Kristine Beate Walhovd

• Grydeland, Håkon; Wang, Yunpeng; Sederevicius, Donatas; Bartres-Faz, David; Bertram, Lars; Dobricic, Valerija; Düzel, Sandra; Ebmeier, Klaus; Lindenberger, Ulman; Nyberg, Lars Erik; Pudas, Sara; Sexton, Claire E; Solé-Padullés, Cristina; Walhovd, Kristine B & Fjell, Anders Martin (2021). Sleep Efficiency Relates to Hippocampal Integrity Decline in β-Amyloid Positive Adults. Sleep.  ISSN 0161-8105. . doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.28.061184 Show summary

  Background To test the hypothesis that worse self-reported sleep relates to memory decay and reduced hippocampal integrity as indexed by increased intra-hippocampal water diffusion, and that the relations are stronger in the presence of β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation, a marker of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. Methods Two-hundred and forty-three cognitively healthy participants, aged 19-81 years, completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and 2 diffusion tensor imaging sessions, on average 3 years apart, allowing measures of decline in hippocampal microstructural integrity as indexed by increased mean diffusivity. We measured memory decay using delayed recall from the California Verbal Learning Test. 18F-Flutemetamol positron emission tomography, in 108 participants above 44 years of age, yielded 23 Aβ positive. Genotyping enabled controlling for APOE ε4 status, and polygenic scores for sleep efficiency and AD. Results Worse global sleep quality and sleep efficiency related to more rapid reduction in hippocampal microstructural integrity over time. Focusing on sleep efficiency, the relation was stronger in presence of Aβ accumulation. Sleep efficiency related to memory decay indirectly via hippocampal integrity decline. The results were not explained by genetic risk for sleep efficiency and AD. Conclusions Poor self-reported sleep efficiency related to decline in hippocampal integrity, especially in the presence of Aβ accumulation. Poor sleep and hippocampal microstructural decline may partly explain memory decline in older adults with Aβ pathology. The relationships were not explained by genetic risk. Poor self-reported sleep efficiency might constitute a risk factor for AD, although the causal mechanisms driving the of observed associations remain unknown.

• Roe, James Michael; Vidal-Piñeiro, Didac; Sørensen, Øystein; Brandmaier, Andreas M.; Düzel, Sandra; Gonzalez, Hector A.; Kievit, Rogier A.; Knights, Ethan; Kühn, Simone; Lindenberger, Ulman; Mowinckel, Athanasia Monika; Nyberg, Lars; Park, Denise C.; Pudas, Sara; Rundle, Melissa M.; Walhovd, Kristine B; Fjell, Anders Martin & Westerhausen, Rene (2021). Asymmetric thinning of the cerebral cortex across the adult lifespan is accelerated in Alzheimer’s disease. Nature Communications.  ISSN 2041-1723.  12:721, s 1- 11 . doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-21057-y
• Roe, James Michael; Vidal-Piñeiro, Didac; Sørensen, Øystein; Mowinckel, Athanasia Monika; Walhovd, Kristine B; Fjell, Anders Martin & Westerhausen, Rene (2021). Asymmetric thinning of the cerebral cortex across the adult lifespan is accelerated in Alzheimer’s Disease. Nature Communications.  ISSN 2041-1723. . doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.18.158980 Show summary

  Normal aging and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) are accompanied by large-scale alterations in brain organization that undermine brain function. Although hemispheric asymmetry is a global organizing feature of cortex thought to promote brain efficiency, current descriptions of cortical thinning in aging and AD have largely overlooked cortical asymmetry. Consequently, the foundational question of whether and where the cerebral hemispheres change at different rates in aging and AD remains open. First, applying vertex-wise data-driven clustering in a longitudinal discovery sample (aged 20-89; 2577 observations; 1851 longitudinal) we identified cortical regions exhibiting similar age-trajectories of asymmetry across the adult lifespan. Next, we sought replication in 4 independent longitudinal aging cohorts. We show that higher-order regions of cortex that exhibit pronounced asymmetry at age ~20 also show asymmetry change in aging. Results revealed that both leftward and rightward asymmetry is progressively lost on a similar time-scale across adult life. Hence, faster thinning of the (previously) thicker homotopic hemisphere is a feature of aging. This simple organizational principle showed high consistency across multiple aging cohorts in the Lifebrain consortium, and both the topological patterns and temporal dynamics of asymmetry-loss were markedly similar across replicating samples. Finally, we show that regions exhibiting gradual asymmetry-loss over healthy adult life exhibit faster asymmetry-change in AD. 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.18.158980; this version posted June 20, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Overall, our results suggest a system-wide breakdown in the adaptive asymmetric organization of cortex across adult life which is further accelerated in AD, and may implicate thickness asymmetry as a viable marker for declining hemispheric specialization in aging and AD.

• Sørensen, Øystein; Brandmaier, Andreas M.; Macià, Dídac; Ebmeier, Klaus; Ghisletta, Paolo; Kievit, Rogier A.; Mowinckel, Athanasia Monika; Walhovd, Kristine B; Westerhausen, Rene & Fjell, Anders Martin (2021). Meta-analysis of generalized additive models in neuroimaging studies. NeuroImage.  ISSN 1053-8119.  224 . doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117416 Full text in Research Archive.
• Sørensen, Øystein; Mowinckel, Athanasia Monika; Walhovd, Kristine B; Westerhausen, Rene & Fjell, Anders Martin (2021). Meta-analysis of generalized additive models in neuroimaging studies. NeuroImage.  ISSN 1053-8119. . doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117416 Show summary

  Analyzing data from multiple neuroimaging studies has great potential in terms of increasing statistical power, enabling detection of effects of smaller magnitude than would be possible when analyzing each study separately and also allowing to systematically investigate between-study differences. Restrictions due to privacy or proprietary data as well as more practical concerns can make it hard to share neuroimaging datasets, such that analyzing all data in a common location might be impractical or impossible. Meta-analytic methods provide a way to overcome this issue, by combining aggregated quantities like model parameters or risk ratios. Most meta-analytic tools focus on parametric statistical models, and methods for meta-analyzing semi-parametric models like generalized additive models have not been well developed. Parametric models are often not appropriate in neuroimaging, where for instance age-brain relationships may take forms that are difficult to accurately describe using such models. In this paper we introduce meta-GAM, a method for meta-analysis of generalized additive models which does not require individual participant data, and hence is suitable for increasing statistical power while upholding privacy and other regulatory concerns. We extend previous works by enabling the analysis of multiple model terms as well as multivariate smooth functions. In addition, we show how meta-analytic p-values can be computed for smooth terms. The proposed methods are shown to perform well in simulation experiments, and are demonstrated in a real data analysis on hippocampal volume and self-reported sleep quality data from the Lifebrain consortium. We argue that application of meta-GAM is especially beneficial in lifespan neuroscience and imaging genetics. The methods are implemented in an accompanying R package metagam, which is also demonstrated.

