Nantje Fischer

• Jong, David C. de; Uhlich, Maximiliane; Fischer, Nantje; Ginn, Christopher; Baker, Andrew & Rahm-Knigge, Ryan [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). The Varieties of Masturbatory Experience: Prevalences in a U.S. National Sample and Recommendations for Future Investigations. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy. ISSN 0092-623X. 52(3), s. 254–254. doi: 10.1080/0092623x.2026.2628649. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Fischer, Nantje; Kozák, M.; Graham, C. A.; Clifton, S.; Mercer, C. H. & Mitchell, K. R. (2025). Trends in Masturbation Prevalence and Associated Factors: Findings from the British National Surveys of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles. Journal of Sex Research. ISSN 0022-4499. 63(4), s. 498–509. doi: 10.1080/00224499.2025.2555053. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Previous evidence suggests that masturbation has a complementary function for women and a compensatory function for men. However, in light of changing attitudes toward masturbation, this gendered model of compensation versus complementation may not remain valid. We studied trends in masturbation prevalence over time and identified sociodemographic, sexual life, attitudinal, and relationship factors associated with reporting masturbation. Data were from individuals taking part in repeat cross-sectional probability sample surveys of the British general population National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal): 11161 individuals aged 16–44 years in 1999–2001 (Natsal-2), and 15,162 individuals aged 16–74 years in 2010–12 (Natsal-3). There was a statistically significant increase in the prevalence of reported masturbation in the past month (from 37.0% to 40.3% in women and from 73.4% to 77.5% in men) between 1999 and 2001 and 2010–12. Men who reported the highest intercourse frequency were less likely to report masturbation in the past month, while women with higher intercourse frequency were more likely to report masturbation in the past month. Women and men reporting masturbation in the past month were more likely to report: preference for more frequent intercourse; discrepant sexual interest with a partner; dissatisfaction or distress/worry about their sex life; or sexual difficulties or a partner with sexual difficulties. Hence, when partnered sexuality faces challenges, masturbation may serve as a replacement for both women and men.

• Ivanova, Anna; Fluit, Sam; Fischer, Nantje; Soest, Tilmann Martin von & Kozák, Michal (2025). Masturbation Trajectories from Late Adolescence into Mid-Adulthood: A Population-Based Longitudinal Study. Journal of Sex Research. ISSN 0022-4499. doi: 10.1080/00224499.2025.2489091. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Štulhofer, Aleksandar; Fischer, Nantje; Hansen, Thomas; Graham, Cynthia A. & Træen, Bente (2025). Positive Sexual Aging: A Novel Concept and Bi-Country Development of a Brief Measure. Archives of Sexual Behavior. ISSN 0004-0002. 54, s. 2185–2198. doi: 10.1007/s10508-025-03158-7. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Fischer, Nantje (2023). Singles Not Sexually Satisfied? Prevalence and Predictors of Sexual Satisfaction in Single versus Partnered Adults. International Journal of Sexual Health. ISSN 1931-7611. doi: 10.1080/19317611.2023.2241849. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Fischer, Nantje; Træen, Bente & Samuelsen, Sven Ove (2022). Sexual Debut Ages in Heterosexual Norwegians Across Six Birth Cohorts. Sexuality & Culture. ISSN 1095-5143. doi: 10.1007/s12119-022-10045-z. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This study aims to estimate six different sexual debut ages in heterosexual Norwegians in six birth cohorts of the general population in Norway. The results are based on a 2020 national web panel survey of 18–89-year-olds in Norway (n = 4160). There was a general decline in the median debut age from those aged 70+ to those 18–29 (born 1991–2002). Oral sex with a female partner has become increasingly common among men at an earlier age across generations. The same pattern was found in women as well with regard to oral sex with a male partner and receptive anal sex. There was a slight increase in median debut age in 18–29-year-olds for receptive vaginal sex (born 1991–2002). The median debut age for vaginal sex was fairly stable for generations of men and women born after 1950.

