• Walhovd, Kristine B; Bråthen, Anne Cecilie Sjøli; Øverbye, Knut Eiliv Ødegård; Kransberg, Jonas Moe; Sørensen, Øystein & Garrido, Pablo F. [Vis alle 19 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Feature-specific environmental contributions to human cortical architecture revealed by twin brainprints. Communications Biology. doi: 10.1038/s42003-026-10707-w. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Abstract How environmental variation shapes the human cerebral cortex remains incompletely understood. Here we compare cortical brainprints – individual profiles of regional cortical morphology – in 210 twins (age 16-78 years) to distinguish prenatal, adult naturalistic and experimentally induced environmental variation from genetic contributions. Monozygotic twins showed higher brainprint similarity than dizygotic twins, consistent with genetic effects. Lasting influences of early environment were evident in lower brainprint similarity in monozygotic twin-pairs with greater birthweight discordances, driven by surface area across the cortical ribbon. In contrast, within-pair differences in adult weight and lifestyle had minimal influence. Still, a 10-week virtual-reality navigation intervention revealed training-induced changes in the gray-white interface, with curvature and area changes supported by microstructural reconfigurations. Relative brainprint similarity increased in monozygotic but diverged in dizygotic pairs following training. These findings show that distinct environmental influences acting at prenatal and adult stages are reflected in different features of the human cerebral cortex.

• Pedersen, Mads Lund; Mowinckel, Athanasia Monika; Ziegler, Sigurd; Fredriksen, Mats; Bjørnerud, Atle & Endestad, Tor [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Selective enhancement of cost sensitivity by methylphenidate in adult ADHD: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. ISSN 0033-2917. 56. doi: 10.1017/S0033291726104954. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with impairments in real-life decisions, many involving balancing costs and benefits. Increasing dopamine and norepinephrine with stimulant medication improves decision-making in ADHD. However, it is unclear whether stimulant medication affects sensitivity to costs and/or benefits or alters the speed-accuracy tradeoff. Here, we applied the drift diffusion model (DDM) to assess how the stimulant medication methylphenidate (MPH) affects subprocesses of cost-benefit decision-making in ADHD. Methods Sixty-one adult participants with ADHD and 63 healthy controls completed a cost-benefit decision-making task in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled design. ADHD participants were tested once on and once off MPH. Control participants performed the task in two sessions without medication. The task entailed deciding whether to accept or reject a stimulus based on learned cost and benefit value associations. The effect of ADHD and medication on subprocesses of decision-making was disentangled by estimating task performance with DDM parameters drift rate, starting point bias, and decision threshold, representing evidence accumulation, a priori accept/reject bias, and the speed-accuracy tradeoff, respectively. Primary analyses used a modified intention-to-treat sample, including participants with main-phase data from both sessions. Results The DDM analysis identified impaired evidence accumulation combined with premature responding in participants with ADHD, indicated by reduced sensitivity to costs and benefits and narrower decision thresholds. MPH altered the cost-benefit balance by improving sensitivity to costs. Lastly, lower cost sensitivity was associated with greater symptom severity and higher prescribed dosage in ADHD. Conclusions Methylphenidate alters cost-benefit decision-making in ADHD by increasing sensitivity to costs.

• Pineiro, Didac Vidal; Sørensen, Øystein; Strømstad, Marie Lorentsen; Amlien, Inge; Baaré, William & Bartrés-Faz, David [Vis alle 74 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). Vulnerability to memory decline in aging revealed by a mega-analysis of structural brain change. Nature Communications. 16(1). doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-66354-y. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Brain atrophy is a key factor behind episodic memory loss in aging, but the nature and ubiquity of this relationship remains poorly understood. This study leverages 13 longitudinal datasets, including 3737 cognitively healthy adults (10,343 MRI scans; 13,460 memory assessments), to determine whether brain change-memory change associations are more pronounced with age and genetic risk for Alzheimer’s Disease. Both factors are associated with accelerated brain decline, yet it remains unclear whethermemory loss is exacerbated beyond what atrophy alone would predict. Additionally, we assess whether memory decline aligns with a global pattern of atrophy or stems from distinct regional contributions. Our mega-analysis reveals a nonlinear relationship between memory decline and brain atrophy, primarily affecting individuals with above-average brain structural decline. The associations are stronger in the hippocampus but also spread across diverse cortical and subcortical regions. The associations strengthen with age, reachingmoderate associations in participants in their eighties. While APOE ε4 carriers exhibit steeper brain and memory loss, genetic risk has no effect on the change-change associations. These findings support the presence of common biological macrostructural substrates underlying memory function in older age which are vulnerable to multiple age-related factors, even in the absence of overt pathological changes.

• Fjell, Anders Martin; Røgeberg, Ole Jørgen; Sørensen, Øystein; Amlien, Inge; Bartrés-Faz, David & Brandmaier, Andreas M. [Vis alle 23 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). Reevaluating the role of education on cognitive decline and brain aging in longitudinal cohorts across 33 Western countries. Nature Medicine. ISSN 1078-8956. 31, s. 2967–2976. doi: 10.1038/s41591-025-03828-y. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Why education is linked to higher cognitive function in aging is fiercely debated. Leading theories propose that education reduces brain decline in aging and enhances tolerance to brain pathology or that it does not affect cognitive decline but, rather, reflects higher early-life cognitive function. To test these theories, we analyzed 407,356 episodic memory scores from 170,795 participants older than 50 years, alongside 15,157 brain magnetic resonance imaging scans from 6,472 participants across 33 Western countries. More education was associated with better memory, larger intracranial volume and slightly larger volume of memory-sensitive brain regions. However, education did not protect against age-related decline or weakened effects of brain decline on cognition. The most parsimonious explanation for the results is that the associations reflect factors present early in life, including propensity of individuals with certain traits to pursue more education. Although education has numerous benefits, the notion that it provides protection against cognitive or brain decline is not supported. In a large cross-national study, education was linked to better memory and larger brain volumes but not to slower cognitive or brain decline with age, suggesting that the association reflects early-life factors rather than neuroprotective effects in aging.