• Sørensen, Øystein; Walhovd, Kristine B & Fjell, Anders Martin (2021). A recipe for accurate estimation of lifespan brain trajectories, distinguishing longitudinal and cohort effects. NeuroImage.  ISSN 1053-8119.  226 . doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117596 Full text in Research Archive.
• Bråthen, Anne Cecilie Sjøli; de Lange, Ann-Marie Glasø; Fjell, Anders Martin & Walhovd, Kristine B (2020). Risk- and protective factors for memory plasticity in aging. Aging, Neuropsychology and Cognition.  ISSN 1382-5585.  28(2), s 201- 217 . doi: 10.1080/13825585.2020.1727834 Full text in Research Archive.
• Danielsen, Vilde Marie; Vidal-Piñeiro, Didac; Mowinckel, Athanasia Monika; Sederevicius, Donatas; Fjell, Anders Martin; Walhovd, Kristine B & Westerhausen, Rene (2020). Lifespan trajectories of relative corpus callosum thickness: Regional differences and cognitive relevance. Cortex.  ISSN 0010-9452.  130, s 127- 141 . doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2020.05.020 Show summary

  The cerebral hemispheres are specialized for different cognitive functions and receive divergent information from the sensory organs, so that the interaction between the hemispheres is a crucial aspect of perception and cognition. At the same time, the major fiber tract responsible for this interaction, the corpus callosum, shows a structural development across the lifespan which is over-proportional. That is, compared to changes in overall forebrain volume, the corpus callosum shows an accentuated growth during childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood, as well as pronounced decline in older age. However, this over-proportionality of growth and decline along with potential consequences for cognition, have been largely overlooked in empirical research. In the present study we systematically address the proportionality of callosal development in a large mixed cross-sectional and longitudinal sample (1867 datasets from 1014 unique participants), covering the human lifespan (age range 4–93 years), and examine the cognitive consequences of the observed changes. Relative corpus callosum thickness was measured at 60 segments along the midsagittal surface, and lifespan trajectories were clustered to identify callosal subsections of comparable lifespan development. While confirming the expected inverted u-shaped lifespan trajectories, we also found substantial regional variation. Compared with anterior clusters, the most posterior sections exhibited an accentuated growth during development which extends well into the third decade of life, and a protracted decline in older age which is delayed by about 10 years (starting mid to late 50s). We further showed that the observed longitudinal changes in relative thickness of the mid splenium significantly mediates age-related changes in tests assessing verbal knowledge and non-verbal visual-spatial abilities across the lifespan. In summary, we demonstrate that analyzing the proportionality of callosal growth and decline offers valuable insight into lifespan development of structural connectivity between the hemispheres, and suggests consequences for the cognitive development of perception and cognition.

• Fjell, Anders Martin; Sederevicius, Donatas; Sneve, Markus Handal; de Lange, Ann-Marie Glasø; Bråthen, Anne Cecilie Sjøli; Idland, Ane-Victoria; Watne, Leiv Otto; Wang, Yunpeng; Reinbold, Céline Sonja; Dobricic, Valerija; Kilpert, Fabian; Blennow, Kaj; Zetterberg, Henrik; Hong, S; Bertram, Lars & Walhovd, Kristine B (2020). Self-reported sleep problems are related to amyloid deposition in cortical regions with high HOMER1 gene expression. Cerebral Cortex.  ISSN 1047-3211.  30(4), s 2144- 2156 . doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhz228 Full text in Research Archive.
• Fjell, Anders Martin; Sørensen, Øystein; Amlien, Inge Kasbohm; Bartrés-Faz, David; Brandmaier, Andreas M.; Buchmann, Nikolaus; Demuth, Ilja; Drevon, Christian A; Düzel, Sandra; Ebmeier, Klaus; Ghisletta, Paolo; Idland, Ane-Victoria; Kietzmann, Tim C; Kievit, Rogier A.; Kühn, Simone; Lindenberger, Ulman; Magnussen, Fredrik; Macià Bros, Didac; Mowinckel, Athanasia Monika; Nyberg, Lars Erik; Sexton, Claire E; Sole-Padulles, Cristina; Pudas, Sara; Roe, James Michael; Sederevicius, Donatas; Suri, Sana; Vidal-Piñeiro, Didac; Wagner, Gerd; Watne, Leiv Otto; Westerhausen, Rene; Zsoldos, Eniko & Walhovd, Kristine B (2020). Poor Self-Reported Sleep is Related to Regional Cortical Thinning in Aging but not Memory Decline-Results From the Lifebrain Consortium. Cerebral Cortex.  ISSN 1047-3211.  s 1- 17 . doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa332 Show summary

  We examined whether sleep quality and quantity are associated with cortical and memory changes in cognitively healthy participants across the adult lifespan. Associations between self-reported sleep parameters (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI) and longitudinal cortical change were tested using five samples from the Lifebrain consortium (n = 2205, 4363 MRIs, 18–92 years). In additional analyses, we tested coherence with cell-specific gene expression maps from the Allen Human Brain Atlas, and relations to changes in memory performance. “PSQI # 1 Subjective sleep quality” and “PSQI #5 Sleep disturbances” were related to thinning of the right lateral temporal cortex, with lower quality and more disturbances being associated with faster thinning. The association with “PSQI #5 Sleep disturbances” emerged after 60 years, especially in regions with high expression of genes related to oligodendrocytes and S1 pyramidal neurons. None of the sleep scales were related to a longitudinal change in episodic memory function, suggesting that sleep-related cortical changes were independent of cognitive decline. The relationship to cortical brain change suggests that self-reported sleep parameters are relevant in lifespan studies, but small effect sizes indicate that self-reported sleep is not a good biomarker of general cortical degeneration in healthy older adults.

• Gorbach, Tetiana; Pudas, Sara; Bartrés-Faz, David; Brandmaier, Andreas M.; Düzel, Sandra; Henson, Rik; Idland, Ane-Victoria; Lindenberger, Ulman; Macià Bros, Didac; Mowinckel, Athanasia Monika; Solé-Padullés, Cristina; Sørensen, Øystein; Walhovd, Kristine B; Watne, Leiv Otto; Westerhausen, Rene; Fjell, Anders Martin & Nyberg, Lars Erik (2020). Longitudinal association between hippocampus atrophy and episodic‐memory decline in non‐demented APOE ε4 carriers. Alzheimer's and Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment and Disease Monitoring.  ISSN 2352-8729.  12(1) . doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/dad2.12110 Full text in Research Archive. Show summary

  Introduction The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele is the main genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), accelerated cognitive aging, and hippocampal atrophy, but its influence on the association between hippocampus atrophy and episodic‐memory decline in non‐demented individuals remains unclear. Methods We analyzed longitudinal (two to six observations) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–derived hippocampal volumes and episodic memory from 748 individuals (55 to 90 years at baseline, 50% female) from the European Lifebrain consortium. Results The change‐change association for hippocampal volume and memory was significant only in ε4 carriers (N = 173, r = 0.21, P = .007; non‐carriers: N = 467, r = 0.073, P = .117). The linear relationship was significantly steeper for the carriers [t(629) = 2.4, P = .013]. A similar trend toward a stronger change‐change relation for carriers was seen in a subsample with more than two assessments. Discussion These findings provide evidence for a difference in hippocampus‐memory association between ε4 carriers and non‐carriers, thus highlighting how genetic factors modulate the translation of the AD‐related pathophysiological cascade into cognitive deficits.

• Idland, Ane-Victoria; Sala Llonch, Roser; Watne, Leiv; Brækhus, Anne; Hansson, Oskar; Blennow, Kaj; Zetterberg, Henrik; Sørensen, Øystein; Walhovd, Kristine B; Wyller, Torgeir Bruun & Fjell, Anders Martin (2020). Biomarker Profiling Beyond Amyloid and Tau: Cerebrospinal Fluid Markers, Hippocampal Atrophy, and Memory Change in Cognitively Unimpaired Older Adults. Neurobiology of Aging.  ISSN 0197-4580.  93, s 1- 15 . doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.04.002 Full text in Research Archive. Show summary

  Brain changes occurring in aging can be indexed by biomarkers. We used cluster analysis to identify subgroups of cognitively unimpaired individuals (n = 99, 64-93 years) with different profiles of the cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers beta amyloid 1-42 (Aβ42), phosphorylated tau (P-tau), total tau, chitinase-3-like protein 1 (YKL-40), fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3), and neurofilament light (NFL). Hippocampal volume and memory were assessed across multiple follow-up examinations covering up to 6.8 years. Clustering revealed one group (39%) with more pathological concentrations of all biomarkers, which could further be divided into one group (20%) characterized by tauopathy and high FABP3 and one (19%) by brain β-amyloidosis, high NFL, and slightly higher YKL-40. The clustering approach clearly outperformed classification based on Aβ42 and P-tau alone in prediction of memory decline, with the individuals with most tauopathy and FABP3 showing more memory decline, but not more hippocampal volume change. The results demonstrate that older adults can be classified based on biomarkers beyond amyloid and tau, with improved prediction of memory decline

