Trude Lappegård

• Andersen, Synøve Nygaard; Drange, Nina Eirin & Lappegård, Trude (2018). Can a cash transfer to families change fertility behaviour?. Demographic Research.  ISSN 1435-9871.  38, s 897- 928 . doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2018.38.33 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Frejka, Tomas; Goldscheider, Frances & Lappegård, Trude (2018). The two-part gender revolution, women?s second shift and changing cohort fertility. Comparative population studies.  ISSN 1869-8980.  43, s 99- 130 . doi: 10.12765/CPoS-2018-09en Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Jalovaara, Marika; Neyer, Gerda; Andersson, Gunnar; Dahlberg, Johan; Dommermuth, Lars; Fallesen, Peter & Lappegård, Trude (2018). Education, Gender, and Cohort Fertility in the Nordic Countries. European Journal of Population.  ISSN 0168-6577.  s 1- 24 . doi: 10.1007/s10680-018-9492-2 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Lappegård, Trude; Klüsener, Sebastian & Vignoli, Daniele (2018). Why are marriage and family formation increasingly disconnected across Europe? A multilevel perspective on existing theories. Population, Space and Place.  ISSN 1544-8452.  24(2) . doi: 10.1002/psp.2088 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Lappegård, Trude & Thomson, Elizabeth (2018). Intergenerational Transmission of Multipartner Fertility. Demography.  ISSN 0070-3370.  s 1- 24 . doi: 10.1007/s13524-018-0727-y
• Perelli-Harris, Brienna; Hoherz, Stefanie; Addo, Fenaba; Lappegård, Trude; Evans, Ann; Sassler, Sharon & Styrc, Marta (2018). Do Marriage and Cohabitation Provide Benefits to Health in Mid-Life? The Role of Childhood Selection Mechanisms and Partnership Characteristics Across Countries. Population: Research and Policy Review.  ISSN 0167-5923.  37(5), s 703- 728 . doi: 10.1007/s11113-018-9467-3
• Dommermuth, Lars; Hohmann-Marriott, Bryndi & Lappegård, Trude (2015). Gender Equality in the Family and Childbearing. Journal of Family Issues.  ISSN 0192-513X.  38(3), s 1803- 1824 . doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X15590686 Vis sammendrag

  Gender equality and equity in the division of household labor may be associated with couples’ transitions to first, second, and third births. Our comprehensive analysis includes the division of housework and child care as well as the perception of whether this division is fair and satisfactory. We use a unique data set combining the Norwegian Generations and Gender Survey (2007) with information on childbirths within 3 years after the interview from the population register. We found that an unequal division of housework is associated with a decreased chance of first and subsequent births. Child care is most relevant when the respondent is satisfied with the division, as one-child couples where the respondent is less satisfied with the division of child care are less likely to have a second child. Our findings suggest that, even in a high-equity context such as Norway, equality and equity in the household are also important for childbearing.

• Dommermuth, Lars; Klobas, Jane & Lappegård, Trude (2015). Realization of fertility intentions by different time frames. Advances in Life Course Research.  ISSN 1569-4909.  24(June), s 34- 46 . doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alcr.2015.02.001 Vis sammendrag

  This paper focuses on the realization of positive fertility intentions with different time frames. The analyses are based on a unique combination of survey data and information from Norwegian administrative registers on childbearing in the years following the complete selected sample. Guided by the theoretical and empirical framework of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), the results suggest that a fertility intention's time frame is relevant for childbearing behaviour, but the patterns are somewhat different for respondents who were childless at the time of the interview compared to those who already had children. Overall, childless were less likely to realize their fertility intentions than parents. Following the TPB, childless may underestimate the difficulty of acting on their intentions and therefore have more difficulty realizing their intentions, versus parents who take into account their ability to manage another child. The results also show that childless with an immediate fertility intention are more likely to succeed than those with a longer-term intention. Likewise, parents with an immediate fertility intention are more likely to realize their intention during the two first years after the interview, but after four years the childbearing rate was higher among those with longer-term fertility intentions.

