Håkon Endresen Normann

Normann, Håkon Endresen (2019). Conditions for the deliberate destabilisation of established industries: Lessons from U.S. tobacco-control policy and the closure of Dutch coal mines. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions. doi: 10.1016/j.eist.2019.03.007

Normann, Håkon Endresen & Hanson, Jens (2018). The role of domestic markets in international technological innovation systems. Industry and Innovation. doi: 10.1080/13662716.2017.1310651

Normann, Håkon Endresen (2017). Policy networks in energy transitions: The cases of carbon capture and storage and offshore wind in Norway. Technological forecasting & social change. doi: 10.1016/j.techfore.2017.02.004

Normann, Håkon Endresen (2015). The role of politics in sustainable transitions: The rise and decline of offshore wind in Norway. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions.  ISSN 2210-4224.  15, s 180- 193 . doi: 10.1016/j.eist.2014.11.002

• Tsouri, Maria; Hanson, Jens & Normann, Håkon Endresen (2021). Does participation in knowledge networks facilitate market access in global innovation systems? The case of offshore wind. Research Policy.  ISSN 0048-7333.  50(5) . doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2021.104227 Vis sammendrag

  This article explores how knowledge networks function as structural couplings in global innovation systems (GIS). Based on a unique dataset we investigate the effects of Norwegian offshore wind firms' participation in different knowledge networks on international market access. The results show that international knowledge networks facilitate access to market resources in a GIS under certain conditions. First, participating in pilot and demonstration projects positively affects firms’ access to international markets. Second, participation in R&D projects has only a positive effect on international market access when R&D collaboration involves international partners. This effect is stronger when collaborators come from countries with a domestic market. Our results show that knowledge networks can function as one type of structural coupling (between a country and the GIS), which can facilitate another type of coupling (between knowledge and markets). The extent of coupling depends on the innovation mode and geographic scale of the knowledge networks. An implication for policy is that knowledge resources can be leveraged through incentives for international collaboration, and support for pilot and demonstration activities.

• van der Loos, Adriaan; Normann, Håkon Endresen; Hanson, Jens & Hekkert, Marko P. (2021). The co-evolution of innovation systems and context: Offshore wind in Norway and the Netherlands. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews.  ISSN 1364-0321.  138 . doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110513
• Mäkitie, Tuukka; Normann, Håkon Endresen; Thune, Taran Mari & Gonzalez, Jakoba Sraml (2019). The Green Flings: Norwegian Oil and Gas Industry’s Engagement in Offshore Wind Power. Energy Policy.  ISSN 0301-4215.  127, s 269- 279 . doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2018.12.015 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Normann, Håkon Endresen (2019). Conditions for the deliberate destabilisation of established industries: Lessons from U.S. tobacco-control policy and the closure of Dutch coal mines. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions.  ISSN 2210-4224. . doi: 10.1016/j.eist.2019.03.007 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• MacKinnon, Danny; Dawley, Stuart; Steen, Markus; Menzel, Max-Peter; Karlsen, Asbjørn; Sommer, Pascal; Hansen, Gard Hopsdal & Normann, Håkon Endresen (2018). Path creation, global production networks and regional development: A comparative international analysis of the offshore wind sector. Progress in Planning.  ISSN 0305-9006. . doi: 10.1016/j.progress.2018.01.001 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  The question of how regions and nations develop new sources of industrial growth is of recurring interest in economic geography and planning studies. From an evolutionary economic geography (EEG) perspective, new growth paths emerge out of existing economic activities and their associated assets and conditions. In response to the micro-economic and endogenous focus of much EEG research, this paper utilises a broader evolutionary perspective on path creation which stresses the dynamic interplay between four sets of factors: regional assets; key economic and organisational actors; mechanisms of path creation; and multi-scalar institutional environments and policy initiatives. Reflecting the importance of extra-regional networks and institutions, this framework is also informed by the Global Production Networks (GPN) approach, which highlights the process of strategic coupling between firms and regions and its political and institutional mediation by state institutions at different spatial scales. We deploy this framework to investigate regional path creation in the context of renewable energy technologies, focusing specifically on the offshore wind industry. We adopt a comparative cross-national approach, examining the evolution of offshore wind in Germany, the UK and Norway. Of the three cases, Germany has developed the most deep-rooted and holistic path to date, characterised by leading roles in both deployment and manufacturing. By contrast, path creation in the UK and Norway has evolved in more partial and selective ways. The UK’s growth path is developing in a relatively shallow manner, based largely upon deployment and ‘outside in’ investment, whilst Norway’s path is emerging in an exogenous, ‘inside-out’ fashion around a fairly confined set of actors and deployment and supply functions. In conclusion, the paper emphasises the important role of national states in orchestrating the strategic coupling of regional and national assets to particular mechanisms of path creation.

