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Nyborg, Karine & Brekke, Kjell Arne
(2023).
Moral responsibility as a driver of polarization.
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Diekert, Florian Klaus & Brekke, Kjell Arne
(2019).
Groups discipline resource use under scarcity.
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Wiborg, Vegard Sjurseike; Brekke, Kjell Arne & Nyborg, Karine
(2018).
Collaboration, Alphabetical Order and Gender Discrimination - Evidence from the Lab.
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Wiborg, Vegard Sjurseike; Brekke, Kjell Arne & Nyborg, Karine
(2018).
Collaboration, Alphabetical Order and Gender Discrimination - Evidence from the Lab.
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Nyborg, Karine; Brekke, Kjell Arne; Hauge, Karen Evelyn & Lind, Jo Thori
(2018).
The Good, the Bad and the Conditional: økonomiske eksperimenter om samarbeidsevne i grupper.
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Nyborg, Karine; Brekke, Kjell Arne; Lind, Jo Thori & Hauge, Karen Evelyn
(2018).
The Good, the Bad and the Conditional: Sustaining Cooperation through Self-Sorting.
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Nyborg, Karine; Brekke, Kjell Arne; Hauge, Karen Evelyn & Lind, Jo Thori
(2018).
The Good, the Bad and the Conditional: Sustaining Cooperation through Self-Sorting.
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Nyborg, Karine; Brekke, Kjell Arne; Hauge, Karen Evelyn & Lind, Jo Thori
(2018).
The Good, the Bad and the Conditional: Sustaining Cooperation through Self-Sorting.
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Nyborg, Karine; Brekke, Kjell Arne; Hauge, Karen Evelyn & Lind, Jo Thori
(2017).
The Good, the Bad and the Conditional: Sorting and Dynamics in a public Good Game with endogenous Group information.
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Nyborg, Karine; Brekke, Kjell Arne; Hauge, Karen Evelyn & Lind, Jo Thori
(2017).
The Good, the Bad and the Conditional: Sorting and Dynamics in a Public Good Game with Endogenous Group Formation.
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Isaksen, Elisabeth Thuestad; Richter, Andries Peter & Brekke, Kjell Arne
(2016).
When kindness generates unkindness. Why positive framing cannot solve the tragedy of the commons.
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Isaksen, Elisabeth Thuestad; Richter, Andries Peter & Brekke, Kjell Arne
(2016).
When kindness generates unkindness. Why positive framing cannot solve the tragedy of the commons.
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Richter, Andries Peter; Isaksen, Elisabeth Thuestad & Brekke, Kjell Arne
(2016).
When kindness generates unkindness. Why positive framing cannot solve the tragedy of the commons - an experimental investigation.
Vis sammendrag
We replicate the result by Andreoni (1995) that contributions to a linear public good (PG) are higher if the externality is framed positively, rather than negatively. We further show that this finding does not carry over to a non-linear PG game or the common pool resource (CPR) game. We find that the presence of a framing effect is largely affected by whether a social dilemma features strategic interactions. In the linear PG game, the best response is always to contribute nothing, and hence, independent of actions by others. With reciprocal preferences, however, contributions serve as strategic complements and kindness generates more kindness. With multiple equilibria a positive frame facilitates cooperators to coordinate on a cooperative equilibrium. In the CPR game and the non-linear PG game, the best response would be to contribute less if others contribute more. The material incentives hence counteract the effect of reciprocity, and the frame no longer serves as a coordination device. Positive framing therefore does not help to solve the tragedy of the commons. Further, we find that rivalry, as present in the CPR, is eroding the foundation of reciprocal interactions as the ones who contribute most are the ones who benefit least. In line with these results, we find that cooperation is highest in the linear PG game, and lowest in the CPR game.
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Nyborg, Karine; Brekke, Kjell Arne & Konow, James
(2013).
Framing Cooperation with Mixed Motives.
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Brekke, Kjell Arne
(2010).
Diskontering av fremtiden.
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Brekke, Kjell Arne
(2010).
Discounting the future – the major controversy in the economics of climate change.
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Brekke, Kjell Arne
(2010).
Behavioral Economics.
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Brekke, Kjell Arne
(2010).
Hvordan lønn og rettferdighet påvirker arbeidsmotivasjon.
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Brekke, Kjell Arne; Nyborg, Karine & Konow, James
(2010).
