Synøve Nygaard Andersen

• Brodeur, Abel; Mikola, Derek; Cook, Nikolai; Fiala, Lenka; Brailey, Thomas & Briggs, Ryan [Vis alle 347 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Reproducibility and robustness of economics and political science research. Nature. ISSN 0028-0836. 652, s. 151–156. doi: 10.1038/s41586-026-10251-x. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Science aspires to be cumulative. Reproducibility efforts strengthen science by testing the reliability of published findings, promoting self-correction, and informing policy-making1. Computational reproductions, whereby independent researchers reproduce the results of published studies, are an essential diagnostic tool2–10. Such efforts should have greater visibility11–16. However, little social science reproduction and robustness has been conducted at scale10,13,17–23. Here we reproduced original analyses and conducted robustness checks of 110 articles that were published in leading economics and political science journals with mandatory data and code sharing policies17,18. We found that more than 85% of published claims were computationally reproducible. In robustness checks, our reanalyses showed that 72% of statistically significant estimates remain significant and in the same direction, and the median reproduced effect size is nearly the same as the originally published effect size (that is, 99% of the published effect size). Additionally, 6 independent research teams examined 12 pre-specified hypotheses about determinants of robustness. Research teams with more experience found lower levels of robustness, and robustness did not correlate with author characteristics or data availability. Robustness checks and reproduction of analyses with existing and updated data based on 110 articles in economics and political science journals with data and code-sharing requirements found high levels of robustness and reproducibility and determined that robustness was not dependent on author characteristics or data availability.

• Horowitz, Veronica; Nolan, Patrick; Uggen, Christopher; Hyatt, Jordan M. & Andersen, Synøve Nygaard (2026). Considering the pervasiveness of the “danger imperative” in prisons: Perspectives from reform-oriented correctional officers. Punishment & Society. ISSN 1462-4745. doi: 10.1177/14624745261436436. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Horowitz, Veronica L.; Kaur, Sirat; Andersen, Synøve Nygaard & Hyatt, Jordan M. (2025). A Shared Sorrow: Conceptualizing Mass Carceral Grief. Social Sciences. 14(10). doi: 10.3390/socsci14100577. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The communities that develop in prison are often small, insular, and central to the experience of incarceration. In these carceral communities, the deaths of individuals—especially those integral to these groups—can echo heavily within a housing unit, and even an entire institution, resulting in a collective experience of grief. While grief is experienced universally, it manifests in unique ways in the carceral context. The shared sorrow, loss, and sadness characterizing the experiences of those left behind are central to this form of mourning, and among imprisoned communities, grief is experienced uniquely. This paper draws on semi-structured interviews with 58 men imprisoned during the COVID-19 pandemic in an institution where over a dozen men died in a relatively short time. Their experiences suggest that, while grieving in prison is often complicated and may be repressed by both the individual and the carceral institution, bereavement may take a different form when experienced collectively and broadly within the carceral context. We develop the concept of mass carceral grief to explain this phenomenon. While unique in many ways, the lessons on carceral grief from this public health crisis can inform our broader understanding of how loss impacts those incarcerated.

• Tiem, Britte van; Nieuwbeerta, Paul; Andersen, Synøve Nygaard; Hyatt, Jordan M. & Palmen, Hanneke (2025). Measuring prison climate across contexts: Lessons from administering the Prison Climate Questionnaire in the USA. European Journal of Criminology. ISSN 1477-3708. 22(5), s. 843–874. doi: 10.1177/14773708241290036. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Prison climate surveys are uniquely positioned to identify how the quality of prison life differs both within and between institutions. However, much of this comparative potential remains unrealized, in part because of insufficient evidence that existing survey instruments are suitable for use in different contexts and that survey data can be reliably compared across contexts. In this paper, we explore the suitability of the Prison Climate Questionnaire (PCQ), originally developed in the Netherlands (NL), for use in the USA by assessing its factor structure, reliability, construct validity, and criterion validity using survey data from Pennsylvania ( N  = 632). We compare our findings with previously published psychometric results from the NL. Results of psychometric analyses show several striking similarities between the two countries, pointing to areas where the survey might be improved. While the PCQ shows potential for stand-alone use in the USA, further work would be required to use the tool in explicitly comparative research. We draw lessons from this collaboration to inform future efforts to develop standardized prison climate surveys more suitable for comparative analyses of prison climate in Europe and beyond.

• Horowitz, Veronica L.; Chanenson, Steven L.; Uggen, Christopher; Nario-Lopez, Hannah; Andersen, Synøve Nygaard & Hyatt, Jordan M. (2025). Discouraging dignity: Linguistic barriers to transforming the prison environment. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice. ISSN 1756-0616. 82. doi: 10.1016/j.ijlcj.2025.100755. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  There has been a recent push towards person-first language to describe people detained in the carceral system. This paper widens that lens, focusing on the language used to describe individuals who work in the system, specifically those perceived as pursuing too much dignity for incarcerated people. The paper revolves around a qualitative analysis of data from semi-structured interviews with 14 DOC employees involved in a prison reform project. By semantically analyzing variations in language meaning and purpose, the study finds that reform-minded correctional officers differentiate how they talk to and about incarcerated people. Also salient is that prison staff can be subject to language-based stigma if they are perceived as too sympathetic to incarcerated people. Specifically, the terms “inmate-lover” and “hug-a-thug” are pejorative and are employed by other correctional officers to undermine reform-oriented colleagues. We explore the various definitions and meanings of these terms and contemplate their policy significance.

