Heidi Østbø Haugen

Fagfellevurderte artikler og bokkapitler

Haugen, H. Ø. & Wang Bingyu eds. (2025) Handbook on Migration to China. Cheltenham, Edward Elgar. 

Haugen, H. Ø. (2025). From Political Resource to Political Liability? International Student Mobilization in China. PS: Political Science & Politics 58 (3): 550-555.

Haugen, H. Ø. & Wang Bingyu (2025) Introduction to Handbook on Migration to China. In Haugen, H. Ø. & Wang Bingyu (eds.)  Handbook on Migration to China. Cheltenham, Edward Elgar, 1–22.

Haugen, H. Ø. (2025)  Involuntary immobility in migration to China. In Haugen, H. Ø. & Wang Bingyu (eds.)  Handbook on Migration to China. Cheltenham, Edward Elgar, 369–385.

Tjønndal, A., & Haugen, H. Ø. (2024) Care as a strategy to navigate political tensions within the China–Norway sports coaching collaboration. International Review for the Sociology of Sport (online first). https://doi.org/10.1177/10126902241247579

Haugen H. Ø. and Obeng M.K.M. (2024) Supply-chain Disruptions under COVID: A Window of Opportunity for Local Producers? Forum for Development Studies, 51(1), 165–187.

Haugen, H. Ø. (2024) Yuko Aoyama: Curiosity as Method. In: Contemporary Economic Geographies. Inspiring, Critical and Plural Perspectives. Bristol University Press 2024 ISBN 978-1529220568. pp. 89-100.

Haugen, H. Ø. & A. Tjønndal (2023). Winter Olympic Dreams and Foreign Friends. Made in China Journal. ISSN 2206-9119. 8(1), p. 62–67.

Haugen, H. Ø. and Huang, Guangzhi (2023) Becoming sanfei: the irregularization of foreign migrants in China. In Research Handbook on Irregular Migration, 238-48. Edward Elgar Publishing.

Braun, L. N. & Haugen, H. Ø. (2023) The Weight Women Carry: Research on the Visible and Invisible Baggage in Suitcase Trade between China and Africa, The Professional Geographer, 75 (1), 138-144.

Haugen, H. Ø. (2022). The Love Child and the State: Transnational Family Formation in Guangzhou, NAN NÜ, 24(1), 134-160.

Ma, Xinrong & Haugen, H. Ø. (2022): How ethnicity matters in labour studies: harnessing ethnic marginality in Chinese manufacturing, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 48:19, 4712-4729.

Haugen, H. Ø. & Speelman, T. China’s Rapid Development Has Transformed Its Migration Trends, Migration Information Source, January 28, 2022.

Haugen, H. Ø. & Skilbrei, M.-L. (2021) Håndbok i forskningsetikk og databehandling, Oslo, Fagbokforlaget.

Haugen, H. Ø. (2021) 'Leaving on a strong passport: State protection of Chinese workers in Africa and beyond', International Migration, 59, 255-58.

Haugen, H. Ø., & Lehmann, A. (2020). Adverse articulation: Third countries in China–Australia student migration during COVID-19. Dialogues in Human Geography, 10 (2), 169–173. 

Carling, Jørgen, and Heidi Østbø Haugen (2020) Circumstantial migration: how Gambian journeys to China enrich migration theory. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies:1-18. doi: 10.1080/1369183X.2020.1739385.

Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2019) The social production of container space. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 37(5):868-885. 

Dong, Niu & Heidi Østbø Haugen (2019) Social workers in China: Professional identity in the making. British Journal of Social Work, 49(7):1932-1949. Free access link.

Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2018) The unmaking of a commodity: Intermediation and the entanglement of power cables in Nigeria. Environment and Planning A, 50(6): 1295-1313.

Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2018) China‒Africa exports: Governance through mobility and sojourning. Journal of Contemporary Asia 49(2):294-312.

Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2018) Residence Registration in China’s Immigration Control: Africans in Guangzhou. In Lehmann, A. & P. Leonard Destination China. Immigration to China in the Post-Reform Era. Palgrave Macmillan: Heidelberg: pp. 45-64.

Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2018) Petty commodities, serious business: The governance of fashion jewelry chains between China and Ghana. Global Networks, 18(2):307-325.

Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2018) From Pioneers to Professionals: African Brokers in a Maturing Chinese Marketplace. African Studies Quarterly, 17(4): 45-62.

Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2017) Sending Forth the Best: African Missions in China. In Hodgson, D.L. & J. Byfield (eds.) Global Africa. University of California Press, Oakland: 183-192.

Haugen, H.Ø. & A. Tollefsen (2017) Samfunnsgeografiske metoder. In Lier, D.J. (ed.) Samfunnsgeografi. En innføring. Cappelen Damm, Oslo: 63-72.

Knutsen, H.M. & Haugen, H.Ø. Utvikling i globale verdikjeder og produksjonsnettverk. In Lier, D.J. (ed.) Samfunnsgeografi. En innføring. Cappelen Damm, Oslo: 95-108.

Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2017) Prospective moments, eternal salvation: The production of hope in Nigerian Pentecostal churches in China. In Kleist, N and D Thorsen (eds) Hope and Uncertainty in Contemporary African Migration. New York: Routledge: 94-112.

Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2015) ‘Destination China: The Country Adjusts to its New Migration Reality’. Migration Information Source, March 4.

Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2014) 'Take Over Asia for God!’: The Public Face of African Pentecostal Churches in China. In Adogame, Afe (ed) The Public Face of African New Religious Movements in Diaspora. Imagining the Religious 'Other'. Ashgate, Surrey: 105-124. ISBN: 978-1-4724-2010-7

Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2013) 'African Pentecostal Migrants in China: Marginalization and the Alternative Geography of a Mission Theology'. African Studies Review 56(1):81-102. Full text (pdf). Reprinted with the permission of ©African Studies Association (original link).

Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2013) ‘China’s recruitment of African university students: Policy efficacy and unintended outcomes’. Globalisation, Societies and Education, 11(3): pp 315-334. Link.

Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2012). ‘Nigerians in China: A Second State of Immobility’. International Migration 50(2): pp 65-80. (Free online access within institutions in the developing world through the OARE initiative).

Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2012). Hvorfor er Kina i Afrika? In Torgeir E. Sæveraas (ed.) Etter Afghanistan - Ny strategisk virkelighet? Luftkrigsskolens skriftserie vol. 25. Tapir Akademisk forlag, pp 69-80. ISBN 9788251928717. 

Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2011). Chinese Exports to Africa: Competition, Complementarity and Cooperation between Micro-Level Actors. Forum for Development Studies 38(2), pp 157-176 . Full text.

Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2008). “A Very Natural Choice”: The Construction of Beijing as an Olympic City during the Bid Period. In Monroe, Price & Daniel, Dayan (ed.),  Owning the Olympics: Narratives of the new China.  University of Michigan Press.  ISBN 978-047-207-0329.  Chapter 5,  pp 145-162.

Haugen, Heidi Østbø & Carling, Jørgen (2008). Mixed fates of a popular minority: Chinese migrants in Cape Verde. In Chris, Alden; Ricardo, Soares de Oliveira & Daniel, Large (ed.), China Returns to Africa: A rising power and a Continent Embrace.  C. Hurst & Co. ISBN 978-1850658863.  Chapter 16,  pp 319 - 338

Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2005). Time and Space in Beijing’s Olympic Bid. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift 59(3), pp 217- 227

Haugen, Heidi Østbø & Carling, Jørgen (2005). On the edge of the Chinese diaspora: The surge of baihuo business in an African city , Vol. 28, No. 4 July 2005 pp. 639-662.. Ethnic and Racial Studies 28(4), pp 639- 662

Oversatte arbeider

Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2016) 尼日利亚人在中国:第二次固定性状态 (Nigerians in China: A Second State of Immobility). Li Zhigang (ed.) 广州国际移民区的社会空间景观 (The social landscape of Guangzhou’s immigrant neighborhoods). Guangzhou: Southeast University Press (Revised and translated version of my article in International Migration.)

Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2016) Migrants pentecôtistes africaines en Chine: la marginalisation et d'autres géographies d'une théologie de la mission In : N. Khouri and D. Malaquais, eds. Afrique-Asie. Arts, espaces, pratiques. Rouen: Presses Universitaires de Rouen et du Havre, pp 127-144. (Translated version of my article in African Studies Review.)

Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2016) Il reclutamento degli studenti universitari africani verso la Cina. In Mondo Cinese. 158(1):171-182. (Revised and translated version of my article in Globalisation, Societies, and Education.)

Haugen, Heidi Østbø & Jørgen Calring (2016) Sie wagen und gewinnen. Chinesische Händler in Afrika”. Der Überblick (Germany). 41(4): 19–23. (Revised and translated version of my co-authored article in Ethnic and Racial Studies.)

Bokanmeldelser

Alpes, Maybritt Jill (2017) "Brokering High-Risk Migration and Illegality in West Africa: Abroad at Any Cost". New York: Routledge. Book note in Journal of Peace Research (2017). Lenke.

Wyatt, Don J. (2009) "The Blacks of Premodern China (Encounters with Asia)". Philadeplhia: University of Pennsylvania Press. Book review in Journal of Asian and African Studies (2011) 46(6) pp 691-692. Lenke.

Marshall, Ruth (2009) "Political Spiritualities: The Pentecostal Revolution in Nigeria". Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Book note in Journal of Peace Research (2011)  48(5) pp. 686-686. Lenke.

Brautigam, Deborah (2009) "The Dragon’s Gift: The Real Story of China in Africa". Oxford: Oxford University Press. Book note in Journal of Peace Research (2010) 47(4) pp. 512-512. Lenke.

• Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2025). From Political Resource to Political Liability? International Student Mobilization in China. PS: Political Science and Politics. ISSN 1049-0965. 58(3), s. 550–555. doi: 10.1017/S1049096524001094. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Speelman, Tabitha & Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2025). Immigration policymaking in China: a tool for development, Handbook on Migration to China. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISSN 9781035332694. s. 23–37. doi: 10.4337/9781035332700.00008. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  In this post-1979 reform era, the Chinese government has managed migration by focusing on supporting the country's development. Still, international mobility has retained an ambiguous position in the nation-building project, which has been defined around China's self-sufficiency. Because of lingering political sensitivity around international mobility, legal and institutional frameworks for managing migration have lagged. For immigrants and returning migrants, there has been a narrow focus on migration's economic benefits, while broader questions of integration and societal diversity remain unaddressed. Pathways for permanent residence remain extremely limited. Despite China's looming demographic crisis, there is also little long-term planning for future immigration that might be needed to offset the consequences of population ageing. This chapter provides an outline of trends in Chinese immigration policy and policies towards foreigners living within its borders, with a focus on developments after 1979.

• Haugen, Heidi Østbø & Wang, Bingyu (2025). Introduction to Handbook of migration to China, Handbook on Migration to China. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISSN 9781035332694. s. 1–21. doi: 10.4337/9781035332700.00006. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Over the past four decades, China has become a key global migration destination, attracting individuals from diverse backgrounds with varying motivations. From skilled professionals seeking career advancement to labour migrants engaged in factory work and transnational trade, as well as retirees looking for a comfortable lifestyle and diplomats navigating geopolitical relations, migration to China has evolved alongside the country's economic and political changes. This introductory chapter explores these shifting migration patterns, placing them within the broader context of global migration and China's changing role as both a receiving and sending country for migrants. It highlights how China's immigration system has adapted to new realities by categorising and regulating migrant flows, aligning with international standards while maintaining its unique national priorities. Policies such as the Exit and Entry Administration Law reflect China's increasing integration into the global economy and the state's selective approach to attracting high-level talent while managing broader migration challenges. At the same time, the experiences of migrants in China reveal tensions between official classifications and social realities, as notions of identity, belonging, and integration continue to develop.

• Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2025). Involuntary immobility in migration to China, Handbook on Migration to China. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISSN 9781035332694. s. 367–382. doi: 10.4337/9781035332700.00037. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  China, which is an increasingly significant hub in the international migration order, occupies a central place in the global landscape of involuntary immobility. This chapter reviews the literature on migration-related immobility and explores how immobility unfolds in four phases in migration journeys to China. The first phase concerns the processes of entry and re-entry into China. The second phase, termed a “second state of immobility”, arises when migrants, facing visa overstays or threats to their legal status, experience restricted mobility within China. The third phase regards barriers to exit, a significant aspect of migration management in China. Finally, the fourth phase is to do with incarceration for migration-related offences and deportation. While migrants may not experience these phases sequentially, new forms of spatial entrapment are often shaped by prior experiences of immobility.

• Haugen, Heidi Østbø & Obeng, Mark Kwaku Mensah (2024). Supply-chain Disruptions under COVID: A Window of Opportunity for Local Producers? Forum for Development Studies. ISSN 0803-9410. s. 165–187. doi: 10.1080/08039410.2024.2302999. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Chinese imports replace locally manufactured products in developing countries. The import of consumer goods from China to West Africa is closely linked to commercial travel, and China’s border restrictions during the Covid outbreak put a near-halt to such travelling. Furthermore, the pandemic caused a global logistics crisis that disrupted supply chains with production in China. This paper asks whether Ghanaian manufacturers and artisanal producers could take advantage of these disruptions to enhance their competitive position. Did China’s border closure provide space for local Ghanaian producers to thrive? We address this question by drawing on data collected among Ghanaian plastic manufacturers and furniture makers, who have faced tough competition from Chinese imports. Our analysis shows that supply chain disruptions from China led to the substitution of certain products previously imported from China, and these effects were partially sustained after the Covid-induced barriers to imports from China were removed. However, the disruptions were also costly for many Ghanaian producers, as they depended on Chinese intermediary products, tools, and other inputs. This illustrates how economic lives in Ghana and China have become so profoundly intertwined that indiscriminate decoupling is neither possible nor desirable.

• Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2024). Yuko Aoyama: Curiosity as Method. I Johns, Jennifer & Hall, Sarah Marie (Red.), Contemporary Economic Geographies. Inspiring, Critical and Plural Perspectives. Bristol University Press. ISSN 9781529220568. s. 89–100. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tjønndal, Anne & Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2024). Care as a strategy to navigate political tensions within the China–Norway sports coaching collaboration. International Review for the Sociology of Sport. ISSN 1012-6902. 59(7), s. 1032–1053. doi: 10.1177/10126902241247579. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This study investigates the experiences of Norwegian coaches involved in a winter sports collaboration between Norway and China leading up to the 2022 Winter Olympic Games. Our analysis delves into the complexities of coach–athlete relationships in collaborations between nations with vastly different sports systems and cultures. Methodologically, the study is based on qualitative interviews with Norwegian coaches involved in the collaboration. Emphasizing the concept of “care,” we examine how Norwegian coaches navigated the cultural, bureaucratic, and political tensions that encompassed their relations with the Chinese winter sports athletes. The findings reveal that prioritizing care and athlete welfare serves not only as a coaching philosophy for the Norwegian coaches, but also as both a shield and a justification for their involvement, effectively sidelining broader ethical, and political considerations in the Norway–China winter sports collaboration. This research contributes to understanding the dynamics of international sports collaborations and coaches’ strategies for maintaining integrity while engaging in international partnerships marked by different values and traditions.

• Braun, Lesley Nicole & Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2023). The Weight Women Carry: Research on the Visible and Invisible Baggage in Suitcase Trade between China and Africa. Professional Geographer. ISSN 0033-0124. 75(1), s. 138–144. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haugen, Heidi Østbø & Huang, Guangzhi (2023). Becoming sanfei: the irregularization of foreign migrants in China. I Liempt, Ilse Van; Schapendonk, Joris & Campos-Delgado, Amalia (Red.), Research Handbook on Irregular Migration. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISSN 9781800377493. s. 238–248. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This chapter explores the fuzzy boundaries of who is an irregular migrant in China, and how the latent threat of being cast as irregular influences the lives of migrants. The shorthand for irregular migration in China is "three illegals” (san fei), which comprises unlawful entry, residence, and work. Drawing upon data about different groups of migrants in China, including traders, students, marriage migrants, and returnees, the chapter discusses how foreigners in China are continuously at risk of having their status changed from “legal” to “illegal”. This transition can result from national or local changes in law enforcement or from idiosyncratic events, such as residents reporting migrants in the wake of, for example, conflicts between migrant tenants and landlords or international students and university administrators. Policies and enforcement practices to regulate international migration in the People's Republic of China today build on past and current methods to control internal migration.

• Haugen, Heidi Østbø & Tjønndal, Anne (2023). Winter Olympic Dreams and Foreign Friends. Made in China Journal. 8(1), s. 62–67. doi: 10.22459/MIC.08.01.2023.07. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  To win glory at the 2022 Winter Olympic Games, China commissioned 100 Norwegian winter sports coaches and support staff to train 200 Chinese athletes. Norway hoped to strengthen the global status of ski sports by nurturing Chinese elite contestants. Despite compatible motivations and good athlete–coach relationships, the program had limited success in terms of enhancing Chinese winter sports coaching methods. However, the exchange was symbolically important to China as proof of foreign friendship and commitment to Olympic ideals.

