-
Andresen, Martin Eckhoff
(2022).
Firm response to thin capitalization rules: The importance of escape clauses.
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Andresen, Martin Eckhoff
(2022).
Firm response to thin capitalization rules: The importance of escape clauses
.
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Andresen, Martin Eckhoff
(2022).
The final straw: High school dropout for marginal students.
-
Andresen, Martin Eckhoff
(2021).
The final straw: High school dropout for marginal students.
-
Andresen, Martin Eckhoff
(2020).
What causes the child penalty? Evidence from same-sex and adopting couples.
-
Andresen, Martin Eckhoff
(2020).
High school dropout for marginal students: Evidence from randomized exam form.
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Andresen, Martin Eckhoff
(2020).
Hva koster det å stenge utdanningssektoren? Beregning av kostnader av smittevernstiltak mot COVID-19 for humankapital, studieprogresjon og produktivitet.
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Andresen, Martin Eckhoff
(2020).
High school dropout for marginal students: Evidence from randomized exam form.
-
Andresen, Martin Eckhoff
(2020).
Rentebegrensningsregelen: En empirisk evaluering.
-
Andresen, Martin Eckhoff
(2019).
What causes the child penalty and how may it be reduced? Evidence from same sex couples and policy reforms.
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Andresen, Martin Eckhoff
(2019).
Curbing profit shifting: Evaluating Norway's thin capitalization rules.
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Andresen, Martin Eckhoff
(2019).
What causes the child penalty? Evidence from same sex couples and policy reforms
.
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Huitfeldt, Ingrid Marie Schaumburg; Andresen, Martin Eckhoff & Sterri, Aksel Braanen
(2019).
Ammeråd og foreldrepermisjon.
Aftenposten (morgenutg. : trykt utg.).
ISSN 0804-3116.
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Huitfeldt, Ingrid Marie Schaumburg; Andresen, Martin Eckhoff & Sterri, Aksel Braanen
(2019).
Gi gjerne pupp, men ikke for helsegevinstene.
Aftenposten (morgenutg. : trykt utg.).
ISSN 0804-3116.
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Huitfeldt, Ingrid Marie Schaumburg; Andresen, Martin Eckhoff & Sterri, Aksel Braanen
(2019).
Det meste du blir fortalt om amming, kan være feil.
Aftenposten (morgenutg. : trykt utg.).
ISSN 0804-3116.
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Huitfeldt, Ingrid Marie Schaumburg; Andresen, Martin Eckhoff & Sterri, Aksel Braanen
(2019).
Hva kan vi forvente av en tredelt foreldrepermisjon?
Aftenposten (morgenutg. : trykt utg.).
ISSN 0804-3116.
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Andresen, Martin Eckhoff & Løkken, Sturla Andreas Kise
(2019).
High school dropout for marginal students:
Evidence from randomized exam form.
Discussion papers.
ISSN 1892-753X.
Vis sammendrag
We exploit the assignment of exam form in a high-stakes Norwegian high school exam to estimate the impact of exam form on exam results, later school performance, graduation and longer run outcomes. Results indicate that written exams significantly reduce exam grades and reduce the
probability of passing relative to the alternative oral exam, particularly for initially low-performing
students. Because passing the exam is mandatory to obtain a high school diploma, this translates into reduced high school graduation rates that remain significant over time, permanently shifting a group of marginal students to drop out of high school entirely. IV estimates on labor market earnings are close to zero, but these results are too imprecise to draw firm conclusions.
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Andresen, Martin Eckhoff & Nix, Emily
(2019).
What Causes the Child Penalty?
Evidence from Same Sex Couples and Policy Reforms
.
Discussion papers.
ISSN 1892-753X.
Vis sammendrag
Women experience significant reductions in labor market income following the birth of children, while their male partners experience no such income drops. This “relative child penalty” has been well documented and accounts for a significant amount of the gender income gap. In this paper we do two things. First, we use a simple household model to better understand the potential mechanisms driving the child penalty, which include gender norms around child care, female preferences for child care, efficient specialization within households, and the biological cost of giving birth. The model, combined with the estimated child penalties for heterosexual and same sex couples, suggests that the child penalty experienced by women in heterosexual couples is primarily explained by female
preferences for child care and gender norms, with a smaller contribution due to the biological costs of
giving birth. Second, we provide causal estimates on the impact of two family policies aimed at reducing the relative child penalty: paternity leave and subsidized early child care. Our precise and robust regression discontinuity results show no significant impact of paternity leave use on the relative child penalty. Early subsidized care seems to have more promise as a policy tool for affecting child penalties, as we find a 25% reduction in child penalties per year of child care use from a large Norwegian reform that expanded access to child care.
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Andresen, Martin Eckhoff
(2018).
Exploring Marginal Treatment Effects: Flexible estimation using Stata
.
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Andresen, Martin Eckhoff
(2018).
Instrument-based estimation with binarized treatments: Issues and tests for the exclusion restriction.
-
Andresen, Martin Eckhoff & Huber, Martin
(2018).
Instrument-based estimation with binarized treatments: Issues and tests for the exclusion restriction.
Working papers SES.
Vis sammendrag
When estimating local average and marginal treatment effects using instrumental variables (IV), multivalued endogenous treatments are frequently binarized based on a specific threshold in treatment support. However, such binarization introduces a violation of the IV exclusion if (i) the IV affects the multivalued treatment within support areas below and/or above the threshold and (ii) such IV-induced changes in the multivalued treatment affect the outcome. We discuss assumptions that satisfy the IV exclusion restriction with the binarized treatment and permit identifying the average effect of (i) the
binarized treatment and (ii) unit-level increases in the original multivalued treatment among specific compliers. We derive testable implications of these assumptions and propose tests, which we apply to the estimation of the returns to (binary) college graduation instrumented by college proximity.
