Hilde Bojer

• Bojer, Hilde (2010). Om økonomisk likhet. Tidsskrift for samfunnsforskning (TfS). ISSN 0040-716X. p. 311–317. Full text in Research Archive
• Bojer, Hilde (2010). Tid er penger: Omsorgsplikt og barnefamiliers levestandard :. Tidsskrift for velferdsforskning. ISSN 0809-2052. 13(4), p. 239–246. Full text in Research Archive
• Bojer, Hilde (2009). Individuell inntektsfordeling 1993-2006. Søkelys på arbeidslivet. ISSN 1504-8004. 26(3), p. 317–324. Full text in Research Archive
• Bojer, Hilde (2009). John Rawls. In Peil, Jan & Staveren, Irene van (Ed.), Handbook of Economics and Ethics. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISSN 9781845429362. p. 426–432. Full text in Research Archive
• Bojer, Hilde (2008). Income Inequality and the Economic Position of Women in Norway 1970-2002. In Betti, Gianni & Lemmi, Achille (Ed.), Advances on Income Inequality and Concentration measures. Routledge. ISSN 9780415443371. p. 243–256. Full text in Research Archive
• Bojer, Hilde (2007). Hva er verdiskaping? Sosiologisk Årbok. ISSN 0808-288X. p. 32–38. Full text in Research Archive
• Bojer, Hilde (2006). Kvinners arbeid og inntekt. In Clarhäll, Jenny & Stensbak, Helle (Ed.), Kvinner og Cash. Radikalt Økonominettverk. ISSN 9788299684545. p. 10–18. Full text in Research Archive
• Bojer, Hilde (2005). Social Justice and the Rights of Children. In Qvortrup, Jens (Eds.), Studies in Modern Childhood. Society, Agency, Culture. Macmillan Publishers Ltd.. ISSN 9781403939333. p. 221–230. Full text in Research Archive
• Bojer, Hilde (2005). Kvinners inntekt 1970--2002. Søkelys på arbeidsmarkedet. ISSN 0800-6199. 22(1), p. 65–72. Full text in Research Archive
• Bojer, Hilde (2002). Hva er økonomiske verdier? In Johannessen, Kai Ingolf & Schmidt, Ulla (Ed.), Verdier - flerfaglige perspektiver. Tapir Akademisk Forlag. ISSN 9788251917926. p. 50–57. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Artikkelen gjør rede for hva som kan menes med økonomiske verdier til forskjelle fra for eksempel etiske eller kulturelle verdier. Den gir eksempler på hvor det er og hvor det ikke er motsetning mellom disse ulike verdiene.

• Bojer, Hilde (2002). Har staten moralsk rett til å kreve inn skatt? In Axell, Pia Hverven (Eds.), Med forskerblikk på verdier. Norges forskningsråd. ISSN 9788212016743. p. 191–202. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Artikkelen drøfter Nozick's teori om minst mulig stat opp mot Rawls' liberale og egalitære samfunnskontrakt. Den peker spesielt på at Nozick's teori mangler plass til barn og deres mødre.

• Bojer, Hilde (2002). Women and the Rawlsian Social Contract. Social justice research. ISSN 0885-7466. 15(4), p. 393–407. Full text in Research Archive
• Bojer, Hilde (2002). Velstand, velferd og økonomiske verdier: et streiftog i klassisk og moderne økonomisk teori. In Helland, Leif & Nafstad, Petter (Ed.), Samfunnsvitenskapene - paradigmer og modeller. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 9788202199265. p. 353–387. Full text in Research Archive
• Bojer, Hilde (2001). John Rawls' samfunnskontrakt og rettferdighet for kvinner. Tidsskrift for samfunnsforskning (TfS). ISSN 0040-716X. 42(2), p. 253–267. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  I den banebrytende "A Theory of Justice" fra 1971, drøfter John Rawls verken kvinnens stilling eller hvordan familien skal organiseres. Artikkelen viser at Rawls' samfunnskontrakt likevel kan utvides til å omfatte kvinner. Feminister har kritisert Rawls for å ha laget en teori for hvite menn fra middelklassen. Jeg hevder at noe slikt ikke følger av de grunnleggende elementene i teorien hans, nemlig den opprinnelige situasjon og sløret av usikkerhet. Begrensningene i Rawls' teori skyldes at han bevisst innskrenker samfunnskontrakten til å gjelde borgernes forhold til staten, og at han definerer familien som en del av det private. Hvis denne siste begrensningen blir fjernet, ses det lett at samfunnskontrakten må omfatte familien. Det er nemlig organisering av familien, og den interne arbeidsdeling der, som avgjør kvinners (og barns) stilling i samfunnet.