• Ma, Xinrong & Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2022). How ethnicity matters in labour studies: harnessing ethnic marginality in Chinese manufacturing. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. ISSN 1369-183X. 48(19), s. 4712–4729. doi: 10.1080/1369183X.2022.2078800. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This paper examines how the labour force is segmented through ethnic distinctions. These distinctions can be harnessed to increase capitalist profit. While critical labour studies have documented how gender, race, and migration status are used to generate cheap labour, the ways in which ethnicity structures the labour market are less well understood. We approach this issue with ethnographic data on Yi ethnic minority people from the Liangshan Yi autonomous prefecture who migrate to South China to become manufacturing workers. These labour migrants enroll in factory work via co-ethnic labour brokers. The brokerage system provides workers with a sense of protection and solidarity, but simultaneously repurposes and entrenches existing inequalities. Based on how relationships between workers, brokers, and employers were structured, we develop two connected arguments: Firstly, ethnicity serves in much the same way as gender, race, and migration status to differentiate the labour force, for example by allowing for salary segmentation and flexible hires. Secondly, ethnicity differs from other labour market distinctions in that it is not only an identity marker, but also organises co-ethnics hierarchically through responsibilities and entitlements bestowed by kinship relations.

• Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2022). The Love Child and the State: Transnational Family Formation in Guangzhou. Nan nü: Men, Women and Gender in China. ISSN 1387-6805. 24(1), s. 134–160. doi: 10.1163/15685268-02410039. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Transnational families are becoming more common in China. They emerge within a social system that is designed for sedentary rather than mobile lives and favours two-parent households over other family forms. Chinese citizens who have children with foreigners must navigate national and local bureaucratic institutions while building and maintaining social relations in transnational fields. The bureaucratic challenges associated with transnational family formation can cause emotional and financial friction within intimate relationships, while gender norms shape how various family members manage these frictions. Gender and race intersect through the ways ethnic boundary crossings are judged differently for men and women, while immigration status affects prospects for meeting gender-specific expectations in romantic relationships. Drawing upon data from ethnographic fieldwork among Chinese−African families in a multi-ethnic neighbourhood in Guangzhou, the article explores tensions that arise as families pursue cosmopolitan aspirations at the same time as they struggle to access basic welfare services and legal and social recognition of their family relationships.

• Zhang, Yichi & Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2022). A Transnational Perspective on Urban Developments in Greater Bay Area. Beijing Planning Review. ISSN 1003-627X. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2021). Leaving on a strong passport: State protection of Chinese workers in Africa and beyond. International migration. ISSN 0020-7985. 59(2), s. 255–258. doi: 10.1111/imig.12845. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haugen, Heidi Østbø & Nicole, Braun Lesley (2021). The Weight Women Carry: Research on the Visible and Invisible Baggage in Suitcase Trade between China and Africa. Professional Geographer. ISSN 0033-0124. doi: 10.1080/00330124.2021.1950554. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Grounded in ethnographic observations, this article offers a commentary on the visible and invisible dynamics of mobility between China and West and Central Africa. It follows the transnational trajectories of African trader women and takes stock of some of the weight that these women shoulder during trips where goods and money are set in motion. The materiality of the transported consumer items shapes traders’ experiences of mobility and immobility. Trader women also must carry immaterial baggage relating to what their mobile, racialized female bodies represent to various people they encounter. Specifically, the Chinese state and general public view their bodies as threats to social order and, in the context of Ebola and COVID-19, as threats to public health. Our analysis also attends to the weight that female scholars metaphorically carry while conducting research. We devote space to addressing our presence as White researchers, thus attending to methodological opaqueness alongside issues of hidden geographies in transnational trade and migration.

• Haugen, Heidi Østbø & Angela, Lehmann (2020). Adverse articulation: Third countries in China–Australia student migration during COVID-19. Dialogues in Human Geography. ISSN 2043-8206. 10(2), s. 169–173. doi: 10.1177/2043820620934939. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Southeast Asian countries were articulated with the Australia–China value chain for educational services early in the COVID-19 outbreak, when travelers from China could enter Australia only via stopovers in third countries. The routes, advertised by migration brokers, allowed Australia to externalize risk of infection while profiting from international student mobility.

• Carling, Jørgen & Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2020). Circumstantial migration: how Gambian journeys to China enrich migration theory. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. ISSN 1369-183X. doi: 10.1080/1369183X.2020.1739385. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Migration processes are often said to involve elements of choice and constraint in variable measure. However, this bipolar framing may fail to capture the twists and turns in many migrants’ erratic lives. In this article, we introduce the concept circumstantial migration to describe how migration trajectories and experiences unfold in unpredictable ways under the influence of micro-level context and coincidence. We expound on the concept through the case study of a cohort of Gambians who travelled to Guangzhou in South China, unexpectedly found that their prospects in China were limited, and struggled to leave the country. Our analysis examines the particularities of the Chinese immigration regime and its effects while presenting a broader argument against Chinese exceptionalism in migration studies. The concept of circumstantial migration underpins the questions guiding the analysis: how do latent influences trigger immediate circumstances? How do migrants engage with volatile circumstances? How are circumstances mediated by a variety of brokers? How does circumstantial migration produce particular temporalities? The core empirical data comes from interviews with returnees in Gambia, though the analysis draws upon extensive ethnographic fieldwork in Guangzhou over the past decade.

• Niu, Dong & Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2019). Social Workers in China: Professional Identity in the Making. The British Journal of Social Work. ISSN 0045-3102. 49(7), s. 1932–1949. doi: 10.1093/bjsw/bcy107. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This article examines how front line Chinese social workers navigate between several professional ideals and mobilise different values through their everyday practices. Often starting the work without formal qualifications, their professional identity evolves through a combination of on-the-job training and supervision, studying national textbooks for qualifying exams, and exposure to international ideas about social work. Discussions about social work in China have typically centred on the applicability of Western models and the political dynamics between different stakeholders. The current study extends these discussions by taking a view ‘from below’ on how different—and at times conflicting—sets of professional standards are experienced by social workers and how they make decisions within this context. The analysis is based on ethnographic fieldwork at a social service centre in Guangzhou that caters to both foreign and local populations. China has trained more than a million individuals in social work, and 312,000 people are employed as social workers (Ministry of Civil Affairs, 2018). This article seeks to illuminate the qualitative implications of this globally unprecedented quantitative expansion.

• Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2019). The social production of container space. Environment & Planning. D, Society and Space. ISSN 0263-7758. 37(5), s. 868–885. doi: 10.1177/0263775818822834. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  A sizable body of popular and academic literature explores how containers have reconstituted the spaces through which they travel. However, the space within containers remains largely unexamined. This article leverages the concepts of “earmarking” and “pressure” to analyze the space within containers as socially produced rather than arithmetically defined. The analysis draws upon an ethnographic study of container freight from China to Africa. Earmarking describes the practice of attaching segments of shipment space to specific sets of social relations, which in turn defines appropriate usage of the space and bestows it with economic value. African traders earmark space in containers shipped from China as a way to manage their capital in volatile economic environments. Logistics agents apply physical pressure to goods as they are loaded in containers in South China. The practice—made possible by the material characteristics of the container—disrupts the relationship between the container’s measurements and the shipment volumes sold, and generates asymmetries across modes of calculating space. Application of pressure renders the relation between containers and goods unstable and shipments vulnerable during customs inspections. Opening the container space for analysis reveals how China’s successful logistics integration with Africa relies heavily on political tolerance for disorder and localized solutions.

• Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2018). The unmaking of a commodity: Intermediation and the entanglement of power cables in Nigeria. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space. ISSN 0308-518X. 50(6), s. 1295–1313. doi: 10.1177/0308518X18757506. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Nigerians once trusted power cables to be safe and compliant with international standards. Today, however, the Nigerian market is rife with substandard cables, which may overheat, shoot out sparks, and cause fires. Power cables have been transformed from commodities with stable and precisely defined properties into entangled objects that can only be known through the actors accompanying them. Marketization scholarship has conventionally focused on efforts and investments to disentangle things from their networks of connections, affording less attention to the specifics of how entanglements are produced. This article examines the role of intermediation in creating entanglements and undermining market orders. The analysis first identifies intermediaries that endeavor to translate the market logic into concrete realities in Nigeria. The second and main part of the analysis draws upon data from ethnographic fieldwork in Nigeria and China to assess how intermediaries destabilized the commodity of cables by forging new connections between traders and producers and by enabling inferior products to enter the market. The article proposes intermediation as a meso-level concept for connecting concrete and empirically observable events to theories of marketization. The approach moves marketization scholarship forward and away from its oft-vague operationalizations, while also suggesting new avenues for research on intermediation beyond the study of markets. © 2018 SAGE Publications

• Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2018). China?Africa Exports: Governance Through Mobility and Sojourning. Journal of Contemporary Asia. ISSN 0047-2336. s. 1–19. doi: 10.1080/00472336.2018.1517897. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  A centre for Asian and intercontinental immigration and export-oriented production, Guangzhou city is at the forefront of China’s global interactions. Based on ethnographic fieldwork, this article examines informal governance mechanisms that co-ordinate the circulation of goods and capital between China and Africa. The question addressed is: What roles do mobility and sojourning play in governing trade relations? The analysis is informed by research from three fields: economics scholarship on the trade–migration nexus, ethnographic studies of informal trans-border trade, and historical accounts of long-distance trade in pre-colonial and colonial eras. These traditions point to different ways in which the mobility of people and goods are interlinked. In the case of China–Africa interactions, the flow of goods has increased in tandem with the number of visits by African itinerant traders. The empirical discussion demonstrates that the emergence of intercontinental movements of goods and people between China and Africa was predicated on the brokering role played by African sojourners in Guangzhou. Of particular importance was informal hospitality and logistics infrastructure set up by Africans in the late 1990s, which subsequently evolved and adapted. This infrastructure has facilitated the mobility of people and goods and increased the pace at which trading capital circulates.

• Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2018). Residence Registration in China’s Immigration Control: Africans in Guangzhou. I Lehmann, Angela & Leonard, Pauline (Red.), Destination China: Immigration to China in the Post-Reform Era. Palgrave Macmillan. ISSN 9781137557100. s. 45–64. doi: 10.1057/978-1-137-54433-9_3. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2018). Petty commodities, serious business: The governance of fashion jewelry chains between China and Ghana. Global Networks. A journal of transnational affairs. ISSN 1470-2266. 18(2), s. 307–325. doi: 10.1111/glob.12164. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  In many parts of the world, people access consumer goods mainly via informal economic networks. In this article, I analyse the governance of petty commodity chains through a case study of Chinese fashion jewellery produced for the Ghanaian market. ‘Petty commodity chains’ denotes a particular type of global value chain, where production, trade, and distribution are carried out by small, unregistered businesses, between which personalized relationships and informal infrastructure enable transactions. These chains are neither controlled by lead firms at the production or distribution ends, nor made up of pure market linkages. Weak formal institutions and an intensely competitive commercial environment encourage business actors to establish enduring relationships. Credit relations run through long stretches of the chain and create mutual dependencies. The concept of ‘beholden value chains’ is introduced to describe the co‐dependency between business actors and the coordination of activities in petty commodity chains.

• Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2018). From Pioneers to Professionals: African Brokers in a Maturing Chinese Marketplace. African Studies Quarterly: The Online Journal of African Studies. ISSN 1093-2658. 17(4), s. 45–62. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Brokers have played a key role in the establishment and development of African trading communities in China. Nigerians were the first African businesspeople to settle in the commercial hub of Guangzhou, South China, in the 1990s. They initially focused on trade in used vehicles and spare parts but soon ventured into a wide array of business sectors. Deficient commercial infrastructure in Mainland China initially compelled most foreign merchants to source goods via Hong Kong. This changed as Nigerians and other Africans set up as brokers in Mainland China and made the market accessible to itinerant traders and customers at home. In addition to mediating between itinerant traders and Chinese manufacturers, resident Africans offered accommodation, food, money transfer, interpretation, and logistics services. Initially, the brokers could charge generous commissions, from both Chinese producers and African customers. As the market matured, however, they experienced a double squeeze; clients became more familiar with Guangzhou’s trading economy and eliminated the brokers from transactions with suppliers, and the costs of being based in China mounted as immigration control tightened. In response, some brokers have moved toward trading on their own by investing previous gains into a business. Others seek to control larger parts of the value chain by setting up production, warehouses, and wholesale outlets. Brokering has become professionalized, and the barriers to entry are higher. These changes are examined by drawing upon data from sixteen months of ethnographic fieldwork in Guangzhou between 2009 and 2017, with follow-up research in Nigeria, Ghana, Togo, and Gambia.

• Haugen, Heidi Østbø & Tollefsen, Andreas Forø (2017). Samfunnsgeografiske metoder. I Jordhus-Lier, David Christoffer & Stokke, Kristian (Red.), Samfunnsgeografi: En innføring. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 9788202547752. s. 63–72. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Samfunnsgeografi er studiet av samfunnets romlighet. Som student i samfunnsgeografi utvikler du din geografiske forestillingsevne og blir i stand til å forstå betydningen av det geografiske i samfunnet rundt deg. Denne boka gir deg en innføring i fagets historie og kjernebegreper – som rom, sted, skala, territorium og nettverk – samt en gjennomgang av viktige underdisipliner og forskningstemaer som preger faget i dag. Kapitlene er skrevet på norsk av 24 samfunnsgeografer basert i Norge. Forfatterne bruker selv en samfunnsgeografisk tilnærming i sin egen forskning. Gjennom de ulike kapitlene lærer du blant annet mer om klimaendringer, globalisering og ulikhet, politisk deltagelse, byutvikling, migrasjon, fattigdom og utviklingsspørsmål.

• Knutsen, Hege Merete & Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2017). Utvikling i globale verdikjeder og produksjonsnettverk. I Jordhus-Lier, David Christoffer & Stokke, Kristian (Red.), Samfunnsgeografi: En innføring. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 9788202547752. s. 95–108. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Samfunnsgeografi er studiet av samfunnets romlighet. Som student i samfunnsgeografi utvikler du din geografiske forestillingsevne og blir i stand til å forstå betydningen av det geografiske i samfunnet rundt deg. Denne boka gir deg en innføring i fagets historie og kjernebegreper – som rom, sted, skala, territorium og nettverk – samt en gjennomgang av viktige underdisipliner og forskningstemaer som preger faget i dag. Kapitlene er skrevet på norsk av 24 samfunnsgeografer basert i Norge. Forfatterne bruker selv en samfunnsgeografisk tilnærming i sin egen forskning. Gjennom de ulike kapitlene lærer du blant annet mer om klimaendringer, globalisering og ulikhet, politisk deltagelse, byutvikling, migrasjon, fattigdom og utviklingsspørsmål.

• Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2017). Sending Forth the Best: African Missions in China. I Byfield, Judith & Hodgson, Dorothy (Red.), Global Africa. Into the twenty-first century. University of California Press. ISSN 9780520287365. s. 183–192. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2017). Prospective moments, eternal salvation: The production of hope in Nigerian Pentecostal churches in China. I Kleist, Nauja & Thorsen, Dorte (Red.), Hope and uncertainty in contemporary African migration. Routledge. ISSN 9781138961210. s. 94–112. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2013). China's recruitment of African university students: policy efficacy and unintended outcomes. Globalisation, Societies and Education. ISSN 1476-7724. doi: 10.1080/14767724.2012.750492. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2013). African Pentecostal Migrants in China: Marginalization and the Alternative Geography of a Mission Theology. African Studies Review. ISSN 0002-0206. 56(1), s. 81–102. doi: 10.1017/asr.2013.7. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2012). Nigerians in China: A Second State of Immobility. International migration. ISSN 0020-7985. 50(2), s. 65–80. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2435.2011.00713.x. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2012). Hvorfor er Kina i Afrika? I Sæveraas, Torgeir E. (Red.), Etter Afghanistan - Ny strategisk virkelighet? GILs luftmaktseminar 2011. Tapir Akademisk Forlag. ISSN 9788251928717. s. 69–80. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2011). Chinese exports to Africa : competition, complementarity and cooperation between micro-level actors. Forum for Development Studies. ISSN 0803-9410. 38(2), s. 157–176. doi: 10.1080/08039410.2011.572286. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2008). “A Very Natural Choice”: The Construction of Beijing as an Olympic City during the Bid Period. I Price, Monroe & Dayan, Daniel (Red.), Owning the Olympics: Narratives of the new China. University of Michigan Press. ISSN 9780472070329. s. 145–162. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haugen, Heidi Østbø & Carling, Jørgen (2008). Mixed fates of a popular minority: Chinese migrants in Cape Verde. I Alden, Chris; Oliveira, Ricardo Soares de & Large, Daniel (Red.), China Returns to Africa: A Superpower and a Continent Embrace. Hurst Publishers. ISSN 9781850658863. s. 319–338. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2005). Time and Space in Beijing’s Olympic Bid. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift. ISSN 0029-1951. 59(3), s. 217–227. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haugen, Heidi Østbø & Carling, Jørgen (2005). On the edge of the Chinese diaspora: The surge of baihuo business in an African city , Vol. 28, No. 4 July 2005 pp. 639-662. Ethnic and Racial Studies. ISSN 0141-9870. 28(4), s. 639–662. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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• Haugen, Heidi Østbø & Wang, Bingyu (2025). Handbook on Migration to China. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISBN 9781035332694. 444 s. doi: 10.4337/9781035332700. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haugen, Heidi Østbø & Skilbrei, May-Len (2021). Håndbok i forskningsetikk og databehandling. Fagbokforlaget. ISBN 9788245034516. 233 s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2014). 'Take Over Asia for God!’: The Public Face of African Pentecostal Churches in China. In Adogame, Afe (ed) The Public Face of African New Religious Movements in Diaspora. Imagining the Religious 'Other'. Ashgate. ISBN 9781472420107. 20 s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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• Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2026). Oppgradering og risikosikring av globale verdikjeder. doi: https:/cdforskning.no/cdf/catalog/book/280#chapters. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Wong, Hayley & Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2023). 3 years of zero-Covid lockdowns prompt Chinese studying overseas to think twice about returning home. [Journal]. South China Morning Post. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Solvang, Fredrik; Grødeland, Gunnveig; Nakstad, Anders Rostrup; Kjerkhol, Ingvild; Ottersen, Trygve & Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2023). Debatten - Virusene herjer. [TV]. NRK - Debatten. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Gornitzka, Åse; Benner, Mats & Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2023). Universitetenes rolle i et moderne kunnskapsdemokrati. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Grødeland, Gunnveig; Gullikstad, Åsne & Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2022). Skal vaksinere flere eldre: – Helt essensielt. [Journal]. Dagsavisen. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Åsne, Gullikstad & Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2022). Kan Kinas null-covid-strategi vare? [Journal]. Dagsavisen. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Kuo, Lily & Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2022). Zero covid has many in China dreaming of leaving. [Journal]. Washington post. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nyabiage, Jevans & Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2022). China vows to crack down on online racism, spurred by new details of video featuring Malawi children. [Journal]. South China Morning Post. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Malawian foreign minister says her country feels ‘disgusted, disrespected and deeply pained’ by video in which children repeat demeaning words in Chinese. European academic says Beijing is wise to take this seriously now while it harms China’s image abroad.

