social problems and brain structure development following childhood mild traumatic brain injury. Cortex. ISSN 0010-9452. 162, s. 26–37. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.02.003. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Garcia, Laura Cortes; Wichstrøm, Lars; Cano, Ruben Agustin Rodriguez & Soest, Tilmann Martin von (2023). Within-Person Prospective Associations Between Disordered Eating, Appearance Dissatisfaction, and Depressive Symptoms From Adolescence to Midlife: A 28-Year Longitudinal Population-Based Study. Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science. ISSN 2769-7541. 132(8), s. 1031–1042. doi: 10.1037/abn0000860. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Appearance dissatisfaction and depressive symptoms are considered key risk factors of disordered eating. However, their etiological status is equivocal; previous longitudinal studies have not accounted for time-invariant confounding effects and have not considered potential reverse temporal influences. In addition, whether associations differ between developmental periods and genders has remained untested. To address these issues, we employed a nationwide sample of Norwegian adolescents (N = 2,933; Mage = 15.4 years, 54.2% women) assessed at five time points until midlife. Random-intercept cross-lagged panel models were used to examine the prospective associations between appearance dissatisfaction, depressive symptoms, and disordered eating, net of all unmeasured time-invariant confounding effects. Results showed that high levels of appearance dissatisfaction and depressive symptoms significantly predicted increased disordered eating. Conversely, disordered eating was also a predictor of increased appearance dissatisfaction and depressive symptoms. These reciprocal effects were equal in magnitude across developmental periods and gender. These results suggest that successful interventions to reduce appearance dissatisfaction and depressive symptoms may alleviate disordered eating, while reduced disordered eating may have beneficial effects on appearance dissatisfaction and depressive symptoms, regardless of age or gender. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

• Kozák, Michal; Bakken, Anders & Soest, Tilmann Martin von (2023). Psychosocial well-being before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic: a nationwide study of more than half a million Norwegian adolescents. Nature Mental Health. doi: 10.1038/s44220-023-00088-y. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hegemann, Laura; Askeland, Ragna Bugge; Valand, Stian Barbo; Øyen, Anne-Siri; Schjølberg, Synnve & Bal, Vanessa H [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Measuring autism-associated traits in the general population: Factor structure and measurement invariance across sex and diagnosis status of the Social Communication Questionnaire. Autism. ISSN 1362-3613. doi: 10.1177/13623613231219306. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Autism screening questionnaires are sometimes used as a measure of “autism-associated traits” in samples drawn from the general population, even though such tools are primarily developed and designed for use in samples of children diagnosed with or being assessed for autism. Here, we explore the psychometric properties of the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) current version reported at age 8 in a large population-based sample. Using data from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort study (MoBa), we perform exploratory (N = 21,775) and confirmatory (N = 21,674) factor analyses on items and compare our results with previously suggested factor structure models of the SCQ. Furthermore, we test for measurement invariance across sex and registry-ascertained autism diagnostic status (Ndiagnosed = 636). A 5-factor model provided best fit to the data in both children with and without autism diagnoses, though with some qualitative differences in what the factors represent across these groups. This model performed largely consistently across boys and girls in the general population. Taken together, the SCQ’s measurement properties must be carefully considered when it is used in population-based samples and measurement invariance testing of other autism screening tools used in similar contexts is warranted.

• Constantinou, Andrea; Soest, Tilmann Martin von; Zachrisson, Henrik Daae; Torvik, Fartein Ask; Cheesman, Rosa Catherine Gillespie & Ystrøm, Eivind (2023). Childhood personality and academic performance: A sibling fixed-effects study. Journal of Personality. ISSN 0022-3506. s. 1–13. doi: 10.1111/jopy.12900. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objective: This study investigated the associations between personality traits at age 8 and academic performance between ages 10 and 14, controlling for family confounds. Background: Many studies have shown links between children’s personality traits and their school performance. However, we lack evidence on whether these associations remain after genetic and environmental confounders are accounted for. Method: Sibling data from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) were used (n = 9701). First, we estimated the overall associations be- tween Big Five personality traits and academic performance, including literacy, numeracy, and foreign language. Second, we added sibling fixed effects to remove unmeasured confounders shared by siblings as well as rating bias. Results: Openness to Experience (between-person β = 0.22 [95% CI: 0.21–0.24]) and Conscientiousness (between-person β = 0.18 [95% CI 0.16–0.20]) were most strongly related to educational performance. Agreeableness (between-per- son β = 0.06 [95% CI −0.08–0.04]) and Extraversion (between-person β = 0.02 [95% CI 0.00–0.04]) showed small associations with educational performance. Neuroticism had a moderate negative association (between-person β = −0.14 [95% CI −0.15–0.11]). All associations between personality and performance were ro- bust to confounding: the within-family estimates from sibling fixed-effects mod- els overlapped with the between-person effects. Finally, childhood personality was equally predictive of educational performance across ages and genders. Conclusions: Although family background is influential for academic achieve- ment, it does not confound associations with personality. Childhood personal- ity traits reflect unbiased and consistent individual differences in educational potential.

