Knut G. Nustad

• Nustad, Knut G; Brown, Duncan & Swanson, Heather Anne (2025). Bodies in Landscapes: Entanglements of trout and waters in South Africa. Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space. ISSN 2514-8486. doi: 10.1177/25148486251365166. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  In post-apartheid South Africa, landscape morphologies give clues to how scholars can read landscapes as historically layered, ongoing more-than-human projects. This article explores how starting with the forms of rivers and the bodies of trout can further enrich ongoing conversations in the environmental humanities and social sciences about the structures of multispecies assemblages. Trout, a fish in South Africa with roots in British colonialism, have earth-forming effects because rivers and stillwaters with trout in them, and the landscapes they flow through, are managed differently from rivers and stillwaters without trout. Yet these same rivers also come to remake trout, as white South Africans cultivate fish bodies to fit their landscape ideals. Trout, however, are not fully mutable, as they carry other landscape histories in their bodies. The trout at the heart of this paper were introduced from North-Western America, and their bodies are indelibly shaped by histories of geology, glaciation, and management in that region. As white South African fly fishermen work to make what they see as beautiful local trout, they raise crucial questions about which fish are considered a good “fit” for South African rivers and who gets to decide. Through this case, we probe how fish morphologies and landscape morphologies exist in complex, interdependent and interactive ways that offer new insights into ongoing conversations about wilderness, nature, belonging, colonial relations, as well as dispossession and the racialisation of landscapes. Examining these topics through attention to the relations of fish and water bodies, we explore how landscapes are always at the intersection of colonial histories and multispecies relations.

• Nustad, Knut G (2024). Property relations beyond the human? Trout, enclosures, and land in South Africa. Social Analysis: The International Journal of Anthropology. ISSN 0155-977X. 68(2), s. 82–98. doi: 10.3167/sa.2024.680205. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut G; Brown, Duncan & Swanson, Heather Anne (2023). Hatching Conflicts: Trout Reproduction, Properties of Water, and Property Ownership in South Africa. Ethnos. ISSN 0014-1844. s. 1–20. doi: 10.1080/00141844.2023.2221832. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Trout were introduced to South Africa in the late nineteenth century with colonial fanfare, but since the 1990s, post-apartheid legislation has declared trout alien and sought to reduce their numbers. Both the initial introduction of trout and contemporary debates are entangled with ‘properties’, in the dual sense of land claims and biophysical traits of fish and waters. Trout introductions were part of colonial enclosures; now, attempts to control them are seen by many white owners as a state attempt to undermine private property. Trout become a site for conflict because they struggle to spawn in South African waters and are largely dependent on hatchery reproduction, which makes them available for legislative acts that can eliminate owners’ ability to maintain private stocks. Attention to links between these dual meanings of property illustrates how contestations over land-waters in contemporary South Africa are shaped by the ongoing effects of more-than-human colonial projects.

• Nustad, Knut Gunnar & Swanson, Heather Anne (2021). Political ecology and the Foucault effect: A need to diversify disciplinary approaches to ecological management? Environment & Planning. D, Society and Space. ISSN 0263-7758. 5(2), s. 924–946. doi: 10.1177/25148486211015044. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  While explicitly Foucauldian analyses have declined in recent years in the social sciences, Foucault’s ideas continue to strongly influence scholars’ approaches to power, governance and the state. In this article, we explore how Foucauldian concepts shape the work of political ecologists and social scientists working on environmental management, multispecies ethnography and the Anthropocene – often in an unrecognized way. We argue that – regardless of whether or not Foucault’s work is explicitly cited – his legacy of linking scientific projects, population management and state control continues to have an outsized impact on thinking in these fields. It is time, we assert, to directly consider how such theoretical inheritances are affecting the shape of political ecology, in particular, and the social sciences, more generally. How, we ask, are Foucauldian traditions at once enabling and constraining more-than-human scholarship? In this article, we explore the contributions and limitations of Foucauldian approaches in environmental contexts through empirical attention to trout introduction and management efforts in South Africa. Our overall aim is to call for a deeper conversation about how scholars working on environmental topics engage the science-governance nexus. The article ends with proposing landscape, as a material enactment of more-than-human politics, as a useful analytical category to this end.