• Træen, Bente; Fischer, Nantje & Grøndahl, Pål (2022). Norwegian Data on Prevalence, Sexual Risk Behaviors, Sexual Problems, and Sexual Satisfaction in Men Who Have Sex Exclusively with Women, Men Who Have Sex Exclusively with Men, and Men Who Have Sex with Men and Women. International Journal of Sexual Health. ISSN 1931-7611. doi: 10.1080/19317611.2022.2126056. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This study investigates how men who have sex exclusively with women (MSEW) differ from men who have sex exclusively with men (MSEM), and men who have sex with men and women (MSMW) on selected variables. A probability-based web sample of 2,181 men was recruited. Most MSEM considered their sexual identity as gay, and most MSMW as heterosexual. The MSEM were the most frequent condom users, while MSMW were the least frequent users and had the highest number of sexual partners. The MSEM and MSMW had lower likelihood of premature ejaculation than MSEW. MSMW should be targeted in health campaigns.

• Fischer, Nantje & Træen, Bente (2022). A Seemingly Paradoxical Relationship Between Masturbation Frequency and Sexual Satisfaction. Archives of Sexual Behavior. ISSN 0004-0002. 51(6), s. 3151–3167. doi: 10.1007/s10508-022-02305-8. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Despite many benefits related to masturbation, we know surprisingly little about how solo sex is associated with sexual satisfaction. Using questionnaire data from a probability-based sample of 4,160 Norwegians aged 18–89 years, we explored subgroups of women and men that differed in their masturbation–sexual satisfaction typology and examined whether sociodemographic, psychological, and sexual behavioral characteristics were associated with distinct masturbation–satisfaction patterns. A cluster analysis revealed four similar groupings for women and men, reflecting sex lives characterized by high masturbation/sexual satisfaction, low masturbation/sexual satisfaction, high masturbation/sexual dissatisfaction, or low masturbation/sexual dissatisfaction. While being younger, higher pornography consumption, and sexual variety were primarily associated with increased masturbation frequency, sexual distress and a negative body and genital self-image were more clearly associated with sexual dissatisfaction. Predicting different masturbation–satisfaction groupings also revealed some gender-specific findings in the use of pornography, and in the association between masturbation and intercourse frequency, which suggested a complementary pattern for women and a compensatory pattern for men. Our findings emphasize that the linkage between masturbation and sexual satisfaction warrants closer focus.

• Træen, Bente; Fischer, Nantje & Grøndahl, Pål (2022). Norwegian Data on Prevalence, Sexual Risk Behaviors, Sexual Problems, and Sexual Satisfaction in women who have sex exclusively with women, women who have sex exclusively with men, and women who have sex with men and women. International Journal of Sexual Health. ISSN 1931-7611. doi: 10.1080/19317611.2022.2137267. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The study explores the difference between Women Who Have Sex Exclusively with Men (WSEM), Women Who Have Sex Exclusively with Women (WSEW), and Women Who Have Sex with Women and Men (WSWM). The data were obtained from a survey of a probability-based web sample of 1,967 Norwegian women. Most WSWM identified themselves as heterosexuals (76.3%), and three out of ten used a condom when having sex with a new partner. The highest number of sex partners during the last year was reported by WSWM. More WSEW than the other categories reported premature orgasm. WSWM should be targeted in health campaigns.

• Træen, Bente; Fischer, Nantje & Kvalem, Ingela Lundin (2021). Sexual intercourse activity and activities associated with sexual interaction in Norwegians of different sexual orientations and ages. Sexual and Relationship Therapy. ISSN 1468-1994. doi: 10.1080/14681994.2021.1912316. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Purpose: To study different subgroups of Norwegians’ frequency of sexual intercourse and the activities that Norwegians engage in during intercourse. Methods: Data were collected from a questionnaire survey of a representative web sample of 4,160 Norwegians aged 18 to 89 years. The response rate was 35%. Results: The majority of men (65%) and women (61%) reported sexual intercourse activity during the past month, and it was most common to report such activity 2 or 3 times per month. Partnered participants most often reported having intercourse weekly. The intercourse frequency of 2 to 3 times per week declined from 35% in participants aged 18 to 29 years to 8% in participants 60 years and older. The most common heterosexual activities reported were vaginal sex, stimulated genitals with the hands or mouth, use of sex toys, and anal sex. Younger and middle-aged Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender/Transsexual, Intersex, Asexual [LGBTIA] men most often reported activities such as mutual masturbation, oral sex, and anal sex. Younger and middle-aged LGBTIA women most frequently reported mutual masturbation, vaginal sex, and oral sex. Conclusion: There seems to be a generational shift in types of activities in participants 59 years or younger, and those 60 years and above.