• Rodriguez-Cano, Ruben; Garcia, Laura Cortes & Soest, Tilmann Martin von (2023). The prospective reciprocal associations between smoking and depressive symptoms over three decades: A Random Intercept Cross-lagged Panel Model. Tobacco Prevention & Cessation. 9, s. 63–63. doi: 10.18332/TPC/162715. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Seefeld, Lara; Soest, Tilmann Martin von; Dikmen-Yildiz, Pelin & Garthus-Niegel, Susan (2023). Dyadic analyses on the prospective association between birth experience and parent-child-bonding: The role of postpartum depression, anxiety, and childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders. ISSN 0887-6185. 98. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102748. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Fluit, Sam; Kunst, Jonas R.; Bierwiaczonek, Kinga & Soest, Tilmann von (2023). Self-esteem trajectories over three decades predict opposition to social equality in midlife. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS). ISSN 0027-8424. 120(1). doi: 10.1073/pnas.2212906120. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Although life trajectories are frequently theorized to explain people’s attitudes toward different social groups, few studies have been able to directly assess their importance with suitable data. Addressing this gap and focusing on the development of general and domain-specific self-esteem, we report results from a population-based sample of Norwegians (N = 2,215) followed over 28 years and five time points from adolescence to midlife. Growth curve models demonstrated that irrespective of self-esteem domain, low levels of self-esteem in adolescence as well as a depressed self-esteem development over the next three decades were related to more overall opposition to social equality as well as more opposition to gender equality and immigration in midlife. The results held when controlling for participants’ baseline political orientations and other key covariates in adolescence. Our findings indicate that low self-esteem and a lack of posi- tive self-esteem development can be detrimental to harmonious intergroup relations in ever-diversifying societies. We discuss how future psychological interventions aimed at enhancing self-esteem may promote support for a more inclusive society.

• Frøyland, Lars Roar; Pedersen, Willy; Stefansen, Kari & Soest, Tilmann Martin von (2023). Sexual and Physical Victimization and Health Correlates Among Norwegian Adolescents. Archives of Sexual Behavior. ISSN 0004-0002. 52, s. 2767–2777. doi: 10.1007/s10508-023-02604-8. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Large-scale epidemiological studies have documented that many children and adolescents are exposed to different forms of victimization experiences. However, such population-based studies have rarely examined how specific types of victimization are correlated with health indicators. Thus, we investigated sexual victimization, physical victimization by parents, and physical victimization by peers and their associations with sexual health, mental health, and substance use. We gathered data from a nationally representative sample of Norwegian 18–19-year-old students in their final year of senior high school (N = 2075; 59.1% girls). The analyses showed that 12.1% of the adolescents reported sexual victimization experiences. Physical victimization was more prevalent: 19.5% of the respondents had been exposed to victimization from parents and 18.9% from peers. Multivariate analyses revealed specific associations between sexual victimization and a range of sexual health indicators, such as early sexual intercourse debut, many sexual partners, engaging in sex without contraception while intoxicated, and participating in sexual acts for payment. Neither physical victimization from parents nor from peers were correlated with these variables. However, all three forms of victimization were associated with impaired mental health and potential substance use problems. We conclude that a variety of victimization experiences should be addressed in policies for prevention of adolescent mental health and substance use problems. In addition, a special emphasis is warranted regarding sexual victimization: Sexual health policies should address such potential experiences in addition to more traditional themes such as reproductive health and should also include low-threshold services for young victims of sexual victimization.