Fair Frames: The Effects of Framing and Justice Concerns on Public Good Contributions.
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Brekke, Kjell Arne
(2009).
Playing with the Good Guys.
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Brekke, Kjell Arne
(2009).
Conditionality of Cooperation and the impact on environmental norms.
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Brekke, Kjell Arne
(2008).
Playing with the Good Guys.
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Nilssen, Tore & Brekke, Kjell Arne
(2008).
The market for fake observations.
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Brekke, Kjell Arne & Gjerde, Jon
(1997).
Irreversible changes in a natural environment.
Ukjent.
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Brekke, Kjell Arne; Bruvoll, Annegrete; Lurås, Hilde & Nyborg, Karine
(1993).
Nytte-kostnadsanalyser og miljøprising. En moralfilosofisk kritikk.
Sosialøkonomen.
ISSN 0038-1624.
7/8,
s. 8–15.
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Vedeler, Jan Henrik; Lindhjem, Henrik; Grimsrud, Kristine & Brekke, Kjell Arne
(2022).
Methodological issues in eliciting people’s preferences for Norwegian climate forest planting.
Universitetet i Oslo.
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Brekke, Kjell Arne & Kverndokk, Snorre
(2014).
Health contingent income transfers. Are they relevant?
HERO.
ISSN 1501-9071.
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Brekke, Kjell Arne; Bråten, Ragnhild Haugli & Røgeberg, Ole
(2014).
Buying the right to do wrong ‐ An experimental test of moral objections to trading emission permits.
CREE.
ISSN 1892-9680.
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Wei, Taoyuan; Asheim, Geir Bjarne & Brekke, Kjell Arne
(2009).
Accounting for the income of non-renewable resources - Four essays on new theoretical approaches. Dissertation.
Unipub forlag.
ISSN 1504-3991.
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Brekke, Kjell Arne; Nyborg, Karine & Kipperberg, Gorm
(2007).
Reluctant recyclers: Social interaction in responsibility ascription.
Department of Economics, University of Oslo.
ISSN 0809-8786.
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Brekke, Kjell Arne & Rege, Mari
(2006).
Advertising as distortion of learning in markets with network externalities.
University of Oslo, Department of Economics.
ISSN 0809-8786.
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Brekke, Kjell Arne & Rege, Mari
(2006).
Advertising as a distortion of social learning.
University of Oslo, Department of Economics.
ISSN 0809-8786.
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Brekke, Kjell Arne; Larsen, Olav Mosvold & Lafferty, William
(2005).
Market-based Lock-in as a Challenge for Eco-design Strategy: Probing the Compatibility between Economic and Industrial-Ecological Approaches.
ProSus.
ISSN 82-7480-148-2.
Vis sammendrag
In a previous ProSus Report, Brekke (2003) has discussed the relevance of �market-based lock-in� as a barrier to the introduction of new technology. The report emphasized the variety of different mechanisms that would give rise to lock-in, especially through �increasing returns to adoption�.
The present report discusses the importance of the factors in question for the methodological approach of the CondEcol project. More specifically, the report aims to clarify the compatibility of the market-based approach to lock-in with the strategic management approach of �ecological design�. Using empirical references from two of the case studies from the CondEcol project, Shecco and ScanWafer, the report structures a �meeting of perspectives� whereby the cases are assessed from the point of view of market-based lock-in analysis, to determine whether and how the eco-design approach incorporates similar types of information and insight.
In both of the cases we find important factors contributing to increasing returns to adoption, related to costs of local adaptation and technology-specific human capital, but most importantly to steep learning curves. Except for the learning curves, the other mechanisms are largely external to the technology. For mechanisms external to the technology we judge the eco-design strategy wheel to be largely irrelevant. The effect of the steep learning curve, however, is that the larger the number of adopters the more rapidly the product itself will improve. In this case the eco-design strategy wheel can provide an important check-list for potential improvements. In sum, the report indicates that information which is complementary to the information generated by the approach of ecological design is also necessary to understand the barriers and drivers for technological change promoting sustainable development.
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Brekke, Kjell Arne
(2003).
Market-based lock-in and environmental technologies: The importance of increasing returns to adoption. Rapport 7/03.
ProSus.
ISSN 82-7480-132-6.
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Brekke, Kjell Arne
(1990).
Optimal oil production and use of oil revenues under uncertain oil prices.
Økonomiske doktoravhandlinger.
ISSN 0803-0162.