• Vidal-Piñeiro, Didac; Sørensen, Øystein; Strømstad, Marie Lorentsen; Amlien, Inge; Anderson, Micael & Baaré, William F.C. [Vis alle 25 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). Reliability of structural brain change in cognitively healthy adult samples. Imaging Neuroscience. 3, s. 1–25. doi: 10.1162/imag_a_00547. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  In neuroimaging research, tracking individuals over time is key to understanding the interplay between brain changes and genetic, environmental, or cognitive factors across the lifespan. Yet, the extent to which we can estimate the individual trajectories of brain change over time with precision remains uncertain. In this study, we estimated the reliability of structural brain change in cognitively healthy adults from multiple samples and assessed the influence of follow-up time and number of observations. Estimates of cross-sectional measurement error and brain change variance were obtained using the longitudinal FreeSurfer processing stream. Our findings showed, on average, modest longitudinal reliability with 2 years of follow-up. Increasing the follow-up time was associated with a substantial increase in longitudinal reliability, while the impact of increasing the number of observations was comparatively minor. On average, 2-year follow-up studies require ≈2.7 and ≈4.0 times more individuals than designs with follow-ups of 4 and 6 years to achieve comparable statistical power. Subcortical volume exhibited higher longitudinal reliability than cortical area, thickness, and volume. The reliability estimates were comparable with those estimated from empirical data. The reliability estimates were affected by both the cohort’s age where younger adults had lower reliability of change and the preprocessing pipeline where the FreeSurfer’s longitudinal stream was notably superior than the cross-sectional stream. Suboptimal reliability inflated sample size requirements and compromised the ability to distinguish individual trajectories of brain aging. This study underscores the importance of long-term follow-ups and the need to consider reliability in longitudinal neuroimaging research.

• Fjell, Anders Martin; Sneve, Markus Handal; Amlien, Inge; Grydeland, Håkon; Mowinckel, Athanasia Monika & Vidal-Piñeiro, Didac [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). Stable hippocampal correlates of high episodic memory function across adulthood. Scientific Reports. 15(1). doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-92278-0. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Walhovd, Kristine B; Krogsrud, Stine Kleppe; Amlien, Inge; Sørensen, Øystein; Wang, Yunpeng & Bråthen, Anne Cecilie Sjøli [Vis alle 14 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Fetal influence on the human brain through the lifespan. eLIFE. 12. doi: 10.7554/eLife.86812. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Roe, James Michael; Vidal-Piñeiro, Didac; Sørensen, Øystein; Grydeland, Håkon; Leonardsen, Esten Høyland & Iakunchykova, Olena [Vis alle 35 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Brain change trajectories in healthy adults correlate with Alzheimer’s related genetic variation and memory decline across life. Nature Communications. 15(1). doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-53548-z. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Throughout adulthood and ageing our brains undergo structural loss in an average pattern resembling faster atrophy in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Using a longitudinal adult lifespan sample (aged 30-89; 2–7 timepoints) and four polygenic scores for AD, we show that change in AD-sensitive brain features correlates with genetic AD-risk and memory decline in healthy adults. We first show genetic risk links with more brain loss than expected for age in early Braak regions, and find this extends beyond APOE genotype. Next, we run machine learning on AD-control data from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative using brain change trajectories conditioned on age, to identify AD-sensitive features and model their change in healthy adults. Genetic AD-risk linked with multivariate change across many AD-sensitive features, and we show most individuals over age ~50 are on an accelerated trajectory of brain loss in AD-sensitive regions. Finally, high genetic risk adults with elevated brain change showed more memory decline through adulthood, compared to high genetic risk adults with less brain change. Our findings suggest quantitative AD risk factors are detectable in healthy individuals, via a shared pattern of ageing- and AD-related neurodegeneration that occurs along a continuum and tracks memory decline through adulthood.

• Fjell, Anders Martin; Sørensen, Øystein; Wang, Yunpeng; Amlien, Inge; Baaré, William F. C. & Bartrés-Faz, David [Vis alle 24 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). No phenotypic or genotypic evidence for a link between sleep duration and brain atrophy. Nature Human Behaviour. 7, s. 2008–2022. doi: 10.1038/s41562-023-01707-5. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Abstract Short sleep is held to cause poorer brain health, but is short sleep associated with higher rates of brain structural decline? Analysing 8,153 longitudinal MRIs from 3,893 healthy adults, we found no evidence for an association between sleep duration and brain atrophy. In contrast, cross-sectional analyses (51,295 observations) showed inverse U-shaped relationships, where a duration of 6.5 (95% confidence interval, (5.7, 7.3)) hours was associated with the thickest cortex and largest volumes relative to intracranial volume. This fits converging evidence from research on mortality, health and cognition that points to roughly seven hours being associated with good health. Genome-wide association analyses suggested that genes associated with longer sleep for below-average sleepers were linked to shorter sleep for above-average sleepers. Mendelian randomization did not yield evidence for causal impacts of sleep on brain structure. The combined results challenge the notion that habitual short sleep causes brain atrophy, suggesting that normal brains promote adequate sleep duration—which is shorter than current recommendations.