• Norbom, Linn Christin Bonaventure; Hanson, Jamie; Meer, Dennis van der; Ferschmann, Lia; Røysamb, Espen & Soest, Tilmann von [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Parental socioeconomic status is linked to cortical microstructure and language abilities in children and adolescents. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience. ISSN 1878-9293. 56. doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101132. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Gradients in parental socioeconomic status (SES) are closely linked to important life outcomes in children and adolescents, such as cognitive abilities, school achievement, and mental health. Parental SES may also influence brain development, with several magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies reporting associations with youth brain morphometry. However, MRI signal intensity metrics have not been assessed, but could offer a microstructural correlate, thereby increasing our understanding of SES influences on neurobiology. We computed a parental SES score from family income, parental education and parental occupation, and assessed relations with cortical microstructure as measured by T1w/T2w ratio (n = 504, age = 3–21 years). We found negative age-stabile relations between parental SES and T1w/T2w ratio, indicating that youths from lower SES families have higher ratio in widespread frontal, temporal, medial parietal and occipital regions, possibly indicating a more developed cortex. Effect sizes were small, but larger than for conventional morphometric properties i.e. cortical surface area and thickness, which were not significantly associated with parental SES. Youths from lower SES families had poorer language related abilities, but microstructural differences did not mediate these relations. T1w/T2w ratio appears to be a sensitive imaging marker for further exploring the association between parental SES and child brain development.

• Løset, Gøril Kvamme; Hellevik, Tale & Soest, Tilmann von (2022). Basic human values and sick leave: A study combining two-wave survey data with longitudinal register data. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. ISSN 0036-5564. 63(6), s. 658–669. doi: 10.1111/sjop.12855. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  There is growing recognition that dispositional factors and social norms can predict work absence. Human values have been linked to related concepts, including work commitment and receipt of disability pension; however, there is a lack of research on whether human values are associated with sickness absence. We address this issue by combining survey data from two waves (2007, 2017) of the Norwegian Life-Course, Ageing and Generation Study (N = 1,330) with longitudinal register data on sickness absence between survey waves. Stepwise regression analyses showed that, out of Schwartz’s 10 basic values, achievement was prospectively associated with higher levels of self-reported sick leave, even when controlling for a variety of potential confounders. Self-direction was also related to higher risk of self-reported sick leave in the adjusted analysis. Conservation values (security and conformity) were related to stricter attitudes toward sick leave when controlling for potential confounders, while stimulation was associated with lenient sick leave attitudes in the adjusted analysis. None of the human values were prospectively associated with longer-term register-based sick leave beyond bivariate correlations. We conclude that broad human values to some extent predict attitudes toward sick leave and self-certified sick leave where persons may vary according to which degree they consider sick leave to be necessary and appropriate, while human values do not predict long-term, physician-certified sickness absence. Future research may examine whether health- or work-specific values have greater explanatory power for sick leave, including long-term sickness absence that is typically more closely linked to more serious health problems.

• Pedersen, Willy; Mastekaasa, Arne & Soest, Tilmann von (2022). Cannabis and Tobacco Use Among Young People and Labor Market Outcomes in Midlife: A 23-Year Population-Based Longitudinal Study. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. ISSN 1937-1888. 83(5), s. 731–739. doi: 10.15288/jsad.21-00311. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Rodriguez-Cano, Ruben; Garcia, Laura Cortes; Ulset, Vidar Sandsaunet & Soest, Tilmann von (2022). Worries About COVID-19 and Adolescents' Mental Health and Life Satisfaction: The Role of Sociodemographics and Social Support. Frontiers in Pediatrics. 10. doi: 10.3389/fped.2022.847434. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Enstad, Frøydis; Pedersen, Willy & Soest, Tilmann von (2022). Adolescent and young adult drunkenness and future educational attainment and labour market integration: A population-based longitudinal study. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. ISSN 1937-1888. 84(1), s. 109–117. doi: 10.15288/jsad.21-00395. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objective: Drunkenness is common among youth and has been linked to injuries and other acute consequences as well as subsequent alcohol problems. Less is known about the long-term consequences of drunkenness regarding future education and labour market integration, and how risk changes during the developmental course. We identify trajectories of drunkenness from early adolescence to young adulthood and examine how drunkenness is associated with subsequent outcomes in the domains of education, income, and unemployment and disability. Method: We use four-wave longitudinal data from 3,116 participants (1,428 men, 1,688 women) from the population-based Young in Norway Study (ages 13 to 31). Questionnaire data on drunkenness were linked to register data on subsequent educational and occupational outcomes. Results: The frequency of drunkenness during the past 12 months increased from ages 13 to 21, followed by a levelling off and decline from age 25 to 31. Early drunkenness (at age 13) was related to lower educational attainment, lower income, and higher risk for disability and unemployment at age 32; yet, after control for covariates most of these associations became nonsignificant. Later drunkenness (> 21 years) was either not associated or inversely associated with educational and employment outcomes. Conclusions: Results indicate that the effect of drunkenness changes during the developmental course. In early teenage years, drunkenness seems to be a marker of risk and linked to poor educational outcomes and weak labour market integration. From the early twenties, drunkenness instead seems to be related to positive educational and work-related outcomes.

