Ludvig Daae Bjørndal

• Vira, Emily Gabriela; Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae; Kjøbli, John; Røysamb, Espen; Helland, Siri Saugestad & Nes, Ragnhild Bang (2026). Automatic emotional responses as a transdiagnostic risk and emotional control as a protective factor for adolescent psychopathology: a network analysis. Scientific Reports. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-60118-4. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Abstract Adolescence is a critical developmental period marked by heightened risk for emotion-related impulsivity (ERI), challenges in emotion regulation (ER), and mental health difficulties. Dual-process models propose that individuals respond to emotions either automatically or deliberately, with implications for mental health. We applied network analysis using a Gaussian Graphical Model to examine associations between automatic and deliberate emotional responses and symptoms of internalizing, externalizing, and thought problems in a general population of adolescents from south-east Norway ( N  = 918; Mage = 13.97, SD = 0.93, range = 12–18; 54.60% female). This cross-sectional study relied on self-report. Automatic ER and ERI nodes exhibited the most connections with symptom nodes across internalizing, externalizing, and thought problems. The strongest association linked limited access to ER strategies with feeling down and depressed. Deliberate ER nodes were also interconnected with symptoms, the strongest association showing more emotional control being linked to less feeling bad or not liking oneself. Several nodes demonstrated many or strong connections with other nodes within and across their groupings (i.e., strength and bridge centrality, respectively). Findings suggest that responding automatically may reflect a transdiagnostic risk factor and emotional control may serve as a protective factor, and these may be particularly useful targets in intervention and prevention efforts. Future studies are needed to determine causality.

• Bridger, Emma K.; Maltby, John; Fried, Eiko I.; Ebrahimi, Omid V. & Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae (2026). Linking psychological distress and multilevel socioeconomic disadvantage: A representative population-based study of 15,851 U.K. adults. American Psychologist. ISSN 0003-066X. doi: 10.1037/amp0001705. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae; Hegemann, Laura Elizabeth; Pettersen, Johanne Hagen; Corfield, Elizabeth Claire; Hannigan, Laurie & Yilmaz, Zeynep [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2026). Investigating Relationships Between Genetic Risk, Childhood Maltreatment, and Eating Disorders in Women. Biological Psychiatry: Global Open Science. 6(5). doi: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2026.100761. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Genetic and environmental factors contribute to eating disorder risk, yet their interplay is poorly understood. We examined whether childhood maltreatment and polygenic scores for anorexia nervosa (PGS-AN) and binge-eating broad (PGS-BEB) are associated with eating disorders. We also examined the interactions between childhood maltreatment and PGSs in predicting eating disorders. Methods This nested case-control study used data from up to 63,989 mothers in the MoBa (Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study). Mothers reported on their own experiences of 4 childhood maltreatment types: long-term humiliation or degradation, threats to self or someone close, physical abuse, and sexual abuse. Diagnoses of AN, bulimia nervosa (BN), binge-eating disorder (BED), purging disorder (PD), and binge-eating spectrum disorders (BESP) were obtained using self-report data from 5 time points and population health registers. Results The prevalence of AN, BN, BED, PD, and BESP was 2.19%, 4.15%, 10.39%, 0.60%, and 12.96%, respectively. All childhood maltreatment types were strongly associated with elevated eating disorder likelihood (with odds ratios [ORs] ranging from 1.71 to 3.29) as were eating disorder PGSs (with ORs ranging from 1.05 to 1.31). There were no multiplicative interaction effects between childhood maltreatment and PGSs. Small additive interactions were observed between PGS-AN and PGS-BEB and degradation/humiliation for BN and BESP in exploratory analyses. Conclusions Eating disorder PGSs and childhood maltreatment are associated with higher odds of eating disorders. Furthermore, we found tentative evidence of small additive interaction effects between polygenic liability and childhood maltreatment, suggesting that their combined influence further elevates the risk of some eating disorders.

• Karl, Valerie; Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae; Aksnes, Eira Ranheim; Teulings, Irene Johanna Elisabeth; MacSweeney, Niamh Anne & Beck, Dani [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2026). Symptom-specific links between internalizing problems and functional connectivity in adolescents: a network analysis. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. ISSN 1018-8827. doi: 10.1007/s00787-026-02989-6. Full text in Research Archive
• Teulings, Irene Johanna Elisabeth; Deserno, Marie K.; Liu, Jinrui; Nes, Ragnhild Bang; Røysamb, Espen & Vittersø, Joar [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2026). Beyond the borders of wellbeing: network analyses reveal the fuzzy boundaries between wellbeing domains. Journal of Positive Psychology. ISSN 1743-9760. doi: 10.1080/17439760.2026.2651077. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Understanding what constitutes a good life is central to psychological research, yet wellbeing models remain contested with respect to their structure and borders. We employ a network approach to investigate how wellbeing dimensions interrelate and whether they form distinct or overlapping constructs. Using a large, population-based sample from the European Social Survey (N = 45,122; 29 countries), we identified strong links between a broad range of wellbeing indicators across different theoretical domains. Community detection revealed six empirical clusters that partially align with existing distinctions (e.g. hedonic versus eudaimonic wellbeing). However, we also identified 11 indicators belonging to multiple clusters, demonstrating the fuzzy boundaries between wellbeing domains. These results highlight the need for integrative frameworks that better capture the interconnected nature of wellbeing. Our findings encourage more granular analyses and underscore the need for comprehensive measurement tools to advance wellbeing research, inform policy, and guide public health efforts.