• Raud, Liisa; Sneve, Markus Handal; Vidal-Piñeiro, Didac; Sørensen, Øystein; Folvik, Line & Ness, Hedda Tvedten [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Hippocampal-cortical functional connectivity during memory encoding and retrieval. NeuroImage. ISSN 1053-8119. 279. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120309. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Carver, Rebecca Bruu; Fredheim, Nanna Alida Grit; Mowinckel, Athanasia Monika; Ebmeier, Klaus P.; Friedman, Barbara Bodorkos & Rosness, Tor Atle [Vis alle 20 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). People's interest in brain health testing: Findings from an international, online cross-sectional survey. Frontiers in Public Health. 10, s. 1–19. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.998302. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Brain health entails mental wellbeing and cognitive health in the absence of brain disorders. The past decade has seen an explosion of tests, cognitive and biological, to predict various brain conditions, such as Alzheimer's Disease. In line with these current developments, we investigated people's willingness and reasons to—or not to—take a hypothetical brain health test to learn about risk of developing a brain disease, in a cross-sectional multilanguage online survey. The survey was part of the Global Brain Health Survey, open to the public from 4th June 2019 to 31st August 2020. Respondents were largely recruited via European brain councils and research organizations. 27,590 people responded aged 18 years or older and were predominantly women (71%), middle-aged or older (>40 years; 83%), and highly educated (69%). Responses were analyzed to explore the relationship between demographic variables and responses. Results: We found high public interest in brain health testing: over 91% would definitely or probably take a brain health test and 86% would do so even if it gave information about a disease that cannot be treated or prevented. The main reason for taking a test was the ability to respond if one was found to be at risk of brain disease, such as changing lifestyle, seeking counseling or starting treatment. Higher interest in brain health testing was found in men, respondents with lower education levels and those with poor self-reported cognitive health. Conclusion: High public interest in brain health and brain health testing in certain segments of society, coupled with an increase of commercial tests entering the market, is likely to put pressure on public health systems to inform the public about brain health testing in years to come.

• Binnewies, Julia; Nawijn, Laura; Brandmaier, Andreas M.; Baaré, William F.C.; Bartres-Faz, David & Drevon, Christian André [Vis alle 22 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Associations of depression and regional brain structure across the adult lifespan: Pooled analyses of six population-based and two clinical cohort studies in the European Lifebrain consortium. NeuroImage: Clinical. 36. doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103180. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bråthen, Anne Cecilie Sjøli; Sørensen, Øystein; Lange, Ann-Marie Glasø de; Mowinckel, Athanasia Monika; Fjell, Anders Martin & Walhovd, Kristine B (2022). Cognitive and hippocampal changes weeks and years after memory training. Scientific Reports. 12(1). doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-11636-4. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Walhovd, Kristine B; Nyberg, Lars; Lindenberger, Ulman; Amlien, Inge; Sørensen, Øystein & Wang, Yunpeng [Vis alle 20 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Brain aging differs with cognitive ability regardless of education. Scientific Reports. 12(1). doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-17727-6. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Vidal-Piñeiro, Didac; Sørensen, Øystein; Blennow, Kaj; Capogna, Elettra; Halaas, Nathalie Bodd & Idland, Ane-Victoria [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Relationship between cerebrospinal fluid neurodegeneration biomarkers and temporal brain atrophy in cognitively healthy older adults. Neurobiology of Aging. ISSN 0197-4580. 116, s. 80–91. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.04.010. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  It is unclear whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of neurodegeneration predict brain atrophy in cognitively healthy older adults, whether these associations can be explained by phosphorylated tau181 (p-tau) and the 42 amino acid form of amyloid-β (Aβ42) biomarkers, and which neural substrates may drive these associations. We addressed these questions in 2 samples of cognitively healthy older adults who underwent longitudinal structural MRI up to 7 years and had baseline CSF levels of heart-type fatty-acid binding protein (FABP3)=, total-tau, neurogranin, and neurofilament light (NFL) (n = 189, scans = 721). The results showed that NFL, total-tau, and FABP3 predicted entorhinal thinning and hippocampal atrophy. Brain atrophy was not moderated by Aβ42 and the associations between NFL and FABP3 with brain atrophy were independent of p-tau. The spatial pattern of cortical atrophy associated with the biomarkers overlapped with neurogenetic profiles associated with expression in the axonal (total-tau, NFL) and dendritic (neurogranin) components. CSF biomarkers of neurodegeneration are useful for predicting specific features of brain atrophy in older adults, independently of amyloid and tau pathology biomarkers.

• Solé-Padullés, Cristina; Macià, Dídac; Andersson, Micael; Stiernstedt, Mikael; Pudas, Sara & Düzel, Sandra [Vis alle 19 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). No Association Between Loneliness, Episodic Memory and Hippocampal Volume Change in Young and Healthy Older Adults: A Longitudinal European Multicenter Study. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. 14. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.795764. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Loneliness is most prevalent during adolescence and late life and has been associated with mental health disorders as well as with cognitive decline during aging. Associations between longitudinal measures of loneliness and verbal episodic memory and brain structure should thus be investigated. Methods We sought to determine associations between loneliness and verbal episodic memory as well as loneliness and hippocampal volume trajectories across three longitudinal cohorts within the Lifebrain Consortium, including children, adolescents ( N = 69, age range 10–15 at baseline examination) and older adults ( N = 1468 over 60). We also explored putative loneliness correlates of cortical thinning across the entire cortical mantle. Results Loneliness was associated with worsening of verbal episodic memory in one cohort of older adults. Specifically, reporting medium to high levels of loneliness over time was related to significantly increased memory loss at follow-up examinations. The significance of the loneliness-memory change association was lost when eight participants were excluded after having developed dementia in any of the subsequent follow-up assessments. No significant structural brain correlates of loneliness were found, neither hippocampal volume change nor cortical thinning. Conclusion In the present longitudinal European multicenter study, the association between loneliness and episodic memory was mainly driven by individuals exhibiting progressive cognitive decline, which reinforces previous findings associating loneliness with cognitive impairment and dementia.

• Ljøsne, Isabelle Sylvie Budin; Mowinckel, Athanasia Monika; Friedman, Barbara Bodorkos; Ebmeier, Klaus P; Drevon, Christian A & Carver, Rebecca Bruu [Vis alle 22 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Public perceptions of brain health: an international, online cross-sectional survey. BMJ Open. 12(4). doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057999. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objectives To investigate public perspectives on brain health. Design Cross-sectional multilanguage online survey. Setting Lifebrain posted the survey on its website and social media and shared it with stakeholders. The survey was open from 4 June 2019 to 31 August 2020. Participants n=27 590 aged ≥18 years from 81 countries in five continents completed the survey. The respondents were predominantly women (71%), middle aged (41–60 years; 37%) or above (>60 years; 46%), highly educated (69%) and resided in Europe (98%). Main outcome measures Respondents’ views were assessed regarding factors that may influence brain health, life periods considered important to look after the brain and diseases and disorders associated with the brain. We run exploratory linear models at a 99% level of significance to assess correlates of the outcome variables, adjusting for likely confounders in a targeted fashion. Results Of all significant effects, the respondents recognised the impact of lifestyle factors on brain health but had relatively less awareness of the role socioeconomic factors might play. Most respondents rated all life periods as important for the brain (95%–96%), although the prenatal period was ranked significantly lower (84%). Equally, women and highly educated respondents more often rated factors and life periods to be important for brain health. Ninety-nine per cent of respondents associated Alzheimer’s disease and dementia with the brain. The respondents made a connection between mental health and the brain, and mental disorders such as schizophrenia and depression were significantly more often considered to be associated with the brain than neurological disorders such as stroke and Parkinson’s disease. Few respondents (<32%) associated cancer, hypertension, diabetes and arthritis with the brain. Conclusions Differences in perceptions of brain health were noted among specific segments of the population. Policies providing information about brain-friendly health behaviours and targeting people less likely to have relevant experience may be needed.