• Langnes, Espen; Sneve, Markus Handal; Sederevicius, Donatas; Amlien, Inge Kasbohm; Walhovd, Kristine B & Fjell, Anders Martin (2020). Anterior and posterior hippocampus macro‐ and microstructure across the lifespan in relation to memory—A longitudinal study. Hippocampus.  ISSN 1050-9631.  s 1- 15 . doi: 10.1002/hipo.23189 Full text in Research Archive.
• Ljøsne, Isabelle Sylvie Budin; Friedman, Barbara Bodorkos; Suri, Sana; Solé-Padullés, Cristina; Düzel, Sandra; Drevon, Christian A; Baaré, William F.C.; Mowinckel, Athanasia Monika; Zsoldos, Enikő; Madsen, Kathrine Skak; Carver, Rebecca Bruu; Ghisletta, Paolo; Arnesen, Mari; Bartrés Faz, David; Brandmaier, Andreas M.; Fjell, Anders Martin; Kvalbein, Aud; Henson, Richard N.; Kievit, Rogier A.; Nawijn, Laura; Pochet, Roland; Schnitzler, Alfons; Walhovd, Kristine B & Zasiekina, Larysa (2020). The global brain health survey: Development of a multi-language survey of public views on brain health. Frontiers In Public Health.  ISSN 2296-2565.  8:387, s 1- 13 . doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00387 Full text in Research Archive.
• Nyberg, Claudia; Fjell, Anders Martin & Walhovd, Kristine B (2020). Level of body fat relates to memory decline and interacts with age in its association with hippocampal and subcortical atrophy. Neurobiology of Aging.  ISSN 0197-4580.  91, s 112- 124 . doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.10.005
• Nyberg, Lars Erik; Grande, Xenia; Andersson, Micael; Berron, David; Lundquist, Anders; Stiernstedt, Mikael; Fjell, Anders Martin; Walhovd, Kristine B & Orädd, Greger (2020). Forecasting memory function in aging: pattern-completion ability and hippocampal activity relate to visuospatial functioning over 25 years. Neurobiology of Aging.  ISSN 0197-4580.  94, s 217- 226 . doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.06.005
• Vidal-Piñeiro, Didac; Parker, Nadine; Shin, Jean; French, Leon; Grydeland, Håkon; Jackowski, Andrea; Mowinckel, Athanasia Monika; Patel, Yash; Pausova, Zdenka; Salum, Giovanni; Sørensen, Øystein; Walhovd, Kristine B; Paus, Tomáš & Fjell, Anders Martin (2020). Cellular correlates of cortical thinning throughout the lifespan. Scientific Reports.  ISSN 2045-2322.  10(1), s 1- 14 . doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-78471-3 Full text in Research Archive.
• Vidal-Piñeiro, Didac; Sneve, Markus Handal; Amlien, Inge Kasbohm; Grydeland, Håkon; Mowinckel, Athanasia Monika; Roe, James Michael; Sørensen, Øystein; Nyberg, Lars; Walhovd, Kristine B & Fjell, Anders Martin (2020). The Functional Foundations of Episodic Memory Remain Stable Throughout the Lifespan. Cerebral Cortex.  ISSN 1047-3211. . doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa348 Full text in Research Archive.
• Walhovd, Kristine B; Amlien, Inge Kasbohm; Schrantee, Anouk; Rohani, Darius Adam; Groote, Inge Rasmus; Bjørnerud, Atle; Fjell, Anders Martin & Reneman, Liesbeth (2020). Methylphenidate effects on cortical thickness in children and adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A randomized clinical trial. American Journal of Neuroradiology.  ISSN 0195-6108.  41(5), s 758- 765 . doi: 10.3174/AJNR.A6560 Full text in Research Archive. Show summary

  Abstract Background and purpose: Although methylphenidate is frequently used to treat children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, it is currently unknown how methylphenidate affects brain development. In a randomized controlled trial, we investigated whether the cortical effects of methylphenidate are modulated by age. Materials and methods: Between June 1, 2011, and June 15, 2015, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (Effects of Psychotropic Drugs on Developing Brain-Methylphenidate) in 99 males with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, criteria) from referral centers in the greater Amsterdam area in the Netherlands. The trial was registered on March 24, 2011 (identifier NL34509.000.10) and subsequently at the Netherlands National Trial Register (identifier NTR3103). Participants (first enrolled October 13, 2011) were 10-12 years or 23-40 years of age and randomized to treatment with either methylphenidate or a placebo for 16 weeks. Our main outcome was a change in cortical thickness in predefined ROIs as measured by MR imaging pre- and posttreatment. Results: We observed a time × medication × age interaction (F[1,88.825] = 4.316, P < .05) for the right medial cortex ROI, where methylphenidate treatment yielded less cortical thinning in children, but not in adults or the placebo groups. Conclusions: Our finding that the effects of methylphenidate on right medial cortical thickness differ between children and adults infers that the drug affects gray matter development in this brain region. This warrants replication in larger groups with longer follow-up to determine whether this effect can also be observed in other cortical brain regions and whether it may have long-term consequences.

• Walhovd, Kristine B; Bråthen, Anne Cecilie Sjøli; Panizzon, Matthew S.; Mowinckel, Athanasia Monika; Sørensen, Øystein; de Lange, Ann-Marie Glasø; Krogsrud, Stine Kleppe; Håberg, Asta; Franz, Carol E.; Kremen, William S & Fjell, Anders Martin (2020). Within-session verbal learning slope is predictive of lifespan delayed recall, hippocampal volume, and memory training benefit, and is heritable. Scientific Reports.  ISSN 2045-2322.  10, s 1- 13 . doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-78225-1 Full text in Research Archive. Show summary

  Memory performance results from plasticity, the ability to change with experience. We show that benefit from practice over a few trials, learning slope, is predictive of long-term recall and hippocampal volume across a broad age range and a long period of time, relates to memory training benefit, and is heritable. First, in a healthy lifespan sample (n = 1825, age 4–93 years), comprising 3483 occasions of combined magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and memory tests over a period of up to 11 years, learning slope across 5 trials was uniquely related to performance on a delayed free recall test, as well as hippocampal volume, independent from first trial memory or total memory performance across the five learning trials. Second, learning slope was predictive of benefit from memory training across ten weeks in an experimental subsample of adults (n = 155). Finally, in an independent sample of male twins (n = 1240, age 51–50 years), learning slope showed significant heritability. Within-session learning slope may be a useful marker beyond performance per se, being heritable and having unique predictive value for long-term memory function, hippocampal volume and training benefit across the human lifespan.

