Christopher Lord

Professor
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Visiting address Gaustadalléen 30A Floor UE 0373 Oslo
Postal address ARENA - Centre for European Studies P. O. Box 1143 Blindern 0318 Oslo

Academic Interests

Christopher Lord’s main fields of academic interest include the study of democracy, legitimacy and the European Union.

He has done considerable research on questions of legitimacy, democracy and the European Union, and has published extensively on the topic. He has also worked on topics such as the history of British relations to the European Communities, EU foreign policy, political economy of monetary union and political parties in the EU.

Background

Christopher Lord was Professor and Head of Department of Politics at the University of Reading from 2004-2008. Previous positions include Professor of European Politics at the University of Leeds where he held the Jean Monnet Chair in European Politics. Christopher Lord holds a PhD in International Relations from the LSE (1990) and a MA in Philosophy, Politics and Economics from the University of Oxford.

Projects

Christopher Lord is the coordinator for "The Post-Crisis Legitimacy of the European Union" (PLATO), an Innovative Training Network (ITN) that brings together 15 PhD researchers, nine university partners and eleven training partners in a major new project aimed at rethinking theory of legitimation crisis. The project is financed by Horizon 2020 (Marie Skłodowska-Curie Action). 

Furthermore, Lord is leader of the work package “Economic development as segmentation?” (until December 2018) of the five-year long EuroDiv project. EuroDiv is financed by the Research Council of Norway’s research initiative ‘Europe in Transition’ (EUROPA). The project studies the crisis and analyses the sustainability and democratic legitimacy of ongoing transformations in Europe. By distinguishing segmentation from the more widely used conception of differentiated integration, integration and disintegration is analysed simultaneously in order to better understand the present crisis developments.

Lord has a continuing interest in the question of how to conduct a Democratic Audit of the European Union, based on a set of ten democratic indicators. These are presented at the Democratic Audit Website, which aims to provoke discussion about indicators and data sources which might be used to assess how democratic the European Union is. The work on Democratic Audit started under the RECON project.

He participated in the Norwegian Research Council-funded project EuroTrans - The Transformation and Sustainability of the European Political Order.

Furthermore, Christopher Lord chaired the 3rd work-package 'Representation and Institutional Make-up' of the 5-year long ARENA-led and EU Commission funded (€ 5 million) research project RECON – Reconstituting Democracy in Europe (RECON), which had 19 partner universities across Europe.
 

Tags: Democracy, Legitimacy, Representation, European Parliament, European integration, Institutions, European Union, Brexit

Publications

Books

  • Evas, Tatjana; Liebert, Ulrike & Lord, Christopher (ed.) (2012). Multilayered Representation in the European Union. Parliaments, Courts and the Public Sphere. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft.
  • Lord, Christopher & Harris, E D (2006). Democracy in the new Europe. Palgrave Macmillan
  • Lord, C. (2004) A Democratic Audit of the European Union, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Lord, C. (1998) Democracy in the European Union, London, UACES.
  • Beetham, D. and Lord, C. (1998) Legitimacy and the European Union, London: Longman.
  • Hix, S. and Lord, C. (1997) Political Parties and the European Union, Basingstoke, Macmillan.