• Vidal-Piñeiro, Didac; Wang, Yunpeng; Krogsrud, Stine Kleppe; Amlien, Inge; Baaré, William FC & Bartres-Faz, David [Vis alle 31 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Individual variations in ‘brain age’ relate to early-life factors more than to longitudinal brain change. eLIFE. 10. doi: 10.7554/eLife.69995. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Brain age is a widely used index for quantifying individuals’ brain health as deviation from a normative brain aging trajectory. Higher-than-expected brain age is thought partially to reflect above-average rate of brain aging. Here, we explicitly tested this assumption in two independent large test datasets (UK Biobank [main] and Lifebrain [replication]; longitudinal observations ≈ 2750 and 4200) by assessing the relationship between cross-sectional and longitudinal estimates of brain age. Brain age models were estimated in two different training datasets (n ≈ 38,000 [main] and 1800 individuals [replication]) based on brain structural features. The results showed no association between cross-sectional brain age and the rate of brain change measured longitudinally. Rather, brain age in adulthood was associated with the congenital factors of birth weight and polygenic scores of brain age, assumed to reflect a constant, lifelong influence on brain structure from early life. The results call for nuanced interpretations of cross-sectional indices of the aging brain and question their validity as markers of ongoing within-person changes of the aging brain. Longitudinal imaging data should be preferred whenever the goal is to understand individual change trajectories of brain and cognition in aging.

• Roe, James Michael; Vidal-Piñeiro, Didac; Sørensen, Øystein; Brandmaier, Andreas M.; Düzel, Sandra & Gonzalez, Hector A. [Vis alle 18 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Asymmetric thinning of the cerebral cortex across the adult lifespan is accelerated in Alzheimer’s disease. Nature Communications. 12:721, s. 1–11. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-21057-y. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Abstract Aging and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are associated with progressive brain disorganization. Although structural asymmetry is an organizing feature of the cerebral cortex it is unknown whether continuous age- and AD-related cortical degradation alters cortical asymmetry. Here, in multiple longitudinal adult lifespan cohorts we show that higher-order cortical regions exhibiting pronounced asymmetry at age ~20 also show progressive asymmetry-loss across the adult lifespan. Hence, accelerated thinning of the (previously) thicker homotopic hemisphere is a feature of aging. This organizational principle showed high consistency across cohorts in the Lifebrain consortium, and both the topological patterns and temporal dynamics of asymmetry-loss were markedly similar across replicating samples. Asymmetry-change was further accelerated in AD. Results suggest a system-wide dedifferentiation of the adaptive asymmetric organization of heteromodal cortex in aging and AD.

• Fjell, Anders Martin; Grydeland, Håkon; Wang, Yunpeng; Amlien, Inge; Bartrés-Faz, David & Brandmaier, Andreas M. [Vis alle 24 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). The genetic organization of longitudinal subcortical volumetric change is stable throughout the lifespan running title: Genetics of subcortical lifespan change. eLIFE. 10, s. 1–22. doi: 10.7554/eLife.66466. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Development and aging of the cerebral cortex show similar topographic organization and are governed by the same genes. It is unclear whether the same is true for subcortical regions, which follow fundamentally different ontogenetic and phylogenetic principles. We tested the hypothesis that genetically governed neurodevelopmental processes can be traced throughout life by assessing to which degree brain regions that develop together continue to change together through life. Analyzing over 6000 longitudinal MRIs of the brain, we used graph theory to identify five clusters of coordinated development, indexed as patterns of correlated volumetric change in brain structures. The clusters tended to follow placement along the cranial axis in embryonic brain development, suggesting continuity from prenatal stages, and correlated with cognition. Across independent longitudinal datasets, we demonstrated that developmental clusters were conserved through life. Twin-based genetic correlations revealed distinct sets of genes governing change in each cluster. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms-based analyses of 38,127 cross-sectional MRIs showed a similar pattern of genetic volume–volume correlations. In conclusion, coordination of subcortical change adheres to fundamental principles of lifespan continuity and genetic organization.

• Krogsrud, Stine Kleppe; Mowinckel, Athanasia Monika; Sederevicius, Donatas; Vidal-Piñeiro, Didac; Amlien, Inge Kasbohm & Wang, Yunpeng [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Relationships between apparent cortical thickness and working memory across the lifespan - Effects of genetics and socioeconomic status. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience. ISSN 1878-9293. 51, s. 1–11. doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.100997. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Sørensen, Øystein; Brandmaier, Andreas M.; Macià, Dídac; Ebmeier, Klaus; Ghisletta, Paolo & Kievit, Rogier A. [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Meta-analysis of generalized additive models in neuroimaging studies. NeuroImage. ISSN 1053-8119. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117416. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Analyzing data from multiple neuroimaging studies has great potential in terms of increasing statistical power, enabling detection of effects of smaller magnitude than would be possible when analyzing each study separately and also allowing to systematically investigate between-study differences. Restrictions due to privacy or proprietary data as well as more practical concerns can make it hard to share neuroimaging datasets, such that analyzing all data in a common location might be impractical or impossible. Meta-analytic methods provide a way to overcome this issue, by combining aggregated quantities like model parameters or risk ratios. Most meta-analytic tools focus on parametric statistical models, and methods for meta-analyzing semi-parametric models like generalized additive models have not been well developed. Parametric models are often not appropriate in neuroimaging, where for instance age-brain relationships may take forms that are difficult to accurately describe using such models. In this paper we introduce meta-GAM, a method for meta-analysis of generalized additive models which does not require individual participant data, and hence is suitable for increasing statistical power while upholding privacy and other regulatory concerns. We extend previous works by enabling the analysis of multiple model terms as well as multivariate smooth functions. In addition, we show how meta-analytic p-values can be computed for smooth terms. The proposed methods are shown to perform well in simulation experiments, and are demonstrated in a real data analysis on hippocampal volume and self-reported sleep quality data from the Lifebrain consortium. We argue that application of meta-GAM is especially beneficial in lifespan neuroscience and imaging genetics. The methods are implemented in an accompanying R package metagam, which is also demonstrated.