• Walhovd, Kristine B; Fjell, Anders Martin; Sørensen, Øystein; Mowinckel, Athanasia Monika; Reinbold, Céline Sonja; Idland, Ane-Victoria; Watne, Leiv; Franke, Andre; Dobricic, Valerija; Kilpert, Fabian; Bertram, Lars & Wang, Yunpeng (2020). Genetic risk for Alzheimer disease predicts hippocampal volume through the human lifespan. Neurology: Genetics.  ISSN 2376-7839.  6(5) . doi: doi:10.1212/NXG.0000000000000506 Full text in Research Archive.
• Westerhausen, Rene; Fjell, Anders Martin; Kompus, Kristiina; Schapiro, Steven J.; Sherwood, Chet C.; Walhovd, Kristine B & Hopkins, William D. (2020). Comparative morphology of the corpus callosum across the adult lifespan in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and humans. Journal of Comparative Neurology.  ISSN 0021-9967.  s 1- 13 . doi: 10.1002/cne.25039
• Amlien, Inge Kasbohm; Sneve, Markus Handal; Vidal-Piñeiro, Didac; Walhovd, Kristine B & Fjell, Anders Martin (2019). Elaboration Benefits Source Memory Encoding Through Centrality Change. Scientific Reports.  ISSN 2045-2322.  9(1), s 1- 13 . doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-39999-1 Full text in Research Archive.
• Bjørnebekk, Astrid; Westlye, Lars Tjelta; Walhovd, Kristine B; Jørstad, Marie Lindvik; Sundset, Øyvind & Fjell, Anders Martin (2019). Cognitive Performance and Structural Brain Correlates in Long-Term Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Exposed and Nonexposed Weightlifters. Neuropsychology.  ISSN 0894-4105.  33(4), s 547- 559 . doi: 10.1037/neu0000537
• Ferschmann, Lia; Vijayakumar, Nandita; Grydeland, Håkon; Øverbye, Knut; Sederevicius, Donatas; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Fjell, Anders Martin; Walhovd, Kristine B; Pfeifer, Jennifer H. & Tamnes, Christian Krog (2019). Prosocial behavior relates to the rate and timing of cortical thinning from adolescence to young adulthood. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience.  ISSN 1878-9293.  40:100734, s 1- 8 . doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100734 Full text in Research Archive.
• Fjell, Anders Martin; Chen, Chi-Hua Chen; Sederevicius, Donatas; Sneve, Markus Handal; Grydeland, Håkon; Krogsrud, Stine Kleppe; Amlien, Inge Kasbohm; Ferschmann, Lia; Ness, Hedda; Folvik, Line; Beck, Dani; Mowinckel, Athanasia Monika; Tamnes, Christian Krog; Westerhausen, René; Håberg, Asta; Dale, Anders M & Walhovd, Kristine B (2019). Continuity and discontinuity in human cortical development and change from embryonic stages to old age. Cerebral Cortex.  ISSN 1047-3211.  29(9), s 3879- 3890 . doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhy266 Full text in Research Archive.
• Fjell, Anders Martin; Sneve, Markus Handal; Sederevicius, Donatas; Sørensen, Øystein; Krogsrud, Stine Kleppe; Mowinckel, Athanasia Monika & Walhovd, Kristine B (2019). Volumetric and microstructural regional changes of the hippocampus underlying development of recall performance after extended retention intervals. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience.  ISSN 1878-9293.  40:100723, s 1- 12 . doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100723 Full text in Research Archive.
• Fjell, Anders Martin; Sørensen, Øystein; Amlien, Inge Kasbohm; Bartrés-Faz, David; Bros, Didac Macia; Buchmann, Nikolaus; Demuth, Ilja; Drevon, Christian A; duzel, Sandra; Ebmeier, K P; Idland, Ane-Victoria; Kietzmann, Tim C; Kievit, Rogier; Kühn, Simone; Lindenberger, Ulman; Mowinckel, Athanasia Monika; Nyberg, Lars Erik; Price, Darren; Sexton, Claire; Sole-Padulles, Cristina; Pudas, Sara; Sederevicius, Donatas; Suri, Sana; Wagner, Gerd; Watne, Leiv Otto; Westerhausen, René; Zsoldos, Eniko & Walhovd, Kristine B (2019). Self-reported sleep relates to hippocampal atrophy across the adult lifespan – results from the Lifebrain consortium. Sleep.  ISSN 0161-8105. . doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsz280 Full text in Research Archive.
• Friedman, Barbara Bodorkos; Suri, Sana; Sole-Padulles, Cristina; Düzel, Sandra; Drevon, Christian A; Baaré, William F. C.; Bartrés-Faz, David; Fjell, Anders Martin; Johansen-Berg, Heidi; Madsen, Kathrine S.; Nyberg, Lars; Penninx, Brenda W.J.H.; Sexton, Claire; Walhovd, Kristine B; Zsoldos, Enikő & Ljøsne, Isabelle Sylvie Budin (2019). Are People Ready for Personalized Brain Health? Perspectives of Research Participants in the Lifebrain Consortium. The gerontologist.  ISSN 0016-9013. . doi: 10.1093/geront/gnz155 Full text in Research Archive.
• Grydeland, Håkon; Vértes, Petra; Váša, František; Romero-Garcia, Rafael; Whitaker, Kirstie; Aaron F., Alexander-Bloch; Bjørnerud, Atle; Patel, Ameera X.; Sederevicius, Donatas; Tamnes, Christian Krog; Westlye, Lars Tjelta; White, Simon; Walhovd, Kristine B; Fjell, Anders Martin & Bullmore, Edward T. (2019). Waves of Maturation and Senescence in Microstructural MRI Markers of Human Cortical Myelination over the Lifespan. Cerebral Cortex.  ISSN 1047-3211.  29(3), s 1369- 1381 . doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhy330 Full text in Research Archive.
• Halaas, Nathalie Bodd; Henjum, Kristi; Blennow, Kaj; Dakhil, Shams; Idland, Ane-Victoria; Nilsson, Lars; Sederevicius, Donatas; Vidal-Piñeiro, Didac; Walhovd, Kristine B; Wyller, Torgeir Bruun; Zetterberg, Henrik; Watne, Leiv & Fjell, Anders Martin (2019). CSF sTREM2 and Tau Work Together in Predicting Increased Temporal Lobe Atrophy in Older Adults. Cerebral Cortex.  ISSN 1047-3211.  00, s 1- 12 . doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhz240 Full text in Research Archive.
• Hauger, Lisa Evju; Westlye, Lars Tjelta; Fjell, Anders Martin; Walhovd, Kristine B & Bjørnebekk, Astrid (2019). Structural brain characteristics of anabolic-androgenic steroid dependence in men. Addiction.  ISSN 0965-2140.  s 1- 11 . doi: 10.1111/add.14629
• Nygaard, Egil; Slinning, Kari; Moe, Vibeke; Fjell, Anders Martin & Walhovd, Kristine B (2019). Mental health in youth prenatally exposed to opioids and poly-drugs and raised in permanent foster/adoptive homes: A prospective longitudinal study. Early Human Development.  ISSN 0378-3782.  140:104910, s 1- 8 . doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2019.104910 Full text in Research Archive. Show summary

  Abstract Background Little is known about the mental health of prenatally opioid- and polydrug-exposed youth raised in foster/adoptive families. Aim To compare mental health problems among two groups of youth, one prenatally drug-exposed group with participants who were mainly placed in permanent foster or adoptive homes in early infancy and a group without known prenatal risk factors who were raised by their birth parents. Methods The sample consisted of 45 drug-exposed and 48 nonexposed youth between 17 and 22 years old from an original sample of 136 followed since birth. An extended version of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview was used to assess lifetime psychiatric disorder, and participants completed the Achenbach Adult Self-Report form and Cantril's Ladder of Life Satisfaction Scale. Results A higher proportion of the youth in the drug-exposed group had lifetime experiences with major depressive episodes, alcohol abuse and attention deficit, hyperactivity disorder (OR > 3, p ≤ .030). They scored higher on the aggressive behavior scale, had more sexual partners and were younger at their sexual debut (p ≤ .030). There were no group differences in current self-reported satisfaction with life. Conclusion Youth exposed to drugs prenatally continue to represent a risk group despite early placement in permanent foster and adoptive homes. The factors contributing to this elevated risk may be multifaceted and involve adverse prenatal conditions including but not limited to drug exposure, genetics, and postnatal environmental conditions. The results highlight the need for longitudinal follow-up in the transition to adulthood as well as qualified service provision for these youth and their families.