• Greberman, Emily; Andersen, Synøve Nygaard; Berryessa, Colleen M. & Hyatt, Jordan M. (2025). The importance of social dynamics in a prison environment: Learning from the concerns of incarcerated people. Journal of criminal justice. ISSN 0047-2352. 101. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102537. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The prison environment requires incarcerated individuals to navigate myriad norms, rules, personal constraints, and informal social dynamics that permeate the carceral experience. While research has gained valuable insights into the lived experience of imprisonment through surveys and interviews, an opportunity arises when incarcerated people are given a chance to voice their concerns firsthand. To better understand the priorities and concerns of incarcerated individuals, this paper employs a qualitative thematic analysis, rooted in grounded theory, of written, optional, open-ended responses to a survey on prison climate amongst incarcerated men in the U.S. (N = 376). When given a chance to reflect on issues that are important to them, participants often focused on negative perceptions of staff stemming from previous communication and interactions. Findings suggest that incarcerated people desire accessibility, support, and humane treatment from staff; when perceived as lacking, the adversarial distance between the two groups may widen. Acknowledging the systemic nature of these dynamics, the study offers avenues to support and encourage prosocial communication in order to improve relationships between staff and those incarcerated.

• Tamnes, Christian K.; Bekkhus, Mona; Eilertsen, Maja; Nes, Ragnhild Bang; Prydz, Monica Beer & Ystrom, Eivind [Vis alle 63 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). The nature of the relation between mental well-being and ill-being. Nature Human Behaviour. 9(12), s. 2431–2440. doi: 10.1038/s41562-025-02319-x. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Horowitz, Veronica L.; Andersen, Synøve Nygaard & Hyatt, Jordan M. (2025). COVID-19 and the New Pains of Imprisonment. British Journal of Criminology. ISSN 0007-0955. 65(1), s. 75–92. doi: 10.1093/bjc/azae036. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  As the COVID-19 pandemic upended life worldwide, prisons gained attention as epicentres for the virus. The focus was primarily on infections and death rates, often omitting the impact on incarcerated people. This study draws on semi-structured interviews (n = 58) with men imprisoned throughout the pandemic. Using and extending classic and contemporary theorizations of ‘the pains of imprisonment’, we find that official pandemic responses meant that (1) new, pandemic-related pains developed, (2) established pains changed in severity and took new manifestations, and (3) pains were experienced simultaneously and interactively. Thus, the pandemic amplified, diversified and compounded the pains of imprisonment. While most visible in the context of a large-scale crisis, these concepts provide an expanded, broadly applicable framing for future carceral scholarship.

• Andersen, Synøve Nygaard (2024). Marked by a Criminal Record? Socioeconomic Differences in the Relationship Between Early Criminal Justice Contacts and Adult Life Outcomes. Archives Europeennes de Sociologie. ISSN 0003-9756. 65(1), s. 69–102. doi: 10.1017/S0003975623000619. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This paper combines life course theory and empirical research on the collateral consequences of punishment as a backdrop to exploring the relationship between both the presence of and seriousness of a criminal record measured in early adulthood (age 25) and later life outcomes (ages 41-49), both in total and by socioeconomic status. The analysis relies on a combination of longitudinal survey data and administrative register data for 2,022 individuals who were between 12 and 20 years old when the data collection started. Results show that the criminal record is linked to both labor market and social exclusion later in life, but most systematically to (worse) labor market outcomes. Somewhat surprisingly, low SES seems to “buffer” against some of the unwanted outcomes linked to having a more serious criminal record, while high SES seems to “boost” others. Implications for future research on both deviance and stratification are discussed.

• Brodeur, Abel; Mikola, Derek; Cook, Nikolai; al, . et; Andersen, Synøve Nygaard & Borgen, Nicolai T. [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Mass Reproducibility and Replicability: A New Hope. I4R Discussion Paper Series, The Institute for Replication (I4R). ISSN 2752-1931. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Andersen, Synøve Nygaard (2024). Does Policing Help or Hurt? Examining the Longitudinal Relationship Between Police Involvement and Delinquency in Norway. British Journal of Criminology. ISSN 0007-0955. 64(2), s. 308–325. doi: 10.1093/bjc/azad032. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The population heterogeneity argument links criminality to time-stable individual traits and suggests that criminal justice system involvements exert no independent influence on criminal behaviour. This study directly tests this postulation by estimating the relationship between police involvement and subsequent delinquency in an individual fixed effects design. The analysis relies on five waves of longitudinal data on self-reported delinquency and administrative data on police contacts. Results show that time-stable individual traits matter, but that the frequency of police contacts is positively associated with offending also after such characteristics have been accounted for. The results are thus in line with the state dependence argument and provide tentative support for labelling theory’s postulation that criminal justice involvement increases rather than decreases criminal behaviour.