Articles and chapters

  • Lord, Christopher (2018). The legitimacy of exits from the European Union, in Richard Bellamy; Joseph Lacey & Kalypso Nicolaidis (ed.), European Boundaries in Question (Journal of European Integration Special Issues). Routledge. ISBN 9781138576780. 
  • Lord, Christopher (2017). Chapter 13: Segmentation, Differentiation and the Aims of European Integration, in Andreas Grimmel (ed.), The Crisis of the European Union Challenges, Analyses, Solutions. Routledge. ISBN 9781138215641.
  • Lord, Christopher (2017). The legitimacy of exits from the European Union. Journal of European Integration 39(5), p.499- 513. ISSN 0703-6337. doi: 10.1080/07036337.2017.1333117
  • de Wilde, Pieter & Lord, Christopher (2016). Assessing actually-existing trajectories of EU politicisation. West European Politics 39(1), p.145-163. ISSN 0140-2382. doi: 10.1080/01402382.2015.1081508
  • Leruth, Benjamin & Lord, Christopher (2015). Differentiated integration in the European Union: a concept, a process, a system or a theory? Journal of European Public Policy 22(6), p.754-763. ISSN 1350-1763. 
  • Lord, Christopher (2015). Chapter 12: The United Kingdom, a once and future (?) non-member state, in Erik Oddvar Eriksen & John Erik Fossum (ed.) The European Union's non-members: Independence under hegemony? Routledge. ISBN 9781138922457. 
  • Lord, Christopher (2015). Utopia or dystopia? Towards a normative analysis of differentiated integration. Journal of European Public Policy 22(6), s 783-798. ISSN 1350-1763. doi: 10.1080/13501763.2015.1020839
  • Lord, Christopher (2014). On the parliamentary control of a reformed monetary union?, in John Erik Fossum & Agustin Jose Menendez (ed.), The European Union in crises or the European Union as crises? ARENA Centre for European Studies. Chapter 14, p.611-673.
  • Lord, Christopher (2014). Problems of Compound Representation in the European Union After Lisbon, in François Foret & Yann-Sven Rittelmeyer (ed.)  The European Council and European Governance: The Commanding Heights of the EU.  Routledge. Chapter 10, p.167- 185
  • Lord, Christopher (2013). A European Re-invention of Indirect Legitimacy? , In Dominik Zaum (ed.),  Legitimating International Organizations.  Oxford University Press. Chapter 9, 179- 195
  • Lord, C. (2013) 'No representation without justification? Appraising standards of justification in European Parliament debates' Journal of European Public Policy 20(2): 243-259.
  • Lord, C. and Pollak, J. (2013) 'Unequal but democratic? Equality according to Karlsruhe', Journal of European Public Policy 20(2): 190-205.
  • Lord, C. (2012) 'A democratic achievement and not just a democratic deficit', in H. Zimmermann and A. Dür (eds) Key Controversies in European Integration, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 71-79.
  • Lord, C. (2011) 'Polecats, Lions and Foxes: Coasian Bargaining Theory and attempts to legitimate the Union as a Constrained form of Political Power', European Political Science Review 3(1): 83-102.
  • Lord, C. (2011) 'The political theory and practice of parliamentary participation in the Common Security and Defence Policy', Journal of European Public Policy 18(8): 1133-1150.
  • Lord, C. (2011) 'The European Parliament and the legitimation of agencification', Journal of European Public Policy 18(6): 909-925
  • Lord, C. and Pollak, J. (2010) ‘The EU’s Many Representative Modes: Colliding? Cohering?’, Journal of European Public Policy 17(1): 117-36.
  • Lord, C. (2008) ‘Two Constitutionalisms? A Comparison of British and French attempts to legitimise the Constitutional Treaty’, Journal of European Public Policy 15(7): 1001-18.
  • Lord, C. (2007) ‘Contested Meanings, Democracy Assessment and the European Union’, Comparative European Politics (5)1: 70-86.
  • Lord, C. (2006) ‘Democracy and the European Union, Matching Means to Standards’, Democratization 13(4): 668-684.
  • Lord, C. and Magnette, P. (2004) ‘E Pluribus Unum? Creative Disagreement about Legitimacy in the EU’, Journal of Common Market Studies 42(1): 183-202.
  • Trondal, Jarle; Svendsen, Øyvind; Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie; Olsen, Espen Daniel Hagen; Leiren, Merethe Dotterud & Farsund, Arild Aurvåg [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2023). Flexible Association in Foreign, Security, and Defence Policy: A case of gradually diminishing autonomy? Norway’s EU Experience and Lessons for the UK: On Autonomy and Wriggle Room. Routledge. ISSN 9781003246961.
  • Trondal, Jarle; Svendsen, Øyvind; Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie; Olsen, Espen Daniel Hagen; Leiren, Merethe Dotterud & Farsund, Arild Aurvåg [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2023). Not Much Wriggle Room: Brexit and the Norway model, Norway’s EU Experience and Lessons for the UK: On Autonomy and Wriggle Room. Routledge. ISSN 9781003246961.