• Parker, Nadine; Vidal-Piñeiro, Didac; French, Leon; Shin, Jean; Adams, Hieab H.; Brodaty, Henry; Cox, Simon R; Deary, Ian; Fjell, Anders Martin; Frenzel, Stefan; Grabe, Hans; Hosten, Norbert; Ikram, Mohammad A.; jiang, jiyang; Knol, Maria J.; Mazoyer, Bernard; Mishra, Aniket; Sachdev, Perminder; salum, giovanni; Satizabal, Claudia L; Schmidt, Helena; Schmidt, Reinhold; Seshadri, Sudha; Schumann, Gunter; Volzke, Henry; Walhovd, Kristine B; Wen, Wei; Wittfeld, Katharina; Yang, Qiong; debette, stephanie; Pausova, Zdenka & Paus, Tomáš (2019). Corticosteroids and Regional Variations in Thickness of the Human Cerebral Cortex across the Lifespan. Cerebral Cortex.  ISSN 1047-3211.  30(2), s 575- 586 . doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhz108 Full text in Research Archive.
• Roe, James Michael; Vidal-Piñeiro, Didac; Sneve, Markus Handal; Kompus, Kristiina; Greve, Douglas N.; Walhovd, Kristine B; Fjell, Anders Martin & Westerhausen, René (2019). Age-Related Differences in Functional AsymmetryDuring Memory Retrieval Revisited: No Evidence forContralateral Overactivation or Compensation. Cerebral Cortex.  ISSN 1047-3211.  0(0), s 1- 19 . doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhz153 Full text in Research Archive.
• Smith, Steve; Duff, Eugene; Groves, Adrian; Nichols, Thomas E.; Jbabdi, Saad; Westlye, Lars Tjelta; Tamnes, Christian Krog; Engvig, Andreas; Walhovd, Kristine B; Fjell, Anders Martin; Johansen-Berg, Heidi & Douaud, Gwenaëlle (2019). Structural variability in the human brain reflects fine-grained functional architecture at the population level. Journal of Neuroscience.  ISSN 0270-6474.  39(31), s 6136- 6149 . doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2912-18.2019 Full text in Research Archive.
• Sneve, Markus Handal; Grydeland, Håkon; Rosa, Marcello G P; Paus, Tomáš; Chaplin, Tristan; Walhovd, Kristine B & Fjell, Anders Martin (2019). High-expanding regions in primate cortical brain evolution support supramodal cognitive flexibility. Cerebral Cortex.  ISSN 1047-3211.  29(9), s 3891- 3901 . doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhy268 Full text in Research Archive.
• Vidal-Piñeiro, Didac; Sneve, Markus Handal; Nyberg, Lars; Mowinckel, Athanasia Monika; Sederevicius, Donatas; Walhovd, Kristine B & Fjell, Anders Martin (2019). Maintained Frontal Activity Underlies High Memory Function Over 8 Years in Aging. Cerebral Cortex.  ISSN 1047-3211.  29(7), s 3111- 3123 . doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhy177 Full text in Research Archive.
• Walhovd, Kristine B; Howell, Gareth R; Ritchie, Stuart J.; Staff, Roger T. & Cotman, Carl W (2019). What are the earlier life contributions to reserve and resilience?. Neurobiology of Aging.  ISSN 0197-4580.  s 1- 5 . doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.04.014
• Øverbye, Knut; Walhovd, Kristine B; Paus, Tomáš; Fjell, Anders Martin; Huster, Rene & Tamnes, Christian Krog (2019). Error processing in the adolescent brain: Age-related differences in electrophysiology, behavioral adaptation, and brain morphology. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience.  ISSN 1878-9293.  38 . doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100665 Full text in Research Archive.
• Amlien, Inge Kasbohm; Sneve, Markus Handal; Vidal-Piñeiro, Didac; Walhovd, Kristine B & Fjell, Anders Martin (2018). The lifespan trajectory of the encoding-retrieval flip: A multimodal examination of medial parietal cortex contributions to episodic memory. Journal of Neuroscience.  ISSN 0270-6474.  38(40), s 8666- 8679 . doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1702-17.2018 Full text in Research Archive.
• Bråthen, Anne Cecilie Sjøli; de Lange, Ann-Marie Glasø; Rohani, Darius; Sneve, Markus Handal; Fjell, Anders Martin & Walhovd, Kristine B (2018). Multimodal cortical and hippocampal prediction of episodic‐memory plasticity in young and older adults. Human Brain Mapping.  ISSN 1065-9471.  39(11), s 4480- 4492 . doi: 10.1002/hbm.24287 Full text in Research Archive.
• de Lange, Ann-Marie Glasø; Bråthen, Anne Cecilie Sjøli; Rohani, Darius; Fjell, Anders Martin & Walhovd, Kristine B (2018). The temporal dynamics of brain plasticity in aging. Cerebral Cortex.  ISSN 1047-3211.  28(5), s 1857- 1865 . doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhy003 Full text in Research Archive.
• Ferschmann, Lia; Fjell, Anders Martin; Vollrath, Margarete E.; Grydeland, Håkon; Walhovd, Kristine B & Tamnes, Christian Krog (2018). Personality Traits Are Associated With Cortical Development Across Adolescence: A Longitudinal Structural MRI Study. Child Development.  ISSN 0009-3920.  89(3), s 811- 822 . doi: 10.1111/cdev.13016 Full text in Research Archive.
• Haabrekke, Kristin Johanne Økern; Siqveland, Torill Sundet; Nygaard, Egil; Bjørnebekk, Astrid; Slinning, Kari; Wentzel-Larsen, Tore; Walhovd, Kristine B; Smith, Lars & Moe, Vibeke (2018). Cognitive and socioemotional functioning at 4½ years in children born to mothers who have received treatment for substance-abuse problems while pregnant. Infant Mental Health Journal.  ISSN 0163-9641.  39(5), s 581- 594 . doi: 10.1002/imhj.21733 Full text in Research Archive.
• Krogsrud, Stine Kleppe; Fjell, Anders Martin; Tamnes, Christian Krog; Grydeland, Håkon; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Bjørnerud, Atle; Sampaio-Baptista, Cassandra; Andersson, Jesper; Johansen-Berg, Heidi & Walhovd, Kristine B (2018). Development of white matter microstructure in relation to verbal and visuospatial working memory - A longitudinal study. PLOS ONE.  ISSN 1932-6203.  13:e0195540(4), s 1- 22 . doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195540 Full text in Research Archive.