• Hyatt, Jordan M.; Andersen, Synøve Nygaard & Tiem, Britte van (2024). Perceptions of incarcerated people: prison conditions, public health, and justice in the United States. Journal of Public Health Policy. ISSN 0197-5897. 45(3), s. 446–459. doi: 10.1057/s41271-024-00496-z. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Carceral conditions in the United States may serve as a proxy for crises within justice and health systems. This study seeks to consider and measure prison climate from the perspective of incarcerated people. By examining within-facility differences in carceral experiences, results shed light on the complex nexus between the carceral context, health, and justice. We administered the Prison Climate Questionnaire (PCQ) to the complete population of incarcerated men in a correctional facility located in the Eastern United States. In this facility, housing units hold distinct populations, fulfill different functions, and can offer unique programming. We regress select items from the PCQ on a set of dummies corresponding to different residential units within the facility. Responses indicate low but relatively uniform perceptions of overall personal health, as well as access to, and satisfaction with, medical care. Between-unit differences emerge regarding staff relationships, experiences of discrimination, and levels of isolation. The perspectives of incarcerated people can, and should, play a role in understanding and conceptualizing the nature of the prison environment. Policy responses, especially those that impact the health and well-being of currently and formerly incarcerated people, can be informed by these perspectives.

• Andersen, Synøve Nygaard & Mjåland, Kristian (2024). Rus, fengsel og soning. Forebygging.no. s. 1–20. doi: 10.21340/ah8a-5221. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  There is a strong relationship between social class and crime. This relationship is particularly evident in Norwegian prisons, where there is an overrepresentation of persons from low socioeconomic backgrounds, many of whom are struggling with drug addiction. In this article we review research on drugs in prisons, and ask: What characterizes people’s drug use patterns before and during imprisonment? How common is it to begin using drugs in prison? What kind of drugs are used in Norwegian prisons, how do people gain access to them, and how does the presence of drugs affect social dynamics? The article tries to answer these questions by reviewing recent Norwegian and international research. In sum, the review suggests that: drug use is prevalent among approximately 30 per cent of inmates in Norwegian prisons; cannabis is the drug most frequently used; it is relatively common for people who use drugs prior to incarceration to stop using drugs while in prison, whereas onset in prison is very rare; those who report in-prison drug use also report frequent and relatively severe drug use (including polydrug use and the use of syringes) prior to their imprisonment; changing the type of drugs taken in prison is common; and drugs are not only sold but also shared in prison.

• Andersen, Synøve Nygaard; Borgen, Nicolai T.; Borgen, Solveig Topstad; Brini, Elisa; Frith, Michael James & Gugushvili, Alexi (2023). Replicating" State Action to Prevent Violence against Women". A Comment on Córdova & Kras (2022). I4R Discussion Paper Series, The Institute for Replication (I4R). ISSN 2752-1931. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Andersen, Synøve Nygaard; Hyatt, Jordan M.; Lobmaier, Philipp Paul; Stavseth, Marianne Riksheim & Bukten, Anne (2023). Leaving Their Drugs at the Gate? Exploring Changes in Drug Use From Before to During Incarceration in Norway. International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology. ISSN 0306-624X. doi: 10.1177/0306624X231168596. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hyatt, Jordan M.; Andersen, Synøve Nygaard; Greberman, Emily R.; Andersen, Lars H. & Christensen, Ivan (2022). Developing Harm Reduction Policies: Evidence from Copenhagen’s Drug Consumption Rooms. Drug and Alcohol Review. ISSN 0959-5236. 42(1). doi: 10.1111/dar.13509. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Adsera, Alicia; Andersen, Synøve Nygaard & Tønnessen, Marianne (2022). Does One Municipality Fit All? The Employment of Refugees in Norway Across Municipalities of Different Centrality and Size. European Journal of Population. ISSN 0168-6577. 38(3), s. 547–575. doi: 10.1007/s10680-022-09618-3. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hyatt, Jordan M.; Andersen, Synøve Nygaard & Chanenson, Steven L. (2022). Nordic Design: Embracing Inspiration for Reforming Criminal Fines. Federal Sentencing Reporter. ISSN 1053-9867. 34(2-3), s. 155–165. doi: 10.1525/fsr.2022.34.2-3.155. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Legal financial obligations serve a range of practical and ideological functions within the modern American criminal justice system. Criminal fines are punitive in nature and intended to reflect the severity of the offense as well as having a deterrent component. When assessed in conjunction with other financial penalties, including fees and restitution, the collective economic burden of these sanctions can be significant. An increasingly robust body of literature highlights the unequal impact and collateral harms of these punishments, especially those for people who fall into different socioeconomic groupings. There is a danger that the well-deserved opprobrium directed at fees and the cumulative effect of legal financial obligations will mask some benefits of properly targeted and calibrated fines. Here, we explore an opportunity for reform in the United States inspired by two Nordic sentencing policy models for fines. First, we look to Norwegian penal policy to consider expanding the use of fines as the primary sanction for a wider range of criminal offenses, especially in lieu of short terms of incarceration. We temper the impact of this change, especially for indigent defendants, by considering the implementation of a means-adjusted “day fine” system which are prevalent in Denmark, Sweden, and Finland, and other individualized adjustments as in Norway. Taken together, these policies could reduce the American over-reliance on incarceration while modifying punitive fiscal sanctions in a manner that meets the purposes of punishment and seeks to minimize the unintended harms of financial punishment.