• Tamnes, Christian K.; Bekkhus, Mona; Eilertsen, Maja; Nes, Ragnhild Bang; Prydz, Monica Beer & Ystrom, Eivind [Show all 63 contributors for this article] (2025). The nature of the relation between mental well-being and ill-being. Nature Human Behaviour. 9(12), p. 2431–2440. doi: 10.1038/s41562-025-02319-x. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae; Corfield, Elizabeth Claire; Hannigan, Laurie John; Ayorech, Ziada; Bulik, Cynthia M. & Watson, Hunna J. [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2025). Prevalence, Characteristics, and Genetic Architecture of Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Phenotypes. JAMA pediatrics. ISSN 2168-6203. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2025.4786. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Importance: A narrow range of food consumption and/or restricted eating is a core feature of avoidant/restrictive food intake (ARFI) disorder. However, there is limited knowledge of developmental characteristics of children with ARFI and its etiological influences, which constrains research, prevention, and intervention efforts. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of ARFI phenotypes in a population-based sample, examine developmental characteristics across childhood, and investigate the genetic architecture of ARFI using genome-wide association analyses. Design, Setting, and Participants: This preregistered study used data from children born from 1999 to 2009 in the population-based Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), with mother-reported data on ARFI symptoms at 3 and 8 years and linkage with diagnostic data from population health registries. Data were analyzed from March 2024 to May 2025. Exposures: Multiple items were used to identify children with broad ARFI. These children were subclassified into 3 groups based on symptom persistence: ARFI–broad transient (only at age 3 years), emergent (only at age 8 years), and persistent (ages 3 and 8 years). Children in these groups with 1 or more indicators of clinical significance (eg, nutritional deficiency) were further classified into ARFI-clinical subgroups. Main Outcomes and Measures: ARFI groups were compared across developmental characteristics from 6 months to 14 years. Genome-wide methods were used to examine single-nucleotide variant (SNV) heritability (SNV- h 2 ), conduct genetic association analyses, and quantify genetic correlations with other phenotypes. Results: Of 35 751 children with available ARFI assessments at 3 and 8 years (18 236 male [51%]), the prevalence of ARFI–broad persistent, transient, and emergent was 2129 (6.0%), 6338 (17.7%), and 3001 (8.4%), respectively. The prevalence of ARFI-clinical persistent, transient, and emergent was 624 (1.8%), 1157 (3.2%), and 484 (1.4%), respectively (2265 [6.3%] overall). Children with ARFI–broad persistent exhibited more developmental difficulties compared with children with no ARFI. SNV- h 2 ranged from 8% to 16%. Two independent genome-wide significant loci were identified. For ARFI-clinical, a significant association was identified with ADCY3 ( z  = 5.42; P  = 3.03 × 10 −8 ). Small to moderate genetic correlations were observed for ARFI-broad, ARFI-clinical and mental health, cognitive/educational, anthropometric, food-associated, and gastrointestinal disorder phenotypes. Conclusions and Relevance: This cohort study found that the prevalence of ARFI in the general pediatric population was substantial, and affected children had an associated elevated risk of developmental difficulties across multiple domains. Findings suggest a need for broad support interventions and advance understanding of the genetic underpinnings of ARFI.

• Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae; Wootton, Robyn; Ebrahimi, Omid V.; Piazza, Giulia G.; Hegemann, Laura Elizabeth & Corfield, Elizabeth Claire [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2025). Unravelling symptom-specific polygenic effects on maternal mental health during the perinatal period and postpartum. Journal of Affective Disorders. ISSN 0165-0327. 392. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2025.120228. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae; Ebrahimi, Omid V. & Bauermeister, Sarah (2025). The dynamic interplay between mental health difficulties and the family environment in early adolescence. JCPP Advances. doi: 10.1002/jcv2.70037. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Adolescents experiencing mental health problems have an elevated risk of persisting difficulties as they transition into adulthood, stressing the importance of identifying modifiable factors impacting mental health during adolescence. The family environment is recognised as a key influence on adolescent mental health in theory and interventions. Notably, few studies have disentangled within‐person and between‐person effects in relating adolescent mental health and the family environment. Methods: We analysed data from 1067 adolescents across three waves using panel graphical vector autoregressive modelling, separating contemporaneous and temporal within‐person and between‐person associations in relationships between mental health difficulties (i.e., emotional, hyperactivity/inattention, conduct problems) and family‐related factors (i.e., aspects of the general family environment, parent‐child relationships, and sibling dynamics). We also assessed how the different mental health difficulties and family environment factors were themselves interrelated over time. The mean age (in years) was 10.51 at Wave 1, 12.49 at Wave 2, and 14.49 at Wave 3. Results: Emotional symptoms predicted increases in hyperactivity/inattention and more sibling problems over time. Lack of family support and negative feelings towards family were reciprocally related, indicative of a reinforcing loop. Both mental health difficulties and family environment factors exhibited considerable stability. In contemporaneous within‐person associations, mental health difficulties were strongly interrelated, as were aspects of the family environment. Furthermore, conduct problems were linked to externalising behaviours (e.g., fighting with parents, bothering siblings) and emotional symptoms to internalising experiences of family dynamics (e.g., feeling negative towards family, being bothered by siblings). Negative feelings towards family and hyperactivity/inattention were strongly predicted by included variables, while emotional symptoms, fighting with parents, and lacking family support were predictive of other variables. Conclusions: Our findings point to the importance of emotional problems in adolescence, which may contribute to worsened hyperactivity/inattention and more problems with siblings over time, and the interrelatedness of mental health and the family environment. Alleviating internalising problems in affected adolescents may help mitigate development of other mental health difficulties and negative sibling dynamics.

• Roettger, Timo; Askelund, Jo Adrian Dahl; Birkenæs, Viktoria; Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae; Bochynska, Agata & Glaser, Bernt Damian [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2025). Transparency in epidemiological analyses of cohort data a case study of the Norwegian mother, father, and child cohort study (MoBa). BMC Medical Research Methodology. 25, p. 1–11. doi: 10.1186/s12874-025-02601-6. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Epidemiological research is central to our understanding of health and disease. Secondary analysis of cohort data is an important tool in epidemiological research but is vulnerable to practices that can reduce the validity and robustness of results. As such, adopting measures to increase the transparency and reproducibility of secondary data analysis is paramount to ensuring the robustness and usefulness of findings. The uptake of such practices has not yet been systematically assessed. Methods Using the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort study (MoBa; [23, 24]) as a case study, we assessed the prevalence of the following reproducible practices in publications between 2007–2023: preregistering secondary analyses, sharing of synthetic data, additional materials, and analysis scripts, conducting robustness checks, directly replicating previously published studies, declaring conflicts of interest and publishing publicly available versions of the paper. Results Preregistering secondary data analysis was only found in 0.4% of articles. No articles used synthetic data sets. Sharing practices of additional data (2.3%), additional materials (3.4%) and analysis scripts (4.2%) were rare. Several practices, including data and analysis sharing, preregistration and robustness checks became more frequent over time. Based on these assessments, we present a practical example for how researchers might improve transparency and reproducibility of their research. Conclusions The present assessment demonstrates that some reproducible practices are more common than others, with some practices being virtually absent. In line with a broader shift towards open science, we observed an increasing use of reproducible research practices in recent years. Nonetheless, the large amount of analytical flexibility offered by cohorts such as MoBa places additional responsibility on researchers to adopt such practices with urgency, to both ensure the robustness of their findings and earn the confidence of those using them. A particular focus in future efforts should be put on practices that help mitigating bias due to researcher degrees of freedom – namely, preregistration, transparent sharing of analysis scripts, and robustness checks. We demonstrate by example that challenges in implementing reproducible research practices in analysis of secondary cohort data—even including those associated with data sharing—can be meaningfully overcome.

