Andreas Kotsadam

“Do Laws Affect Attitudes? An assessment of the Norwegian prostitution law using longitudinal data”

International Review of Law and Economics 31(2), pp. 103-115. 2011.

Joint work with Niklas Jakobsson. Working paper version: Law

”Did the Murder of Theo van Gogh Change Europeans” Immigration Policy Preferences?”

Kyklos 64(3) 396-409. 2011.

Joint work with Niklas Jakobsson and Henning Finseraas.

“Discrimination in the Norwegian Housing market – class, sex, and ethnicity”

Forthcoming in Land Economics.

Joint work with Lisa Andersson and Niklas Jakobsson .

”The State Intervenes in the Battle of the Sexes: Causal Effects of Paternity Leave”

Forthcoming in Social Science Research.

Joint work with Henning Finseraas.

Previous version: The state intervenes in the battle of the sexes

“DOES INFORMAL ELDERCARE IMPEDE WOMEN’S EMPLOYMENT? THE CASE OF EUROPEAN WELFARE STATES”

Feminist Economics 17 (2), 121-144. 2011

Free version: Does Informal Eldercare Impede Women’s Employment

“The Law and Economics of International Sex Slavery. Prostitution Laws and Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation”

Forthcoming in European Journal of Law and Economics. 2011

Joint work with Niklas Jakobsson. Working paper version: Trafficking

Newer version: Trafficking 2011

”Gender and overconfidence: are girls really overconfident ?”

Applied Economics Letters 18(4): 325-327. Joint work with Jakobsson, Dahlbom, Jakobsson. 2011.

Working paper version

”The Gender Gap in Political Preferences: An Empirical Test of a Political Economy Explanation”

Social Politics (forthcoming). Joint work with Niklas Jakobsson and Henning Finseraas.

”Do attitudes toward gender equality really differ between Norway and Sweden?”

Journal of European Social Policy, Vol. 20, no 2. pp. 142-159. Joint work with Niklas Jakobsson. 2010

Working paper version

”Gender Equity and Prostitution: An Investigation of Attitudes in Norway and Sweden“

Feminist Economics 17(1), pp 31-58. Joint work with Niklas Jakobsson. 2011

Working paper version

• Hanson, Torbjørn; Johnsen, Åshild Auglænd; Kotsadam, Andreas & Prati, Alberto (2026). Does happiness spread within organizations? Evidence from a field experiment in Norway. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. ISSN 0167-2681. 250, p. 107723–107723. doi: 10.1016/j.jebo.2026.107723. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  We report the results from a large field experiment that tests if happiness spreads within an organizational setting, as predicted by the emotional contagion hypothesis. Although some studies have supported this hypothesis, no well-powered randomized controlled trial has ever tested it in the field. In collaboration with the Norwegian Armed Forces, we randomly assign over 1500 recruits to rooms during eight-week boot camps. Some recruits live with relatively happier peers while others live with relatively unhappier ones. We find no evidence of happiness convergence at the room level and reject even small contagion effects. We show that the null result is not explained by excessive stability in happiness, and prior studies in the same setting show that peer effects emerge for some non-emotional attitudes. These results call for a reconsideration of the presumed ubiquity of happiness spillovers, with subsequent implications for well-being models and policies.