• Nustad, Knut Gunnar (2020). Notes on the political ecology of time: Temporal aspects of nature and conservation in a South African World Heritage Site. Geoforum. ISSN 0016-7185. 111, s. 94–104. doi: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2020.03.002. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut Gunnar (2020). From Wildlife to Natural Resources, and Back Again? Translating Natures in the iSimangaliso Wetland Park. Ethnos. ISSN 0014-1844. 85(1), s. 17–32. doi: 10.1080/00141844.2018.1535514. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut Gunnar (2019). Traces of Pasts and Imaginings of Futures in St Lucia, South Africa. I Harvey, Penny; Krohn-Hansen, Christian & Nustad, Knut Gunnar (Red.), Anthropos and the Material. Duke University Press. ISSN 9781478002864. s. 161–177. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Krohn-Hansen, Christian; Nustad, Knut Gunnar; Harvey, Penelope & Harvey, Penelope (2019). Introduction . 1. I Harvey, Penny; Krohn-Hansen, Christian & Nustad, Knut Gunnar (Red.), Anthropos and the Material. Duke University Press. ISSN 9781478002864. s. 1–32. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut Gunnar (2018). Trout, Colonialism,and Capitalism in South Africa. I Swanson, Heather Anne; Lien, Marianne Elisabeth & Ween, Gro Birgit (Red.), Domestication Gone Wild: Politics and practices of multispecies relations.. Duke University Press. ISSN 9780822371267. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The domestication of plants and animals is central to the familiar and now outdated story of civilization's emergence. Intertwined with colonialism and imperial expansion, the domestication narrative has informed and justified dominant and often destructive practices. Contending that domestication retains considerable value as an analytical tool, the contributors to Domestication Gone Wild reengage the concept by highlighting sites and forms of domestication occurring in unexpected and marginal sites, from Norwegian fjords and Philippine villages to British falconry cages and South African colonial townships. Challenging idioms of animal husbandry as human mastery and progress, the contributors push beyond the boundaries of farms, fences, and cages to explore how situated relations with animals and plants are linked to the politics of human difference—and, conversely, how politics are intertwined with plant and animal life. Ultimately, this volume promotes a novel, decolonizing concept of domestication that radically revises its Euro- and anthropocentric narrative.

• Ween, Gro Birgit; Lien, Marianne Elisabeth & Nustad, Knut Gunnar (2013). Om å "forholde seg til" ANTropologi og andre tekster. Norsk antropologisk tidsskrift. ISSN 0802-7285. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut Gunnar (2013). 'Property' and 'rights' in a South African land claim case. I Derman, William; Hellum, Anne & Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (Red.), Worlds of Human Rights. The Ambiguities of Rights Claiming in Africa. De Gruyter Brill. ISSN 9789004246478. s. 83–100. doi: 10.1163/9789004250130_005. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut Gunnar & Sundnes, Frode (2013). The nature of the land: the Dukuduku forest and the Mfolozi flats, KwaZulu-Natal. The Journal of Modern African Studies. ISSN 0022-278X. 51(3), s. 487–506. doi: 10.1017/S0022278X13000396. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Green-grabbing has recently been suggested as a label for describing processes of dispossessions undertaken in the name of conservation in sub-Saharan Africa. For the case examined here, the Dukuduku forest and the Mfolozi flats in northern KwaZulu-Natal, we will argue that the label obscures more than it helps illuminate the complex processes leading up to the present-day struggle over land rights. The land in question has been subjected to a number of different land uses in the past: hunting, conservation, commercial agriculture and small-scale agriculture. We show how contestation over desirable future land use options lies at the heart of the problems raised by an ongoing land claim to the forest.