  • Trondal, Jarle; Svendsen, Øyvind; Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie; Olsen, Espen Daniel Hagen; Leiren, Merethe Dotterud & Farsund, Arild Aurvåg [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2023). Global Trade and Development: The challenge of translating legal wriggle room into autonomy, Norway’s EU Experience and Lessons for the UK: On Autonomy and Wriggle Room. Routledge. ISSN 9781003246961.
  • Fossum, John Erik; Lord, Christopher James; Farstad, Fay Madeleine; Farsund, Arild Aurvåg; Leiren, Merethe Dotterud & Olsen, Espen Daniel Hagen [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2023). Autonomy Under Complex Interdependence: The case of Norway and lessons for Brexit? Norway’s EU Experience and Lessons for the UK: On Autonomy and Wriggle Room. Routledge. ISSN 9781003246961.
  • Lord, Christopher James (2023). Representation without a Demos? A very European Democratic Dilemma. In Bremberg, Niklas & Norman, Ludvig (Ed.), Dilemmas of European Democracy. New Perspectives on Democratic Politics in the European Union. Edinburgh University Press. ISSN 9781399511933. p. 28–55.
  • Lord, Christopher James (2023). Conflicting Sovereignties and the Sustainability of the Brexit State. In Rone, Julia; Brack, Nathalie; Coman, Ramona & Crespy, Aamandine (Ed.), Sovereignty in Conflict. Political, Constitutional and Economic Dilemmas in the EU. Palgrave Macmillan. ISSN 978-3-031-27731-3. p. 23–45.
  • Lord, Christopher James & Fossum, John Erik (2023). Introduction to the European Union and Brexit. In Lord, Christopher James & Fossum, John Erik (Ed.), Handbook on the European Union and Brexit. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISSN 978 1 83910 068 0. p. 1–24.
  • Lord, Christopher James (2023). The European Parliament and Brexit. In Lord, Christopher James & Fossum, John Erik (Ed.), Handbook on the European Union and Brexit. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISSN 978 1 83910 068 0. p. 178–191.
  • Lord, Christopher James (2022). The many Actors of Direct and Indirect Legitimation. In Lord, Christopher James; Bursens, Peter; Biévre, Dirk De; Trondal, Jarle & Wessel, Ramses A. (Ed.), The Politics of Legitimation in the European Union. Legitimacy Recovered?. Routledge. ISSN 9781032101408. p. 281–295.
  • Biévre, Dirk De; Bursens, Peter; Lord, Christopher James; Trondal, Jarle & Wessel, Ramses A. (2022). Concluding Reflections: (Re)Legitimation by Institutional Design. In Lord, Christopher James; Bursens, Peter; Biévre, Dirk De; Trondal, Jarle & Wessel, Ramses A. (Ed.), The Politics of Legitimation in the European Union. Legitimacy Recovered?. Routledge. ISSN 9781032101408.
  • Lord, Christopher James (2021). Democracy at the EU level. Folly or Necessity? More work for a directly elected European Parliament? European Law Journal. ISSN 1351-5993. doi: 10.1111/eulj.12402. Full text in Research Archive
  • Lord, Christopher James (2021). Referendums and Democratic Theory. In Smith, Julie (Eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of Referendums. Palgrave Macmillan. ISSN 978-3-030-55803-1. p. 29–48.
  • Lord, Christopher James (2021). Power, Money Knowledge and the European Central Bank. In Eriksen, Erik Oddvar (Eds.), The Accountability of Expertise: Making the Un-Elected Safe for Democracy. Routledge. ISSN 9781003175490.
  • Lord, Christopher James (2021). Autonomy or Domination? Two Faces of Differentiated Integration. Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft. ISSN 1424-7755. 27(3), p. 546–562. doi: 10.1111/spsr.12472. Full text in Research Archive
  • Lord, Christopher (2021). Legitimacy Crisis in the European Union. In Brack, Nathalie & Gürkan, Seda (Ed.), Theorising the Crises of the European Union. Routledge. ISSN 9780367431402.
  • Lord, Christopher James (2020). Integration through differentiation and segmentation: the case of one member state from 1950 to Brexit (and beyond). In Fossum, John Erik & Batora, Jozef (Ed.), Towards a Segmented European Political Order. The European Union's Post-crises Conundrum. Routledge. ISSN 9781138495333. p. 243–264.
  • Deville, Marion & Lord, Christopher (2020). Parliaments as places of discourse. In Benoît, Cyril & Rozenberg, Olivier (Ed.), Handbook of Parliamentary Studies. Interdisciplinary Approaches to Legislatures. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISSN 9781789906509. p. 465–478. doi: 10.4337/9781789906516.00036.
  • Lord, Christopher (2020). Lessons from the past? The 1954 Association Agreement between the UK and the European Coal and Steel Community. In Westlake, Martin (Eds.), Outside the EU. Options for Britain. Agenda Publishing. ISSN 9781788213127.