• Walhovd, Kristine Beate; Fjell, Anders Martin; Wang, Yunpeng; Amlien, Inge; Mowinckel, Athanasia Monika & Lindenberger, Ulman [Vis alle 29 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Education and income show heterogeneous relationships to lifespan brain and cognitive differences across European and US cohorts. Cerebral Cortex. ISSN 1047-3211. 32(4), s. 839–854. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhab248. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Abstract Higher socio-economic status (SES) has been proposed to have facilitating and protective effects on brain and cognition. We ask whether relationships between SES, brain volumes and cognitive ability differ across cohorts, by age and national origin. European and US cohorts covering the lifespan were studied (4–97 years, N = 500 000; 54 000 w/brain imaging). There was substantial heterogeneity across cohorts for all associations. Education was positively related to intracranial (ICV) and total gray matter (GM) volume. Income was related to ICV, but not GM. We did not observe reliable differences in associations as a function of age. SES was more strongly related to brain and cognition in US than European cohorts. Sample representativity varies, and this study cannot identify mechanisms underlying differences in associations across cohorts. Differences in neuroanatomical volumes partially explained SES–cognition relationships. SES was more strongly related to ICV than to GM, implying that SES–cognition relations in adulthood are less likely grounded in neuroprotective effects on GM volume in aging. The relatively stronger SES–ICV associations rather are compatible with SES–brain volume relationships being established early in life, as ICV stabilizes in childhood. The findings underscore that SES has no uniform association with, or impact on, brain and cognition.

• Ljøsne, Isabelle Sylvie Budin; Friedman, Barbara Bodorkos; Suri, Sana; Solé-Padullés, Cristina; Düzel, Sandra & Drevon, Christian André [Vis alle 24 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). The Global Brain Health Survey: Development of a Multi-Language Survey of Public Views on Brain Health. Frontiers in Public Health. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00387. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Walhovd, Kristine B; Fjell, Anders Martin; Sørensen, Øystein; Mowinckel, Athanasia Monika; Reinbold, Céline Sonja & Idland, Ane-Victoria [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Genetic risk for Alzheimer disease predicts hippocampal volume through the human lifespan. Neurology: Genetics. 6(5). doi: 10.1212/NXG.0000000000000506. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objective To test the hypothesis that genetic risk for Alzheimer disease (AD) may represent a stable influence on the brain from early in life, rather than being primarily age dependent, we investigated in a lifespan sample of 1,181 persons with a total of 2,690 brain scans, whether higher polygenic risk score (PGS) for AD and presence of APOE ε4 was associated with lower hippocampal volumes to begin with, as an offset effect, or possibly faster decline in older age. Methods Using general additive mixed models, we assessed the relations of PGS for AD, including variants in APOE with hippocampal volume and its change in a cognitively healthy longitudinal lifespan sample (age range: 4–95 years, mean visit age 39.7 years, SD 26.9 years), followed for up to 11 years. Results AD-PGS and APOE ε4 in isolation showed a significant negative effect on hippocampal volume. The effect of a 1 sample SD increase in AD-PGS on hippocampal volume was estimated to –36.4 mm 3 (confidence interval [CI]: –71.8, –1.04) and the effect of carrying ε4 allele(s) –107.0 mm 3 (CI: –182.0, –31.5). Offset effects of AD-PGS and APOE ε4 were present in hippocampal development, and interactions between age and genetic risk on volume change were not consistently observed. Conclusions Endophenotypic manifestation of polygenic risk for AD may be seen across the lifespan in cognitively healthy persons, not being confined to clinical populations or older age. This emphasizes that a broader population and age range may be relevant targets for attempts to prevent AD.

• Ljøsne, Isabelle Sylvie Budin; Friedman, Barbara Bodorkos; Suri, Sana; Solé-Padullés, Cristina; Düzel, Sandra & Drevon, Christian A [Vis alle 24 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). The global brain health survey: Development of a multi-language survey of public views on brain health. Frontiers in Public Health. 8:387, s. 1–13. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00387. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Brain health is a multi-faceted concept used to describe brain physiology, cognitive function, mental health and well-being. Diseases of the brain account for one third of the global burden of disease and are becoming more prevalent as populations age. Diet, social interaction as well as physical and cognitive activity are lifestyle factors that can potentially influence facets of brain health. Yet, there is limited knowledge about the population's awareness of brain health and willingness to change lifestyle to maintain a healthy brain. This paper introduces the Global Brain Health Survey protocol, designed to assess people's perceptions of brain health and factors influencing brain health. Methods: The Global Brain Health Survey is an anonymous online questionnaire available in 14 languages to anyone above the age of 18 years. Questions focus on (1) willingness and motivation to maintain or improve brain health, (2) interest in learning more about individual brain health using standardized tests, and (3) interest in receiving individualized support to take care of own brain health. The survey questions were developed based on results from a qualitative interview study investigating brain health perceptions among participants in brain research studies. The survey includes 28 questions and takes 15–20 min to complete. Participants provide electronically informed consent prior to participation. The current survey wave was launched on June 4, 2019 and will close on August 31, 2020. We will provide descriptive statistics of samples distributions including analyses of differences as a function of age, gender, education, country of residence, and we will examine associations between items. The European Union funded Lifebrain project leads the survey in collaboration with national brain councils in Norway, Germany, and Belgium, Brain Foundations in the Netherlands and Sweden, the National University of Ostroh Academy and the Women's Brain Project. Discussion: Results from this survey will provide new insights in peoples' views on brain health, in particular, the extent to which the adoption of positive behaviors can be encouraged. The results will contribute to the development of policy recommendations for supporting population brain health, including measures tailored to individual needs, knowledge, motivations and life situations.