• Fischer, Nantje & Træen, Bente (2021). Prevalence of sexual difficulties and related distress, and their association with sexual avoidance in Norway. International Journal of Sexual Health. ISSN 1931-7611. 34(1), s. 27–40. doi: 10.1080/19317611.2021.1926040. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Aim To assess the prevalence of sexual difficulties and related distress, the association between sexual difficulties and sexual avoidance, and to establish whether sexual difficulties and sexual avoidance are moderated by relationship satisfaction. Methods This study included a sample of 4160 adults aged 18–89 years enrolled from a randomly selected web panel of 11,685 Norwegians. Results Sexual difficulties were particularly common among adults aged <30 years. In men and women, lack of interest in sex and general sexual distress were associated with more sexual avoidance. The association between lack of sexual interest and sexual avoidance was, however, buffered by relationship satisfaction. Climaxing too early was related to less sexual avoidance in both genders. Yet for men, this association was only significant among those with lower relationship satisfaction. Conclusion The findings underline the important links among specific sexual difficulties, sexual distress, and the frequency of avoiding sexual activity.

• Træen, Bente & Fischer, Nantje (2021). Use of protection for unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections in six birth cohorts in Norway 2020: A descriptive study. Sexuality & Culture. ISSN 1095-5143. doi: 10.1007/s12119-021-09879-w. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Aim: This study describes the use of contraception and protection for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in six different birth cohorts of the general population in Norway. Methods: The results are based on a 2020 national web panel survey among 18–89 year-olds in Norway (n = 4,160). Results: For respondents born within 1931–1950 versus those born within 1990–2002, there was a significant increase in the use of protection against unwanted pregnancy and STIs during sexual intercourse, and a significant drop in the proportion of those who did not use any protection at all. More women today (than in previous decades) are using hormonal contraception. The main reason for not using condoms during intercourse was both parties felt safe that they were healthy, especially those born within 1990–2002. Conclusion: To prevent unwanted pregnancy and STIs, it is beneficial to continue to increase the availability of free or subsidized hormonal contraception, including emergency contraception, and free condoms in public arenas that people frequent and where they meet their partners.

• Fischer, Nantje; Graham, Cynthia A.; Træen, Bente & Hald, Gert Martin (2021). Prevalence of Masturbation and Associated Factors Among Older Adults in Four European Countries. Archives of Sexual Behavior. ISSN 0004-0002. doi: 10.1007/s10508-021-02071-z. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Abstract Solitary sexual activity is a free, safe, and accessible way to experience sexual pleasure. Despite these advantages, research on masturbation in later life is highly understudied. Using data from a cross-sectional probability-based survey of 3816 European adults (mean age 67 years; range 60–75 years), we explored several sociodemographic, health, attitudinal, and sexual behavioral factors associated with reported masturbation frequency. Across all countries, between 41% and 65% of men and 27% and 40% of women reported any masturbation in the preceding month. Satisfaction with sexual activity and attitudes related to disapproval of sex without love were significant predictors of reported masturbation in almost all countries and in both genders. Age, education, self-perceived health, and depression were for the most part predictive of men’s reported masturbation, but not women’s. Generally, those believing sex is beneficial to older people were more likely to masturbate, while less permissive attitudes decreased the likelihood of reporting masturbation. To improve healthy sexual aging, misinformation about masturbation and sexual attitudes in older people need to be addressed.

• Træen, Bente; Fischer, Nantje & Kvalem, Ingela Lundin (2021). Sexual Variety in Norwegian Men and Women of Different Sexual Orientations and Ages. Journal of Sex Research. ISSN 0022-4499. 59(2), s. 238–247. doi: 10.1080/00224499.2021.1952156. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The purpose of the paper was to examine Norwegians’ incorporation of seven varied sexual acts. Data were obtained from a questionnaire survey of a probability-based web sample of 2,181 men and 1,967 women aged 18–89 years. Among seven acts of sexual variety, the most common sexual experiences were trying to watch pornography with a partner, engaging in sex in unusual places, and using sex toys. Older age was negatively associated with all acts of sexual variety. Regarding more unorthodox acts of sexual variety, heterosexual men’s sexual preferences involved having and desiring group sex, whereas heterosexual women’s sexual experiences and desires involved having sex in unusual places. Lesbian, gay, bisexual (LGB) individuals generally showed greater curiosity or experience of having group sex and engaging in BDSM (bondage, discipline, dominance and submission, and sadomasochism) activities than heterosexual adults. However, while LGB men had a high preference for group sex activities, LGB women had more positive attitudes towards BDSM activity. Individuals appear to accumulate more acts of sexual variety over time, thus making the incorporation of sexual variety a function of age. This study supports the idea that sexual variety has expanded among those born from 1960 onwards.