• Bojer, Hilde (2000). Children and Theories of Social Justice. Feminist Economics. ISSN 1354-5701. 6(2), p. 23–39. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The paper is about children as subjects of social justice. It argues that economic welfare theory, utilitarianism, and other theories of justice based on utility theory assume rational individuals with stable preferences, and therefore cannot be applied to children. Libertarian justice treats children as possessions of the parents without rights of their own. A Rawlsian social contract, on the other hand, can be extended to include children. The main part of the paper consists of an attempt to sketch such an extension. It argues that justice to children is basic to Rawlsian justice, and that the Rawlsian case for equality is strengthened when children are taken into account. The principle of extensive liberty, when applied to children, must imply that children cannot properly be regarded as the possession of their parents.

• Bojer, Hilde & Nelson, Julie A. (1999). Equivalence Scales and the Welfare of Children. The Review of Income and Wealth. ISSN 0034-6586. 45(4), p. 531–534. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  When defining equivalent adults scales, it is a fairly wide-spread practice in economic literature to correct for the welfare parents are assumed to derive from having children. The paper argues that such a correction is built in the ethically dubious premise that the welfare of children are of no account. The paper is a comment on an article by M. Luisa Ferreira, Reuben C. Buse and Jan-Paul Chavas in International Review of Income and Wealth, vol 44 1998 pp 183 - 198.

• Bojer, Hilde (1999). Om økonomisk likhet, NOU (Norges offentlige utredninger). p. 301–306. Full text in Research Archive
• Bojer, Hilde (1999). Kvinners inntekt og individuell inntektsfordeling 1970--2006, NOU (Norges offentlige utredninger). p. 352–361. Full text in Research Archive
• Lyngstad, Jan; Keilman, Nico Willem; Bojer, Hilde & Thomsen, Ib (1998). Poverty and Economic Inequality: Concepts, Measures, and Methods. In Keilman, Nico Willem; Lyngstad, Jan; Bojer, Hilde & Thomsen, Ib O (Ed.), Poverty and Economic Inequality in Industrialized Western Societies. Scandinavian University Press. ISSN 9788200224938. p. 3–31. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This chapter introduces the various concepts, measures, and methods used in the contributions to this book, a book which approaches the study of poverty and economic inequality in industrialized Western countries from various points of view. We start by presenting two general approaches to welfare research and some of the general problems connected to the analysis of inequality as well as the analysis of poverty. We then address some problems of special relevance for the study of inequality (inequality measures and their properties) and for investigating poverty (poverty definitions and poverty measures). At the end we discuss income concepts and data sources, units of analysis, household definitions, equivalence scales, and problems related to longitudinal studies and to analyses of the impact of redistributional policies.

• Bojer, Hilde (1996). Children and Distributional Justice. Nordic Journal of Political Economy (NOPEC). ISSN 0805-7508. 23(2), p. 121–131. Full text in Research Archive

View all works in NVA

• Bojer, Hilde (2004). Inntektsfordeling. 2. utgave. Unipub forlag. 43 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Bojer, Hilde (2003). Distributional Justice. Theory and Measurement. Routledge. ISBN 9780415298247. 151 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Keilman, Nico Willem; Lyngstad, Jan; Bojer, Hilde & Thomsen, Ib O (1998). Poverty and Economic Inequality in Industrialized Western Societies. Scandinavian University Press. ISBN 9788200224938. -1 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Bojer, Hilde; Engelstad, Fredrik; Heidar, Knut; Hernes, Helga & Stjernø, Steinar (1993). Norsk Samfunnsleksikon (2. utgave). Pax Forlag. ISBN 9788253016351. 459 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Bojer, Hilde; Engelstad, Fredrik; Heidar, Knut; Hernes, Helga & Stjernø, Steinar (1987). Norsk samfunnsleksikon (1. utgave). Pax Forlag. ISBN 9788253014197. 487 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Bojer, Hilde & Heidar, Knut (1987). Norsk Samfunnslekikon. Pax Forlag. ISBN 9788253014197. 487 p. Full text in Research Archive