• Fjell, Anders Martin; Sørensen, Øystein; Amlien, Inge Kasbohm; Bartrés-Faz, David; Brandmaier, Andreas M. & Buchmann, Nikolaus [Vis alle 32 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Poor Self-Reported Sleep is Related to Regional Cortical Thinning in Aging but not Memory Decline-Results From the Lifebrain Consortium. Cerebral Cortex. ISSN 1047-3211. s. 1–17. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa332. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  We examined whether sleep quality and quantity are associated with cortical and memory changes in cognitively healthy participants across the adult lifespan. Associations between self-reported sleep parameters (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI) and longitudinal cortical change were tested using five samples from the Lifebrain consortium (n = 2205, 4363 MRIs, 18–92 years). In additional analyses, we tested coherence with cell-specific gene expression maps from the Allen Human Brain Atlas, and relations to changes in memory performance. “PSQI # 1 Subjective sleep quality” and “PSQI #5 Sleep disturbances” were related to thinning of the right lateral temporal cortex, with lower quality and more disturbances being associated with faster thinning. The association with “PSQI #5 Sleep disturbances” emerged after 60 years, especially in regions with high expression of genes related to oligodendrocytes and S1 pyramidal neurons. None of the sleep scales were related to a longitudinal change in episodic memory function, suggesting that sleep-related cortical changes were independent of cognitive decline. The relationship to cortical brain change suggests that self-reported sleep parameters are relevant in lifespan studies, but small effect sizes indicate that self-reported sleep is not a good biomarker of general cortical degeneration in healthy older adults.

• Walhovd, Kristine B; Bråthen, Anne Cecilie Sjøli; Panizzon, Matthew S.; Mowinckel, Athanasia Monika; Sørensen, Øystein & Lange, Ann-Marie Glasø de [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Within-session verbal learning slope is predictive of lifespan delayed recall, hippocampal volume, and memory training benefit, and is heritable. Scientific Reports. 10, s. 1–13. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-78225-1. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Memory performance results from plasticity, the ability to change with experience. We show that benefit from practice over a few trials, learning slope, is predictive of long-term recall and hippocampal volume across a broad age range and a long period of time, relates to memory training benefit, and is heritable. First, in a healthy lifespan sample (n = 1825, age 4–93 years), comprising 3483 occasions of combined magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and memory tests over a period of up to 11 years, learning slope across 5 trials was uniquely related to performance on a delayed free recall test, as well as hippocampal volume, independent from first trial memory or total memory performance across the five learning trials. Second, learning slope was predictive of benefit from memory training across ten weeks in an experimental subsample of adults (n = 155). Finally, in an independent sample of male twins (n = 1240, age 51–50 years), learning slope showed significant heritability. Within-session learning slope may be a useful marker beyond performance per se, being heritable and having unique predictive value for long-term memory function, hippocampal volume and training benefit across the human lifespan.

• Danielsen, Vilde Marie; Vidal-Piñeiro, Didac; Mowinckel, Athanasia Monika; Sederevicius, Donatas; Fjell, Anders Martin & Walhovd, Kristine B [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Lifespan trajectories of relative corpus callosum thickness: Regional differences and cognitive relevance. Cortex. ISSN 0010-9452. 130, s. 127–141. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.05.020. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The cerebral hemispheres are specialized for different cognitive functions and receive divergent information from the sensory organs, so that the interaction between the hemispheres is a crucial aspect of perception and cognition. At the same time, the major fiber tract responsible for this interaction, the corpus callosum, shows a structural development across the lifespan which is over-proportional. That is, compared to changes in overall forebrain volume, the corpus callosum shows an accentuated growth during childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood, as well as pronounced decline in older age. However, this over-proportionality of growth and decline along with potential consequences for cognition, have been largely overlooked in empirical research. In the present study we systematically address the proportionality of callosal development in a large mixed cross-sectional and longitudinal sample (1867 datasets from 1014 unique participants), covering the human lifespan (age range 4–93 years), and examine the cognitive consequences of the observed changes. Relative corpus callosum thickness was measured at 60 segments along the midsagittal surface, and lifespan trajectories were clustered to identify callosal subsections of comparable lifespan development. While confirming the expected inverted u-shaped lifespan trajectories, we also found substantial regional variation. Compared with anterior clusters, the most posterior sections exhibited an accentuated growth during development which extends well into the third decade of life, and a protracted decline in older age which is delayed by about 10 years (starting mid to late 50s). We further showed that the observed longitudinal changes in relative thickness of the mid splenium significantly mediates age-related changes in tests assessing verbal knowledge and non-verbal visual-spatial abilities across the lifespan. In summary, we demonstrate that analyzing the proportionality of callosal growth and decline offers valuable insight into lifespan development of structural connectivity between the hemispheres, and suggests consequences for the cognitive development of perception and cognition.