• Hart, Rannveig Kaldager; Andersen, Synøve Nygaard & Drange, Nina Eirin (2022). Effects of extended paternity leave on family dynamics. Journal of Marriage and Family. ISSN 0022-2445. 84(3), s. 814–839. doi: 10.1111/jomf.12818. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Andersen, Synøve Nygaard; Savolainen, Jukka & Messner, Steven F (2022). Exploring sources of heterogeneity in immigrant crime: Evidence from Norway. Acta Sociologica. ISSN 0001-6993. 65(4), s. 439–458. doi: 10.1177/00016993221109704. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Evidence from prior research indicates that, in many European countries, immigrants tend to be overrepresented in official crime statistics. Most of these studies treat immigrants as a single category, ignoring considerable differences in the characteristics of this population aggregate. To better understand the nature of immigrant crime, our research explores variation in registered criminal offending across two characteristics that have been relatively neglected in previous work: the immigrants’ cultural backgrounds and their reasons to migrate. The analysis uses population-wide microdata from Norwegian administrative sources and considers both violent and total offending rates for men and women separately. Results show that, net of controls for age, employment, and other sociodemographic factors, immigrant men from environments that differ culturally the most from Norway in terms of Survival versus Self-Expression values have increased rates of registered criminal involvement. Rates are also higher for refugees and family members of refugees, but the relative ranking of groups that have migrated for various reasons differs between men and women and between total and violent offending. Our results are consistent with processes to be expected based on social control, anomie/strain, and labelling perspectives, suggesting fruitful avenues of inquiry for future research on the relationships between immigrant background and registered offending.

• Andersen, Synøve Nygaard; Holmboe, Morten & Skardhamar, Torbjørn (2021). Fører endringer i loven til endringer i rettspraksis?: En empirisk analyse av straffutmåling i voldsdommer etter en endring av den norske straffeloven. Nordisk Tidsskrift for Kriminalvidenskab. ISSN 0029-1528. 108(1), s. 8–26. doi: 10.7146/ntfk.v108i1.125561. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Andersen, Synøve Nygaard; Adsera, Alicia & Tønnessen, Marianne (2021). Municipality Characteristics and the Fertility of Refugees in Norway. Journal of International Migration and Integration. ISSN 1488-3473. doi: 10.1007/s12134-021-00840-2. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Abstract The study of the fertility of immigrants has received much attention in recent years, particularly in societies with fertility rates below replacement levels. However, fertility in refugee populations remains understudied. Using rich register data on all female refugees of childbearing age (15–45 years) who arrived and settled in Norway between 2002 and 2015 (N=23,527), we utilize the Norwegian settlement policy for refugees—which assigns all refugees coming to Norway to a municipality where they start their integration process—to study how fertility behavior in the years following settlement is related to the characteristics of the municipality to which refugee women are assigned. Importantly, we are able to control for individual-level characteristics used by the government agency at assignment, thus limiting the problem of selection on (un)observables. As explanatory variables, we focus on municipality unemployment rates, the share of non-Western immigrants already living in the municipality, and the total fertility rate in the municipality, and also control for the municipality’s age structure and childcare coverage. The study is thus of an exploratory nature. We measure these municipality characteristics the year before refugees settle and estimate their respective correlations with fertility (measured as the likelihood of having had at least one child in Norway) at the individual level for up to 8 years after settlement. We also explore heterogeneity by education and parity at settlement. We fnd no systematic associations between the share of non-Western immigrants in the municipality and refugees’ fertility; however, the municipality’s fertility rate is positively