• Ayenew, Workineh; Kotsadam, Andreas; Ringdal, Charlotte & Villanger, Espen (2026). War comes home: Conflict exposure and intimate partner violence in Ethiopia. Social Science and Medicine. ISSN 0277-9536. 409. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2026.119866. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas; Rasmussen, Magnus Bergli; Moene, Karl Ove; Kjelsrud, Anders & Gjerløw, Haakon (2026). Strikes and Machines: Investments in the Norwegian Inter-War-Period. Journal of Economic History. ISSN 0022-0507. 86(2), p. 427–459. doi: 10.1017/S0022050725101095. Full text in Research Archive
• Brodeur, Abel; Mikola, Derek; Cook, Nikolai; Fiala, Lenka; Brailey, Thomas & Briggs, Ryan [Show all 347 contributors for this article] (2026). Reproducibility and robustness of economics and political science research. Nature. ISSN 0028-0836. 652, p. 151–156. doi: 10.1038/s41586-026-10251-x. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Science aspires to be cumulative. Reproducibility efforts strengthen science by testing the reliability of published findings, promoting self-correction, and informing policy-making1. Computational reproductions, whereby independent researchers reproduce the results of published studies, are an essential diagnostic tool2–10. Such efforts should have greater visibility11–16. However, little social science reproduction and robustness has been conducted at scale10,13,17–23. Here we reproduced original analyses and conducted robustness checks of 110 articles that were published in leading economics and political science journals with mandatory data and code sharing policies17,18. We found that more than 85% of published claims were computationally reproducible. In robustness checks, our reanalyses showed that 72% of statistically significant estimates remain significant and in the same direction, and the median reproduced effect size is nearly the same as the originally published effect size (that is, 99% of the published effect size). Additionally, 6 independent research teams examined 12 pre-specified hypotheses about determinants of robustness. Research teams with more experience found lower levels of robustness, and robustness did not correlate with author characteristics or data availability. Robustness checks and reproduction of analyses with existing and updated data based on 110 articles in economics and political science journals with data and code-sharing requirements found high levels of robustness and reproducibility and determined that robustness was not dependent on author characteristics or data availability.

• Folke, Olle; Hanson, Torbjørn; Johnsen, Åshild Auglænd; Kotsadam, Andreas & Rickne, Johanna (2026). Targeting attitudes to combat sexual harassment: A randomized intervention in the Norwegian military. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. ISSN 0167-2681. 247. doi: 10.1016/j.jebo.2026.107596. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  We develop an information-based intervention against sexual harassment and test it in a randomized control trial across small groups of military recruits in the boot camp of the Norwegian military. The intervention seeks to bridge two knowledge gaps with implications for sexual harassment prevalence. We tell some recruits about their peers’ beliefs that “telling sexualized jokes can be labeled sexual harassment” and about women soldiers’ equal performance on military skill tests. This treatment gives lasting improvements in knowledge about what sexual harassment is and about women’s job performance. The impact on sexual harassment prevalence is directionally negative but statistically insignificant. We discuss measurement error and use survey responses about a harassment scenario to argue that the intervention likely affected behavior. Our study provides the first field experiment to evaluate whether a prevention method against sexual harassment reduces prevalence in a work setting. We use insights from our research process to identify methodological pitfalls and provide guidance for future field experiments in this area.

• Frezza, Eugenia Maria; Kotsadam, Andreas; Ringdal, Charlotte & Villanger, Espen (2026). The Mental-Health Effects of Intimate Partner Violence in Ethiopia. Working Paper - Chr. Michelsen Institute. ISSN 0804-3639. 2026(1). Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas & Løvgren, Mette (2025). Is it Time to Put a Moratorium on List Experiments for Domestic Violence Elicitation? Sociological Methods & Research. ISSN 0049-1241. doi: 10.1177/00491241251372542. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Using data from over 24,000 respondents in the Norwegian Crime Victimization Survey, we conducted a double list experiment to measure domestic violence (DV). Both list experiments revealed a statistically significant decrease in reporting when including a sensitive DV item. This clear violation of the “no design effects” assumption is not only explained by floor effects. One possibility is that the results indicate a “fleeing” behavior whereby respondents try to avoid association with DV. Combined with the inherent power limitations of list experiments in many contexts, these results underscore the need for caution in employing list experiments to measure DV, even in large samples.