  • Lord, Christopher (2020). Integration through Differentiation and Segmentation: The Case of one Member State from 1950 to Brexit (and Beyond). In Fossum, John Erik & Batora, Jozef (Ed.), Towards a Segmented European Political Order. The European Union's Post-crises Conundrum. Routledge. ISSN 9781138495333.
  • Lord, Christopher (2019). How can interparliamentary cooperation contribute to the legitimacy of the EU as an international actor? In Raube, Kolja; Müftüler-Bac, Meltem & Wouters, Jan (Ed.), Parliamentary Cooperation and Diplomacy in EU External Relations. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISSN 9781786438850. p. 105–119. doi: 10.4337/9781786438850.00015.
  • Lord, Christopher (2019). No epistocracy without representation? The case of the European Central Bank. In Krick, Eva & Holst, Cathrine (Ed.), Experts and Democratic Legitimacy. Tracing the Social Ties of Expert Bodies in Europe. Routledge. ISSN 9780367427535. doi: 10.1080/23745118.2018.1515868.
  • Lord, Christopher (2019). No epistocracy without representation? The case of the European Central Bank. European Politics and Society. ISSN 2374-5118. 20(1), p. 1–15. doi: 10.1080/23745118.2018.1515868. Full text in Research Archive
  • Lord, Christopher & Deville, Marion (2018). Le parlement: l'État, des lieux, du discours. In Thiers, Eric & Rozenberg, Olivier (Ed.), Traité d'études parlementaires. Bruylant. ISSN 9782802760481. p. 637–656.
  • Lord, Christopher (2018). The UK and European "centre formation" from 1950 to brexit. Geopolitics, History, and International Relations. ISSN 1948-9145. 10(1), p. 46–78. doi: 10.22381/GHIR10120183. Full text in Research Archive
  • Lord, Christopher (2018). The European Parliament: a working parliament without a public? The Journal of Legislative Studies. ISSN 1357-2334. 24(1), p. 34–50. doi: 10.1080/13572334.2018.1444624.
  • Lord, Christopher (2018). Exploring the connection between knowledge and democracy. In Holst, Cathrine; Warat, Marta & Góra, Magdalena (Ed.), Expertisation and Democracy in Europe. Routledge. ISSN 978-1138288232. p. 17–32. doi: 10.4324/9781315268033-2.
  • Lord, Christopher (2017). Segmentation, Differentiation and the Aims of European Integration. In Grimmel, Andreas (Eds.), The Crisis of the European Union Challenges, Analyses, Solutions. Routledge. ISSN 9781138215641. doi: 10.4324/9781315443683-14.
  • Lord, Christopher (2017). How can Parliaments contribute to the Legitimacy of the European Semester? Parliamentary Affairs. ISSN 0031-2290. 70(4), p. 673–690. doi: 10.1093/pa/gsx017. Full text in Research Archive
  • Lord, Christopher (2017). Legitimacy and Democracy. In Smith, Michael; Vanhoonacker, Sophie & Hill, Christopher (Ed.), International Relations and the European Union. Oxford University Press. ISSN 9780198737322. doi: 10.1093/oso/9780198732624.003.0008.
  • Lord, Christopher (2017). The legitimacy of exits from the European Union. Journal of European Integration. ISSN 0703-6337. 39(5), p. 499–513. doi: 10.1080/07036337.2017.1333117. Full text in Research Archive
  • Lord, Christopher (2017). An indirect legitimacy argument for a directly elected European Parliament. European Journal of Political Research. ISSN 0304-4130. 56(3), p. 512–528. doi: 10.1111/1475-6765.12204. Full text in Research Archive
  • de Wilde, Pieter & Lord, Christopher (2017). Assessing Actually-Existing Trajectories of EU Politicisation. In de Wilde, Pieter; Leupold, Anna & Schmidtke, Henning (Ed.), The Differentiated Politicisation of European Governance. Routledge. ISSN 978-1-138-69521-4. p. 143–161. doi: 10.1080/01402382.2015.1081508.
  • de Wilde, Pieter & Lord, Christopher (2016). Assessing actually-existing trajectories of EU politicisation. West European Politics. ISSN 0140-2382. 39(1), p. 145–163. doi: 10.1080/01402382.2015.1081508.
  • Lord, Christopher (2015). The United Kingdom, a once and future (?) non-member state. In Eriksen, Erik Oddvar & Fossum, John Erik (Ed.), The European Union's non-members: Independence under hegemony?. Routledge. ISSN 9781138922457. doi: 10.4324/9781315751030-12.
  • Lord, Christopher (2015). Utopia or dystopia? Towards a normative analysis of differentiated integration. Journal of European Public Policy. ISSN 1350-1763. 22(6), p. 783–798. doi: 10.1080/13501763.2015.1020839. Full text in Research Archive
  • Lord, Christopher (2014). On the parliamentary control of a reformed monetary union? In Fossum, John Erik & Menendez, Agustin Jose (Ed.), The European Union in crises or the European Union as crises?. ARENA Centre for European Studies. ISSN 978-82-93137-46-7. p. 611–637.