• Hyatt, Jordan M.; Andersen, Synøve Nygaard; Chanenson, Steven L.; Horowitz, Veronica L. & Uggen, Chris (2021). «We Can Actually Do This”: Adapting Scandinavian Correctional Culture in Pennsylvania. American Criminal Law Review. ISSN 0164-0364. 58(4), s. 1715–1746. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Horowitz, Veronica L.; Greberman, Emily R.; Nolan, Patrick E.; Hyatt, Jordan M; Uggen, Chris & Andersen, Synøve Nygaard [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). A Comparative Perspective on Officer Wellness: American Reflections from Norwegian Prisons. Criminal justice studies. ISSN 1478-601X. 34(4), s. 477–497. doi: 10.1080/1478601X.2021.2001231. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hyatt, Jordan M; Andersen, Synøve Nygaard & Chanenson, Steven L. (2020). Prison cells as a grounded embodiment of penal ideologies: A Norwegian-American comparison. I Turner, Jennifer & Knight, Victoria (Red.), The prison cell: Embodied and everyday spaces of incarceration. Palgrave Macmillan. ISSN 9783030399108. s. 45–70. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This book advances conceptualisations and empirical understanding of the prison cell. It discusses the complexities of this specific carceral space and addresses its significance in relation to the everyday experiences of incarceration. The collected chapters highlight the array of processes and practices that shape carceral life, adding the cell to a rich area of discussion in penal scholarship, criminology, anthropology, sociology and carceral geography. The chapters highlight key aspects such as penal philosophies, power relationships, sensory and emotional engagements with place to highlight the breadth and depth of interdisciplinary perspectives on the prison cell: a contested place of home, labour and leisure. The Prison Cell’s empirical attention is global in its consideration, bringing together both contemporary and historical work that focuses upon the cell in the Global North and South including examples from a variety of geographical locations and settings, including police custody, prisons and immigrant detention centres. This book is an important and timely intervention in the growing and topical field of carceral studies. It presents the only standalone collection of essays with a sole focus on the space of the cell.

• Andersen, Synøve Nygaard; Hyatt, Jordan M. & Telle, Kjetil (2020). Exploring the unintended consequences of implementing electronic monitoring on sentencing in Norway. Nordic Journal of Criminology. ISSN 2578-983X. 21(2), s. 129–151. doi: 10.1080/2578983X.2020.1805235. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Andersen, Synøve Nygaard (2019). Co-offending in Norway: A comparative perspective. I Hufnagel, Saskia & Moiseienko, Anton (Red.), Criminal networks and law enforcement: Global international perspectives on illicit enterprise. Routledge. ISSN 9780815386001. s. 7–27. doi: 10.4324/9781351176194-2. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hyatt, Jordan M & Andersen, Synøve Nygaard (2019). On the potential of incorporating administrative register data into randomized experiments. Journal of Experimental Criminology. ISSN 1573-3750. doi: 10.1007/s11292-019-09354-5. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Duvander, Ann-Zofie; Lappegård, Trude; Andersen, Synøve Nygaard; Gardarsdóttir, Ólöf; Neyer, Gerda & Viklund, Ida (2019). Parental leave policies and continued childbearing in Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. Demographic Research. ISSN 1435-9871. 40, s. 1501–1528. doi: 10.4054/DEMRES.2019.40.51. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Demographic theories maintain that family policies that support gender equality may lead to higher fertility levels in postindustrial societies. This phenomenon is often exemplified by the situation in the Nordic countries. These countries have parental leave policies that promote a gender-equal work-care balance for both parents, and these countries have comparatively high fertility levels. However, very little is known about the association between these policies and childbearing at the individual level.

• Andersen, Synøve Nygaard (2019). Partners in Crime? Post-Release Recidivism among Solo and Co-Offenders in Norway. Nordic Journal of Criminology. ISSN 2578-983X. 20(2), s. 112–137. doi: 10.1080/2578983X.2019.1606492. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Lappegård, Trude; Duvander, Ann-Zofie; Neyer, Gerda; Viklund, Ida; Andersen, Synøve Nygaard & Garðarsdóttir, Ólöf (2019). Fathers’ Use of Parental Leave and Union Dissolution. European Journal of Population. ISSN 0168-6577. 36, s. 1–25. doi: 10.1007/s10680-019-09518-z. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  With increasing union dissolution and changing gender behaviour, questions have emerged about possible links between gender equality and union stability. The aim of this article is to examine whether and how early fathers’ involvement in child-rearing is associated with union dissolution in three Nordic countries. All three countries have reserved part of their parental leave to be used by one parent in order to promote fathers’ engagement in child-rearing. Our analysis uses fathers’ parental leave as a proxy for his involvement, and we distinguish between fathers who take no leave (“non-conforming fathers”), fathers who take only the reserved part (“policy-conforming fathers”) and fathers who take more than the reserved part (“gender-egalitarian-oriented fathers”). We find that couples in which the father uses parental leave have a lower risk of union dissolution than couples in which the father takes no leave. The pattern is consistent for all countries, for the whole study period 1993–2011, and for cohabiting and married couples. However, we do not find support for asserting that the couples with greatest gender equality, in which fathers take longer leave than the policy reserves, are the most stable unions, as the pattern is not uniform in the three countries. We attribute this to the fact that gender equality within the family in the Nordic countries is still an ongoing process, and the relationship between gender behaviour and union stability is still in flux.