• Mäkitie, Tuukka; Andersen, Allan Dahl; Hanson, Jens; Normann, Håkon Endresen & Thune, Taran Mari (2018). Established sectors expediting clean technology industries? The Norwegian oil and gas sector's influence on offshore wind power. Journal of Cleaner Production.  ISSN 0959-6526.  177, s 813- 823 . doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.12.209 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Normann, Håkon Endresen & Hanson, Jens (2018). The role of domestic markets in international technological innovation systems. Industry and Innovation.  ISSN 1366-2716.  25(5), s 482- 504 . doi: 10.1080/13662716.2017.1310651 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  This paper explores how countries in non-leadership positions can couple onto globally developing technological innovation systems (TISs) for renewable energy. The paper contributes to recent debates on relations between TISs and context, with a focus on how industries located in one country relate to the international TIS. Based on a survey of 102 firms in the offshore wind industry in Norway and semi-structured interviews, we find that even though Norwegian firms link up with international TISs, the lack of a domestic market represents a barrier. However, firms with activities in related industries and large firms are less exposed to this barrier. This poses a challenge as the offshore wind industry in Norway mainly consists of smaller firms. We therefore suggest that policies should aim to stimulate interaction between smaller suppliers and larger firms that potentially can act as intermediaries and provide access to international markets.

• Normann, Håkon Endresen (2017). Policy networks in energy transitions: The cases of carbon capture and storage and offshore wind in Norway. Technological Forecasting and Social Change.  ISSN 0040-1625.  118, s 80- 93 . doi: 10.1016/j.techfore.2017.02.004 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  This paper employs the concept of policy networks to study how interest groups and actors compete over the influence of energy and climate policy. It is argued that the creation of learning arenas is critical for the development of immature technologies. The paper then analyses two large efforts to secure state funding of large-scale demonstration projects for offshore wind and carbon capture and storage technology in Norway. The paper describes a range of similarities between these two technologies in terms of scale, maturity, and costs, and in the way they represent possible solutions to the problem of climate change. However, the paper also describes enormous differences in government support towards full-scale demonstration. These differences are then explained in the analysis, which shows how different network structures facilitate different levels of access to the policy making process. The paper provides insights into how the interplay between state interests, political party strategies and the interests of firms influences the potency for solutions tied to climate and energy problems. The paper therefore contributes to the discourse on the role of politics in sustainability transitions.

• Normann, Håkon Endresen (2015). The role of politics in sustainable transitions: The rise and decline of offshore wind in Norway. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions.  ISSN 2210-4224.  15, s 180- 193 . doi: 10.1016/j.eist.2014.11.002 Vis sammendrag

  This paper studies how political conditions and external events influenced the rise and fall of offshore wind on the political agenda in Norway between 2005 and 2012. In this sense, the paper contributes to recent debates about the role of politics in sustainable transitions. Key findings are that changes in government posts combined with a need for the offshore petroleum industry to diversify created favourable conditions for offshore wind. However, offshore wind as a solution to articulated problems was insufficiently developed when the window of opportunity opened up. The analysis then shows how a recovery in the offshore petroleum industry and new changes inside government closed the window of opportunity. The paper concludes that we should attend more to the interests of government actors, and conflicts inside government, in the analysis of energy transitions.

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• Hansen, Teis; Hanson, Jens; Mäkitie, Tuukka; Normann, Håkon Endresen & Steen, Markus (2021). Integrating policy instruments for fast-tracking environmental innovation: Lessons learned from the Norwegian Pilot-E programme.
• Lahn, Bård Lappegård & Normann, Håkon Endresen (2020). Låst til oljen. Dagens næringsliv.  ISSN 0803-9372.
• Normann, Håkon Endresen (2020). Norges strategi for å bygge opp en havvindindustri. Hva virker og hva virker ikke?.
• Normann, Håkon Endresen (2020). One does not simply destabilise the oil and gas industry: mapping policies for reorientation in a fossil fuel economy.
• Normann, Håkon Endresen & Hanson, Jens (2020, 23. april). Politikerne peker ikke ut kursen for norsk havvind. [Fagblad].  Forskningsmagasinet Apollon.
• Normann, Håkon Endresen & Tellmann, Silje Maria (2020). Trade unions as a force for continuity or a force for transformation: The Norwegian trade union’s interpretation of a just transition in a fossil fuel economy.
• Normann, Håkon Endresen & Tellmann, Silje Maria (2020). Trade unions as a force for continuity or a force for transformation: The Norwegian trade union’s interpretation of a just transition in a fossil fuel economy.
• Tsouri, Maria; Hanson, Jens & Normann, Håkon Endresen (2020). Does participation in knowledge networks facilitate international market access? The case of offshore wind. TIK WORKING PAPERS on innovation studies. 20200303. Vis sammendrag