• Flatø, Martin; Bratsberg, Bernt Magne; Kotsadam, Andreas; Torvik, Fartein Ask; Røgeberg, Ole & Stoltenberg, Camilla (2025). Ready for school? Effects on school starters of establishing school psychology offices in Norway. Education Economics. ISSN 0964-5292. p. 1–19. doi: 10.1080/09645292.2025.2588588. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  We consider long-term impacts of establishing school psychology offices in Norway. In the 1960s, these offices assessed school readiness resulting in increased postponement of schooling for children born late in the year. We find a positive effect of establishing offices in the 1967–1970 period on adult income, with stronger effects for younger children in each cohort, males, and children in low-income families. After a legislative change in 1976, the offices could reject applications for delayed school entry. In this period, we find no overall benefits of establishing an office, and negative effects on adult earnings for males and disadvantaged children.

• Dahlum, Sirianne; Hanson, Torbjørn; Johnsen, Åshild Auglænd; Kotsadam, Andreas & Wuttke, Alexander (2025). Is support for authoritarian rule contagious? Evidence from field and survey experiments. American Journal of Political Science (AJPS). ISSN 0092-5853. doi: 10.1111/ajps.70067. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The increasing popularity of strongman rule in democratic societies underscores the need to explore how authoritarian regime preferences might spread socially. We assess the role of social influence on support for leaders with authoritarian inclinations through preregistered field and survey experiments in the Norwegian Armed Forces. The field experiment randomly assigned soldiers to different rooms during boot camp, so soldiers lived among peers with varying levels of openness to authoritarian rule. We found that many individuals adjusted their privately reported support for authoritarian rule to align more closely with their peers. Further survey-experimental evidence among soldiers and the general Norwegian population confirms that learning about others’ level of support for authoritarian rule changes both perceptions and own support. Our results suggest that support for authoritarian rule can have a social basis and could potentially spread through social contagion in established democracies.

• Borgen, Nicolai T.; Kirkebøen, Lars Johannessen; Kotsadam, Andreas & Raaum, Oddbjørn (2025). Do funds for more teachers improve student outcomes? The Journal of human resources. ISSN 0022-166X. doi: 10.3368/jhr.0523-12892R2. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  We investigate the effects of a large-scale Norwegian intervention that provided extra teachers to 166 lower secondary schools with relatively high student-teacher ratios and low average grades. We exploit these two margins using a regression discontinuity setup and find that the intervention reduced the student-teacher ratio by around 10%, without crowding out other school resources. The extra funding did not improve test scores and medium-term academic outcomes, and we can reject even small positive effects. We do find that more teachers improved the school environment, including self-reported student well-being, but with the largest impact on aspects of the school environment most weakly associated with better academic outcomes.

• Kielland, Anne; Kotsadam, Andreas & Liu, Jing (2025). Effects of speed-schools in Niger. Journal of Public Economics. ISSN 0047-2727. 243(105307). doi: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105307. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  We evaluate a two-year accelerated education program in Niger. We use a two- phase experimental design where we first randomize the accelerated schools at the community level, and second, within treated communities, we randomize the available slots among interested participants. The program affected education and learning: Almost three times more treated children start lower secondary education (our main educational outcome), and they are more likely to be literate and numerate. Yet, most children still do not have basic reading and math skills after the program. We find no indications of spillover effects of the program. In particular, control children in treated communities are very similar to children in control communities at endline. Despite the effects on educational and learning outcomes, we find no effects on any of our other five main pre-registered outcomes: Beliefs about the appropriate marriage age and gender equality, well-being, support for violence, or engaging in hazardous work.

• Aalen, Lovise; Beeder, Monica; Kotsadam, Andreas & Villanger, Espen (2025). Effects of Jobs on Ethnic Switching–Evidence from a Field Experiment in Ethiopia. Journal of Development Studies. ISSN 0022-0388. 61(9), p. 1404–1421. doi: 10.1080/00220388.2025.2467650. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Ethnicity is a dynamic construct, with individual-level ethnic switching having been reported in numerous contexts. Ethnic switching, typically attributed to instrumental or social identity motivations, is hypothesized to be influenced by employment, as it facilitates a shift away from land-based, ethnic dependencies. However, confirming this theory is challenging due to inherent selection biases in employment. Collaborating with 27 firms across five Ethiopian regions, we randomized job offers to women. Utilizing longitudinal data spanning several years, we find that formal employment causally increases ethnic switching. In-depth qualitative interviews in the two regions with the highest incidence of switching indicate that instrumental factors, including fear during work commutes, are important mechanisms.