• Andersen, Synøve Nygaard & Telle, Kjetil (2019). Better Out Than In? The Effect of Replacing Incarceration with Electronic Monitoring on Recidivism in Norway. European Journal of Criminology. ISSN 1477-3708. 19(1). doi: 10.1177/1477370819887515. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Andersen, Synøve Nygaard & Hyatt, Jordan M (2018). Randomized experiments in Scandinavian criminal justice: Reviewing the past and looking to the future. European Journal of Criminology. ISSN 1477-3708. 17(2), s. 224–244. doi: 10.1177/1477370818788015. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Randomized controlled trials are reported on with increasing frequency within the criminological literature. This development, which is commonly seen as being a part of a global shift towards evidence-based policies, relies heavily on reviews of American research. However, other regions face distinct challenges and employ distinct policy solutions, potentially undermining the uniformity of this trend. In particular, the Scandinavian nations (Denmark, Norway and Sweden), with distinct penal philosophies, may offer a counter-narrative. Here, we conduct a multi-lingual systematic review of crime-related experiments in Scandinavia. Findings show that only eight experiments with an offending or delinquency outcome were published before 2015, six of which focused primarily on medical or psychological treatments. We suggest this distribution is driven by unique, regional epistemological traditions and conclude by outlining distinctive opportunities for experimental criminology in Scandinavia.

• Andersen, Synøve Nygaard & Hyatt, Jordan M (2018). Building a Policy “Sandbox”: An Opportunity for Comparative Sentencing and Corrections. Federal Sentencing Reporter. ISSN 1053-9867. 31(1), s. 14–20. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Andersen, Synøve Nygaard; Drange, Nina Eirin & Lappegård, Trude (2018). Can a cash transfer to families change fertility behaviour? Demographic Research. ISSN 1435-9871. 38, s. 897–928. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2018.38.33. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objective: This paper assesses the much-disputed relationship between family policy and fertility, and cash transfers and fertility in particular. Methods: We take advantage of a cash-for-care (CFC) policy introduced in Norway in 1998, and compare the subsequent fertility behaviour of eligible and ineligible mothers over a four-year period. We estimate linear models assessing both the occurrence and timing of second births, relying on a rich set of covariates and a sensitivity analysis to ensure the robustness of our results. Results: Contrary to theoretical expectations, the results show that CFC-eligible mothers had a slower progression to second births and lower short-term fertility. The patterns differ between different groups of mothers, and the decline in subsequent childbearing is only statistically significant among mothers with upper secondary (but not higher) education and part-time or full-time employment. We find no increase in short-term fertility in any group of mothers, and suggest that this pattern may be driven by an interaction between the CFC benefit and the already established Norwegian parental leave scheme. Contribution: The paper demonstrates how policy changes may indeed be associated with changes in fertility behaviour, and that this association may run in theoretically unexpected directions when a given policy is implemented in a wider policy framework. Moreover, it demonstrates how eligible parents may differ in their response to policies depending on the policy’s income effect and the parents’ opportunity costs of childbearing.

• Andersen, Synøve Nygaard & Skardhamar, Torbjørn (2015). Pick a Number: Mapping Recidivism Measures and Their Consequences. Crime and delinquency. ISSN 0011-1287. doi: 10.1177/0011128715570629. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Harsløf, Ivan; Scarpa, Simone & Andersen, Synøve Nygaard (2013). Changing Population Profiles and Social Risks Structures in the Nordic Countries. I Harsløf, Ivan & Ulmestig, Rickard (Red.), Changing Social Risks and Social Policy Responses in the Nordic Welfare States. Palgrave Macmillan. ISSN 9781137267184. s. 25–49. doi: 10.1057/9781137267191_2. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Andersen, Synøve Nygaard & Ringdal, Kristen (2012). Welfare regimes and personal risks. I Ervasti, Heikki; Andersen, Jørgen Goul; Fridberg, Torben & Ringdal, Kristen (Red.), The Future of the Welfare State. Social Policy Attitudes and Social Capital in Europe. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISSN 9781781001264. s. 17–45. doi: 10.4337/9781781001271.00007. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

Se alle arbeider i NVA

• Rye, Johan Fredrik & Andersen, Synøve Nygaard (2025). Slett ingen sosiologisk krise - Sosiologen. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Rekrutteringen til den sosiologiske disiplinen er stabil over tid, viser søkertallene fra Samordna opptak.