  This article explores the effects of knowledge network participation on firms` international market access. We use a unique dataset comprising Norwegian firm data on RD&D (research, development and demonstration) and market participation in offshore wind. The empirical results show that participating in pilot and demonstration projects positively affects firms’ presence in international markets, while we do not observe the same positive effect for R&D projects. However, the econometric evidence shows that increasing extents of international collaborators, particularly from countries with home markets, contributes to a positive effect of R&D project participation on market access, while negative effects are observed for domestic collaborators. The results suggest that transnational knowledge linkages constitute an important mechanism for international market access, especially for countries with weak or absent domestic markets. We suggest that RD&D policy design could benefit from ensuring international collaboration, particularly with partners in countries with domestic markets, and support for demonstration activities.

• Hanson, Jens & Normann, Håkon Endresen (2019). Sterkere offentlig-privat samspill for havvindsatsning. Stavanger Aftenblad.  ISSN 0804-8991.
• Hanson, Jens; Normann, Håkon Endresen; Aspelund, Arild; Steen, Markus; Afewerki, Samson; Bjørgum, Øyvind; Sæther, Erik Andreas; Kenzhegaliyeva, Assiya; Dawley, Stuart; MacKinnon, Danny & van der Loos, Adriaan (2019). Conditions for growth in the Norwegian offshore wind industry. International market developments, Norwegian firm characteristics and strategies, and policies for industry development. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Normann, Håkon Endresen (2019). En politikk for omstilling: norsk havvind-industri.
• Normann, Håkon Endresen (2019). Forutsetninger for en offshore vind-industri i oljelandet.
• Normann, Håkon Endresen (2019). Innovasjonspolitikk for energiomstilling i en fossiløkonomi.
• Normann, Håkon Endresen (2019, 19. mai). Ny forskning: Hvorfor får vi ikke fart på havvind?. [Internett].  Energi og Klima.
• Normann, Håkon Endresen (2019). Omstilling i en fossiløkonomi.
• Normann, Håkon Endresen (2019). Utfordringer og muligheter for industriell omstilling mot et grønt skifte.
• Normann, Håkon Endresen (2019). Utfordringer og muligheter for vekst i norsk havvindindustri.
• Normann, Håkon Endresen; Andersen, Allan Dahl; Hanson, Jens & Smith, Keith Harold (2019). Vi trenger en innovasjonspolitikk for energiomstilling i en fossiløkonomi. Forskningspolitikk.  ISSN 0333-0273.  s 12- 13
• Normann, Håkon Endresen & Hanson, Jens (2019, 15. mai). Bare 13 norske selskaper satser dedikert på havvind. [Internett].  Teknisk Ukeblad.
• Normann, Håkon Endresen & Hanson, Jens (2019). Forutsetninger for en offshore vind-industri i oljelandet.
• Normann, Håkon Endresen & Hanson, Jens (2019). The role of actors from established sectors in new industry formation: How to develop an offshore wind industry in petroleum dependent Norway.
• Normann, Håkon Endresen & Hanson, Jens (2019). Utfordringer og muligheter for vekst i norsk havvindindustri.
• Normann, Håkon Endresen & Tellmann, Silje Maria (2019). Trade unions as a force for stability or a force for transformation.
• Tsouri, Maria; Hanson, Jens & Normann, Håkon Endresen (2019). Knowledge as a Mechanism of Entrance into the International Offshore Wind Market: The Case of Norway.
• Hanson, Jens & Normann, Håkon Endresen (2018). Running in packs or walking alone? Exploring conditions for innovation system building for solar PV.
• Normann, Håkon Endresen (2018). Conditions for deliberate destabilisation of established industries: Lessons from U.S. tobacco-control policy and the closure of Dutch coal mines.
• Normann, Håkon Endresen (2018). Mapping Activities in the Norwegian Organic Waste Sector: A survey of Norwegian firms engaged in organic waste activities.
• Normann, Håkon Endresen (2018). Teknologiske skifter – hva vet vi?.
• Normann, Håkon Endresen & Hanson, Jens (2018). Can incumbents contribute to system building in new industries? Exploring actor variation in efforts to influence policy.
• Normann, Håkon Endresen; Thune, Taran Mari & Mäkitie, Tuukka (2018). Oljebransjens «grønne flørt». Dagens næringsliv.  ISSN 0803-9372.
• Mäkitie, Tuukka; Normann, Håkon Endresen; Gonzalez, Jakoba Sraml & Thune, Taran Mari (2017). The green flings. The role of market volatility in incumbent firms’ engagement in sustainability transitions.
• Normann, Håkon Endresen (2017, 17. mars). Doktoren svarer: Kamp mot oljeplattformer.  Morgenbladet.
• Normann, Håkon Endresen (2017). Mulighetsrom for politikk som utfordrer etablerte næringer.
• Normann, Håkon Endresen (2017). Politics in energy system transformation. Conditions for the development of an offshore wind industry in Norway. Vis sammendrag