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• Kotsadam, Andreas (2026). Fear of crime. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2026). Authoritarianism. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2026). Penalty tax Skatteforum. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2026). Strikes and welfare state development. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2026). Jobs and gender economics. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2026). Hawassa peer effects. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2026). Hawassa dorms. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2026). Jobs and Fertility K. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2026). Jobs and Fertility nhh. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2026). Jobs and Fertility WZB. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2026). Jobs and fertility EUDN. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2026). Jobs and Fertility (Rockwol). Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2026). Jobs and fertility (Osaka). Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2026). Refugee integration and surveys. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2026). Neighborhood effects for refugees. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2026). Nonresponse Bias and Turnout Misreporting in a Refugee Survey. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2026). incentives turnout reporting. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2026). Refugee integration and voter turnout. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2026). Refugee integration and jobs. Full text in Research Archive
• Finseraas, Henning; Kotsadam, Andreas & Hauge, Karen Evelyn (2026). Nonresponse Bias and Turnout Misreporting in a Refugee Survey: Evidence from Randomized Participation Triggers. Full text in Research Archive
• Ringdal, Charlotte; Kotsadam, Andreas; Villanger, Espen & Mosie, Workineh Aynenew (2026). Armed conflict exposure and violent discipline of children at home: Panel evidence from Ethiopia. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas; Villanger, Espen & Pieters, Janneke (2025). Work and motherhood: Female employment does not reduce fertility. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This brief summarizes findings from a long-term randomized controlled trial in Ethiopia that examined how access to factory jobs influences fertility trajectories. The study followed 1,464 married women who applied for jobs in 27 garment and shoe factories located across five industrializing regions. Eligible applicants were screened by firms, after which partnered women were randomly assigned either to receive a job offer or to remain in a control group. Researchers tracked these women for eight to nine years, achieving a 76 percent re-contact rate at endline through an intensive follow-up strategy. The study collected detailed data on fertility histories, employment, income, savings, marriage and household decision-making, and mobility. The factory jobs themselves involved long hours, repetitive tasks, and minimal flexibility, and many applicants reported difficulty reconciling such positions with childcare responsibilities. Key findings:1) Formal factory jobs increased long-run fertility. 2) Fertility rose after women exited factory employment. 3) Childlessness declined significantly among job recipients. 4) Income and savings enabled postponed childbearing. 5) Employment delayed births, but did not reduce them.