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  • Riddervold, Marianne; Fossum, John Erik; Lord, Christopher James; Farstad, Fay Madeleine; Farsund, Arild Aurvåg & Leiren, Merethe Dotterud [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2023). Autonomy and Wriggle Room, Norway’s EU Experience and Lessons for the UK: On Autonomy and Wriggle Room. Routledge. ISSN 9781003246961.
  • Fossum, John Erik; Lord, Christopher James & Leiren, Merethe Dotterud (2023). Books on Brexit: John Erik Fossum, Christopher Lord and Merethe Dotterud Leiren .
  • Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie; Fossum, John Erik; Leiren, Merethe Dotterud; Farsund, Arild Aurvåg; Trondal, Jarle & Lord, Christopher James (2023). Britain’s post-Brexit illusion of sovereignty and the lessons it can learn from Norway.
  • Haugevik, Kristin M.; Svendsen, Øyvind & Lord, Christopher James (2023). Brexit, "globale Storbritannia" og Norge.
  • Fossum, John Erik; Lord, Christopher James & Dotterud, Merethe Leiren (2022). ‘Good Neighbours? The UK and Europe After Brexit: Episode 5” 26 August 2022.
  • Fossum, John Erik; Lord, Christopher James & Leiren, Merethe Dotterud (2022). Episode 5 of the podcast series ‘Good Neighbours? The UK and Europe after Brexit'. [Internet]. Soundcloud.
  • Lord, Christopher James; Bursens, Peter; Biévre, Dirk De; Trondal, Jarle & Wessel, Ramses A. (2022). Introduction. In Lord, Christopher James; Bursens, Peter; Biévre, Dirk De; Trondal, Jarle & Wessel, Ramses A. (Ed.), The Politics of Legitimation in the European Union. Legitimacy Recovered?. Routledge. ISSN 9781032101408.
  • Fossum, John Erik & Lord, Christopher James (2021). introduction on the new challenges associated with the altered context of Norway‐EU‐UK relations and some reflections on Norwegian wiggle‐room.
  • Lord, Christopher James (2021). From Consent to Obligation. Rethinking the Indirect Legitimation of the European Union by Member State Democracies.
  • Lord, Christopher James (2021). Autonomy or Domination? Two Faces of Differentiated Integration.
  • Lord, Christopher James (2021). Autonomy or Domination? The two faces of Differentiated Integration.
  • Lord, Christopher James (2021). Is the European Union sufficiently democratic?
  • Lord, Christopher (2020). Conflicting Sovereignties and the Brexit state.
  • Lord, Christopher (2020). An Indirect Legitimacy Argument for Representation Beyond the State.
  • Lord, Christopher (2019). Brexit and the European political order.
  • Lord, Christopher (2019). Money as power. Implications for ECB Independence and Epistocracy.
  • Lord, Christopher (2019). Populism and the European Parliament Elections 2019.
  • Lord, Christopher (2019). Interdemocracy Externalities and Collective Will Formation.
  • Lord, Christopher (2019). Power, Stateness and Legitimacy Crisis in the European Union.
  • Lord, Christopher (2019). Power, Money and Knowledge. The Case of the European Central Bank.
  • Lord, Christopher (2019). Presentation to the Defence Sub-Commitee of the European Parliament on accountability and the Common Security and Defence Policy.
  • Lord, Christopher (2019). Conference paper on Justice, Legitimacy and Differentiated Inegration.
  • Lord, Christopher (2018). Referendums and Democratic Theory.
  • Lord, Christopher (2018). The European Parliament: A Working Parliament without a Public?
  • Eriksen, Erik Oddvar & Lord, Christopher (2018). Brexit og EU-kunnskapen. Dagsavisen. ISSN 1503-2892.
  • Lord, Christopher (2018). LSE Blog: The Brexit vote has only deepened the political and social divisions within British society .