• Andersen, Synøve Nygaard & Mjåland, Kristian (2025). Rus i fengslene. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tønnessen, Marianne & Andersen, Synøve Nygaard (2023). Bosettingskommune og integrering blant voksne flyktninger. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hyatt, Jordan; Andersen, Synøve Nygaard; Veen, Jannet van der & Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen (2023). Philadelphia bans supervised injection sites – evidence suggests keeping drug users on the street could do more harm than good. The Conversation. ISSN 2201-5639. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Adsera, Alicia; Tønnessen, Marianne & Andersen, Synøve Nygaard (2021). One municipality does not fit all The employment of refugees in Norway across municipalities of different centrality and size. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Andersen, Synøve Nygaard; Hyatt, Jordan M & Uggen, Chris (2021). “Personal, Not Private”: Exploring the Dual Role of ‘Social Worker’ and ‘Guard’ Held by Norwegian and American Correctional Officers. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Chanenson, Steven L.; Andersen, Synøve Nygaard; Hyatt, Jordan M; Høidal, Are; Eason, Kenneth & Connor-Council, Patricia (2021). “Ice in the Stomach: Reforming Prisons at Home and Abroad. Annotated Transcript. American Criminal Law Review. ISSN 0164-0364. 58(4), s. 1755–1755. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Andersen, Synøve Nygaard & Adsera, Alicia (2020). Bør flyktninger bosettes i byer? Sysselsettinger blant flyktninger bosatt i by og bygd. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tønnessen, Marianne & Andersen, Synøve Nygaard (2019). Municipality type and integration of refugees in Norway. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tønnessen, Marianne & Andersen, Synøve Nygaard (2019). Municipality type and refugees’ outcomes. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tønnessen, Marianne; Andersen, Synøve Nygaard & Adsera, Alicia (2019). Does municipality size matter for the successful integration of refugees: Evidence from Norway. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hart, Rannveig Kaldager; Andersen, Synøve Nygaard & Drange, Nina Eirin (2019). Effects of Extended Paternity Leave on Union Stability and Fertility. SSB - Discussion papers. ISSN 0809-733X. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Long paternity leaves have the potential for lasting effects on parental unions, potentially reducing specialization and increasing union stability and fertility. We put these hypotheses to a causal test, using an extension of the Norwegian parental leave ather's quota from 6 to 10 weeks as a source of exogenous variation in fathers' leave uptake. We implement a Regression Discontinuity design, using full population data from Norwegian administrative registers of parents of children in a four-month window around the reform (N = 9 757). The reform significantly increased the amount of leave taken by fathers by about three weeks and reduced the amount of leave taken by mothers. Neither union stability, fertility nor his or her subsequent earnings were affected by the reform.

• Andersen, Synøve Nygaard; Skardhamar, Torbjørn & Holmboe, Morten (2019). The effect of increased sentence length on recidivism and employment: A reform study of violent offenders sentenced to prison. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Andersen, Synøve Nygaard (2019). Innvandrere begår sjeldnere kriminalitet sammen med andre: Gruppekriminalitet blant innvandrere og i resten av befolkningen. SSB analyse. ISSN 2535-4817. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Gruppekriminalitet er mindre vanlig blant innvandrere enn i resten av befolkningen. Denne typen kriminalitet henger sammen med et større antall begåtte lovbrudd i begge befolkningsgrupper.

• Hyatt, Jordan M & Andersen, Synøve Nygaard (2018). Exploring Norwegian Sentencing and Corrections as a Foundation for Comparative Policy Analysis. Guest Editor’s Observations. Federal Sentencing Reporter. ISSN 1053-9867. 31(1), s. 1–4. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Andersen, Synøve Nygaard & Skardhamar, Torbjørn (2013). Tilbakefall til gjentatt kriminalitet: Å måle gjentatt kriminalitet – hvem, hva og når? Samfunnsspeilet : Tidsskrift om levekår og livsstil. ISSN 0801-7603. s. 24–28. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Hvor høyt er tilbakefallet til kriminalitet i Norge? Tilbakefall blir målt på en rekke ulike måter og med svært forskjellige resultater. Tallene i vår undersøkelse varierer mellom 10 og 55 prosent, avhengig av hvordan gjengangerne blant lovbryterne er gruppert og analysert. Andelen som begår kriminalitet på ny er høyest i gruppen som er løslatt fra fengsel, sammenlignet med gruppene som er siktet eller dømt for begåtte forbrytelser.

• Tønnessen, Marianne & Andersen, Synøve Nygaard (2019). Bosettingskommune og integrering blant voksne flyktninger: Hvem bosettes hvor, og hva er sammenhengen mellom bosettingskommunens egenskaper og videre integreringsutfall? Statistisk sentralbyrå (SSB). ISSN 9788253799315. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Flyktninger som får opphold i Norge blir vanligvis bosatt av statlige myndigheter i en av landets kommuner. Norge har mer enn 400 kommuner, og det er stor variasjon fra kommune til kommune når det gjelder forhold som for eksempel arbeidsmarked, innbyggernes utdannings- og inntektsnivå, sentralitet, folketall og andel innvandrere. Disse forholdene kan tenkes å påvirke hvordan det går med flyktningene på lang sikt. For å si noe om en slik effekt av bosettingskommunens egenskaper på langsiktige integreringsutfall på individnivå er det imidlertid nødvendig at det ikke finnes systematiske forskjeller på såkalte uobserverbare kjennetegn som påvirker både hvem som bosettes hvor og hvordan det går med flyktningene i arbeidslivet og på andre sosiale arenaer. Hittil finnes det begrenset med systematisk informasjon om bosettingspraksisen i UDI (Utlendingsdirektoratet) og IMDi (Integrerings- og mangfoldsdirektoratet), samt hvorvidt hele eller deler av denne praksisen kan brukes som utgangspunkt for et kausalt forskningsdesign. Følgelig er det også begrenset hva vi vet om effekten av å bli bosatt i en kommune med visse kjennetegn for videre integrering. Det er disse spørsmålene som ligger til grunn for denne rapporten.