• Lien, Marianne Elisabeth; Ween, Gro Birgit & Nustad, Knut Gunnar (2013). Om å 'Forholde seg til' ANTropologi og andre tekster. Norsk antropologisk tidsskrift. ISSN 0802-7285. 24(3-4), s. 272–274. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut Gunnar (2012). Natur, representasjon og performativitet i St Lucia, Sør-Afrika. Norsk antropologisk tidsskrift. ISSN 0802-7285. 23(2-3), s. 249–260. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Lien, Marianne Elisabeth; Nustad, Knut Gunnar & Ween, Gro Birgit (2012). Introduksjon. ANTropologiens grenseflater. Norsk antropologisk tidsskrift. ISSN 0802-7285. 23(3-4), s. 214–224. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut (2011). Property, rights and community in a South African land-claim case. Anthropology Today. ISSN 0268-540X. 27(1), s. 20–24. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8322.2011.00784.x. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut (2011). Performing natures and land in the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, South Africa. Ethnos. ISSN 0014-1844. 76(1), s. 88–108. doi: 10.1080/00141844.2010.546866. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut (2011). Revisiting post-development from an environment-development perspective. I Kjosavik, Darley Jose & Vedeld, Pål Olav (Red.), The Political Economy of Environment and Development in a Globalised World - Exploring the Frontiers. Tapir Akademisk Forlag. ISSN 9788251927864. s. 153–174. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut (2011). Land, eiendom og samfunn i Dukuduku, Sør-Afrika. Norsk antropologisk tidsskrift. ISSN 0802-7285. 22(3-4), s. 235–244. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Harvey, Richard A.; Mitchell, Hugh D.C.; Stenman, Ulf-Håkan; Blankenstein, Marinus A.; Nustad, Knut & Stieber, Petra [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2010). Differences in Total Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Immunoassay Analytical Specificity and Ability to Measure Human Chorionic Gonadotropin in Gestational Trophoblastic Disease and Germ Cell Tumors. Journal of reproductive medicine. ISSN 0024-7758. 55(7-8), s. 285–295. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Holen, Halvor; Nustad, Knut Gunnar & Åsheim, Hans Christian (2010). Activation of EphA receptors on CD4(+)CD45RO(+) memory cells stimulates migration. Journal of Leukocyte Biology. ISSN 0741-5400. 87(6), s. 1059–1068. doi: 10.1189/jlb.0709497. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut G (2007). Development: the devil we know? Exploring Post-development: theory and practice, problems and perspectives. Routledge. s. 35–46. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut G (2007). ´Nasjonale interesser´fra et antropologisk ståsted. Internasjonal Politikk. ISSN 0020-577X. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut G (2006). Foreign aid and the ideas of development, Poverty, politics and development: interdisciplinary perspectives. Fagbokforlaget. s. 205–249. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut G (2006). Den norske staten og verden bilder og speilbilder. Norsk antropologisk tidsskrift. ISSN 0802-7285. 17(03.apr), s. 233–242. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Krohn-Hansen, Christian & Nustad, Knut G (2005). Introduction: theoretical approaches, State Formation: Anthropological Perspectives. Pluto Press. s. 3–26. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut G (2005). State Formation through Development in Post-apartheid South-Africa, State Formation: Anthropological Perspectives. Pluto Press. s. 79–95. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut G (2005). Perceptions of politics: a South African case. Cadernos de Estudos Africanos. ISSN 1645-3794. 05.jun, s. 175–189. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut Gunnar (2004). Kultur og samfunnsforhold. I Rylander, Kristina (Red.), Att studera Afrika: Vägar till källorna. Nordiska Afrikainstitutet. s. 119–131. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut G. (2004). Faglighet og ideologi i bistanden. Kirke og kultur. ISSN 0023-186X. 109(4), s. 488–499. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

Se alle arbeider i NVA

• Harvey, Penny; Krohn-Hansen, Christian & Nustad, Knut Gunnar (2019). Anthropos and the Material. Duke University Press. ISBN 9781478002864. 261 s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut (2015). Creating Africas: struggles over nature, conservation and land. Hurst Publishers. ISBN 9781849042581. 192 s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Krohn-Hansen, Christian & Nustad, Knut G (2005). State Formation: Anthropological Perspectives. Pluto Press. ISBN 9780745324418. 263 s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

Se alle arbeider i NVA

• Nustad, Knut G (2025). Global Trout: Colonial legacies, property claims and properties of fish and water. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut G (2025). Global Trout: Living with the ongoing effects of more-than-human colonial projects. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The colonial introduction of rainbow and brown trout has created many biosocial dilemmas. The lecture explores how anthropology can use this example to study “global environmental change”. Natural scientists and environmental policy-makers routinely use this term to highlight the fact that we are not dealing with a series of discrete ecological problems, but with deeply interconnected issues. But as anthropologists have been quick to point out, “global” environmental problems are not the same all over the world: thinking in terms of universal problems often homogenises profound differences. How can we hold on to the particularity of detailed location-based research—a central commitment of anthropology—while also attending to patterns of linked environmental damage across wide areas? The project Global Trout is a case in point. It is a research project addressing these questions by integrating analytical perspectives from political economy, world-systems scholarship, the natural sciences and colonial studies with those that draw attention to concrete interactions between species, such as multispecies ethnography.