• Prydz, Monica Beer; Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae; Czajkowski, Nikolai Olavi; Røysamb, Espen & Nes, Ragnhild Bang (2025). Direct and indirect effects of a digital Five Ways to Wellbeing intervention: A network intervention analysis. Behaviour Research and Therapy. ISSN 0005-7967. 191. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2025.104781. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  While digital positive psychology interventions demonstrate effectiveness in promoting wellbeing and reducing illbeing in the general population, their pathways of change are relatively underexplored. The wellbeing promotive digital intervention, Five Ways to Wellbeing for All (5waysA), has been shown effective (Cohens’ d effect sizes from .20 to .49) in a large (N = 963) randomized controlled trial (Prydz et al., 2024). In the present study, network intervention analysis (NIA) was applied to identify putative direct and indirect effects linking the 5waysA intervention to a set of wellbeing outcomes. Following the 10-week intervention period, the NIA revealed that only positive emotions on an aggregate level were conditionally dependent on the treatment allocation variable. These findings suggest that the effectiveness of the 5waysA intervention primarily reflects the direct enhancement of positive emotions. Our findings provide insights of potential importance for advancing the theoretical framework of the Five Ways to Wellbeing and other mental health and wellbeing promoting interventions.

• Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae; Chen, Yufeng; Lu, Donghao; Brikell, Isabell; Kuja-Halkola, Ralf & D'Onofrio, Brian M. [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2025). Stress Resilience and Risk of Psychiatric Disorders After Childhood Bereavement. JAMA Network Open. p. 1–13. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.19706. Full text in Research Archive
• Karstoft, Karen-Inge; Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae; Pedersen, Anne Agathe; Korchakova, Nataliia; Power, Séamus A. & Morton, Thomas A. [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2025). Associations of war exposures, post-migration living difficulties and social support with (complex) PTSD: A cohort study of Ukrainian refugees resettled in Denmark. Social Science and Medicine. ISSN 0277-9536. 376. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.118080. Full text in Research Archive
• Hegemann, Laura Elizabeth; Eilertsen, Espen Moen; Pettersen, Johanne Hagen; Corfield, Elizabeth Claire; Cheesman, Rosa Catherine Gillespie & Frach, Leonard [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2025). Direct and indirect genetic effects on early neurodevelopmental traits. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. ISSN 0021-9630. 66(7), p. 1053–1064. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.14122. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Neurodevelopmental conditions are highly heritable. Recent studies have shown that genomic heritability estimates can be confounded by genetic effects mediated via the environment (indirect genetic effects). However, the relative importance of direct versus indirect genetic effects on early variability in traits related to neurodevelopmental conditions is unknown. Methods The sample included up to 24,692 parent-offspring trios from the Norwegian MoBa cohort. We use Trio-GCTA to estimate latent direct and indirect genetic effects on mother-reported neurodevelopmental traits at age of 3 years (restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests, inattention, hyperactivity, language, social, and motor development). Further, we investigate to what extent direct and indirect effects are attributable to common genetic variants associated with autism, ADHD, developmental dyslexia, educational attainment, and cognitive ability using polygenic scores (PGS) in regression modeling. Results We find evidence for contributions of direct and indirect latent common genetic effects to inattention (direct: explaining 4.8% of variance, indirect: 6.7%) hyperactivity (direct: 1.3%, indirect: 9.6%), and restricted and repetitive behaviors (direct: 0.8%, indirect: 7.3%). Direct effects best explained variation in social and communication, language, and motor development (5.1%–5.7%). Direct genetic effects on inattention were captured by PGS for ADHD, educational attainment, and cognitive ability, whereas direct genetic effects on language development were captured by cognitive ability, educational attainment, and autism PGS. Indirect genetic effects on neurodevelopmental traits were primarily captured by educational attainment and/or cognitive ability PGS. Conclusions Results were consistent with differential contributions to neurodevelopmental traits in early childhood from direct and indirect genetic effects. Indirect effects were particularly important for hyperactivity and restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests and may be linked to genetic variation associated with cognition and educational attainment. Our findings illustrate the importance of within-family methods for disentangling genetic processes that influence early neurodevelopmental traits, even when identifiable associations are small.

• Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae; Røysamb, Espen; Nes, Ragnhild Bang; Soest, Tilmann Martin von & Ebrahimi, Omid V. (2025). Financial factors and depression and anxiety: A symptom-specific approach in the general population. SSM - Mental Health (SSM-MH). 8. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2025.100508. Full text in Research Archive
• Lupattelli, Angela; Branquinho, Mariana; Cardoso, Catarina; Tauqeer, Fatima; Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae & Fonseca, Ana (2024). Psychometric properties of the Decisional Conflict Scale in a sample of perinatal women with depressive symptoms: A study in Portugal and Norway. Patient Education and Counseling. ISSN 0738-3991. 127. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2024.108337. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae; Eilertsen, Espen Moen; Ayorech, Ziada; Cheesman, Rosa; Ahmadzadeh, Yasmin I. & Baldwin, Jessie R. [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2024). Disentangling direct and indirect genetic effects from partners and offspring on maternal depression using trio-GCTA. Nature Mental Health. 2(4), p. 417–425. doi: 10.1038/s44220-024-00207-3. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Maternal depressive symptoms are highly prevalent and can negatively impact affected individuals and family members. Understanding etiological influences on maternal depression, such as genetic liability, is key to inform treatment and prevention efforts. Here we quantified direct and indirect genetic effects (that is, when genetic variants in other individuals influence risk of maternal depression through the environment) from partners and offspring on maternal depressive symptoms at multiple time points using genome-wide complex trait analysis with parent–offspring trios. We used data from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child cohort study, including up to 21,000 genotyped parent–offspring trios. Models with indirect genetic effects had best fit at three out of five time points (3, 5 and 8 years after birth). The variance in maternal depressive symptoms explained by direct genetic effects ranged from 5% to 14%, whereas indirect genetic effects explained 0–14% of variance across time points. Heritable traits in family members contribute to maternal depressive symptoms through the environment at several time points after birth.

• Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae; Nes, Ragnhild Bang; Ayorech, Ziada; Vassend, Olav Mandt & Røysamb, Espen (2024). Multiple social factors are associated with wellbeing when accounting for shared genetic and environmental confounding. Quality of Life Research. ISSN 0962-9343. doi: 10.1007/s11136-024-03832-8. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Purpose Social factors are associated with mental health and wellbeing. However, few studies have examined genetic and environmental influences on social factors themselves, limiting current understanding of influences on aspects of the social environment. Most studies which have identified links between social factors and mental health are also limited by the possible influence of unmeasured genetic and environmental confounding. In this study, we investigated the genetic and environmental underpinnings of multiple social factors (relationship satisfaction, loneliness, attachment, trust, relationship disruptions), and their associations with life satisfaction measured concurrently and six years later, after accounting for shared genetic and environmental confounding. Methods Data from a population-based sample of adult twins (N = 1987) and two measurement timepoints were used for the primary analyses. We used multivariate Cholesky models to estimate genetic and environmental influences across five social factors. Subsequently, we conducted co-twin control analyses to examine associations between social factors and wellbeing after controlling for shared genetic and environmental confounding. Results Heritability estimates for the social factors ranged from 24 to 42%. Genetic correlations across social factors were substantial, indicative of considerable genetic overlap. Associations between wellbeing and relationship satisfaction, loneliness, anxious and avoidant attachment, trust, and disruptions in relationships in the past year were attenuated in co-twin control analyses but remained statistically significant. Relationship satisfaction, loneliness, and attachment avoidance were also associated with wellbeing measured six years later in estimates which controlled for shared genetic and environmental confounding. Conclusion Our findings provide evidence that multiple social factors are associated with wellbeing after accounting for potential confounding by shared genetic and/or environmental factors. These findings highlight the importance of multiple aspects of the social environment for wellbeing in older adulthood. Future studies should examine the directionality in associations between social factors and mental health and assess these relationships beyond older adulthood.

• Nasrin, Tania; Tauqeer, Fatima; Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae; Kittel-Schneider, Sarah & Lupattelli, Angela (2024). Partner support for women’s antidepressant treatment and its association with depressive symptoms in pregnant women, mothers, and women planning pregnancy. Archives of Women's Mental Health. ISSN 1434-1816. doi: 10.1007/s00737-024-01435-3. Full text in Research Archive
• Ayorech, Ziada; Torvik, Fartein Ask; Cheesman, Rosa; Eilertsen, Espen M.; Valstad, Mathias & Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2024). The structure of psychiatric comorbidity without selection and assortative mating. Translational Psychiatry. 14(1), p. 1–9. doi: 10.1038/s41398-024-02768-4. Full text in Research Archive
• Arneberg, Vilde Sofie; Sundsvold, Vilde; Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae & Ystrøm, Eivind (2024). Borderline Personality Disorder Symptoms and Stressful Life Events: An Evaluation of Gene-Environment Interplay. Biological Psychiatry: Global Open Science. 4(6). doi: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100390. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is associated with high rates of stressful life events (SLEs). It is unclear whether people who experience SLEs have more BPD symptoms after accounting for the effects of familial risk factors. Our aims in the current study were to 1) create a predictive model of BPD using stressors across age and contexts and 2) examine whether SLEs resulted in higher levels of BPD symptoms beyond the effects of genetic and environmental risk factors. Methods The sample comprised 2801 twins from the Norwegian Institute of Public Health Twin Panel. Poisson regression was used to explore which SLEs predicted BPD symptoms. Elastic net penalized regression was conducted to develop a predictive model for SLEs and BPD symptoms. Co-twin control analyses were performed to differentiate between environmental and genetic factors. Results SLEs experienced during childhood and adulthood were associated with BPD symptoms. A weighted polyevent risk score explained 22% of the total variation in symptoms. Shared environmental and heritable factors explained 31% and 47% of individual differences in BPD symptomatology, respectively. Measured SLEs explained 42% of the shared environmental risk for BPD. The predictive risk of SLEs for BPD was reduced when shared environmental and genetic factors were accounted for. However, SLEs increased risk of BPD symptoms beyond the effects of shared genetic and environmental factors. Conclusions BPD symptomatology following SLEs cannot fully be explained by genetic and shared environmental factors. The SLE-BPD symptoms associations were primarily due to selection by family environments. It is important to identify familial factors that lead to both SLEs and BPD symptoms. SLEs remained associated with BPD symptoms beyond genetic and environmental confounding.