View all works in NVA

• Bojer, Hilde (2012). Norwegian Women's Income 1970 --2009. Full text in Research Archive
• Bojer, Hilde (2010). ENGLISH TITLE: ABOUT ECONOMIC EQUALITY. Tidsskrift for samfunnsforskning (TfS). ISSN 0040-716X. 51(2), p. 311–317. Full text in Research Archive
• Bojer, Hilde (2010). En rettferdig ulikhet? Full text in Research Archive
• Bojer, Hilde (2010). What is economic equality? Full text in Research Archive
• Bojer, Hilde (2010). Må alle være lykkelige, alltid? Full text in Research Archive
• Bojer, Hilde (2008). Verdibørsen. [Radio]. Oslo. Full text in Research Archive
• Bojer, Hilde (2008). Kvinners inntekt og hvorfor. Full text in Research Archive
• Bojer, Hilde (2008). Kvinners inntekt og hvorfor. Full text in Research Archive
• Bojer, Hilde (2008). Hva er økonomisk likhet? Full text in Research Archive
• Bojer, Hilde (2008). Women's income in Norway 1970--2002. Full text in Research Archive
• Bojer, Hilde (2008). Kvinners inntekt 1970 -- 2006. Full text in Research Archive
• Bojer, Hilde (2007). Kvinners inntekter. Full text in Research Archive
• Bojer, Hilde (2007). Kjønn og rettferdighet: Rawls og Sen. Full text in Research Archive
• Bojer, Hilde (2007). Kvinners inntekter - og menns. Full text in Research Archive
• Bojer, Hilde (2007). Velger kvinner feil? Aftenposten (morgenutg. : trykt utg.). ISSN 0804-3116. Full text in Research Archive
• Bojer, Hilde (2007). Familien består av individer. Full text in Research Archive
• Bojer, Hilde (2006). Om rettferdighet. Full text in Research Archive
• Bojer, Hilde (2006). Hva er rettferdig fordeling? Full text in Research Archive
• Bojer, Hilde (2006). Resources versus capabilities. Full text in Research Archive
• Bojer, Hilde (2006). Tar igjen og gir bort. Full text in Research Archive
• Bojer, Hilde (2006). Tvilsomt fortrinn. Full text in Research Archive
• Bojer, Hilde (2006). Prisen på velferd. Full text in Research Archive
• Bojer, Hilde (2006). Å eie frukten av sitt arbeid. Full text in Research Archive
• Bojer, Hilde (2006). Nyliberalisme, velferdsstat og rettferdighet. Full text in Research Archive
• Bojer, Hilde (2005). Kvinners arbeid. Full text in Research Archive
• Bojer, Hilde (2005). Hva er fattigdom? Full text in Research Archive
• Bojer, Hilde (2005). Et forsvar for velferdsstaten. Full text in Research Archive
• Bojer, Hilde (2005). Kvinners inntekt. Full text in Research Archive
• Bojer, Hilde (2005). Frihet og Knapphet: hvordan kan man definere en økonomisk verdi. Full text in Research Archive
• Bojer, Hilde (2004). Velferdsstat og rettferdig fordeling. Ny giv : nyhetsbrev for faste givere / Norges røde kors. Full text in Research Archive
• Bojer, Hilde (2003). Kjønnsrettferdighet: Utfordringer for feministisk politikk. Tidsskrift for velferdsforskning. ISSN 0809-2052. 6(3), p. 196–199. Full text in Research Archive
• Bojer, Hilde (2002). The capability approach and the Rawlsian social contract. Full text in Research Archive
• Bojer, Hilde (2001). Rettferdig fordeling. Skattebetaleren. ISSN 0333-3868. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  En kort presentasjon av John Rawls teori for rettferdighet.

• Bojer, Hilde (2000). En rettferdig verden? Ny tid. ISSN 0803-3498. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Kronikken gir en populærvitenskapelig redegjørelse for John Rawls' teori for rettferdighet.

• Bojer, Hilde (2000). Universitetet i Oslo er en verdiskaper. Uniforum. ISSN 1891-5825. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  I moderne økonomisk teori er all virksomhet ved Universitet i Oslo verdiskapende, ikke bare oppfinnelser som kan brukes i det private næringsliv.