• Kornstad, Tom & Andersen, Synøve Nygaard (2017). Botid og kriminalitet blant voksne innvandrere i Norge. Statistisk sentralbyrå (SSB). ISSN 9788253796451. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Denne analysen undersøker sammenhengen mellom botid og kriminalitet blant alle innvandrere som fikk innvilget oppholdstillatelse f.o.m. fylte 18 år mellom 1993 og 2014. Hensikten er å øke kunnskapen om hvilke prosesser som bidrar til variasjoner i kriminalitetsratene i ulike grupper av innvandrere i Norge, og således få bedre innsikt i mulige årsaker til at noen innvandrere begår kriminalitet mens andre ikke gjør det. Samlet sett viser analysen at andelen som begår minst ett lovbrudd de blir siktet for et gitt år, øker hvert år fram til fem års botid, før den synker gradvis fram til 22 års botid. Sammenhengen varierer imidlertid for ulike grupper av innvandrere. I analysene etter landbakgrunn ser vi to ulike mønstre. Blant personer fra Norden, Vest-Europa og Øst-Europa stiger andelen gjerningspersoner kun fra det første til det andre året i Norge før den synker over tid. Blant innvandrere fra Asia, Afrika og Sør- og Mellom-Amerika øker derimot andelen gjerningspersoner mer gradvis fram til henholdsvis fire, sju og åtte års botid før den snur. Også innvandringsgrunn har stor betydning for sammenhengen mellom botid og kriminalitet. Blant arbeidsinnvandrere ser vi en svak økning fram til tre års botid. For flyktninger snur utviklingen etter fire år, men på et langt høyere nivå enn for arbeidsinnvandrere. For familieinnvandrere er økningen mer gradvis, og igjen på et noe lavere nivå, og snur ikke før etter ni års botid. Samlet sett er det flere likhetstrekk i sammenhengen mellom botid og kriminalitet blant innvandrere fra Øst- og Vest-Europa, samt for arbeidsinnvandrere. Dette kan tyde på at personer med mer umiddelbar tilgang til norsk arbeidsliv har andre veier inn i (eller unna) kriminalitet enn personer som ikke har det. En viktig årsak til den konkave sammenhengen mellom botid og kriminalitet er at personer med ulik botid har ulik befolkningssammensetning og således ulik tilbøyelighet til å begå kriminalitet. En betydelig del av nedgangen i andelen gjerningspersoner ettersom botiden øker henger sammen med at personer med lengre botid er eldre enn de med kort botid, samt at personer med lengre botid har høyere inntekt, høyere utdanningsnivå og oftere er under utdanning. Noe av nedgangen består imidlertid for de aller fleste undergrupper også etter at vi tar hensyn til at sosiodemografiske kjennetegn som kjønn, alder, bosted, utdanning og inntekt endrer seg med botid. Samtidig finner vi at økningen i andelen gjerningspersoner de første årene i Norge ikke kan forklares med endringer i slike sosiodemografiske faktorer. Dette tyder på at det ikke bare er integrering inn i konvensjonelle samfunnsinstitusjoner som utdanning og arbeidsliv som tar tid, men at det samme kan gjelde kriminalitet. Den gradvise økningen i kriminalitet de første årene etter innvilget opphold blant innvandrere fra landgrupper utenfor Europa, samt familieinnvandrere og flyktninger, peker på at tiden rundt bosetting kan være en potensielt viktig periode å sette inn kriminalpreventive tiltak. Endelig viser analysen at sammenhengen mellom botid og kriminalitet varierer noe for ulike lovbruddstyper. Andelen gjerningspersoner øker for de fire største lovbruddstypene (vinnings-, volds-, narkotika- og trafikkriminalitet) i løpet av de første årene etter innvilget opphold, før trenden snur etter fem år for trafikk- og vinningskriminalitet og etter ni år for narkotika- og voldskriminalitet. Som tidligere forklares en betydelig del av nedgangen i andelen gjerningspersoner med økt botid av sammensetningseffekter, hvor særlig alder og – for noen typer kriminalitet – utdanning og inntekt er viktige forklaringsfaktorer

• Andersen, Synøve Nygaard & Telle, Kjetil Elias (2016). Electronic monitoring and recidivism: Quasi-experimental evidence from Norway. Statistisk sentralbyrå (SSB). Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The replacement of custodial with non-custodial sanctions holds the potential to reduce recidivism as well as other costs associated with imprisonment. However, the causal impacts on recidivism of non-custodial sanctions in general, and electronic monitoring (EM) programs in particular, remain unclear. We estimate the effect of EM on recidivism by exploiting an EM program that was gradually introduced in Norwegian counties from 2008, using difference-in-differences and instrumental variable designs. Results show that introducing EM reduced 2-year recidivism rates by about 10 percent, which corresponds to about 19 percent for those actually serving on EM. We find no effects on recidivism intensity or severity. Subsample analyses show that the effect estimates are strongest among offenders without previous imprisonment or recent unemployment spells, and although between-groups differences are statistically non-significant, this suggest that avoiding prison stigma and maintaining workplace relations can be important to reduce recidivism and promote desistance. The reliability of our results is somewhat challenged by unstable pre-implementation trends and signs that more people are convicted to EM-qualifying sentences when EM is introduced.

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