• Moreno-Martos, David; Zhao, Jing; Li, Huiqi; Nyberg, Fredrik; Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae & Hajiebrahimi, Mohammadhossein [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2024). Impact of the early COVID-19 pandemic on adult mental health-related dispensed medications, hospitalizations and specialist outpatient visits in Norway and Sweden: Interrupted time series analysis. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. ISSN 0306-5251. 90(7), p. 1627–1636. doi: 10.1111/bcp.16044. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae; Ebrahimi, Omid V.; Røysamb, Espen; Karstoft, Karen-Inge; Czajkowski, Nikolai Olavi & Nes, Ragnhild Bang (2024). Stressful life events exhibit complex patterns of associations with depressive symptoms in two population-based samples using network analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders. ISSN 0165-0327. 349, p. 569–576. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.054. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Stressful life events (SLEs) constitute key risk factors for depression. However, previous studies examining associations between SLEs and depression have been limited by focusing on single events, combining events into broad categories, and/or ignoring interrelationships between events in statistical analyses. Network analysis comprises a set of statistical methods well-suited for assessing relationships between multiple variables and can help surpass several limitations of previous studies. Methods We applied network analysis using mixed graphical models combining two large-scale population-based samples and >34,600 randomly sampled adults to investigate the associations between SLEs and current depressive symptoms in the general population. Results Numerous SLEs were uniquely associated with specific symptoms. Strong pairwise links were observed between SLEs during the past year and individual symptoms, e.g., between having experienced illness or injury and sleeping problems, having been degraded or humiliated and feeling blue, and between financial problems and hopelessness and being worried and anxious. Several SLEs, such as financial problems, sexual abuse, and having been degraded or humiliated, were associated with symptoms across more than one timepoint. More recent SLEs were generally more strongly associated with depressive symptoms. Several life events were strongly interrelated, such as multiple forms of abuse, and financial problems, unemployment, divorce, and serious illness or injury. Limitations Limitations include a retrospective SLE measure, cross-sectional data, a brief self-report measure of depressive symptoms, and possible attrition bias in the sample. Conclusions Our findings may have implications for public health efforts seeking to improve population mental health.

• Fonseca, Ana; Branquinho, Mariana; Monteiro, Fabiana; Araújo-Pedrosa, Anabela; Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae & Lupattelli, Angela (2023). Treatment options and their uptake among women with symptoms of perinatal depression: exploratory study in Norway and Portugal. BJPsych Open. 9(3), p. 1–9. doi: 10.1192/bjo.2023.56. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Perinatal depression is the most undertreated clinical condition during the perinatal period. Knowledge about women's decision-making in seeking and receiving treatment is scarce. Aims To investigate and compare treatment option uptake in perinatal women with depressive symptoms in Portugal and Norway, and to identify sociodemographic and health-related factors associated with treatment uptake. Method Participants were women resident in Portugal or Norway (≥18 years) who were pregnant or had given birth in the past 12 months, who presented with active depressive symptoms (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score ≥10). In an electronic questionnaire, women reported treatment received and sociodemographic and health-related factors. Results The sample included 416 women from Portugal and 169 from Norway, of which 79.8% and 53.9%, respectively, were not receiving any treatment. Most Portuguese women were receiving psychological treatment, either alone (45.2%) or combined with pharmacological treatment (21.4%). Most Norwegian participants were receiving only pharmacological (36.5%) or combined treatment (35.4%). Compared with the Portuguese sample, a higher proportion of Norwegian women started treatment before pregnancy (P < 0.001). In Portugal, lower depressive symptoms and self-reported psychopathology were significantly associated with higher likelihood of receiving treatment. Conclusions We found that, in both Norway and Portugal, a substantial number of perinatal women with depressive symptoms do not receive any treatment. Differences exist regarding the chosen treatment option and timing of treatment initiation in the two countries. Only mental health-related factors were associated with treatment uptake for perinatal depression in Portugal. Our results highlight the importance of implementing strategies aimed to improve help-seeking behaviours.

• Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae; Nes, Ragnhild Bang; Czajkowski, Nikolai Olavi & Røysamb, Espen (2023). The structure of well-being: a single underlying factor with genetic and environmental influences. Quality of Life Research. ISSN 0962-9343. 32, p. 2805–2816. doi: 10.1007/s11136-023-03437-7. Full text in Research Archive
• Metz, Kristina; Lewis, Jane; Mitchell, Jade; Chakraborty, Sangita; McLeod, Bryce D. & Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2023). Problem-solving interventions and depression among adolescents and young adults: A systematic review of the effectiveness of problem-solving interventions in preventing or treating depression. PLOS ONE. 18(8), p. 1–24. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae (2023). Miljøet er sentralt for den psykiske helsen. Tidsskrift for Norsk psykologforening (Psykologtidsskriftet). ISSN 0332-6470. 60(11), p. 686–688. Full text in Research Archive
• Ayorech, Ziada; Cheesman, Rosa; Eilertsen, Espen M.; Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae; Røysamb, Espen & McAdams, Tom A. [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2023). Maternal depression and the polygenic p factor: A family perspective on direct and indirect effects. Journal of Affective Disorders. ISSN 0165-0327. 332, p. 159–167. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.03.043. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Within-family studies typically assess indirect genetic effects of parents on children, however social support theory points to a critical role of partners and children on women's depression. To address this research gap and account for the high heterogeneity of depression, we calculated a general psychiatric factor using eleven major psychiatric polygenic scores (polygenic p), in up to 25,000 parent-offspring trios from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Multilevel modeling of trio polygenic p was used to distinguish direct and indirect genetic effects on mothers depression during pregnancy (gestational age 17 and 30 weeks), infancy (6 months, 18 months) and early childhood (3 years, 5 years, and 8 years). We found mothers polygenic p predicts their depression symptoms (b = 0.092; 95 % CI [0.087,0.098]), outperforming prediction using a single major depressive disorder polygenic score (b = 0.070, 95 % CI [0.066,0.075]). Jointly modeling trio polygenic p revealed indirect genetic effects of fathers (b = 0.022, 95 % CI [0.014,0.030]) and children (b = 0.021, 95 % CI [0.010,0.037]) on mothers' depression. Our results support the generalizability of polygenic effects across mental health and highlight the role of close family members on women's depression.

• Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae; Ebrahimi, Omid Vakili; Lan, Xiaoyu; Nes, Ragnhild Bang & Røysamb, Espen (2023). Mental Health and Environmental Factors in Adults: A Population-Based Network Analysis. American Psychologist. ISSN 0003-066X. doi: 10.1037/amp0001208. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae (2023). The relationship between stressful life events and depression risk. Nature Reviews Psychology. doi: 10.1038/s44159-023-00216-6. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae; Tauqeer, Fatima; Heiervang, Kristin Sverdvik; Clausen, Hanne Kristin; Heitmann, Kristine & Lupattelli, Angela (2022). Perceived risk of neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring related to psychotropic and mental illness exposures in pregnancy and breastfeeding: a cross-sectional survey of women with past or current mental illness. BMJ Open. 12(9), p. 1–11. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061159. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objectives: To investigate the perceived risk of psychotropic and mental illness exposures (1) during pregnancy or (2) while breastfeeding on offspring neurodevelopment, and factors associated with this perception in women with past/current mental illness. Design: Cross-sectional, web-based study. Setting: Nationwide in Norway, June 2020-June 2021. Participants: Women aged 18-55 years who were pregnant, recent mothers or planning a pregnancy, and had been offered antidepressants in the last 5 years. Primary and secondary outcome measures: Perceived risk of prenatal and breastmilk exposure to psychotropic medications and maternal mental illness on offspring neurodevelopmental outcomes. Results: We included 448 women: 234 pregnant, 146 mothers and 68 planning a pregnancy. On a 0-10 scale, women perceived antidepressants as least harmful both (1) in pregnancy (mean score 4.2, 95% CI 3.6 to 4.8) and (2) while breastfeeding (mean score 3.8, 95% CI 3.3 to 4.4), relative to antipsychotics, anxiety/sleeping medication or antiepileptics (mean score range: 6.3-6.5 during pregnancy, 5.5-6.2 while breastfeeding). Many participants were unfamiliar with psychotropics other than antidepressants. The perceived risk of mental illness exposure exceeded that of antidepressants (mean score range 5.6-5.9) in both exposure periods. Using general linear models, factors associated with greater antidepressant risk perception in both exposure periods included having lower education, non-Norwegian native language, and employment status (range mean score difference (β): 2.07-6.07). For pregnant women and mothers, there was an inverse association between perceived risk and the perceived antidepressant effectiveness in both exposure periods (range of β: -0.18 to -0.25). Conclusions: In women with past/current mental illness, the perceived risk of antidepressant exposure on child neurodevelopment was lower than that for maternal mental illness. Other psychotropic medications were perceived as more harmful. As medication risk perception influences the decision-making regarding treatment of mental illness, pre- and pregnancy counselling should target women with characteristics associated with higher perceived risk. Keywords: EPIDEMIOLOGY; MENTAL HEALTH; OBSTETRICS; PSYCHIATRY; THERAPEUTICS. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

• Finch, Meghan; Featherston, Rebecca; Chakraborty, Sangita; Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae; Mildon, Robyn & Albers, Bianca [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2022). Interventions that Address Institutional Child Maltreatment: An Evidence and Gap Map. Research on social work practice. ISSN 1049-7315. p. 1–23. doi: 10.1177/10497315221115867. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae; Kendler, Kenneth S.; Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted & Ystrøm, Eivind (2022). Stressful life events increase the risk of major depressive episodes: A population-based twin study. Psychological Medicine. ISSN 0033-2917. 53(11), p. 5194–5202. doi: 10.1017/S0033291722002227. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Previous studies have found that stressful life events (SLEs) are associated with an increased risk of adult depression. However, many studies are observational in nature and limited by methodological issues, such as potential confounding by genetic factors. Genetically informative research, such as the co-twin control design, can strengthen causal inference in observational studies. Discrete-time survival analysis has several benefits and multilevel survival analysis can incorporate frailty terms (random effects) to estimate the components of the biometric model. In the current study, we investigated associations between SLEs and depression risk in a population-based twin sample (N = 2299). Methods A co-twin control design was used to investigate the influence of the occurrence of SLEs on depression risk. The co-twin control design involves comparing patterns of associations in the full sample and within dizygotic (DZ) and monozygotic twins (MZ). Associations were modelled using discrete-time survival analysis with biometric frailty terms. Data from two time points were used in the analyses. Mean age at Wave 1 was 28 years and mean age at Wave 2 was 38 years. Results SLE occurrence was associated with increased depression risk. Co-twin control analyses indicated that this association was at least in part due to the causal influence of SLE exposure on depression risk for event occurrence across all SLEs and for violent SLEs. A minor proportion of the total genetic risk of depression reflected genetic effects related to SLEs. Conclusions The results support previous research in implicating SLEs as important risk factors with probable causal influence on depression risk.

• Saraiva, Renan; Bertoldo, Giulia; Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae; Bunghez, Cătălina; Lofthus, Ingvild S. & McGill, Lucy [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2022). Improving the evaluation of eyewitness evidence in legal decision-making: Testing an active versus passive teaching aid. Applied Cognitive Psychology. ISSN 0888-4080. p. 1–16. doi: 10.1002/acp.3938. Full text in Research Archive
• Ayorech, Ziada; Cheesman, Rosa Catherine Gillespie; Eilertsen, Espen Moen; Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae; Røysamb, Espen & McAdams, Tom [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2022). Maternal depression and the polygenic p factor: A family perspective on direct and indirect effects. PsyArXiv. doi: 10.31234/osf.io/6nwrx. Full text in Research Archive
• Ruggeri, Kai; Panin, Amma; Vdovic, Milica; Abdul-Salaam, Nazeer; Achterberg, Jascha & Akil, Carla [Show all 169 contributors for this article] (2022). The globalizability of temporal discounting. Nature Human Behaviour. doi: 10.1038/s41562-022-01392-w. Full text in Research Archive
• Finch, Meghan; Featherston, Rebecca; Chakraborty, Sangita; Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae; Mildon, R. & Albers, Bianca [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2021). Interventions that address institutional child maltreatment: evidence and gap map. Campbell Systematic Reviews. 17(1), p. 1–104. doi: 10.1002/cl2.1139. Full text in Research Archive
• Ruggeri, Kai; Većkalov, Bojana; Bojanić, Lana; Andersen, Thomas L.; Ashcroft-Jones, Sarah & Ayacaxli, Nélida [Show all 83 contributors for this article] (2021). The general fault in our fault lines. Nature Human Behaviour. 5, p. 1369–1380. doi: 10.1038/s41562-021-01092-x. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae; Brennen, Tim & Magnussen, Svein (2021). Norske dommeres kunnskap om påliteligheten av øyevitneforklaringer – 12 år senere. Lov og Rett. ISSN 0024-6980. 60, p. 521–532. doi: 10.18261/issn.1504-3061-2021-09-03. Full text in Research Archive
• Sumampouw, Nathanael; Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae; Magnussen, Svein; Otgaar, Henry & Brennen, Tim (2021). Knowledge about eyewitness testimony: a survey of Indonesian police officers and psychologists. Psychology, Crime and Law. ISSN 1068-316X. 28, p. 763–777. doi: 10.1080/1068316X.2021.1962868. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Faulty eyewitness testimony can be a notorious source of mistakes in the legal system potentially leading to wrongful convictions and miscarriages of justice. The current study examined the knowledge of a sample of police officers (n = 270) and psychologists (n = 63) in Indonesia regarding factors known to influence the validity of eyewitness testimony given by adults and children. Previous studies have documented that police and psychologists in Western countries have less-than-optimal knowledge about the psychology of eyewitness testimony. Similarly, our non-Western sample also demonstrated a lack of knowledge that may be damaging in the legal context such as the belief that recall of minor details indicates accuracy of memory. For both adult and child eyewitnesses, the psychologists performed significantly better than the police but at the item level these differences were small in size. Intriguingly, we also found that psychologists were more likely than the police officers to endorse the item about repression of memories. The findings show the need for teaching on the psychology of eyewitness testimony for professional groups involved in the legal arena.