• Mowinckel, Athanasia Monika & Vidal-Piñeiro, Didac (2020). Visualization of Brain Statistics With R Packages ggseg and ggseg3d. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science (AMPPS). ISSN 2515-2459. 3(4), s. 466–483. doi: 10.1177/2515245920928009. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Gorbach, Tetiana; Pudas, Sara; Bartrés-Faz, David; Brandmaier, Andreas M.; Düzel, Sandra & Henson, Rik [Vis alle 17 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Longitudinal association between hippocampus atrophy and episodic‐memory decline in non‐demented APOE ε4 carriers. Alzheimer's and Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment and Disease Monitoring. 12(1). doi: 10.1002/dad2.12110. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Introduction The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele is the main genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), accelerated cognitive aging, and hippocampal atrophy, but its influence on the association between hippocampus atrophy and episodic‐memory decline in non‐demented individuals remains unclear. Methods We analyzed longitudinal (two to six observations) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–derived hippocampal volumes and episodic memory from 748 individuals (55 to 90 years at baseline, 50% female) from the European Lifebrain consortium. Results The change‐change association for hippocampal volume and memory was significant only in ε4 carriers (N = 173, r = 0.21, P = .007; non‐carriers: N = 467, r = 0.073, P = .117). The linear relationship was significantly steeper for the carriers [t(629) = 2.4, P = .013]. A similar trend toward a stronger change‐change relation for carriers was seen in a subsample with more than two assessments. Discussion These findings provide evidence for a difference in hippocampus‐memory association between ε4 carriers and non‐carriers, thus highlighting how genetic factors modulate the translation of the AD‐related pathophysiological cascade into cognitive deficits.

• Vidal-Piñeiro, Didac; Sneve, Markus Handal; Amlien, Inge Kasbohm; Grydeland, Håkon; Mowinckel, Athanasia Monika & Roe, James Michael [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). The Functional Foundations of Episodic Memory Remain Stable Throughout the Lifespan. Cerebral Cortex. ISSN 1047-3211. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa348. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Abstract It has been suggested that specific forms of cognition in older age rely largely on late-life specific mechanisms. Here instead, we tested using task-fMRI (n = 540, age 6–82 years) whether the functional foundations of successful episodic memory encoding adhere to a principle of lifespan continuity, shaped by developmental, structural, and evolutionary influences. We clustered regions of the cerebral cortex according to the shape of the lifespan trajectory of memory activity in each region so that regions showing the same pattern were clustered together. The results revealed that lifespan trajectories of memory encoding function showed a continuity through life but no evidence of age-specific mechanisms such as compensatory patterns. Encoding activity was related to general cognitive abilities and variations of grey matter as captured by a multi-modal independent component analysis, variables reflecting core aspects of cognitive and structural change throughout the lifespan. Furthermore, memory encoding activity aligned to fundamental aspects of brain organization, such as large-scale connectivity and evolutionary cortical expansion gradients. Altogether, we provide novel support for a perspective on memory aging in which maintenance and decay of episodic memory in older age needs to be understood from a comprehensive life-long perspective rather than as a late-life phenomenon only.

• Vidal-Piñeiro, Didac; Parker, Nadine; Shin, Jean; French, Leon; Grydeland, Håkon & Jackowski, Andrea [Vis alle 14 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Cellular correlates of cortical thinning throughout the lifespan. Scientific Reports. 10(1), s. 1–14. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-78471-3. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Abstract Cortical thinning occurs throughout the entire life and extends to late-life neurodegeneration, yet the neurobiological substrates are poorly understood. Here, we used a virtual-histology technique and gene expression data from the Allen Human Brain Atlas to compare the regional profiles of longitudinal cortical thinning through life (4004 magnetic resonance images [MRIs]) with those of gene expression for several neuronal and non-neuronal cell types. The results were replicated in three independent datasets. We found that inter-regional profiles of cortical thinning related to expression profiles for marker genes of CA1 pyramidal cells, astrocytes and, microglia during development and in aging. During the two stages of life, the relationships went in opposite directions: greater gene expression related to less thinning in development and vice versa in aging. The association between cortical thinning and cell-specific gene expression was also present in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease. These findings suggest a role of astrocytes and microglia in promoting and supporting neuronal growth and dendritic structures through life that affects cortical thickness during development, aging, and neurodegeneration. Overall, the findings contribute to our understanding of the neurobiology underlying variations in MRI-derived estimates of cortical thinning through life and late-life disease.

• Fjell, Anders Martin; Sørensen, Øystein; Amlien, Inge Kasbohm; Bartrés-Faz, David; Bros, Didac Macia & Buchmann, Nikolaus [Vis alle 28 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Self-reported sleep relates to hippocampal atrophy across the adult lifespan – results from the Lifebrain consortium. Sleep. ISSN 0161-8105. doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsz280. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objectives Poor sleep is associated with multiple age-related neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric conditions. The hippocampus plays a special role in sleep and sleep-dependent cognition, and accelerated hippocampal atrophy is typically seen with higher age. Hence, it is critical to establish how the relationship between sleep and hippocampal volume loss unfolds across the adult lifespan. Methods Self-reported sleep measures and MRI-derived hippocampal volumes were obtained from 3105 cognitively normal participants (18-90 years) from major European brain studies in the Lifebrain consortium. Hippocampal volume change was estimated from 5116 MRIs from 1299 participants for whom longitudinal MRIs were available, followed up to 11 years with a mean interval of 3.3 years. Cross-sectional analyses were repeated in a sample of 21390 participants from the UK Biobank. Results No cross-sectional sleep – hippocampal volume relationships were found. However, worse sleep quality, efficiency, problems, and daytime tiredness were related to greater hippocampal volume loss over time, with high scorers showing 0.22% greater annual loss than low scorers. The relationship between sleep and hippocampal atrophy did not vary across age. Simulations showed that the observed longitudinal effects were too small to be detected as age-interactions in the cross-sectional analyses. Conclusions Worse self-reported sleep is associated with higher rates of hippocampal volume decline across the adult lifespan. This suggests that sleep is relevant to understand individual differences in hippocampal atrophy, but limited effect sizes call for cautious interpretation.