• Goldscheider, Frances; Bernhardt, Eva & Lappegård, Trude (2015). The Gender Revolution: Theoretical Framework for Understanding New Family-Demographic Behavior. Population and Development Review.  ISSN 0098-7921.
• Vitali, Agnese; Aassve, Arnstein & Lappegård, Trude (2015). Diffusion of childbearing within cohabitation. Demography.  ISSN 0070-3370.
• Lappegård, Trude (2013). Gender equality and fertility: Which equality matters?. European Journal of Population.  ISSN 0168-6577.  29, s 245- 272
• Lappegård, Trude & Bringedal, Kristin Horn (2013). Stor oppslutning om fedrekvoten, I: Berit Brandth & Elin Kvande (red.),  Fedrekvoten og den farsvennlige velferdsstaten.  Universitetsforlaget.  ISBN 978-82-15-02189-8.  Kap 2.  s 29 - 41
• Lappegård, Trude & Rønsen, Marit (2013). Socioeconomic differentials in multi-partner fertility among fathers. Demography.  ISSN 0070-3370.
• Kitterød, Ragni Hege & Lappegård, Trude (2012). A Typology of Work-Family Arrangements among Dual-Earner Couples in Norway. Family Relations.  ISSN 0197-6664.  61(4), s 671- 685 Vis sammendrag

  A symmetrical family model of two workers/care-givers is a central political ambition in Norway as in many other Western European countries. In order to explore how common this family type is, we use a multinomial latent-class model and develop a typology of dual-earner couples with children based on the partners’ allocation of paid and unpaid work. Using data on 2,617 couples from the Norwegian Generations and Gender Survey (GGS), we estimate four classes, two of which are characterized by a fairly equal sharing of paid and unpaid work between the partners, and two of which have more traditional arrangements. Four out of ten couples belong to one of the gender-equal classes. Equal sharing is most likely when the partners are well educated and work regular hours and the father has public-sector employment. The most traditional practice is likely when the partners have less education, the mother has health problems, the father works in the private sector, and the partners work non-regular hours.

• Wiik, Kenneth Aarskaug & Lappegård, Trude (2012). Relationship Quality in Marital and Cohabiting Unions across Europe. Journal of Marriage and Family.  ISSN 0022-2445. . doi: 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2012.00967.x
• Dommermuth, Lars; Klobas, Jane & Lappegård, Trude (2011). Now or later? The Theory of Planned Behavior and timing of fertility intentions. Advances in Life Course Research.  ISSN 1569-4909.  16(1), s 42- 53 . doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alcr.2011.01.002 Vis sammendrag

  This article focuses on the time frame of intentions to have a child. For both parents and childless people we compare those who want a child now with those who intend to have a child within the next three years. Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior and using data from Norway (N = 1307), we investigate the role of attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control on these two different time frames in fertility intention. The results show that subjective norms have a significant effect on the timing of intentions to have a child for both childless people and parents: the more both groups feel that their intention to have a child is supported by their families and friends, the more likely they are to want a child now compared to within the next three years. It also shows that positive attitudes have a significant effect on intending to have a child now rather than later for parents but not for childless people. Perceived behavioural control is a significant determinant for both groups: people who consider themselves better able to cope with having child are more likely to intend to have a child now rather than within the next three years. But this effect disappears when we control for demographic background variables, suggesting that the effect of perceived control on the timing of having a child varies considerably with personal circumstances.

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• Dommermuth, Lars & Lappegård, Trude (2017). Nedgangen i fruktbarheten fra 2010: Betydningen av utdanning, økonomisk aktivitet og økonomiske ressurser for førstefødsler og tredjefødsler. Rapporter / Statistisk sentralbyrå. 2017/12. Vis sammendrag