• Langnes, Espen; Vidal-Piñeiro, Didac; Sneve, Markus Handal; Amlien, Inge Kasbohm; Walhovd, Kristine B & Fjell, Anders Martin (2018). Development and decline of the hippocampal long-axis specialization and differentiation during encoding and retrieval of episodic memories. Cerebral Cortex.  ISSN 1047-3211.  s 1- 17 . doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhy209 Full text in Research Archive.
• Nyberg, Claudia Kim; Nordvik, Jan Egil; Becker, Frank; Rohani, Darius; Sederevicius, Donatas; Fjell, Anders Martin & Walhovd, Kristine B (2018). A longitudinal study of computerized cognitive training in stroke patients - effects on cognitive function and white matter. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation.  ISSN 1074-9357.  25(4), s 241- 247 . doi: 10.1080/10749357.2018.1443570 Full text in Research Archive.
• Nygaard, Egil; Slinning, Kari; Moe, Vibeke; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Fjell, Anders Martin & Walhovd, Kristine B (2018). Neuroanatomical characteristics of youths with prenatal opioid and poly-drug exposure. Neurotoxicology and Teratology.  ISSN 0892-0362.  68, s 13- 26 . doi: 10.1016/j.ntt.2018.04.004 Full text in Research Archive.
• Skumlien, Martine; Sederevicius, Donatas; Fjell, Anders Martin; Walhovd, Kristine B & Westerhausen, Rene (2018). Parallel but independent reduction of emotional awareness and corpus callosum connectivity in older age. PLOS ONE.  ISSN 1932-6203.  13(12), s 1- 18 . doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209915 Full text in Research Archive.
• Tamnes, Christian Krog; Øverbye, Knut; Ferschmann, Lia; Fjell, Anders Martin; Walhovd, Kristine B; Blakemore, Sarah-Jayne & Dumontheil, Iroise (2018). Social perspective taking is associated with self-reported prosocial behavior and regional cortical thickness across adolescence. Developmental Psychology.  ISSN 0012-1649.  54(9), s 1745- 1757 . doi: 10.1037/dev0000541 Full text in Research Archive.
• Walhovd, Kristine B; Fjell, Anders Martin; Westerhausen, René; Nyberg, L; Ebmeier, K P; Lindenberger, U; Bartres-Faz, D; Baare, W F C; Siebner, H R; Henson, R; Drevon, C A; Knudsen, Gun Peggy S.; Ljøsne, Isabelle Budin; Penninx, B W J H; Ghisletta, P; Røgeberg, Ole; Tyler, L & Bertram, L (2018). Healthy minds 0-100 years: Optimising the use of European brain imaging cohorts ("Lifebrain"). European psychiatry.  ISSN 0924-9338.  50, s 47- 56 . doi: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.12.006 Full text in Research Archive.
• Øverbye, Knut; Huster, Rene; Walhovd, Kristine B; Fjell, Anders Martin & Tamnes, Christian Krog (2018). Development of the P300 from childhood to adulthood: a multimodal EEG and MRI study. Brain Structure and Function.  ISSN 1863-2653.  223, s 4337- 4349 . doi: 10.1007/s00429-018-1755-5
• de Lange, Ann-Marie Glasø; Bråthen, Anne Cecilie Sjøli; Rohani, Darius; Grydeland, Håkon; Fjell, Anders Martin & Walhovd, Kristine B (2017). The Effects of Memory Training on Behavioral and Microstructural Plasticity in Young and Older Adults. Human Brain Mapping.  ISSN 1065-9471.  38(11), s 5666- 5680 . doi: 10.1002/hbm.23756 Full text in Research Archive.
• Fjell, Anders Martin; Idland, Ane-Victoria; Sala Llonch, Roser; Watne, Leiv Otto; Borza, Tom; Brækhus, Anne; Lona, Tarjei; Zetterberg, Henrik; Blennow, Kaj; Wyller, Torgeir Bruun & Walhovd, Kristine B (2017). Neuroinflammation and tau interact with amyloid in predicting sleep problems in aging independently of atrophy. Cerebral Cortex.  ISSN 1047-3211.  28(8), s 2775- 2785 . doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhx157
• Fjell, Anders Martin; Sneve, Markus Handal; Grydeland, Håkon; Storsve, Andreas Berg; Amlien, Inge Kasbohm; Yendiki, Anastasia & Walhovd, Kristine B (2017). Relationship between structural and functional connectivity change across the lifespan – a longitudinal investigation. Human Brain Mapping.  ISSN 1065-9471.  38(1), s 561- 573 . doi: 10.1002/hbm.23403 Full text in Research Archive.
• Idland, Ane-Victoria; Roser, Sala-Llonch; Borza, Tom; Watne, Leiv Otto; Wyller, Torgeir Bruun; Brækhus, Anne; Zetterberg, Henrik; Blennow, Kaj; Walhovd, Kristine B & Fjell, Anders Martin (2017). CSF neurofilament light levels predict hippocampal atrophy in cognitively healthy older adults. Neurobiology of Aging.  ISSN 0197-4580.  49, s 138- 144 . doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.09.012 Full text in Research Archive.
• Nygaard, Egil; Slinning, Kari; Moe, Vibeke & Walhovd, Kristine B (2017). Cognitive function of youths born to mothers with opioid and poly-substance abuse problems during pregnancy. Child Neuropsychology: A Journal of Normal and Abnormal Development in Childhood and Adolescence.  ISSN 0929-7049.  23(2), s 159- 187 . doi: 10.1080/09297049.2015.1092509 Full text in Research Archive.
• Sala Llonch, Roser; Idland, Ane-Victoria; Borza, Tom; Watne, Leiv Otto; Wyller, Torgeir Bruun; Brækhus, Anne; Zetterberg, Henrik; Blennow, Kaj; Walhovd, Kristine B & Fjell, Anders Martin (2017). Inflammation, Amyloid, and Atrophy in The Aging Brain: Relationships with Longitudinal Changes in Cognition. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease.  ISSN 1387-2877.  58(3), s 829- 840 . doi: 10.3233/JAD-161146 Show summary