• Nustad, Knut G & Swanson, Heather Anne (2024). Moving Trout, Moved by Trout. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut G (2024). Å bygge broer i tverrfaglig samarbeid. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut G (2024). Global trout and Interdisciplinarity. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Dewan, Camelia & Nustad, Knut G (2023). ‘Fluid Dispossessions’: Contested Waters in Capitalist Natures. Ethnos. ISSN 0014-1844. doi: 10.1080/00141844.2023.2214340. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This special issue on ‘“Fluid Dispossessions’: Contested Waters in Capitalist Natures” examines the multiple and mutable relationships between water, dispossession and property. We use ‘fluid dispossessions’ as an analytical prompt to examine the different ways in which water’s biophysical properties, its material fluidity and movements (and the more-than-human species that move with it), shape processes of capitalist extraction, accumulation and dispossession. Fluid dispossessions go beyond the power politics of controlling water as a resource to include indirect and more-than-economic forms of dispossession. By analysing emic understandings of dispossession, we draw on ‘fluid dispossessions’ to reject binary categorisations of liquid:solid in order to reveal the diversity of ways capitalist extractive activities may disrupt existing affective, ecological, or spiritual relations with water. This can cause more-than-economic forms of dispossession such as the loss of social reproduction, emotional distress, loss of health, the rupturing of multispecies relations and local care practices of waterscapes.

• Nustad, Knut G; Brown, Duncan & Swanson, Heather Anne (2023). Reading landscapes from fish bodies: The “fitness” of South African trout, presented at Multispecies Landscapes: A Workshop, Gran June 2023. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut G & Swanson, Heather Anne (2023). "Global trout: living with the ongoing effects of more-than human colonial projects. SAI Department Seminar. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut G (2022). Global Trout: ecological globalisation, colonial legacies, and properties of water. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  What can trout tell us about living with colonial legacies, human-induced environmental change, and Anthropocene landscapes? In this talk I will present the Global Trout project, a collaborative and interdisciplinary project that draws on anthropology, biology, and the humanities to study legacies of colonial trout introductions in Japan, Argentina, New Zealand, and South Africa. The South Africa part of the project uses trout histories to intervene in debates about domestication/wildness, conservation/aliens, science/coloniality and properties/property. I will present some thoughts on the last of these themes: The physical characteristics of water initially sparked alliances between settlers and the colonial state to promote the introduction of trout, but since the 1990s, have amplified conflicts over trout management between white landowners and the post-Apartheid government. Where most introduced species are difficult to control, trout can be nearly eliminated by legislative efforts, due to the specificities of the region’s waters, which limit trout spawning and make them dependent on hatchery reproduction. Environmental legislation declares trout as alien and invasive and seeks to reduce their numbers. Trout advocates interpret restrictions on hatcheries as an attempt to control and nationalize privately-owned waters through environmental legislation. I will argue that paying attention to water properties that affect trout spawning can shed new light on contemporary property debates in South Africa.

• Nustad, Knut G (2022). Global trout. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut G (2022). 'Trout and the future of colonial river landscapes in South Africa: Contemporary debates' for the panel: Mending Waterscapes: Restoring River Landscapes. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut G; Brown, Duncan & Swanson, Heather Anne (2022). How fish bodies make South African earth forms. Paper for the roundtable Earthforms: Round Table on Landscape Morphology, Memory and Loss. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut Gunnar (2022). Den globale ørreten: en fiskehistorie. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Britene var ikke bare opptatt av å reise til Norge for å fiske laks. I løpet at et par tiår fra midten av 1860 tallet introduserte de ørreten til alle hjørner av det britiske imperiet. Et forskningsprosjekt på Universitetet i Oslo samler biologer og samfunnsvitere for å studere denne fascinerende historien.