• Løset, Gøril Kvamme & Soest, Tilmann von (2022). Big five personality traits and physician-certified sickness absence. European Journal of Personality. ISSN 0890-2070. 37(2), s. 239–253. doi: 10.1177/08902070211065236. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Although several studies show that personality traits are associated with absenteeism, few large-scale studies have examined these relationships prospectively, integrating survey data and register data on sickness absence. This study examines whether personality is associated with sickness absence, and whether health factors, gender, age, type of occupation and job satisfaction moderate this relationship. We combine survey data assessing the Big Five personality traits from a large sample of Norwegian employees aged 18–62 years (N = 5,017) with register data on physician-certified sickness absence up to four years after. Negative binomial regression analyses showed that extraversion was positively associated with subsequent sickness absence when controlling for several covariates, including health, work factors and previous spells of sickness absence. Neuroticism showed also significant positive associations with sick leave; however, the association diminished when accounting for previous spells of sickness absence. Moderator analyses demonstrated that age and type of occupation affected some of the associations between personality and sickness absence. The findings indicate that—in addition to general health promotion measures—specific interventions targeting individuals high in extraversion may be beneficial in reducing sick leave. How socio-demographic and work-related factors moderate the relationship between personality and sickness absence may be an interesting future research area.

• Garcia, Laura Cortes; Cano, Ruben Rodriguez & Soest, Tilmann von (2022). Prospective associations between loneliness and disordered eating from early adolescence to adulthood. International Journal of Eating Disorders. ISSN 0276-3478. doi: 10.1002/eat.23793. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Ulset, Vidar Sandsaunet & Soest, Tilmann von (2022). Posttraumatic growth during the COVID-19 lockdown: A large-scale population-based study among Norwegian adolescents. Journal of Traumatic Stress. ISSN 0894-9867. doi: 10.1002/jts.22801. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Miljeteig, Kristina & Soest, Tilmann von (2022). An experience sampling study on the association between social media use and self-esteem. Journal of Media Psychology. ISSN 1864-1105. doi: 10.1027/1864-1105/a000333. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Ulset, Vidar Sandsaunet; Bakken, Anders & Soest, Tilmann Von (2021). Ungdoms opplevelser av konsekvenser av pandemien etter ett år med covid-19-restriksjoner. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 141(13), s. 1264–1270. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.21.0335. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Bakgrunn: Vi har fått kunnskap om hvordan covid-19-pandemien påvirket ungdoms liv rett etter at pandemien kom til Norge. Vi vet derimot lite om ungdoms opplevelser etter at pandemien har vedvart lenger, og hvorvidt sosiodemografiske kjennetegn og omfang av smitte i kommunene spiller en rolle. Materiale og metode: Vi brukte spørreskjemadata fra 106 448 ungdoms- og videregående skoleelever som deltok i Ungdata-undersøkelsen i 165 kommuner våren 2021 (svarprosent 76). Ungdommenes svar om opplevelser under pandemien ble sammenstilt med covid-19-insidens på kommunenivå. Vi brukte kjikvadrat- og flernivåanalyser for å undersøke prediktorer for ungdommens opplevelser. Resultater: 49 % svarte at covid-19-pandemien påvirket livet delvis eller mye i negativ retning, mens 22 % rapporterte at pandemien påvirket dem i positiv retning. Mange rapporterte om negative forandringer på områdene jevnalderrelasjoner, familierelasjoner og psykisk helse, men en del rapporterte også om positive forandringer. Jenter, eldre ungdom, ungdom fra lav sosioøkonomisk bakgrunn og ungdom i kommuner med høyere smitteforekomst rapporterte om flere negative konsekvenser. Fortolkning: De fleste fortalte at pandemien har hatt flere negative enn positive konsekvenser. Jenter, eldre ungdom, ungdom med lav sosioøkonomisk bakgrunn og ungdom i kommuner med høyt smittetrykk kan være spesielt rammet av de negative effektene av pandemien. Hovedfunn: Omtrent ett år etter at covid-19 pandemien kom til Norge, svarte 49 % av ungdommene at pandemien påvirket livet delvis eller mye i negativ retning, mens 22 % rapporterte tilsvarende om positiv påvirkning. Jenter, eldre ungdom, og ungdom fra familier med lav sosioøkonomisk status rapporterte om mer negative konsekvenser av pandemien. Ungdom fra kommuner med høyere smitteforekomst rapporterte om mer negative konsekvenser av pandemien, selv etter kontroll for sosiodemografiske faktorer.

