Graham David Macklin

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Background

Graham Macklin is a researcher at the Center for Research on Extremism (C-Rex), University of Oslo, Norway. He has long standing research interests in fascist and extreme right-wing politics in Britain, North America and Europe and is interested more broadly in the study of political violence and terrorism.

He completed his PhD at Sheffield University (2002) on the resurrection of British fascism after 1945, which formed the basis for his subsequent monograph "Very Deeply Dyed in Black”: Oswald Mosley and the resurrection of British fascism (2007).

He has published widely on the field of fascist, extreme right-wing, and anti-minority politics in Britain and North America in both the inter-war and post-war periods including, most recently, Failed Führers: A History of Britain’s Extreme Right (2020) and the co-edited collection Researching the Far Right: Theory, Method & Practice (2020). Macklin is currently completing a history of contemporary far right terrorism which will be published by Routledge in 2024. He is also working on several other related projects related to far right transnational networks and political violence. 

Macklin is a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society and Associate Fellow in the Current and Emerging Threat team at the International Centre for Counter-Terrorism - ICCT in The Hague. He is an associate editor of Patterns of Prejudice. He also co-edits the 'Routledge Studies in Fascism and the Far Right' book series and is on the editorial board of 'Fascism,' having previously served for several years as its editor. 

A Selection of Past Projects

Dialogue about Radicalisation and Equality (DARE) (Horizon 2020)

‘Hot periods’ of anti-minority activism and the threat of violent domestic extremism: Towards an assessment framework (CREST: 2019-2020)

The Internal brakes on violent escalation (CREST: 2017-2018)

Publications

Books

Failed Fuhrers: A History of Britain’s Extreme Right (Routledge: Abingdon 2020).

(W/ Stephen Twigge and Edward Hampshire), British Intelligence: Secrets, spies and sources (The National Archives: London 2008).

‘Very Deeply Dyed in Black’: Oswald Mosley & the resurrection of British fascism after 1945 (IB Tauris: London 2007).

Neville Chamberlain (Haus: London 2006).

Edited Collections:

(/W Stephen Ashe, Joel Busher and Aaron Winter) (eds.), Researching the Far Right: Theory, Method and Practice (Routledge: Abingdon 2020).

(W/ Nigel Copsey) (eds.), British National Party: Contemporary Perspectives (Routledge: Abingdon 2011).

Peer-Reviewed Articles

(W/Ashley Mattheis, Amar Amarasingam and Marc-André Argentino) 'The Allen, Texas, Attack: Ideological Fuzziness and the Contemporary Nature of Far Right Violence,' CTC Sentinel - Combating Terrorism Center at West Point, June 2023, pp. 16-22: https://ctc.westpoint.edu/the-allen-texas-attack-ideological-fuzziness-and-the-contemporary-nature-of-far-right-violence/

(W/Amar Amarasingam and Marc-André Argentino) ‘The Buffalo Attack: The Cumulative Momentum of Far-Right Terror,’ CTC Sentinel – Combating Terrorism Center at West Point, July 2022, pp. 1-10 [feature article]: https://ctc.westpoint.edu/the-buffalo-attack-the-cumulative-momentum-of-far-right-terror/ 

‘The extreme right, climate change and terrorism,’ Terrorism and Political Violence, vol. 34, no. 5, 2022, pp. 979-996.

‘The plot to kidnap Michigan Governor Gretchen Whitmer,” CTC Sentinel – Combating Terrorism Center at West Point, vol. 14, no. 6, July/August 2021, pp. 1-15 [feature article]: https://ctc.usma.edu/the-conspiracy-to-kidnap-governor-gretchen-whitmer/

(W/Tore Bjørgo) ‘Breivik’s long shadow? The impact of the 22 July attacks on the modus operandi of far-right lone actor terrorists,’ Perspectives on Terrorism, vol. 15, no. 3, June 2021, pp. 14-36.

(W/Joel Busher and Donald Holbrook) ‘How the “internal brakes” on violent escalation work and fail: Towards a conceptual framework for understanding intra-group processes of restraint in militant groups,’ Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, published online 18 January 2021: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1057610X.2021.1872156

‘The internal brakes on violent escalation within the British extreme right in the 1990s,’ Perspectives on Terrorism, vol. 14, no 6, December 2020, pp. 148-161.