• Haugen, Heidi Østbø & Gullikstad, Åsne (2022). Tviholder på koronastrategi: – Nå har det gått prestisje i det. [Journal]. Dagsavisen. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haugen, Heidi Østbø & Speelman, Tabitha (2022). China’s Rapid Development Has Transformed Its Migration Trends. Migration Information Source. ISSN 1946-4037. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  China’s immigration system has undergone serious changes under Xi Jinping. Has it kept up with the country’s rapidly evolving place in the world?

• Haugen, Heidi Østbø & Loge, Julia (2022). «Dette lover ikke godt for forskningens uavhengighet». [Journal]. Forskerforum. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haugen, Heidi Østbø & Fergar, David (2022). Personverntrender i 2022 #5 Kan personvernet overleve koronakrisen? [Journal]. Juridika. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haugen, Heidi Østbø & Gullikstad, Åsne (2022). Kan Kinas null-covid-strategi vare? [Journal]. Dagsavisen. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2022). Forskningsetikk er ingen nedtrappingssyssel. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haugen, Heidi Østbø & Gullikstad, Åsne (2022). På'n igjen i Kina. [Journal]. Dagsavisen. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2022). “Like I’m a ghost in my house”: International students waiting to return to China. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Since China closed its border in March 2020, international students have struggled in vain to enter the country. The pandemic hit during a school holiday, and travelling students as well as new student cohorts were affected by the entry ban. The exiled students must be ready to leave for China at any time, which made it difficult to commit to anything at home. Remaining at home represented social regression for young people who had succeeded at the difficult task of getting admission and scholarships in China, and many felt their situation invited ridicule or pity. The feeling of being suspended from the social path they had envisioned to follow was reinforced when the time difference with China compelled them to study at nighttime and sleep during the day. Time appeared simultaneously excessive and scarce: The waiting period until the exile from China would end was experienced as slow-moving and dreary, while seeing people their age move on to get jobs, form a family, or pursue graduate degrees created a sense of urgency. Some of the students I interviewed in the Fall of 2021 lobbied for their governments and international organizations to put pressure for China to open its borders. China has emerged as a major center for international educational mobility, with about 500,000 international students attending Chinese universities before the pandemic, many of whom are now involuntarily stuck abroad. In the long run, this may affect China’s attractiveness as an educational destination and illustrious soft power.

• Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2022). Norsk forskning blir nedskalert. s. 52–52. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2022). Commentary on keynote: China’s (Re)turn to Eurasia: The Drive Toward Regional Development Pathways (professor Xiangming Chen). Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haugen, Heidi Østbø & Gullikstad, Åsne (2022). – Nå har det gått prestisje i det. [Journal]. Dagsavisen. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2022). Chinese academic resources in regional studies: The case of the Greater Bay Area initiative. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2022). Fee paying but priceless. International students waiting to return to China. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2022). Discussion: African Migration to Thailand: Race Mobility, and Integration. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2021). Fyrer løs mot «sjokkerende» mangel på penger til Kina-studier. [Journal]. Khrono. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2021). Norsk Kina-kompetanse må styrkes. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2021). Newcastle University Center for Urban and Regional Research External Seminar series: South China's Greater Bay Area Strategy. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  In 2019, the Chinese government launched a national strategy for developing the Pearl River Delta region under the heading of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area (GBA). This lecture asks whether the GBA initiative represents a regional development turn or merely provides a new heading for existing policies. When the strategies of political bodies, corporations, and research organizations refer to the formation of the GBA, does this reflect an actual spatial reorientation or simply attempts to keep up with politically correct lingo? Four decades ago, South China became an area of policy experimentation that ultimately served as a model for the rest of China to follow. By way of conclusion, we reflect on the implications of the GBA strategy for the Pearl River Delta future role as a national development pioneer.

• Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2021). Nasjonalisme: Et grunnlag for fred? [Internet]. Strømmet seminar på Litteraturhuset. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Nasjonalisme har et frynsete rykte. Likevel kan nasjonalistisk ideologi gi fred og stabilitet noen steder. Vi hører ofte om hvordan nasjonalistiske ideologier kan medføre sjåvinisme og ekskludere folk som ikke anerkjennes som fullverdige medlemmer av nasjonen. Etniske og religiøse nasjonalismer har ekstra dårlige rykter siden begge gjør skillet mellom «ekte» og mindre ekte nasjonsmedlemmer eksplisitt. Samtidig har de fleste stater et sterkt behov for et visst nasjonalt «lim» for å sikre tilstrekkelig legitimitet og lojalitet fra befolkningen. Hva bør et slikt lim bestå i? Hva slags nasjonalistiske ideologier gir best grunnlag for intern og internasjonal stabilitet - på kort og lang sikt? Forskerne i panelet diskuterer nasjonalismens potensiale for fred, med erfaringene fra Kina, Sør-Asia, Midtøsten og Europa. Panel: Heidi Østbø Haugen forsker på Kina Elisabetta Cassina Wolff forsker på etnisk nasjonalisme og ytre høyre i Europa Brynjar Lia forsker på jihadismen i Midtøsten Geir Flikke forsker på nasjonale verdiers rolle i russisk og ukrainsk politikk Moderator: Kathinka Frøystad forsker på India

• Haugen, Heidi Østbø & Skilbrei, May-Len (2021). Seksuell trakassering bryter med forskningsetikken Er det noe ved strukturene i akademia som muliggjør maktmisbruk? s. 38–39. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2021). Vi må snakke sammen, Ola Borten Moe. s. 24–24. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haugen, Heidi Østbø & Pileberg, Silje (2021). Medforfatterskap: Ekspertene har ett soleklart råd. [Journal]. Magasinet forskningsetikk. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2018). What Mixed-Race Marriages Teach China About Identity. [Radio]. Podcast: Worldview by WBEZ Chicago. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2018). Pearls of wisdom hide ugly truth. [Journal]. Mail & Guardian (South Africa). Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2017). Book Note: Alpes, Maybritt Jill (2017) "Brokering High-Risk Migration and Illegality in West Africa: Abroad at Any Cost". New York: Routledge. Journal of Peace Research. ISSN 0022-3433. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2017). The best days of selling cheap Chinese goods in Africa are over. [Journal]. Quartz Magazine. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2017). Dagsnytt 18. Deltakese i debatt om Trump og Kina. [Radio]. NRL. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2017). Dagsnytt 18. Deltakelse i debatt om Kinas partikongress. [Radio]. NRK. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2011). Book note: Marshall, Ruth (2009) "Political Spiritualities: The Pentecostal Revolution in Nigeria". Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Journal of Peace Research. ISSN 0022-3433. 48(5), s. 686–686. doi: 10.1177/0022343311418905. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2011). Political Spiritualities: The Pentecostal Revolution in Nigeria. Journal of Peace Research. ISSN 0022-3433. 48(5), s. 686–686. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2011). African Pentecostal migrants in China: Urban marginality and alternative geographies of a mission theology. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2010). Hva gjør kineserne i Afrika? I Hobson, Annette (Red.), P2 Akademiet XLIII. NRK, Transit Forlag. ISSN 9788275961684. s. 63–73. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haugen, Heidi Østbø (2010). Book Note: Brautigam, Deborah (2009) The Dragon’s Gift: The Real Story of China in Africa. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Journal of Peace Research. ISSN 0022-3433. 47(4), s. 512–512. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Sending, Ole Jacob; Bones, Stian; Neumann, Iver Brynild; John, Taylor St; Berge, Tarald Gulseth & Beaumont, Paul David Hagen [Vis alle 37 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). Trump 2.0 og internasjonal politikk. Norsk Utenrikspolitisk Institutt. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Staksrud, Elisabeth; Kolstad, Ivar; Bang, Kirsten Johanne; Bomann-Larsen, Lene; Fretheim, Kjetil & Granaas, Rakel Christina [Vis alle 16 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Forskningsetiske retningslinjer for samfunnsvitenskap og humaniora. De nasjonale forskningsetiske komiteene. ISSN 9788276821017. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Den nasjonale forskningsetiske komité for samfunnsvitenskap og humaniora (NESH) er et uavhengig og rådgivende organ, som har ansvar for å utarbeide nasjonale forskningsetiske retningslinjer. Den første utgaven av NESHs retningslinjer ble utgitt i 1993, og de har kommet i reviderte utgaver i 1999, 2006 og 2016. For mer om NESH og retningslinjene, se vedlegg. I denne utgaven har NESH valgt å fremheve og tydeliggjøre de grunnleggende forskningsetiske normene. Formålet er å fremheve NESHs retningslinjer som en selvstendig kilde til forskningsetisk refleksjon og kontinuering diskusjon i forskerfellesskapet. NESH har også presisert hvordan forskning i økende grad er under press, og hvordan ulike aktører som oppdragsgivere, finansiører og samarbeidspartnere har medansvar for å ivareta forskningsetikken. Videre er skillet mellom etikk og juss presisert for å tydeliggjøre grenseflatene mot henholdsvis gransking av vitenskapelig uredelighet og krav om rettsgrunnlag ved behandling av personopplysninger. Høsten 2020 ble det reviderte utkastet til nasjonale retningslinjer sendt på høring. NESH mottok over 60 innspill fra forskere, forskningsinstitusjoner og andre forskningsaktører. En arbeidsgruppe bestående av Elisabeth Staksrud (leder), Ivar Kolstad (nestleder) og Vidar Enebakk (sekretariatsleder) har gått gjennom alle innspill og utarbeidet forslag, som er grundig drøftet og vedtatt av alle medlemmene i komiteen.

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