  Amyloid deposition occurs in aging, even in individuals free from cognitive symptoms, and is often interpreted as preclinical Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathophysiology. YKL-40 is a marker of neuroinflammation, being increased in AD, and hypothesized to interact with amyloid-β (Aβ) in causing cognitive decline early in the cascade of AD pathophysiology. Whether and how Aβ and YKL-40 affect brain and cognitive changes in cognitively healthy older adults is still unknown. We studied 89 participants (mean age: 73.1 years) with cerebrospinal fluid samples at baseline, and both MRI and cognitive assessments from two time-points separated by two years. We tested how baseline levels of Aβ42 and YKL-40 correlated with changes in cortical thickness and cognition. Thickness change correlated with Aβ42 only in Aβ42+ participants (<600 pg/mL, n = 27) in the left motor and premotor cortices. Aβ42 was unrelated to cognitive change. Increased YKL-40 was associated with less preservation of scores on the animal naming test in the total sample (r = –0.28, p = 0.012) and less preservation of a score reflecting global cognitive function for Aβ42+ participants (r = –0.58, p = 0.004). Our results suggest a role for inflammation in brain atrophy and cognitive changes in cognitively normal older adults, which partly depended on Aβ accumulation.

• Sneve, Markus Handal; Grydeland, Håkon; Amlien, Inge Kasbohm; Langnes, Espen; Walhovd, Kristine B & Fjell, Anders Martin (2017). Decoupling of large-scale brain networks supports the consolidation of durable episodic memories. NeuroImage.  ISSN 1053-8119.  153, s 336- 345 . doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.05.048 Full text in Research Archive.
• Vidal-Piñeiro, Didac; Sneve, Markus Handal; Storsve, Andreas Berg; Roe, James Michael; Walhovd, Kristine B & Fjell, Anders Martin (2017). Neural correlates of durable memories across the adult lifespan: brain activity at encoding and retrieval. Neurobiology of Aging.  ISSN 0197-4580.  60, s 20- 33 . doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.08.017 Full text in Research Archive.
• Westerhausen, Rene; Friesen, Charline-Marie; Rohani, Darius; Krogsrud, Stine Kleppe; Tamnes, Christian Krog; Skranes, Jon Sverre; Håberg, Asta; Fjell, Anders Martin & Walhovd, Kristine B (2017). The corpus callosum as anatomical marker of intelligence? A critical examination in a large-scale developmental study. Brain Structure and Function.  ISSN 1863-2653.  223, s 285- 296 . doi: 10.1007/s00429-017-1493-0 Full text in Research Archive.
• Almaas, Astrid; Tamnes, Christian Krog; Nakstad, Britt; Henriksen, Christine; Grydeland, Håkon; Walhovd, Kristine B; Fjell, Anders Martin; Iversen, Per Ole & Drevon, Christian A (2016). Diffusion tensor imaging and behavior in premature infants at 8 years of age, a randomized controlled trial with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Early Human Development.  ISSN 0378-3782.  95, s 41- 46 . doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2016.01.021
• Amlien, Inge; Fjell, Anders Martin; Tamnes, Christian Krog; Grydeland, Håkon; Krogsrud, Stine Kleppe; Chaplin, Tristan A.; Rosa, Marcello G.P. & Walhovd, Kristine B (2016). Organizing Principles of Human Cortical Development - Thickness and Area from 4 to 30 Years: Insights from Comparative Primate Neuroanatomy. Cerebral Cortex.  ISSN 1047-3211.  26(1), s 257- 267 . doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhu214
• Chepkoech, Joy-Loi; Walhovd, Kristine B; Grydeland, Håkon & Fjell, Anders Martin (2016). Effects of change in FreeSurfer version on classification accuracy of patients with Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Human Brain Mapping.  ISSN 1065-9471.  37(5), s 1831- 1841 . doi: 10.1002/hbm.23139
• de Lange, Ann-Marie Glasø; Bråthen, Anne Cecilie Sjøli; Grydeland, Håkon; Sexton, Claire; Johansen-Berg, Heidi; Andersson, Jesper L.R.; Rohani, Darius; Nyberg, Lars; Fjell, Anders Martin & Walhovd, Kristine B (2016). White-matter integrity as a marker for cognitive plasticity in aging. Neurobiology of Aging.  ISSN 0197-4580.  47, s 74- 82 . doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.07.007
• Fjell, Anders Martin; Sneve, Markus Handal; Grydeland, Håkon; Storsve, Andreas Berg & Walhovd, Kristine B (2016). The Disconnected Brain and Executive Function Decline in Aging. Cerebral Cortex.  ISSN 1047-3211. . doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhw082 Full text in Research Archive.
• Fjell, Anders Martin; Sneve, Markus Handal; Storsve, Andreas Berg; Grydeland, Håkon; Yendiki, Anastasia & Walhovd, Kristine B (2016). Brain Events Underlying Episodic Memory Changes in Aging: A Longitudinal Investigation of Structural and Functional Connectivity. Cerebral Cortex.  ISSN 1047-3211.  26(3), s 1272- 1286 . doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhv102 Full text in Research Archive.
• Grydeland, Håkon; Westlye, Lars Tjelta; Walhovd, Kristine B & Fjell, Anders Martin (2016). Intracortical Posterior Cingulate Myelin Content Relates to Error Processing – Results From T1- and T2-weighted MRI Myelin Mapping and Electrophysiology in Healthy Adults. Cerebral Cortex.  ISSN 1047-3211.  26(6), s 2402- 2410 . doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhv065 Full text in Research Archive.
• Krogsrud, Stine Kleppe; Fjell, Anders Martin; Tamnes, Christian Krog; Grydeland, Håkon; Ferschmann, Lia; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Bjørnerud, Atle; Sampaio-Baptista, Cassandra; Andersson, Jesper; Johansen-Berg, Heidi & Walhovd, Kristine B (2016). Changes in white matter microstructure in the developing brain - A longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging study of children from 4 to 11years of age. NeuroImage.  ISSN 1053-8119.  124, s 473- 486 . doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.09.017
• Nygaard, Egil; Slinning, Kari; Moe, Vibeke & Walhovd, Kristine B (2016). Behavior and attention problems in eight- year-old children with prenatal opiate and poly-substance exposure: A longitudinal study. PLOS ONE.  ISSN 1932-6203.  11(6) . doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158054 Full text in Research Archive.
• Piñeiro, Didac Vidal; Walhovd, Kristine B; Storsve, Andreas Berg; Grydeland, Håkon; Rohani, Darius Adam & Fjell, Anders Martin (2016). Accelerated longitudinal gray/white matter contrast decline in aging in lightly myelinated cortical regions. Human Brain Mapping.  ISSN 1065-9471.  37(10), s 3669- 3684 . doi: 10.1002/hbm.23267 Full text in Research Archive.
• Storsve, Andreas Berg; Fjell, Anders Martin; Yendiki, Anastasia & Walhovd, Kristine B (2016). Longitudinal changes in white matter tract integrity across the adult lifespan and its relation to cortical thinning. PLOS ONE.  ISSN 1932-6203.  11(6) . doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156770 Full text in Research Archive.
• Walhovd, Kristine B; Fjell, Anders Martin; Giedd, J; Dale, AM & Brown, Timothy T. (2016). Through thick and thin: A need to reconcile contradictory results on trajectories in human cortical development. Cerebral Cortex.  ISSN 1047-3211. . doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhv301 Full text in Research Archive.
• Walhovd, Kristine B; Krogsrud, Stine Kleppe; Amlien, Inge Kasbohm; Bartsch, Hauke; Bjørnerud, Atle; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Grydeland, Håkon; Hagler, D.; Håberg, Asta; Kremen, William S.; Ferschmann, Lia; Nyberg, Lars; Panizzon, Matthew S; Rohani, Darius; Skranes, Jon Sverre; Storsve, Andreas Berg; Sølsnes, Anne Elisabeth; Tamnes, Christian Krog; Thompson, Wesley K.; Reuter, Chase; Dale, Anders & Fjell, Anders Martin (2016). Neurodevelopmental origins of lifespan changes in brain and cognition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.  ISSN 0027-8424.  113(33), s 9357- 9362 . doi: 10.1073/pnas.1524259113 Full text in Research Archive.
• Walhovd, Kristine B; Westerhausen, Rene; de Lange, Ann-Marie Glasø; Bråthen, Anne Cecilie Sjøli; Grydeland, Håkon; Engvig, Andreas & Fjell, Anders Martin (2016). Premises of plasticity - And the loneliness of the medial temporal lobe. NeuroImage.  ISSN 1053-8119.  131, s 48- 54 . doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.10.060 Full text in Research Archive.
• Westerhausen, Rene; Fjell, Anders Martin; Krogsrud, Stine Kleppe; Rohani, Darius Adam; Skranes, Jon Sverre; Håberg, Asta & Walhovd, Kristine B (2016). Selective increase in posterior corpus callosum thickness between the age of 4 and 11 years. NeuroImage.  ISSN 1053-8119.  139, s 17- 25 . doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.06.008
• Almaas, Astrid; Tamnes, Christian Krog; Nakstad, Britt; Henriksen, Christine; Walhovd, Kristine B; Fjell, Anders Martin; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Drevon, Christian A & Iversen, Per Ole (2015). Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and cognition in VLBW infants at 8 years: An RCT. Pediatrics.  ISSN 0031-4005.  135(6), s 972- 980 . doi: 10.1542/peds.2014-4094
• Fjell, Anders Martin; Amlien, Inge; Sneve, Markus Handal; Grydeland, Håkon; Tamnes, Christian Krog; Chaplin, Tristan; Rosa, Marcello & Walhovd, Kristine B (2015). The roots of Alzheimer's disease: Are high-expanding cortical areas preferentially targeted?. Cerebral Cortex.  ISSN 1047-3211.  25(9), s 2556- 2565 . doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhu055 Full text in Research Archive.
• Fjell, Anders Martin; Grydeland, Håkon; Krogsrud, Stine Kleppe; Amlien, Inge Kasbohm; Rohani, Darius Adam; Ferschmann, Lia; Storsve, Andreas Berg; Tamnes, Christian Krog; Sala Llonch, Roser; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Bjørnerud, Atle; Sølsnes, Anne Elisabeth; Håberg, Asta; Skranes, Jon Sverre; Bartsch, Hauke; Chen, Chi-Hua; Thompson, Wesley K.; Panizzon, Matthew S.; Kremen, William S.; Dale, Anders M. & Walhovd, Kristine B (2015). Development and aging of cortical thickness correspond to genetic organization patterns. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.  ISSN 0027-8424.  112(50), s 15462- 15467 . doi: 10.1073/pnas.1508831112 Full text in Research Archive. Show summary

  There is a growing realization that early life influences have lasting impact on brain function and structure. Recent research has demon- strated that genetic relationships in adults can be used to parcellate the cortex into regions of maximal shared genetic influence, and a major hypothesis is that genetically progr ammed neurodevel opmental events cause a lasting impact on the organization of the cerebral cortex observable decades later. Here we tested how developmental and lifespan changes in cortical thickness fit the underlying genetic organi- zational principles of co rtical thickness in a longitudinal sample of 974 participants between 4.1 and 88.5 y of age with a total of 1,633 scans, including 773 scans from children below 12 y. Genetic clustering of cortical thickness was based on an independent dataset of 406 adult twins. Developmental and adult age- related changes in cortical thick- ness followed closely the genetic organization of the cerebral cortex, with change rates varying as a functi on of genetic similarity between regions. Cortical regions with overlapping genetic architecture showed correlated development al and adult age change trajectories and vice versa for regions with low genetic overlap. Thus, effects of genes on regional variations in cortical thickness in middle age can be traced to regional differences in neurodevelopmental change rates and extrap- olated to further adult aging-related cortical thinning. This finding suggests that genetic factors contribute to cortical changes through life and calls for a lifespan perspective i n research aimed at identifying the genetic and environmental determinants of cortical development and aging.