• Vidal-Piñeiro, Didac; Sneve, Markus Handal; Nyberg, Lars; Mowinckel, Athanasia Monika; Sederevicius, Donatas & Walhovd, Kristine B [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Maintained Frontal Activity Underlies High Memory Function Over 8 Years in Aging. Cerebral Cortex. ISSN 1047-3211. 29(7), s. 3111–3123. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhy177. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Fjell, Anders Martin; Sneve, Markus Handal; Sederevicius, Donatas; Sørensen, Øystein; Krogsrud, Stine Kleppe & Mowinckel, Athanasia Monika [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Volumetric and microstructural regional changes of the hippocampus underlying development of recall performance after extended retention intervals. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience. ISSN 1878-9293. 40:100723, s. 1–12. doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100723. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Performance on recall tests improves through childhood and adolescence, in part due to structural maturation of the medial temporal cortex. Although partly different processes support successful recall over shorter vs. longer intervals, recall is usually tested after less than an hour. The aim of the present study was to test whether there are unique developmental changes in recall performance using extended retention intervals, and whether these are related to structural maturation of sub-regions of the hippocampus. 650 children and adolescents from 4.1 to 24.8 years were assessed in total 962 times (mean interval ≈ 1.8 years). The California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) and the Rey Complex Figure Test (CFT) were used. Recall was tested 30 min and ≈ 10 days after encoding. We found unique developmental effects on recall in the extended retention interval condition independently of 30 min recall performance. For CVLT, major improvements happened between 10 and 15 years. For CFT, improvement was linear and was accounted for by visuo-constructive abilities. The relationships did not show anterior-posterior hippocampal axis differences. In conclusion, performance on recall tests using extended retention intervals shows unique development, likely due to changes in encoding depth or efficacy, or improvements of long-term consolidation processes.

• Fjell, Anders Martin; Chen, Chi-Hua Chen; Sederevicius, Donatas; Sneve, Markus Handal; Grydeland, Håkon & Krogsrud, Stine Kleppe [Vis alle 17 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Continuity and discontinuity in human cortical development and change from embryonic stages to old age. Cerebral Cortex. ISSN 1047-3211. 29(9), s. 3879–3890. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhy266. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The human cerebral cortex is highly regionalized, and this feature emerges from morphometric gradients in the cerebral vesicles during embryonic development. We tested if this principle of regionalization could be traced from the embryonic development to the human life span. Data-driven fuzzy clustering was used to identify regions of coordinated longitudinal development of cortical surface area (SA) and thickness (CT) (n = 301, 4–12 years). The principal divide for the developmental SA clusters extended from the inferior–posterior to the superior–anterior cortex, corresponding to the major embryonic morphometric anterior–posterior (AP) gradient. Embryonic factors showing a clear AP gradient were identified, and we found significant differences in gene expression of these factors between the anterior and posterior clusters. Further, each identified developmental SA and CT clusters showed distinguishable life span trajectories in a larger longitudinal dataset (4–88 years, 1633 observations), and the SA and CT clusters showed differential relationships to cognitive functions. This means that regions that developed together in childhood also changed together throughout life, demonstrating continuity in regionalization of cortical changes. The AP divide in SA development also characterized genetic patterning obtained in an adult twin sample. In conclusion, the development of cortical regionalization is a continuous process from the embryonic stage throughout life.

• Mowinckel, Athanasia Monika; Alnæs, Dag; Pedersen, Mads Lund; Ziegler, Sigurd; Fredriksen, Mats & Kaufmann, Tobias [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Increased default-mode variability is related to reduced task-performance and is evident in adults with ADHD. NeuroImage: Clinical. 16, s. 369–382. doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.03.008. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Insufficient suppression and connectivity of the default mode network (DMN) is a potential mediator of cognitive dysfunctions across various disorders, including attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, it remains unclear if alterations in sustained DMN suppression, variability and connectivity during prolonged cognitive engagement are implicated in adult ADHD pathophysiology, and to which degree methylphenidate (MPH) remediates any DMN abnormalities. This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, cross-over clinical trial of MPH (clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01831622) explored large-scale brain network dynamics in 20 adults with ADHD on and off MPH, compared to 27 healthy controls, while performing a reward based decision-making task. DMN task-related activation, variability, and connectivity were estimated and compared between groups and conditions using independent component analysis, dual regression, and Bayesian linear mixed models. The results show that the DMN exhibited more variable activation patterns in unmedicated patients compared to healthy controls. Group differences in functional connectivity both between and within functional networks were evident. Further, functional connectivity between and within attention and DMN networks was sensitive both to task performance and case-control status. MPH altered within-network connectivity of the DMN and visual networks, but not between-network connectivity or temporal variability. This study thus provides novel fMRI evidence of reduced sustained DMN suppression in adults with ADHD during value-based decision-making, a pattern that was not alleviated by MPH. We infer from multiple analytical approaches further support to the default mode interference hypothesis, in that higher DMN activation variability is evident in adult ADHD and associated with lower task performance. This research was first published in the journal NeuroImage: Clinical. © Elsevier.

• Ziegler, Sigurd; Pedersen, Mads Lund; Mowinckel, Athanasia Monika & Biele, Guido (2016). Modelling ADHD: A review of ADHD theories through their predictions for computational models of decision-making and reinforcement learning. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. ISSN 0149-7634. 71, s. 633–656. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.09.002. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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• Roe, James Michael; Vidal-Piñeiro, Didac; Sørensen, Øystein; Brandmaier, Andreas M.; Düzel, Sandra & Gonzalez, Hector A. [Vis alle 78 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Author Correction: Asymmetric thinning of the cerebral cortex across the adult lifespan is accelerated in Alzheimer’s disease (Nature Communications, (2021), 12, 1, (721), 10.1038/s41467-021-21057-y). Nature Communications. 13(1). doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-28514-2. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Mowinckel, Athanasia Monika (2021). R and the tidyverse. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Mowinckel, Athanasia Monika (2021). Talk on nettskjema R package. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Mowinckel, Athanasia Monika (2021). Talk on the LCBC ggseg R-package. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Mowinckel, Athanasia Monika (2021). Make something random - learn something useful. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Mowinckel, Athanasia Monika (2021). Advanced R use - package development in R. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Mowinckel, Athanasia Monika (2021). A different type of database - talk about LCBC data base. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Mowinckel, Athanasia Monika (2021). Zhoosh up your ggplots. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Mowinckel, Athanasia Monika (2020). Talk on the LCBC ggseg R-package. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Mowinckel, Athanasia Monika (2020). Talk on gg-seg R package. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Mowinckel, Athanasia Monika (2016). Re: Kronisk utmattelsessyndrom og erfaring med Lightning Process. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 136(7), s. 588–588. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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