• Træen, Bente; Hald, Gert Martin; Fischer, Nantje & Janssen, Erick (2020). European older adults’ use of lubricants and medications to enhance erectile function. International Journal of Sexual Health. ISSN 1931-7611. 32(2), s. 81–93. doi: 10.1080/19317611.2020.1749210. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  What is the prevalence of using lubricants and medication to enhance erectile function among older adults, and what predicts such use? Survey data were collected in probability samples among 60–75 year-olds in Norway, Denmark, Belgium, and Portugal. In men, use of medication was highest in Norway (26%) and lowest in Portugal (12%). In women, use of lubricants was highest in Norway (31%), and lowest in Belgium (3%). Compared to those who had no sexual difficulties, use of medication/lubricants were higher in individuals with sexual difficulties. The findings contribute to an increased attention to the sexual health of older adults.

• Fischer, Nantje; Stulhofer, Aleksandar; Hald, Gert Martin; Carvalheira, Ana & Træen, Bente (2020). Sexual Satisfaction in Older Heterosexual Couples From Four European Countries: Exploring the Roles of Actual and Perceived Discrepancy in Sexual Interest. Journal of Sex Research. ISSN 0022-4499. doi: 10.1080/00224499.2020.1809615. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Even though sexual activity frequently takes place with another person, research rarely focuses on how partners influence each other’s sexual lives. This study used the sexual dyad to compare the concept of actual versus perceived discrepancy in sexual interest and explored how each is related to older partnered individuals’ sexual satisfaction. Further, the study assessed the robustness of the association between sexual interest discrepancy and sexual satisfaction, if any, by controlling for emotional intimacy. The actor–partner interdependence model (APIM) using structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied to examine 677 heterosexual couples ages 60 to 75 in Norway, Denmark, Belgium, and Portugal. Although a couple’s actual discrepancy in sexual interest was not predictive of female and male partners’ sexual satisfaction, perceived discrepancy was negatively associated with sexual satisfaction in both partners after controlling for emotional intimacy. This indicates that the subjective feelings of being sexually dissimilar seem to be more important to sexual satisfaction than the actual mismatch among partners in older heterosexual couples. Moreover, the finding that emotional intimacy is linked with sexual satisfaction underscores the importance of a broader perspective on sexuality among older adults.

• Fischer, Nantje; Træen, Bente; Stulhofer, Aleksandar & Hald, Gert Martin (2019). Mechanisms underlying the association between perceived discrepancy in sexual interest and sexual satisfaction among partnered older adults in four European countries. European Journal of Ageing. ISSN 1613-9372. s. 1–12. doi: 10.1007/s10433-019-00541-x. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The ways in which the discrepancy between one’s own interest in sex and that of one’s partner may affect personal sexual satisfaction has rarely been systematically studied, especially among older adults. Previous research among younger adults indicates that a discrepancy in sexual desire can be detrimental in terms of several relationship outcomes, including sexual satisfaction. This study aimed to investigate a conceptual model of sexual satisfaction among coupled older adults which posits that the association between perceived discrepancy in sexual interest and sexual satisfaction is mediated by the frequency of sexual activity and emotional closeness during sex. Data from a probability-based postal survey that included 2695 partnered heterosexual adults aged 60–75 years from four European countries (Norway, Denmark, Belgium, and Portugal) were used to test the mediation model. Due to expected gender differences in the two mediators, all analyses were carried out separately for men and women. The findings supported the proposed model, suggesting that as an individual’s perception of a discrepancy in sexual interest increases, his or her levels of sexual frequency and perceived closeness during sex decrease—which in turn diminishes sexual satisfaction. The results of this study provide insights into links among sexual interest, sexual frequency, emotional closeness, and sexual satisfaction in older adults, and point to substantial similarities in the sexuality of aging men and women in this regard.