• Fjell, Anders Martin; Sneve, Markus Handal; Grydeland, Håkon; Storsve, Andreas Berg; de Lange, Ann-Marie Glasø; Amlien, Inge Kasbohm; Røgeberg, Ole & Walhovd, Kristine B (2015). Functional connectivity change across multiple cortical networks relates to episodic memory changes in aging. Neurobiology of Aging.  ISSN 0197-4580.  36(12), s 3255- 3268 . doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.08.020 Full text in Research Archive.
• Fjell, Anders Martin; Westlye, Lars Tjelta; Amlien, Inge; Tamnes, Christian Krog; Grydeland, Håkon; Engvig, Andreas; Espeseth, Thomas; Reinvang, Ivar; Lundervold, Astri; Lundervold, Arvid & Walhovd, Kristine B (2015). High-expanding cortical regions in human development and evolution are related to higher intellectual abilities. Cerebral Cortex.  ISSN 1047-3211.  25, s 26- 34 . doi: 10.1093/cercor/bht201 Full text in Research Archive.
• Jack, Clifford R.; Barnes, Josephine; Bernstein, Matt A.; Borowski, Bret J.; Brewer, James; Clegg, Shona; Dale, Anders M.; Carmichael, Owen; Ching, Christopher; DeCarli, Charles; Desikan, Rahul S.; Fennema-Notestine, Christine; Fjell, Anders Martin; Fletcher, Evan; Fox, Nick C.; Gunter, Jeff; Gutman, Boris A.; Holland, Dominic; Hua, Xue; Insel, Philip; Kantarci, Kejal; Killiany, Ron J.; Krueger, Gunnar; Leung, Kelvin K.; Mackin, Scott; Maillard, Pauline; Malone, Ian B.; Mattsson, Niklas; McEvoy, Linda; Modat, Marc; Mueller, Susanne; Nosheny, Rachel; Ourselin, Sebastien; Schuff, Norbert; Senjem, Matthew L.; Simonson, Alix; Thompson, Paul M.; Rettmann, Dan; Vemuri, Prashanthi; Walhovd, Kristine B; Zhao, Yansong; Zuk, Samantha & Weiner, Michael (2015). Magnetic resonance imaging in Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 2. Alzheimer's & Dementia.  ISSN 1552-5260.  11(7), s 740- 756 . doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2015.05.002
• Kanellopoulos, Adriani; Andersson, Stein; Zeller, Bernward; Tamnes, Christian Krog; Fjell, Anders Martin; Walhovd, Kristine B; Westlye, Lars Tjelta; Fosså, Sophie Dorothea & Ruud, Ellen (2015). Neurocognitive Outcome in Very Long-Term Survivors of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia After Treatment with Chemotherapy Only. Pediatric Blood & Cancer.  ISSN 1545-5009.  63(1), s 133- 138 . doi: 10.1002/pbc.25690
• Nygaard, Egil; Moe, Vibeke; Slinning, Kari & Walhovd, Kristine B (2015). Longitudinal cognitive development of children born to mothers with opioid and polysubstance use. Pediatric Research.  ISSN 0031-3998.  78(3), s 330- 335 . doi: 10.1038/pr.2015.95
• Nygaard, Gro Owren; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; de Rodez Benavent, Sigrid Aune; Sowa, Piotr; Gustavsen, Marte Wendel; Fjell, Anders Martin; Landrø, Nils Inge; Walhovd, Kristine B & Harbo, Hanne Flinstad (2015). A longitudinal study of disability, cognition and gray matter atrophy in early multiple sclerosis patients according to evidence of disease activity. PLOS ONE.  ISSN 1932-6203.  10(8) . doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135974 Full text in Research Archive.
• Nygaard, Gro Owren; Walhovd, Kristine B; Sowa, Piotr; Chepkoech, Joy-Loi; Bjørnerud, Atle; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Landrø, Nils Inge; Damangir, Soheil; Spulber, Gabriela; Storsve, Andreas Berg; Kristiansen Beyer, Mona; Fjell, Anders Martin; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen & Harbo, Hanne Flinstad (2015). Cortical thickness and surface area relate to specific symptoms in early relapsing−remitting multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis.  ISSN 1352-4585.  21(4), s 402- 414 . doi: 10.1177/1352458514543811
• Sneve, Markus Handal; Grydeland, Håkon; Nyberg, Lars; Bowles, Ben; Amlien, Inge Kasbohm; Langnes, Espen; Walhovd, Kristine B & Fjell, Anders Martin (2015). Mechanisms underlying encoding of short-lived versus durable episodic memories. Journal of Neuroscience.  ISSN 0270-6474.  35(13), s 5202- 5212 . doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4434-14.2015 Full text in Research Archive.
• Tamnes, Christian Krog; Zeller, Bernward; Amlien, Inge; Kanellopoulos, Adriani; Andersson, Stein; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Ruud, Ellen; Walhovd, Kristine B & Fjell, Anders Martin (2015). Cortical surface area and thickness in adult survivors of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatric Blood & Cancer.  ISSN 1545-5009.  62(6), s 1027- 1034 . doi: 10.1002/pbc.25386
• Walhovd, Kristine B; Bjørnebekk, Astrid; Haabrekke, Kristin Johanne; Siqveland, Torill; Slinning, Kari; Nygaard, Egil; Fjell, Anders Martin; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Bjørnerud, Atle & Moe, Vibeke (2015). Child Neuroanatomical, Neurocognitive, and Visual Acuity Outcomes With Maternal Opioid and Polysubstance Detoxification. Pediatric Neurology.  ISSN 0887-8994.  52(3), s 326- 332.e3 . doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2014.11.008
• Walhovd, Kristine B; Tamnes, Christian Krog; Bjørnerud, Atle; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Holland, Dominic; Dale, Anders M. & Fjell, Anders Martin (2015). Maturation of Cortico-Subcortical Structural Networks - Segregation and Overlap of Medial Temporal and Fronto-Striatal Systems in Development. Cerebral Cortex.  ISSN 1047-3211.  25(7), s 1835- 1841 . doi: 10.1093/cercor/bht424

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• Thomas, Ayanna K.; Walhovd, Kristine B & Fjell, Anders Martin (2020). The Cambridge Handbook of Cognitive Aging. Cambridge University Press.  ISBN 9781108552684.  780 s.

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• Nygaard, Egil; Slinning, Kari; Moe, Vibeke & Walhovd, Kristine B (2017). Hvordan går det med ungdom som ble født av mødre med blandingsmisbruk under svangerskapet?.
• Nygaard, Egil; Slinning, Kari; Moe, Vibeke & Walhovd, Kristine B (2017). Hvordan går det med ungdom som ble født av mødre med blandingsmisbruk under svangerskapet?.
• Nygaard, Egil; Slinning, Kari; Moe, Vibeke & Walhovd, Kristine B (2017). Neurocognitive differences and mental health after prenatal opiate and polysubstance exposure.
• Nygaard, Egil; Slinning, Kari; Moe, Vibeke & Walhovd, Kristine B (2016). Kognitiv utvikling fra 1 år til ungdomsalder hos personer født av mødre med opiat– eller blandingsmisbruk under svangerskapet.
• Slinning, Kari; Nygaard, Egil & Walhovd, Kristine B (2016). Barn og unge av mødre med rusproblemer. Hvordan går det med dem? Resultater fra 20 år med oppfølging.
• Nygaard, Egil; Walhovd, Kristine B; Slinning, Kari & Moe, Vibeke (2015). Hvordan går det med ungdom som ble utsatt for mødres opioid-og/eller blandingsmisbruk før de ble født?.
• Nygaard, Egil; Walhovd, Kristine B; Slinning, Kari & Moe, Vibeke (2015). Hvordan går det med ungdom som ble utsatt for mødres opioid-og/eller blandingsmisbruk før de ble født?.
• Tamnes, Christian Krog; Krogsrud, Stine Kleppe; Fjell, Anders Martin & Walhovd, Kristine B (2015). Regional development of hippocampal subfield volumes and its associations with cognition and memory.

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