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• Soest, Tilmann von & Potočár, Libor (2026). Å vokse opp med foreldre som er sammen, har betydning lang inn i voksen alder. [Journal]. Aftenposten. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Forskerne fulgte over 3000 nordmenn fra de var rundt 15 til 43 år. De fant noen tydelige spor etter foreldrenes betydning.

• Soest, Tilmann von (2026). Dette hjelper mot ensomhet. [Internet]. nrk.no. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Nesten hele livet har Svein Arild Johnsen vært farlig ensom. Så fant han løsningen ekspertene hyller.

• Soest, Tilmann von (2026). I dag - Nyhetsmorgen - NRK Radio. [Radio]. NRK P2. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Soest, Tilmann von (2026). Dagsrevyen - NRK TV. [TV]. NRK 1. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Sommerjobb

• Soest, Tilmann von (2026). – Send barna i arbeid før idretten tar dem! – Aftenposten Podkast. doi: https:/www.aftenposten.no/podkast/ap/episode/138654. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  De som jobber tidlig i ungdomsårene, lyser det lang vei av, mener Aftenpostens skribent. Norske forskere har undersøkt nettopp dette. Har det noe å si? Med spaltist Per Asbjørn Risnes og forsker ved OsloMet og professor ved Universitetet i Oslo Tilmann von Soest. Foto: Heiko Junge, NTB

• Frøyland, Lars Roar; Løvgren, Mette & Soest, Tilmann von (2026). Patterns of Physical and Technology-Facilitated Sexual Violence in Youth. A Latent Class Analysis Approach. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Soest, Tilmann von (2025). Pønsj - NRK Radio. [Radio]. NRK P3. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Hvordan er det å være ung i Norge når det kommer til rus, sex og karriere? Det har vår gjest Tilmann von Soest forsket på.

• Pedersen, Willy; Frøyland, Lars Roar; Enstad, Frøydis & Soest, Tilmann von (2024). Stadig flere unge på vestkanten bruker kokain. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Soest, Tilmann Martin von (2023). Utenforskap blant barn og unge. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Norge topper statistikker over gode levekår. Men hvordan har egentlig barn og unge det i et av verdens beste land å bo i? For selv om mange har det bra gjelder ikke det alle. Sosiale forskjeller øker og faktorer som økonomi, familieforhold, vennskap, og skole henger sammen med frafall, utenforskap og dårlig psykisk helse. Hvordan står det til med disse faktorene blant norske barn og unge og hva vet vi om hvordan disse har utviklet seg de siste årene?