Keywords: Instrumental variable, LATE, binarized treatment, test, exclusion restriction, MTE
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Andresen, Martin Eckhoff & Havnes, Tarjei
(2018).
Child care, parental labor supply and tax revenue
.
Discussion papers.
ISSN 1892-753X.
Vis sammendrag
We study the impact of child care for toddlers on the labor supply of mothers and fathers in Norway.
For identification, we exploit the staggered expansion across municipalities following a large reform from 2002. Our IV-estimates indicate that child care use causes an increase in the labor supply of mothers. Results suggest that cohabiting mothers move towards full time employment, while single mothers move to part time. Meanwhile, we find no impact for fathers or grandparents. We also find
an increase in the taxes paid from cohabiting mothers, lending some support to the argument that parts of the cost of child care is offset by increased taxes.
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Andresen, Martin Eckhoff
(2015).
Dagsnytt 18: BSU bør avvikles, debatt med Kristian Tonning Riise.
[Radio].
NRK.
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Andresen, Martin Eckhoff
(2015).
Women and Children First? Labor market effects of universal child care for toddlers.
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Andresen, Martin Eckhoff & Berge, Tarald Laudal
(2015).
BSU-ordningen bør avvikles.
Dagbladet.
ISSN 0805-3766.
-
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Andresen, Martin Eckhoff
(2014).
Andresen, Martin and Tarjei Havnes: Women and Children First? Labor market effects of universal child care for toddlers, Research presentation at "Careers, wages and women" conference, 11.10.2014.
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Andresen, Martin Eckhoff
(2014).
Betydningsløs rett til barnehageplass.
Samfunnsøkonomen.
ISSN 1890-5250.
128(9),
s. 28–33.
Vis sammendrag
Siden 2009 har barn født før 1. september hatt lovfestet rett til barnehageplass fra august det året de fyller ett. Denne retten har frembrakt debatt og frykt for å måtte tilpasse fødsler blant foreldre. Ved hjelp av data på alle søknader og tildelinger av barnehageplasser i Oslo i 2009 viser jeg at denne frykten er uberettiget: Det ser ikke ut til å være noen diskontinuitet i barnehagestart rundt grensa. Relativt høy dekningsgrad kombinert med ett årlig opptak gjør at sannsynligheten for å få barnehageplass i liten grad påvirkes av om man har lovfestet rett til plass.
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Andresen, Martin Eckhoff & Bø, Erlend Eide
(2022).
Verdsetting av unoterte selskaper
.
Statistisk sentralbyrå,.
ISSN 978-82-587-1571-6.
Vis sammendrag
God statistikk over formue er sentralt for offisiell statistikk, forskning og som skattebase for formuesskatten. Norge er et av få land i OECD som fortsatt har en formuesskatt, og prinsippet for
fastsettelsen av skattebasen for denne skatten er at formuesobjekter verdsettes til markedsverdi.
For enkelte formuesobjekter er denne markedsverdien vanskelig å fastsette, slik at det for eksempel
for bolig benyttes sjablongmessige beregnede markedsverdier i tillegg til en stor verdsettingsrabatt
på primærbolig.
Dette gjelder også for unoterte aksjer, som omsettes så sjelden mellom urelaterte parter at det er
vanskelig å si hva markedsverdien er. Derfor opererer man for unoterte aksjer med et grunnprinsipp om at disse verdsettes til aksjens andel av den bokførte verdien av selskapets egenkapital,
med unntak for enkelte formuesobjekter eiet av selskap. En større litteratur tyder imidlertid på at
markedsverdien av unoterte aksjer kan være flere så stor som den bokførte verdien. Dersom dette
er tilfellet, har det store konsekvenser for forskning, offisiell statistikk, økoomisk effektivitet og skatt.
Eksempelvis kan statistikken over formuesusulikhet være for lav fordi unoterte aksjer er konsentrert
på toppen av formuesfordelingen og skatteprovenyet kan bli redusert i forhold til en situasjon med
mer korrekt verdsetting. Undervurdering av formuesverdien for unoterte aksjer kan også gi incentiver til å vri investeringer over til unoterte aksjer fra andre formuesobjekter og mot å børsnotere
selskaper og medfølgende tap av økonomisk effektivitet. Innføringen av verdsettingsrabatter for
unoterte aksjer fra og med 2017 kan forsterke disse problemene.
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Andresen, Martin Eckhoff
(2021).
Hva koster det å stenge utdanningssektoren? Impact case.
Statistisk sentralbyrå.
ISSN 978-82-587-1353-8.
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Bensnes, Simon Søbstad; Løkken, Sturla Andreas Kise & Andresen, Martin Eckhoff
(2020).
Hva koster det å stenge utdanningssektoren?
Statistisk Sentralbyrå.
ISSN 978-82-587-1111-4.
-
Andresen, Martin Eckhoff & Kvamme, Frida
(2019).
Rentebegrensingsregelen: En empirisk evalueriung.
Statistisk sentralbyrå.
ISSN 978-82-587-1042-1.
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Havnes, Tarjei & Andresen, Martin Eckhoff
(2018).
Child Care, Parental Labor Supply and Tax Revenue.
IZA - Institute of Labor Economics.
ISSN 2365-9793.
Vis sammendrag
We study the impact of child care for toddlers on the labor supply of mothers and fathers in Norway. For identification, we exploit the staggered expansion across municipalities following a large reform from 2002. Our IV-estimates indicate that child care use causes an increase in the labor supply of mothers. Results suggest that cohabiting mothers move towards full time employment, while single mothers move to part time. Meanwhile, we find no impact for fathers or grandparents. We also find an increase in the taxes paid from cohabiting mothers, lending some support to the argument that parts of the cost of child care is offset by increased taxes.