  Etter årtusenskiftet økte samlet fruktbarhetstall (SFT) fra 1,75 barn per kvinne i 2002 til 1,98 barn per kvinne i 2009. Siden 2010 har SFT falt hvert eneste år og i 2016 var SFT 1,71 barn per kvinne. Vi må tilbake til 1986 for å finne tilsvarende lave tall for SFT. Formålet med analysene i denne rapporten er å få mer kunnskap om hvorfor SFT har gått ned fra 2010 og vi tar utgangspunkt i to viktige årsaker til nedgangen i SFT. For det første har det blitt observert en økning i alder ved førstefødsler og for det andre har det vært en nedgang i tredjefødselsrater. Nedgangen i SFT kom i kjølevannet av finanskrisen og et sentralt spørsmål er hvorvidt endringer i den generelle økonomiske situasjonen og rammebetingelsene på arbeidsmarkedet i Norge har bidratt til nedgangen i SFT. I denne rapporten fokuserer vi på betydningen av kvinners økonomiske aktivitet, utdanning og økonomiske ressurser for førstefødsler og for tredjefødsler.

• Lappegård, Trude; Goldscheider, Frances & Bernhardt, Eva (2017). Introduction to the special collection on finding work-life balance: History, determinants, and consequences of new breadwinning models in the industrialized world. Demographic Research.  ISSN 1435-9871.  37(1), s 853- 866 . doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2017.37.26
• Dommermuth, Lars; Hart, Rannveig Kaldager; Lappegård, Trude; Rønsen, Marit & Wiik, Kenneth Aarskaug (2015). Kunnskapsstatus om fruktbarhet og samliv i Norge. Rapporter / Statistisk sentralbyrå. 2015/31. Vis sammendrag

  Rapporten gir en oppdatert oversikt over norske studier på områdene fruktbarhet og samliv. Til tross for nedgang de siste årene, ligger fruktbarheten i Norge fortsatt høyere enn i de fleste andre europeiske land. Kunnskapsstatusen viser at det er en nær sammenheng mellom fruktbarheten og en rekke ulike faktorer, som sosioøkonomiske ressurser. På noen områder er det gjort flere studier enn på andre. Det er blant annet blitt gjort en rekke studier av sammenhengen mellom utdanning og fruktbarhet. De senere årene har det også vært gjort flere studier av ulike sider av samliv og parforhold og fruktbarhet. Sammenhengen mellom fruktbarhet og familiepolitikk har også vært en sentral del av fruktbarhetsforskningen. De fleste nordmenn gifter seg fortsatt, men ekteskapene inngås senere i livet. Alderen ved første samlivsinngåelse har imidlertid endret seg lite. En viktig grunn til denne utviklingen er økningen i samboerskap. De fleste nyere studier av samlivsinngåelse tar hensyn til denne utviklingen ved å inkludere samboerskap, og det er i den senere tid gjort en rekke studier av forskjeller mellom samboerskap og ekteskap. Forskningen på samlivsområdet har etter hvert også inkludert personer med innvandrerbakgrunn og likekjønnede par. Men fortsatt finnes det få studier av samboeres partnervalg og brudd blant samboerpar.

• Lappegård, Trude & Dommermuth, Lars (2015). Hvorfor faller fruktbarheten i Norge?. Økonomiske analyser.  ISSN 0800-4110.  34(4), s 36- 47 Vis sammendrag

  Det har vært en langvarig trend i at kvinner utsetter når de får sitt første barn, men etter 2009 var det en sterkere utsettelse enn tidligere på 2000-tallet. I tillegg har det vært en langvarig trend i at andelen kvinner som får tre eller flere barn har gått ned. Begge forhold bidrar til nedgangen i samlet fruktbarhetstall siden 2010.

• Veenstra, Marijke; Dommermuth, Lars; Blekesaune, Morten; Koløen, Kristine; Hansen, Thomas; Herlofson, Katharina; Lima, Ivar Andreas Åsland & Lappegård, Trude (2012). The ACCESS Life Course Research Infrastructure – a Norwegian based infrastructure facilitating access to high quality life course data.
• Kitterød, Ragni Hege & Lappegård, Trude (2010). A typology of work-family arrangmenets among dual-earner couples in Norway. SSB - Discussion papers. 636.
• Brunborg, Helge; Slagsvold, Britt & Lappegård, Trude (2009). LOGG 2007 - en stor undersøkelse om livsløp, generasjon og kjønn. Samfunnsspeilet : Tidsskrift om levekår og livsstil.  ISSN 0801-7603.  23(1), s 2- 8

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