• Fischer, Nantje; Træen, Bente & Hald, Gert Martin (2018). Predicting Partnered Sexual Activity among Older Adults in Four European Countries: The Role of Attitudes, Health and Relationship Factors. Sexual and Relationship Therapy. ISSN 1468-1994. s. 1–19. doi: 10.1080/14681994.2018.1468560. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Aim: To investigate factors that predict partnered sexual activity in men and women aged 60–75 years from Norway, Denmark, Belgium, and Portugal. Methods: Cross-sectional study including national representative samples of people aged 60–75 years from Norway (676 men, 594 women), Denmark (530 men, 515 women), Belgium (318 men, 672 women), and Portugal (236 men, 273 women). Data were collected by means of anonymous questionnaires. Results: Generally, across countries, the two most important predictors of partnered sexual activity were positive attitudes toward ‘Sex for well-being’, and sexual problems in the partner. Other important predictors of partnered sexual activity included positive attitudes toward sexual changes due to aging, previous sexual activity, and relationship happiness. Conclusion: The sexual function of the partner and people’s own sexual attitudes were highly predictive of partnered sexual activity.

• Fischer, Nantje & Træen, Bente (2016). Medisinstudenters intensjon om å tematisere seksualitet i behandlingsrommet. Scandinavian Psychologist. 3(e14). doi: 10.15714/scandpsychol.3.e14. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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• Evje, Jacob; Ivanova, Anna; Nysæter, Maren Kristin; Fischer, Nantje & Øvrum, Marthe Holmedal (2025). Skeives helse-søkende atferd - Funn fra rapport 1. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Evje, Jacob; Nysæter, Maren Kristin; Nygård, Stine; Ivanova, Anna; Bjaalid, Emily & Fluit, Sam [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). LGBTQ+ health-seeking: A scoping review of health care needs, experiences and barriers. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nygård, Stine; Ivanova, Anna & Fischer, Nantje (2024). Er ufrivillig singelhet egentlig et mannsproblem? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Fischer, Nantje & Træen, Bente (2020). Sexual satisfaction in older couples from four European countries: exploring the effects of actual and perceived discrepancy in sexual interest, physical affection, and emotional intimacy. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Fischer, Nantje; Træen, Bente & Stulhofer, Aleksandar (2018). The Mechanisms between Sexual Interest and Sexual Satisfaction among Older Partnered Adults in Europe: A Moderated Mediation Model. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Ivanova, Anna; Nysæter, Maren Kristin & Fischer, Nantje (2025). Skeives psykiske helse fra tjenesteyteres perspektiv: En kunnskapsoppsummering av psykisk helsearbeideres erfaringer i møte med skeive pasienter. CENSE – Norsk forskningssenter for seksuell helse. ISSN 9788256930012. doi: https:/www.sv.uio.no/psi/forskning/grupper/cense/publikasjoner/skeives-psykiske-helse-fra-tjenesteyteres-perspekt.html. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  BAKGRUNN Denne rapporten er del to av en todelt kunnskapsoppsummering om skeive og psykiske helsetjenester i Skandinavia og internasjonalt. Formålet er å sammenfatte hva tjenesteytere rapporterer om møter med skeive, og å synliggjøre barrierer og tilretteleggere for bekreftende praksis på tvers av individ-, organisasjons- og strukturnivå. METODE Vi gjennomførte en kartleggingsoversikt (scoping review) med hovedfokus på Norge, Sverige og Danmark, supplert med litteratur fra OECD-land. Søk ble gjennomført i internasjonale databaser i mai 2025 og i målrettede skandinaviske kilder i august 2025. Internasjonalt inkluderte vi fagfellevurderte studier og Ph.d.