  • Lord, Christopher (2018). Status of Brexit.
  • Lord, Christopher (2018). The Brexit debate: What role for the EES?
  • Lord, Christopher (2017). Three Models of Legitimacy Crisis.
  • Lord, Christopher (2017). On Brexit (the panel "Looking in, looking out: Brexit and Britain's European partners).
  • Lord, Christopher (2017). Why there is no justification for parliaments playing a lesser role in external rather than internal decisions.
  • Lord, Christopher (2017). Democratic Assessment and Illiberal Democracy.
  • Lord, Christopher (2017). Brexit, historical responsibility and the legitimacy of withdrawals from the European Union. Are there any implications for global justice?
  • Lord, Christopher (2017). Crisis and Disintegration: The Paradigmatic Case of the United Kingdom.
  • Eldholm, Marit; Eriksen, Erik Oddvar & Lord, Christopher (2016). Democracy lost for non-members of the European Union. [Internet]. sciencenordic.com.
  • Lord, Christopher (2016). Brexit, Historical Responsibility and the Legitimacy of Withdrawals from the European Union.
  • Lord, Christopher (2016). Crisis and disintegration: The paradigmatic case of the United Kingdom .
  • Lord, Christopher (2016). Crisis, differentiation, democratic governance, monetary union and Brexit.
  • Lord, Christopher (2016). Parliaments, Foreign Policy and Diplomacy.
  • Lord, Christopher (2016). Presentation to DNB Bank on Brexit.
  • Lord, Christopher (2016). Debating Brexit.
  • Lord, Christopher (2016). Indirect Legitimacy and the European Parliament.
  • Lord, Christopher & Eldholm, Marit (2015). Brexit and the UK’s future. [Internet]. sciencenordic.com.
  • Eldholm, Marit; Lord, Christopher; Eriksen, Erik Oddvar & Fossum, John Erik (2015). Britenes fire valg etter Brexit. [Internet]. Forskning.no.
  • Eriksen, Erik Oddvar; Fossum, John Erik & Lord, Christopher (2015). Is Brexit akin to Independence under Hegemony?
  • Lord, Christopher (2015). Democracy, Expertise and Power.
  • Lord, Christopher (2015). Falling out of love With Norway? Norway in the Brexit debate.
  • Lord, Christopher (2015). The United Kingdom and the European Union: Four Futures.
  • Lord, Christopher (2015). Externalities and Representation Beyond the State. Lessons from the European Union.
  • Lord, Christopher (2015). Which Parliaments should exercise control over a changing Monetary Union?
  • Lord, Christopher (2015). Norway and Switzerland in the Brexit debate.
  • Lord, Christopher (2015). The European Parliament and the Indirect Legitimacy of the European Union.
  • Lord, Christopher (2014). The Legitimacy of Monetary Union. New Challenges.
  • Lord, Christopher (2014). Experiments in Democratic Auditing.
  • Lord, Christopher (2014). An Indirect Legitimacy Argument for a Directly Elected European Parliament.
  • Lord, Christopher (2014). Social Justice, Democracy and European Integration.
  • Lord, Christopher (2014). A Plague on all their Houses? Neither Majone, nor Føllesdal/Hix, and, perhaps, not even Sabel/Zeitlin.
  • Lord, Christopher (2014). An Indirect Legitimacy argument for a Directly Elected European Parliament. Paper presented to Pademia Conference, Brussels, 12-13 June 2014.
  • Lord, Christopher (2017). Fragmentation, Segmentation and Centre Formation Some Thoughts on the UK and European Integration from 1950 to Brexit. University of Oslo/ ARENA Centre for European Studies. ISSN 0805-5130. 2017(3).

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Published July 23, 2010 9:39 AM - Last modified Mar. 20, 2023 1:14 PM