• Nustad, Knut Gunnar (2022). Ørreten splitter samfunn: Britiske koloniherrer satt ut regnbueørret mange steder i verden. Det endret miljøet i vassdragene og mange lokalsamfunn er preget, forteller forsker. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut Gunnar (2022). Colonial trout between enclosures and expropriation, for the panel 'Future Commons of the Anthropocene'. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut Gunnar (2022). Colonial trout between enclosures and expropriation. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut G (2021). Book seminar and discussion: Truth about Nature by Bram Büscher. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut G (2021). Book launch for Misreading the Bengal Delta: Climate Change, Development, and Livelihoods in Coastal Bangladesh, Camelia Dewan. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut G (2021). Global Trout: ecological globalisation and colonial legacies. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khumalo, Lindokuhle Brian & Nustad, Knut G (2021). Dispossessed custodians? Tenure regimes and power relations in the Biodiversity Stewardship Programme of South Africa. Paper for the panel: State formation and identity in conservation: exploring the relation (Nustad and Lien). Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Dewan, Camelia & Nustad, Knut Gunnar (2020). Contested Waters and Fluid Properties in Capitalist Natures. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut Gunnar; Lien, Marianne Elisabeth; Flikke, Rune & Münster, Ursula (2019). Project opening and film screening: an aquatic antropocene? The domestication of fish and rivers. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut Gunnar & Swanson, Heather Ann (2016). Trout Biopolitics: Living in the ruins of colonial fish introductions. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut Gunnar; Flikke, Rune & Berg, Cato (2016). Trout, temporalities and capitalism in the Aurland Valley, Western Norway. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut (2015). Creating land as investable and as nature. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut (2014). Exploring conservation and its critique in St Lucia, South Africa. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut (2014). ‘Traces of pasts and imaginations of futures in St Lucia, South Africa’. Paper for the workshop Engaging the Material: Challenges to Anthropology, Oslo November 2014. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut (2014). Wilderness trough domestication: Trout, colonialism, and capitalism in South Africa:. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut (2014). The Political Economy of NGOs: State Formation in Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. Critique of Anthropology. ISSN 0308-275X. 32(2). Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut Gunnar (2013). Bokanmeldelse: Ørnulf Gulbrandsen - The state and the social: state formation in Botswana and its precolonial and colonial genealogies. Norsk antropologisk tidsskrift. ISSN 0802-7285. 24(2). Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut Gunnar (2013). Beyond purifications: exploring conservation and its critique. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut Gunnar (2012). Comments: developmentality and the ethnography of aid partnership. AAA San Francisco 2012. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut Gunnar; Berg, Cato & Flikke, Rune (2012). Human-fish temporalities in Aurland, Norway. Paper presented at American Anthropological Association, San Francisco 2012. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut Gunnar (2012). ‘Beyond purifications: exploring conservation and its critique’. Paper presented at EASA, Nanterres, July 2012. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut Gunnar (2012). Beyond purifications: exploring conservation and its critique. Paper presented at the conference Old Land, New Practices, Grahamstown, South Africa, September 2012. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut Gunnar (2012). Nature, Values & Dumont. Paper presented at CUBI workshop: Environment and Values, Holmen, June 2012. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut Gunnar & Sundnes, Frode (2011). Conservation and land claims in St. Lucia, South Africa. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut Gunnar (2011). Traces of landscapes past: Conservation and Land claims in St Lucia, South Africa. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut Gunnar (2011). Creating Africas: Struggles over nature, conservation and land. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut Gunnar (2011). Land and nature in St Lucia. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut Gunnar (2011). Conservation nature and land claims in the Dukuduku forest, KZN. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut Gunnar (2011). Creating Africas: Struggles over nature, conservation and land. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut Gunnar; Flikke, Rune & Berg, Cato (2010). Imagining fish and rivers in Aurland, Norway. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut Gunnar (2010). Performing natures and land in the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, South Africa. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut Gunnar (2009). Performing nature in the iSimangaliso Wetland Park. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut Gunnar (2009). “They think birds are more important than people”: Conservation, land and natures in a South African World Heritage Site. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut G (2008). Urban politics at the intersection of street and state: the case of Durban. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut G (2008). Problematizing property relations in the Isimagaliso Wetland Park, South Africa. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut G (2008). Property rights, nature and conservation in the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, South Africa. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The paper examines different conceptions of nature, land and property in the iSimangaliso Wetland Park in the Natal province of South Africa. The area epitomizes the highly contested and complex issues involving land in post-apartheid South Africa. More than a thousand people were removed from the area between the 1950s and the 1980s. The rationale for the removals and the alternative use to which the land was to be put, ranged from commercial forestry, mining, national security to nature conservation. Today the area is promoted as a unique natural resort and a holiday destination, and comprises the affluent town of St Lucia, squatter settlements and people having been resettled in newly built villages. After being declared a Unesco World Heritage Site in December 1999, severe restrictions were imposed on settlement in the area. This heavily impacted on the legal processes of land restitution set in motion after the end of apartheid, with more than 80 per cent of the Park being under some form of claim. Moreover, many of the claims were settled through negotiations with traditional leaders on behalf of their community, hence departing from the individualized conception of land right and entitlement set down in the South African constitution. These different conceptions of the land ¿ as nature to conserve, as resources under traditional authorities and as individual entitlement ¿ will be examined as part of separate but intertwined historical discourses on land rights, nature and the environment in post-apartheid South Africa.