• Norbom, Linn Christin Bonaventure; Hanson, Jamie; Meer, Dennis van der; Ferschmann, Lia; Røysamb, Espen & Soest, Tilmann von [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Erratum to “Parental socioeconomic status is linked to cortical microstructure and language abilities in children and adolescents” [Dev. Cogn. Neurosci. 56C (2022) 101132] (Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience (2022) 56, (S1878929322000755), (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101132)). Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience. ISSN 1878-9293. 61. doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101225. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hegemann, Laura; Askeland, Ragna Bugge; Valand, Stian Barbo; Øyen, Anne-Siri; Schjølberg, Synnve & Bal, Vanessa Hus [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Measuring Autism-Associated Traits in the General Population: Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance across Sex and Diagnostic Status in the Social Communication Questionnaire. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Soest, Tilmann von (2023). «Kroppsskam»: − Gjelder flere unge enn eldre. [Journal]. VG.no. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Soest, Tilmann Martin von (2023). - Foreldrenes dårlige selvfølelse kan "smitte" over på barnet. [Journal]. Aftenposten. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Beck, Dani; Ferschmann, Lia; MacSweeney, Niamh; Fridman, Linn Bonaventure; Wiker, Thea & Aksnes, Eira Ranheim [Vis alle 15 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Puberty differentially predicts brain maturation in males and females: A longitudinal ABCD Study. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Soest, Tilmann Martin von (2023). The Gathering tilbake etter fire år – antall påmeldte nesten halvert. [Internet]. nrk.no. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Morken, Ida Sund; Viddal, Kristine Rensvik; Soest, Tilmann von & Wichstrøm, Lars (2023). Kjønnsforskjell i depresjon. Tidsskrift for Norsk psykologforening (Psykologtidsskriftet). ISSN 0332-6470. s. 303–305. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Kozák, Michal & Soest, Tilmann von (2023). Widening inequalities in adolescent well-being during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Nature Mental Health. 1, s. 530–531. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Garcia, Laura Cortes; Rodriguez-Cano, Ruben & Soest, Tilmann von (2023). Within-Person Prospective Associations between Cigarette Smoking and Disordered Eating: A 28-Year Prospective Study using Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Madsen, Ole Jacob; Eriksen, Ingunn Marie & Soest, Tilmann von (2022). Det stemmer ikke at unge i Norge blir stadig mer fornøyd med livet. Aftenposten (morgenutg. : trykt utg.). ISSN 0804-3116. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Soest, Tilmann von (2022). En av fire føler seg ensomme. Dette er ekspertenes råd for veien ut av ensomheten. [Journal]. Nettavisen. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Soest, Tilmann von (2022). Ekko - Positive koronanyheter. [Radio]. NRK P2. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Soest, Tilmann von (2022). Flere sliter psykisk — og en av tre har vært utsatt for sextrakassering. [Internet]. Khrono. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Soest, Tilmann von (2022). Ensomhet med Tilmann von Soest. [Internet]. Hverdagspsyken. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Soest, Tilmann von (2022). Dagsnytt 18. [Radio]. P2 og NRK 2. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Ulset, Vidar Sandsaunet & Soest, Tilmann von (2022). Posttraumatisk vekst under covid-19: Én av ti vokste i pandemien. [Journal]. Apollon. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Soest, Tilmann von (2022). Modererer flink pike-myten. [Journal]. Apollon. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Soest, Tilmann von (2022). 3 eksperter: Slik får du psykisk robuste barn. [Internet]. VG+. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Soest, Tilmann von (2022). Generasjon ensomhet: Syke og psyke med dårligere økonomi. [Internet]. Gjennom Glitter og Gråstein med Sofie & Anja (Podcast). Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Soest, Tilmann von (2022). Ensom? Ett grep gir umiddelbar effekt. [Internet]. Dagbladet Pluss. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Madsen, Ole Jacob; Eriksen, Ingunn Marie & Soest, Tilmann von (2022). Vesentlig å undersøke ungdommers mistrivsel. Aftenposten (morgenutg. : trykt utg.). ISSN 0804-3116. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Soest, Tilmann von (2022). Pandemien råka grupper ulikt. [Journal]. Universitas. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Soest, Tilmann von (2022). Studio 2. [Radio]. P2. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Fluit, Sam & Soest, Tilmann von (2022). Unge med dårlig selvfølelse er mer negative til likestilling og innvandrere som voksne. [Internet]. nrk.no. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Soest, Tilmann von (2022). Forskjellene mellom unge har økt under pandemien. [Internet]. forskning.no. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Soest, Tilmann von (2022). Folkeopplysningen - Psyk. [TV]. NRK TV. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Pedersen, Willy; Stefansen, Kari; Bakken, Anders & Soest, Tilmann von (2021). Ny studie: Digitale overgrep er nå er nesten like vanlige som fysiske. s. 35–35. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Madsen, Ole Jacob & Soest, Tilmann von (2021). En plaget ungdomsgenerasjon? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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