• Bojer, Hilde (2000). Leif Johansen - en stringent analytiker. Aftenposten (morgenutg. : trykt utg.). ISSN 0804-3116. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Kronikken presentere noen sider ved professor Leif Johansens forfatterskap om planøkonomi og markedet.

• Bojer, Hilde (1997). 800 ord om rettferdighet. Dagens næringsliv. ISSN 0803-9372. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Artikkelen gir argumenter for at rettferdig fordeling er et emne som kan og bør analyseres av forskere.

• Bojer, Hilde (1997). Kvinneforskning og sosialøkonomi. Kvinneforskning. ISSN 0806-6256. p. 120–123. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Kvinneforskningens oppgaver i sosialøkonomi er mange og store. De kan deles i to: empirisk preget arbeid for å synliggjøre kvinners rolle i økonomien, og teoretisk grunnlagsarbeid i et mannsdominert fag.

• Bojer, Hilde (2006). Resources versus capabilities: a critical discussion. Universitetet i Oslo. Full text in Research Archive
• Bojer, Hilde (2006). Income Capability and Child Care. Department of Economics. Full text in Research Archive
• Bojer, Hilde (2005). Income inequality and the economic position of women in Norway 1970 2002. Økonomisk institutt, Universitetet i Oslo. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In the period from 1970 to 2002, Norwegian women moved out of the home and into the paid labour market. The paper investigates the effect of this social change on women's economic position and on individual income inequality. It argues that the distribution of individual incomes is of equal interest to household incomes as targets of public policy. Inequality is measured by the generalised entropy measure. The data are taken from the triennial, later annual, surveys of income carried out by Statistics Norway in the period, giving reliable data on income for samples varying from 6000 to 30 000 women and men. Women's average income relative to that of men increased from 27 percent to 60 per cent. Total individual income inequality decreased strongly from 1970 to 1990, and decreased very slightly from 1990 to 2002. But this total covers very different developments for women and men. Women's internal inequality decreased up to about 1990; the later trend is unclear. Men's internal inequality increased during the 1990s. However, the increase in men's inequality is shown to be mostly due to fluctuations in capital income. Inequality of employees remained unchanged during the whole period, both for women and men, when capital income is disregarded.

• Bojer, Hilde (2004). Velstand, velferd og økonomiske verdier. Unipub forlag. Full text in Research Archive
• Bojer, Hilde (2002). The Time Cost of Children and Equivalent Full Incomes. Universitetet i Oslo. Full text in Research Archive
• Bojer, Hilde (2001). Inntektsfordeling. Økonomisk institutt, Universitet i Oslo. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Teksten er en innføring i analyse av inntektsfordeling for studenter ved samfunnsøkonomi grunnfag.

• Bojer, Hilde (1998). Equivalence Scales and Intra-household Distribution. Sosialøkonomisk Institutt. ISSN 9788257091927. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Equivalence scales are defined as the ratio between the cost functions of households of different size and compositions. It is shown that the household cost function depends on the distribution of income or utility within the household. Therefore, neither cost functions nor equivalence scales are uniquely defined by the size and composition of households.

• Bojer, Hilde (1998). Verdi og fordeling. Sosialøkonomisk institutt. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Heftet er en innføring i klassis og nyklassisk verdilære, med vekt på sammenheng mellom verdilære og fordeling. Det gir også en kort oversikt over moderne teorier for rettferdig fordeling.

• Bojer, Hilde & Gravningsmyhr, Hanne A. (1997). Kvinner i norsk økonomi. Senter for kvinneforskning. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Kompendiet inneholder grafiske framstillinger av statistikk om kvinner i norsk økonomi. Statistikken gjelder tidsbruk, sysselsetting, lønn og inntekt, utdanning.

• Bojer, Hilde (1997). The Effect on Inequality of Changes in an Income Component. ISSN 9788257091552. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The effect of a proportionate change in one of two income components is discussed by decomposing the coefficient of variation. The results will hold for any inequality measure when there is Lorenz dominance. It is shown that the effect of such a change depends on the size of the income component in question as well as its distributional properties, and that increasing a component with a given distribution may sometimes augment, sometimes diminish, the inequality of total income.

View all works in NVA