• Benedictow, Andreas; Larsen, Erling Røed; Kotsadam, Andreas; Anundsen, André Kallåk; Iversen, Mathias & Norberg-Schulz, Marthe (2025). Mohammed vs Håvard i boligmarkedet. Feltstudie på diskriminering. doi: https:/housinglab.oslomet.no/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/WP2025-1.pdf. Full text in Research Archive
• Benedictow, Andreas; Larsen, Erling Røed; Kotsadam, Andreas; Iversen, Mathias; Norberg-Schulz, Marthe & Anundsen, André Kallåk (2025). Mohammend vs. Håvard in the Norwegian housing rental market. A field experiment. doi: https:/housinglab.oslomet.no/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/WP2025-1.pdf. Full text in Research Archive
• Benedictow, Andreas; Anundsen, André Kallåk; Larsen, Erling Røed; Iversen, Mathias; Norberg-Schulz, Marthe & Kotsadam, Andreas (2025). Mohammed vs. Håvard in the Norwegian housing rental market. A field experiment. doi: https:/housinglab.oslomet.no/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/WP2025-1.pdf. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2025). Felteksperimenter med egap. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2025). Autoritære holdninger smitter gjennom sosial kontakt. [Journal]. Apollon. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2025). Spredning av autoritære holdninger. [Radio]. NRK. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2025). Presentasjon 2: Digital Prompts, Audits, and Penalties: The Spectrum of Tax Enforcement and Compliance. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2025). Presentasjon: Digital Prompts, Audits, and Penalties: The Spectrum of Tax Enforcement and Compliance. Full text in Research Archive
• Ringdal, Charlotte; Gichohi, Matthew Kiragu; Kotsadam, Andreas; Løvgren, Mette & Villanger, Espen (2025). Does it matter what others think? Information, norms and female genital mutilation in Ethiopia. Full text in Research Archive
• Ringdal, Charlotte; Villanger, Espen; Kotsadam, Andreas & Mosie, Workineh Aynenew (2025). Beyond the battlefield: Armed conflict and intimate partner violence in Ethiopia. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas; Villanger, Espen; Ringdal, Charlotte & Workineh, Ayenew (2025). Beyond the Battlefield: Armed Conflict and Domestic Violence in Ethiopia EEA. Full text in Research Archive
• Villanger, Espen; Kotsadam, Andreas; Løvgren, Mette; Getahun, Tigabu Degu & Sitatow, Melese (2025). Addis workshop on data quality and preparation of the Religious Survey. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Including developing the questionnaire and training the field staff.