• Ruggeri, Kai; Alí, Sonia; Berge, Mari Louise; Bertoldo, Giulia; Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae & Cortijos-Bernabeu, Anna [Show all 32 contributors for this article] (2020). Replicating patterns of prospect theory for decision under risk. Nature Human Behaviour. 4(6), p. 622–633. doi: 10.1038/s41562-020-0886-x. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae; McGill, Lucy; Magnussen, Svein J; Richardson, Stéphanie; Saraiva, Renan & Stadel, Marie [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). Norwegian judges' knowledge of factors affecting eyewitness testimony: A 12-year follow-up. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law. ISSN 1321-8719. 28(5), p. 665–682. doi: 10.1080/13218719.2020.1837028. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Eyewitness evidence often plays a critical role in decisions made in the criminal justice system. To evaluate eyewitness testimony accurately, judges must be aware of factors that can contaminate this type of evidence. In 2008, a survey of judges in Norway revealed a lack of awareness of several factors that affect eyewitness testimony. In the current study, a survey was administered to Norwegian judges (N=98) to evaluate their knowledge of factors that affect eyewitness testimony. Results showed that judges’ overall knowledge scores were similar to those reported in 2008, but substantial increases and decreases in knowledge were observed for specific factors. Additional analyses indicated that increased uncertainty regarding some eyewitness factors led to a decline in accuracy when compared to responses observed in 2008. The current study provides an updated assessment of judges’ knowledge of eyewitness factors and highlights the need for more comprehensive training for judges regarding these factors.

• Albers, Bianca; Fiennes, Caroline; Shlonsky, Aron; Finch, Meghan; Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae & Hennessy, James [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2019). Evidence and gap map protocol: Institutional responses to child maltreatment. Campbell Systematic Reviews. 15(3), p. 1–24. doi: 10.1002/cl2.1039. Full text in Research Archive

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• Pettersen, Johanne Hagen; Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae; Hannigan, Laurie John; Wootton, Robyn; Eek, Brandlistuen Ragnhild & Havdahl, Alexandra [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2026). Anxiety in adolescents born 1999-2009: Temporal trends in diagnosis, symptoms, and expression of genetic liability. Full text in Research Archive
• Teulings, Irene Johanna Elisabeth; Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae; Liu, Jinrui; Nes, Ragnhild Bang; Røysamb, Espen & Vittersø, Joar (2026). Being Good, Feeling Good? Daily Links Between Moral and Prosocial Values, Value-Fulfillment, and Wellbeing. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Are moral and prosocial people also happier in everyday life? Existing research is mixed: endorsing prosocial values is often linked to higher well-being, yet acting to help others can entail personal costs in the moment. One reason may be that most studies examine values rather than daily value-consistent behaviour, and rarely distinguish between momentary and longer-term well-being. We address these gaps using ecological momentary assessment data from more than 10,000 adults (120 beeps in total per person). At baseline, participants reported their moral and prosocial values. During the assessment period, they received four prompts per day asking whether they had (a) acted like a good, moral person and (b) taken care of or helped someone, alongside a broad set of well-being indicators (e.g., positive emotions, negative emotions, life satisfaction, meaning, social well-being, engagement). This design allows us to quantify the extent to which people behave in line with their values across days, and to link both values and daily behaviour as well as value–behaviour congruence to momentary and long-term well-being. Ongoing analyses will clarify when, and for whom, “being good” is associated with “feeling good”.

• Ofstad, Sverre Berg; Peng, Qiyuan; Ebeltoft, Joakim; Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae; Rayner, Christopher & Ayorech, Ziada [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2026). PGI-by-Environment interactions: practical guidelines for robust research. Full text in Research Archive
• Ystrom, Eivind; Demange, Perline Aline Delle; Cheesman, Rosa Catherine Gillespie; McAdams, Thomas Andrew; Eilertsen, Espen Moen & Timpe, Clara Marie Fides [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2026). Child Personality Polygenic Indices and Parental Distress: Evidence of Active Gene-Environment Correlations and Interactions from Parent–Offspring Trios. doi: https:/osf.io/fwaqp/overview. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Child temperament and personality are conjectured to affect parental distress, and there are findings supporting such transactions. Yet, to date, there is no evidence for such evocative gene-environment correlations using exogenous within-family offspring genetic variation. Using 30 000 parent–offspring genotyped trios from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort (MoBa), we test how child personality polygenic indexes (PGIs) independently affect maternal and paternal mental distress across the life course (age 16-60). The second longstanding hypothesis is that such child-to-parent transactions are non-additive due to gene-environment interactions. We will reveal the scope of this by estimating the expansion of within-person-timepoint parental mental distress over child personality PGIs. The third longstanding hypothesis is that the evocative effect is dependent on the parental personality, or the “goodness-of-fit”. We will examine moderation by parental Big Five PGIs to test if the effect of a child’s personality on parent depression depends on the parent’s own personality predispositions. This genetically controlled approach provides a novel and robust test of child- evoked effects across the life course. Results for both mothers and fathers will be presented, highlighting the power of child PGIs as a new tool to reveal intergenerational influences on parental mental distress.