-avhandlinger, mens den skandinaviske delen også inkluderte rapporter og masteroppgaver på grunn av et begrenset evidensgrunnlag. Referanser ble screenet i Covidence, og data ble systematisert i et uthentingsskjema. Funnene ble analysert med en best-fit framework-analyse forankret i en sosioøkologisk modell med tre nivåer (individ, organisasjon og struktur). RESULTATER Datamaterialet omfattet 35 skandinaviske studier (2010–2025) og 99 internasjonale studier (2020–2025). Funnene viser at tjenesteyteres mulighet til å tilby bekreftende og tilgjengelige psykiske helsetjenester påvirkes av forhold på flere nivåer, og at ansvar ofte blir liggende på enkeltpersoner når organisatoriske og strukturelle rammer er uklare. Vi oppsummerer hovedfunnene på tre nivåer: INDIVIDNIVÅ Studiene beskriver en ujevn kompetanse og varierende faglig selvtillit, særlig knyttet til terminologi og praktiske ferdigheter (for eksempel navn/pronomen og transspesifikke spørsmål) og en bekymring for å gjøre feil. Dette kan bidra til at temaer om seksuell orientering og kjønnsidentitet (SOKI) utsettes eller ikke tas opp før brukeren selv introduserer dem. Strategier som innebærer å behandle alle likt, samt forståelser av SOKI som et privat anliggende, kan stå i et spenningsforhold til minoritetsbevisste perspektiver. Samtidig viser studiene at heteronormative og binære antakelser kommer til uttrykk i behandleres språkbruk og kliniske vurderinger. Etiske dilemmaer handler blant annet om når og hvordan man spør om SOKI, konfidensialitet og risiko for utilsiktet outing. I tillegg oppstår utfordringer knyttet til sensitiv dokumentasjon i journalsystemer med binære kategorier. Samtidig fremheves bekreftende mikropraksiser (inkluderende språk, korrekt navn/pronomen og reparasjon ved feil), men også utfordringer knyttet til risikovurdering, henvisningsterskler og behandlerbelastning, særlig i transforløp. ORGANISASJONSNIVÅ På organisasjonsnivå rapporteres det gjennomgående fravær av eller uklarhet i retningslinjer, rutiner og strukturer for implementering. Dette gjør at inkluderende praksis ofte blir prosjektbasert eller ad hoc-organisert, og dermed avhengig av enkeltpersoner. SOKI er i liten grad integrert i standardmaler, skjema og dokumentasjonsrutiner, og studiene beskriver lite systematisk kompetansebygging. Behov for kontinuerlig, praksisnær opplæring, veiledning og kollegastøtte fremheves, samtidig som tids- og ressursbegrensninger og personalomsetning undergraver langsiktighet. Studiene peker også på barrierer i kapasitet, koordinering og pasientforløp, inkludert fragmentering og portvokting, særlig i transrelatert oppfølging. I tillegg kan binære registrerings- og journalsystemer samt personvernhensyn vanskeliggjøre rutinemessig kartlegging og trygg dokumentasjon. Synlige inkluderingssignaler beskrives som døråpnere, men det understrekes at de er utilstrekkelige dersom de ikke følges av kompetanse, ledelsesforankring og endret praksis. STRUKTURNIVÅ På strukturnivå beskriver studiene hvordan sosial kontekst og strukturelt stigma (heteronormative og binære normer, tabu, frykt for diskriminering og interseksjonelle stigmaer) former både tjenestenes handlingsrom og hjelpsøking. Tjenesteinfrastruktur og systemets navigerbarhet fremheves som sentralt, der sentraliserte strukturer, utydelige henvisningsveier, silotenkning og lange ventetider fremstår som systemiske hindre. Kjønnssegregerte tjenester og plasseringskriterier kan begrense trygghet og tilgang for trans og ikke-binære brukere. Juridiske kjønnskategorier, taushetsplikt og dokumentasjonskrav samt diagnostiske retningslinjer beskrives som førende rammer som strukturerer tilbud og roller i praksis. Videre fremheves begrensede datastandarder for SOKI og ujevn dekning av skeiv tematikk i grunnutdanning. Samtidig beskrives sivilsamfunnsaktører som viktige kompetanse- og støtteressurser i kapasitetsbygging og samarbeid. BIDRAG Rapporten sammenstiller forskningsbasert kunnskap om psykisk helsearbeideres erfaringer i møte med skeive pasienter, med særlig vekt på en skandinavisk kontekst. Vi presenterer et evidensbasert operasjonelt sosioøkologisk rammeverk som kan brukes for å bedre forstå hvordan barrierer og tilretteleggere oppstår på individ-, organisasjons- og strukturnivå, og som eventuelt kan brukes for å planlegge tiltak som ikke legger hele ansvaret på den enkelte behandler. På bakgrunn av funnene gir vi også korte anbefalinger.

• Evje, Jacob; Nysæter, Maren Kristin; Ivanova, Anna; Nygård, Stine; Lock, Lennart & Fischer, Nantje (2025). Skeives helse- søkende atferd: En kunnskapsoppsummering av behov, barrierer og erfaringer i møte med helsetjenesten. CENSE – Norsk forskningssenter for seksuell helse. ISSN 9788256930005. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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