• Kotsadam, Andreas (2025). Socialist Power and bargaining Outcomes. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2025). Jobs and Fertility in Ethiopia. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2025). Jobs and Fertility in Ethiopia. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2025). Jobs and Fertility in Ethiopia. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2025). Jobs and Fertility in Ethiopia 2. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2025). Jobs and Fertility in Ethiopia 3. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2025). Is Support for Authoritarian Rule Contagious? Evidence from Field and Survey Experiments aa. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2025). Is Support for Authoritarian Rule Contagious? Evidence from Field and Survey Experiments 2. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2025). Is Support for Authoritarian Rule Contagious? Evidence from Field and Survey Experiments 3. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2025). Is Support for Authoritarian Rule Contagious? Evidence from Field and Survey Experiments 4. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2025). Sexual harassment narratives. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2025). Hate crimes in Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2025). Refugee integration in Norway: Comparison to Sweden. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2025). Refugee integration in Norway: Comparison to Sweden a. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2025). Refugee integration in Norway: Incentives and reminder. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2025). Refugee integration in Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2025). Refugee integration in Norway b. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2025). Is Support for Authoritarian Rule Contagious? Evidence from Field and Survey Experiments a. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2025). Questionable research practices in Economics. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2025). 1 - Peer effects on authoritarianism: Evidence from Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2025). Replication Bangladesh. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2025). Refugee integration in Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Ringdal, Charlotte; Kotsadam, Andreas; Gichohi, Matthew Kiragu; Løvgren, Mette & Villanger, Espen (2025). Does it matter what others think? Information, norms, and female genital mutilation in Ethiopia. Full text in Research Archive
• Ringdal, Charlotte; Villanger, Espen; Kotsadam, Andreas & Ayenew, Workineh (2025). Beyond the Battlefield: Armed Conflict and Domestic Violence in Ethiopia. Full text in Research Archive
• Løvgren, Mette; Kotsadam, Andreas & Frøyland, Lars Roar (2025). Langt flere unge utsettes for kriminalitet enn vi trodde. Full text in Research Archive
• Villanger, Espen; Getahun, Tigabu Degu & Kotsadam, Andreas (2024). On the Welfare Impact of Jobs. Full text in Research Archive
• Villanger, Espen & Kotsadam, Andreas (2024). Jobs and Intimate Partner Violence. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2024). Refugee integration. Full text in Research Archive
• Villanger, Espen; Kotsadam, Andreas & Løvgren, Mette (2024). Kick-off meeting and workshop with stakeholders: FGM, religious norms and beliefs. Full text in Research Archive
• Villanger, Espen & Kotsadam, Andreas (2024). Women’s industrial employment and poverty in the short and medium run: evidence from a field experiment in Ethiopia. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2024). Effects of preschools. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2024). 2 - Peer effects on authoritarianism: Evidence from Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2024). Effects of speedschools. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2024). 3 - Peer effects on authoritarianism: Evidence from Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2024). 1 - FGM in Ethiopia. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2024). 8 - Peer effects on authoritarianism: Evidence from Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2024). Birth order and inequality. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2024). 10 - Peer effects on authoritarianism: Evidence from Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2024). Diskriminering av flyktninger. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2024). 11 - Peer effects on authoritarianism: Evidence from Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2024). Adaptive eksperimenter i NFS. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2024). 2 - FGM in Ethiopia. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2024). 5 - Peer effects on authoritarianism: Evidence from Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2024). 4 - Peer effects on authoritarianism: Evidence from Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2024). 7 - Peer effects on authoritarianism: Evidence from Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2024). 6 - Peer effects on authoritarianism: Evidence from Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2024). Political economy of development. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2024). Fair inequality. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2024). FGM and religion. Full text in Research Archive
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2024). 9 - Peer effects on authoritarianism: Evidence from Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Mosie, Workineh Aynenew; Kotsadam, Andreas; Ringdal, Charlotte & Villanger, Espen (2026). War Comes Home: Conflict Exposure and Intimate Partner Violence in Ethiopia. Chr. Michelsen Institutt. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Armed conflict can increase risks of violence within households, including intimate partner violence (IPV). Existing evidence links conflict exposure to IPV, but less is known about whether IPV risk is driven by the presence of conflict or by conflict intensity, whether conflict exacerbates pre-existing IPV or contributes to new IPV, and which household-level pathways accompany these associations. We examine these questions in Ethiopia, a country affected by recent large-scale conflict. Methods: We link geolocated conflict events from the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data (ACLED) to six waves of household panel data collected across five Ethiopian regions between 2016 and 2021. The analytic panel includes approximately 6,650 woman-wave observations from 1,259 households. Conflict exposure is measured as the number of conflict events within 50 km of the associated factory site during the previous six months. Outcomes are women’s reports of physical, sexual, and psychological IPV in the previous three months. We estimate individual and survey-wave fixed-effects models, decompose conflict exposure into the presence of any event and additional events beyond the first, examine heterogeneity by baseline lifetime IPV history, and assess potential pathways. Findings: A one standard deviation increase in conflict events is associated with a 1.1 percentage point (pp) increase in physical IPV (95% CI 0.2 to 2.1) and a 1.1 pp increase in sexual IPV (95% CI 0.4 to 1.9), corresponding to 11% and 33% increases relative to the outcome means. We find no statistically significant association with psychological IPV in the main specification. Decomposing exposure shows that the ∗We thank seminar and conference participants for valuable comments. The research presented in this paper has IRB approval from the Norwegian Centre for Research Data and complies with the Norwegian GDPRregulations. Funding from the Norwegian Research Council (project number 324885) is acknowledged. Authorship is listed alphabetically.association is driven by conflict intensity rather than the presence of any conflict event: additional conflict events beyond the first are associated with higher physical IPV (0.065 pp per event; 95% CI 0.012 to 0.118), sexual IPV (0.068 pp; 95% CI 0.027 to 0.109), and psychological IPV (0.047 pp; 95% CI −0.002 to 0.096). Associations are most apparent among women reporting no lifetime IPV at baseline, and are not statistically significant among women with prior IPV history. Conflict exposure is also associated with higher women’s affective distress (0.21 SD; 95% CI 0.19 to 0.23), higher wife-reported husband stress (3.2 pp; 95% CI 1.8 to 4.6), reduced working hours among women and men, lower husband income, and greater acceptance of wife-beating. Interpretation: Local conflict exposure is associated with higher IPV risk in Ethiopia, with the clearest evidence at higher levels of conflict intensity and among women without prior reported IPV. These findings suggest that severe conflict may broaden IPV risk to households without previous reported abuse. IPV prevention and response in conflict-affected settings should extend beyond previously identified high-risk households and integrate survivor-centered services with mental health and livelihood support.