• Nustad, Knut G (2008). Fremtiden for norsk bistand. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut G (2008). Shack-land state formation - a South African case. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut G (2008). Appropriation of nature and land in the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, South Africa. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut G (2007). Nature, land, property rights and conservation in the Greater St Lucia Wetland Park, South Africa. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The paper examines different conceptions of nature, land and property in the Greater St Lucia Wetland Park in the Natal province of South Africa. The area epitomizes the highly contested and complex issues involving land in post-apartheid South Africa. More than a thousand people were removed from the area between the 1950s and the 1980s. The rationale for the removals and the alternative use to which the land was to be put, ranged from commercial forestry, mining, national security to nature conservation. Today the area is promoted as a unique natural resort and a holiday destination, and comprises the affluent town of St Lucia, squatter settlements and people having been resettled in newly built villages. After being declared a Unesco World Heritage Site in December 1999, severe restrictions were imposed on settlement in the area. This heavily impacted on the legal processes of land restitution set in motion after the end of apartheid, with more than 80 per cent of the Park being under some form of claim. Moreover, many of the claims were settled through negotiations with traditional leaders on behalf of their community, hence departing from the individualized conception of land right and entitlement set down in the South African constitution. These different conceptions of the land ? as nature to conserve, as resources under traditional authorities and as individual entitlement ? will be examined as part of separate but intertwined historical discourses on land rights, nature and the environment in post-apartheid South Africa.

• Nustad, Knut G (2007). An anthropology of the State? A conversation with Knut Nustad and Finn Stepputat. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut G (2007). Produserer godt omdømme for Norge. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut G (2007). Vi redder verden - etter kaffen. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut G (2007). The state as form and as effect: a South African case. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut G (2006). What should be learned from the sucess and failures of of development research over the past 40 years? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut G (2006). People and the state in Durban's Cato Crest. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Anthropology has in the last decade begun to explore ways in which to study state formation ethnographically. Building on authors such as Trouillot?s and his adaptation of the Marxist notion of state-effects, this literature seek to examine state formation ethnographically through a focus on the effects produced by state-like bodies, rather than through a concern with nominal definitions of ?the state.? This paper will build on the theoretical foundations I developed in State formation: anthropological perspectives (Edited with C. Krohn Hansen, Pluto 2005) to examine the relationship between the residents in Durban?s Cato Manor and outside agents. It will put the new ethnographic approach to the nation state to the test by examining a set of relations between inhabitants in Cato Manor and external agents such as municipalities, apartheid bodies, private and public developers. The paper demonstrates that in all these historically divergent relations, a set of features appear and reappear, such as the external agent?s concern with imposing spatial control, with creating a legible population through numbering and other devises, with creating atomized individuals and new collective identities based on the social order the external agent seeks to impose. But the paper also demonstrates that for all these periods, there is a need for modifying the state-effect approach, because this approach conflates intentions with outcomes. In all the instances examined, the effects sought produced were sometimes countered, sometimes transformed, by the inhabitants own agendas and strategies.

• Nustad, Knut G (2005). Den norske staten i verden: bilder og speilbilder. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut G (2005). Hvis vi er Vesten, hva er da resten? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut G (2005). Civil society as reconfigured public in South Africa. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut G (2005). Thomas Hylland Eriksen og Finn Sivert Nielsen: til verdens ende og tilbake - antropologiens historie. Norsk antropologisk tidsskrift. ISSN 0802-7285. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut G (2005). Experiencing representation: leadership, politics and resources in a South African informal settlement. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut Gunnar (2004). Språk og makt i bistanden. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nustad, Knut Gunnar (2004). Keynote: New directions in development theory. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Sundnes, Frode; Nustad, Knut Gunnar; Benjaminsen, Tor A & Sjaastad, Espen Olav (2013). Claiming Land, Nature and History: Land Restitution and Nature Conservation at the Dukuduku Forest, South Africa. Universitetet for miljø- og biovitenskap. ISSN 9788257511289. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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