• Ystrom, Eivind; Ayorech, Ziada; Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae; Timpe, Clara Marie Fides; Cheesman, Rosa Catherine Gillespie & Eilertsen, Espen Moen [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2026). Child Personality Polygenic Indices and Parental Distress: Evidence of Active Gene- Environment Correlations and Interactions from Parent–Offspring Trios. doi: https:/bga.org/docs.ashx?id=1781704. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae; Valstad, Mathias; Eilertsen, Espen Moen; Ayorech, Ziada; Ofstad, Sverre Berg & Salvatore, Jessica E. [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2026). Peer effects contribute to psychiatric disorder risk: A population-wide study. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae (2026). Disentangling overlapping and unique contributions to wellbeing. Full text in Research Archive
• Pettersen, Johanne Hagen; Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae; Hannigan, Laurie John; Wootton, Robyn; Eek, Brandlistuen Ragnhild & Havdahl, Alexandra [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2026). Temporal trends in adolescent anxiety diagnoses, symptoms, and expression of genetic liability. Full text in Research Archive
• Pettersen, Johanne Hagen; Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae; Hannigan, Laurie John; Cheesman, Rosa Catherine Gillespie; Davies, Neil Martin & Andreassen, Ole [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2026). Understanding the Rise in ADHD Diagnoses: Insights from the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study. Full text in Research Archive
• Pettersen, Johanne Hagen; Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae; Sanchez, Alejandra Martinez; Cheesman, Rosa Catherine Gillespie; Bishop, Somer & Bjuland, Knut Jørgen [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2026). Exploring potential drivers of rising autism diagnoses in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae (2025). Ny studie: Nesten hvert fjerde barn viser symptomer på spiseforstyrrelser. [Journal]. Aftenposten. doi: https:/www.aftenposten.no/foreldreliv/i/rrLlj3/spisevegring-hos-treaaringer-kan-vaere-mer-enn-en-fase. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae (2025). Tidlige tapsopplevelser, resiliens og risiko for senere psykiske lidelser. Tidsskrift for Norsk psykologforening (Psykologtidsskriftet). ISSN 0332-6470. 62(12), p. 766–768. Full text in Research Archive
• Teulings, Irene Johanna Elisabeth; Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae; Liu, Jinrui; Nes, Ragnhild Bang; Røysamb, Espen & Vittersø, Joar (2024). Beyond the Borders of Wellbeing Towards The Good Life Network. Full text in Research Archive
• Teulings, Irene Johanna Elisabeth; Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae; Liu, Jinrui; Nes, Ragnhild Bang; Røysamb, Espen & Vittersø, Joar (2024). Beyond the Borders of Wellbeing Towards The Good Life Network. Full text in Research Archive
• Nes, Ragnhild Bang; Mayerhofer, Lilian; Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae; Teulings, Irene Johanna Elisabeth; Vittersø, Joar & Røysamb, Espen (2024). Homo Felix: From Genes to Values. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae; Nes, Ragnhild Bang; Ebrahimi, Omid V. & Røysamb, Espen (2024). Multiple social factors are associated with wellbeing measured cross-sectionally and six years later when accounting for shared genetic and environmental confounding. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae (2024). Mental health and environmental factors in adults: A population-based network analysis. Full text in Research Archive
• Røysamb, Espen; Mayerhofer, Lilian; Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae; Liu, Jinrui; Teulings, Irene Johanna Elisabeth & Vittersø, Joar [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2024). The Happy Personality Revisited. Full text in Research Archive
• Hegemann, Laura; Eilertsen, Espen Moen; Pettersen, Johanne Hagen; Corfield, Elizabeth Claire; Cheesman, Rosa Catherine Gillespie & Frach, Leonard [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2024). Direct and Indirect Genetic Effects on Early Neurodevelopmental Traits (updated results). Full text in Research Archive
• Ayorech, Ziada; Torvik, Fartein Ask; Cheesman, Rosa Catherine Gillespie; Eilertsen, Espen Moen; Valstad, Mathias & Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2023). Leveraging family data can reveal the role of selection bias in genomic research. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae; Eilertsen, Espen Moen; Baldwin, Jessie R.; Ayorech, Ziada; Cheesman, Rosa Catherine Gillespie & Ahmadzadeh, Yasmin [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2022). Disentangling intrafamilial effects on maternal depression using trio-GCTA. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae (2022). Identifying general wellbeing factors and their underlying genetic and environmental architecture. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae; Eilertsen, Espen Moen; Baldwin, Jessie R.; Ayorech, Ziada; Cheesman, Rosa Catherine Gillespie & Ahmadzadeh, Yasmin [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2022). Disentangling intrafamilial effects on maternal depression using trio-GCTA. European Neuropsychopharmacology. ISSN 0924-977X. 63. doi: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2022.07.125. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae & Ystrøm, Eivind (2021). Stressful life events increase risk of depression: A population-based twin study. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae & Ystrøm, Eivind (2021). Stressful life events increase risk of depression: A population-based twin study. Behavior Genetics. ISSN 0001-8244. 51(6), p. 696–696. doi: 10.1007/s10519-021-10087-3. Full text in Research Archive
• Saraiva, Renan; Bertoldo, Giulia; Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae; Bunghez, Cătălina; Lofthus, Ingvild S. & McGill, Lucy [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2019). Improving decision-making in the criminal justice system: The effect of teaching aids on the evaluation of eyewitness evidence. Full text in Research Archive
• Hegemann, Laura; Eilertsen, Espen Moen; Pettersen, Johanne Hagen; Corfield, Elizabeth Claire; Cheesman, Rosa Catherine Gillespie & Frach, Leonard [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2025). Direct and Indirect Genetic Effects on Early Neurodevelopmental Traits (preprint). MedRxiv. Full text in Research Archive

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