• Gichohi, Matthew Kiragu; Kotsadam, Andreas; Løvgren, Mette; Ringdal, Charlotte & Villanger, Espen (2025). Does it Matter What Others Think? Information, Norms, and Female Genital Mutilation in Ethiopia. Full text in Research Archive
• Løvgren, Mette; Frøyland, Lars Roar; Jacobsen, Sigurd Eid; Høgestøl, Asle; Kotsadam, Andreas & Bjørnebekk, Olav Laug (2025). Nasjonal trygghetsundersøkelse 2024. OsloMet - storbyuniversitetet. ISSN 9788278948996. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Denne rapporten presenterer hovedresultatene fra Nasjonal trygghetsundersøkelse 2024. Nasjonal trygghetsundersøkelse kartlegger uro og selvopplevd utsatthet for lovbrudd i den norske befolkninga. Undersøkelsen har tidligere blitt gjennomført i 2020, 2022 og 2023. Fem grupper lovbrudd blir redegjort for i egne kapitler: 1) Tyveri, innbrudd og ran, 2) vold og trusler, 3) seksuell vold, 4) digital kriminalitet og 5) diskriminering, hatefulle ytringer og hatkriminalitet. Undersøkelsen viser at én av tre nordmenn ble utsatt for lovbrudd i 2024. Unge og sårbare grupper rammes hardest, og mange vegrer seg for å anmelde lovbrudd. Uroen for kriminalitet er størst blant kvinner og i urbane strøk. Nasjonal trygghetsundersøkelse er gjennomført av forskere og utredere fra NOVA ved OsloMet, Frischsenteret og ideas2evidence. ideas2evidence har utarbeidet en teknisk beskrivelse av Nasjonal trygghetsundersøkelse 2024: https://hdl.handle.net/11250/5275791

• Løvgren, Mette; Frøyland, Lars Roar; Høgestøl, Asle; Kotsadam, Andreas & Bjørnebekk, Olav Laug (2025). Nasjonal trygghetsundersøkelse 2023. OsloMet - storbyuniversitetet. ISSN 9788278948811. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Nasjonal trygghetsundersøkelse kartlegger uro og selvopplevd utsatthet for lovbrudd i den norske befolkningen. Denne rapporten presenterer hovedresultatene fra Nasjonal trygghetsundersøkelse 2023. Undersøkelsen er gjennomført to ganger tidligere i Norge, i 2020 og 2022. Rapporten viser tillit, uro og generell utsatthet for lovbrudd, samt anmeldelsestilbøyelighet. Fem grupper lovbrudd blir redegjort for i egne kapitler. 1) Tyveri, innbrudd og ran, 2) vold og trusler, 3) seksuell vold, 4) digital kriminalitet og 5) diskriminering, hatefulle ytringer og hatkriminalitet. Undersøkelsen viser at én av tre nordmenn ble utsatt for lovbrudd i 2023, omtrent det samme som året før. Tallene tyder på at kriminalitetsbildet i Norge er stabilt, men med økende digitale lovbrudd og fortsatt høye mørketall. Unge og sårbare grupper rammes hardest, og mange vegrer seg for å anmelde lovbrudd. Uroen for kriminalitet er størst blant kvinner og i urbane strøk. Nasjonal trygghetsundersøkelse er gjennomført av forskere og utredere fra NOVA og NIBR ved OsloMet, Frischsenteret og ideas2evidence. Undersøkelsen er finansiert av Justis- og beredskapsdepartementet.

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