  A transformation of the energy system relies on a move away from burning of fossil fuels and the expansion of sustainable alternatives. This presents a challenge for fossil fuel exporting countries, but also opportunities for new industry formation. In a Norwegian context, this raises the question of how the oil and gas industry conditions the development of a Norwegian offshore wind industry. This question is explored through three articles. The first article studies the rise and decline of offshore wind in Norway between 2005 and 2012. The second article analyses how differences in network structure facilitate different levels of access to the policymaking process. The third article examines the opportunities and challenges Norwegian suppliers to an international market for offshore wind experience in the absence of a domestic market. The thesis is situated in the field of sustainability transitions and focuses on policy as important for innovation system formation. The thesis pays particular attention to the politics that underpin policy. By drawing on insights from political science, the thesis contributes to an improved understanding of politics in sustainability transitions.

• Normann, Håkon Endresen (2017). "Shhh! We have a plan". Teknovatøren.  (12), s 8- 9
• Normann, Håkon Endresen (2017, 08. september). Sjansen som glapp.  Morgenbladet.
• Normann, Håkon Endresen & Bugge, Markus (2017). Politikk uten prioriteringer. Forskningspolitikk.  ISSN 0333-0273.  40(2), s 4- 5
• Normann, Håkon Endresen & Hanson, Jens (2017). Med skylappene på. Energi og Klima : Norsk klimastiftelses nettmagasin.
• Hanson, Jens; Steen, Markus; Weaver, Tyson; Normann, Håkon Endresen & Hansen, Gard Hopsdal (2016). Path creation through branching and transfer or complementary resoures: the role of established industries for new renewable energy technologies.
• MacKinnon, Danny; Dawley, Stuart; Menzel, Max-Peter; Sommer, Pascal; Steen, Markus; Karlsen, Asbjørn; Normann, Håkon Endresen & Hansen, Gard Hopsdal (2016). Global production networks, energy transition and regional path creation: Offshore wind in the UK.
• Mäkitie, Tuukka Rainer Reinhold; Andersen, Allan Dahl; Hanson, Jens; Normann, Håkon Endresen & Thune, Taran Mari (2016). Path branching as system building An innovation systems perspective on the interactions between emerging and mature industries.
• Mäkitie, Tuukka; Andersen, Allan Dahl; Hanson, Jens; Normann, Håkon Endresen & Thune, Taran Mari (2016). Established sectors expediting clean technology industries? The Norwegian oil and gas sector's influence on offshore wind power. TIK WORKING PAPERS on innovation studies. 20161208.
• Normann, Håkon Endresen (2016). Overgang til hva?. Dagens næringsliv.  ISSN 0803-9372.
• Normann, Håkon Endresen & Hanson, Jens (2016). The role of the home market in international technological innovation systems.
• Wicken, Olav; Normann, Håkon Endresen & Hanson, Jens (2016). Vi trenger retning for å lykkes med omstilling. Energi og Klima : Norsk klimastiftelses nettmagasin.
• Hanson, Jens; Steen, Markus; Weaver, Tyson; Normann, Håkon Endresen & Hansen, Gard Hopsdal (2015). Complementarities and relatedness in established and emerging path inter-linkages.
• Hanson, Jens; Steen, Markus; Weaver, Tyson; Normann, Håkon Endresen & Hansen, Gard Hopsdal (2015). Complementarities and relatedness in established and emerging path interlinkages.
• Normann, Håkon Endresen (2015). Drømmen om havvind. Dagens næringsliv.  ISSN 0803-9372.
• Normann, Håkon Endresen & Hanson, Jens (2015). Exploiting global renewable energy growth. Opportunities and challenges for internationalisation in the Norwegian offshore wind and solar energy industries.
• Normann, Håkon Endresen & Hanson, Jens (2015). Exploring internationalization and transnational links in technological innovation systems.
• Normann, Håkon Endresen (2014). Offshore wind and carbon capture and storage in Norway.
• Normann, Håkon Endresen (2014). Offshore wind and carbon capture and storage in Norway.
• Normann, Håkon Endresen (2013). The role of politics and agency in sustainable transitions: The case of offshore wind in Norway.
• Normann, Håkon Endresen (2013). The role of politics and the state in sustainable transitions: Growth and decline in offshore wind in Norway.

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