‘The El Paso Terrorist Attack: The Chain Reaction of Global Right-Wing Terror,’ CTC Sentinel – Combating Terrorism Center at West Point, vol. 12, no. 11, December 2019, pp. 1-9 [feature article]: https://ctc.usma.edu/el-paso-terrorist-attack-chain-reaction-global-right-wing-terror/

‘The Christchurch Attacks: Livestream terror in the Viral Video Age,’ CTC Sentinel – Combating Terrorism Center at West Point, vol. 12, no. 6, June 2019, pp. 18-29: https://ctc.usma.edu/christchurch-attacks-livestream-terror-viral-video-age

(W/Craig Fowlie) ‘The Fascist Who Would Be King – Count Geoffrey Potocki of Montalk,’ Patterns of Prejudice, vol. 53, no. 2, 2019, pp. 152-177.

(W/Joel Busher and Donald Holbrook) ‘The Internal Brakes on Violent Escalation: A Typology,’ Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression, vol. 11, no. 1, January 2019, pp. 3-35.

(W/Joel Busher and Gareth Harris) ‘Chicken suits and other aspects of situated credibility contests: Explaining local trajectories of anti-minority activism,’ Social Movement Studies, vol. 18, no. 2, 2019, pp. 193-214.

‘The Evolution of Extreme-Right Terrorism and Efforts to Counter it in the United Kingdom,’ CTC Sentinel – Combating Terrorism Center at West Point, vol. 12, no. 1, January 2019, pp. 15-20: https://ctc.usma.edu/evolution-extreme-right-terrorism-efforts-counter-united-kingdom/ 

‘“Only bullets can stop us!” The banning of National Action in Britain,’ Perspectives on Terrorism, vol. 12, no. 6, December 2018, pp. 104-122.

(W/ Paul Thomas, Joel Busher, Michelle Rogerson and Kris Christmann) ‘Hopes and Fears: Community cohesion and the “White working class” in one of the “failed spaces” of multiculturalism,’ Sociology, vol. 52, no. 2, 2018, pp. 262-281.

(W/ Joel Busher), ‘Interpreting ‘Cumulative Extremism’: Six Proposals for Enhancing Conceptual Clarity,’ Terrorism and Political Violence, vol. 27, no. 5, 2015, pp. 884-905.

(W/ Joel Busher), ‘Tracing patterns of ‘cumulative extremism’ in four waves of movement-countermovement contest in Britain,’ Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression, vol. 7, no. 1, 2015, pp. 53-68.

‘“Onward Blackshirts!” Music and the British Union of Fascists,’ Patterns of Prejudice, vol. 47, nos. 4-5, September-December 2013, pp. 430-457.

‘Transnational activism on the far right: The case of the BNP and the NPD,’ West European Politics, vol. 36, no. 1, 2013, pp. 176-198.

‘Transatlantic connections and conspiracies: A. K. Chesterton and The New Unhappy Lords,’ Journal of Contemporary History, vol. 47, no. 2, 2012, pp. 240-269.

‘The British Far Right’s South African Connection: A. K. Chesterton, Hendrik van den Bergh and the South African Intelligence Services,’ Intelligence and National Security, vol. 25, no. 6, December 2010, pp. 823-842.

‘A Fascist “Jihad”: Captain Robert Gordon-Canning, British fascist anti-Semitism and Islam,’ Holocaust Studies: A Journal of Culture and History, vol. 15, nos. 1-2, Summer/Autumn 2009. 

‘The Two Lives of John Hooper Harvey,’ Patterns of Prejudice, vol. 42, no. 2, May 2008.

‘“No power on earth can remove his liability:” Haile Selassie, the Foreign Office and the Inland Revenue,’ Immigrants and Minorities, vol. 25, no. 1, 2007.

‘“Hail Mosley and F’ Em All” Martyrdom, transcendence and the “myth” of internment.’ Totalitarian Movements and Religious Politics, vol. 7, no. 1, Summer 2006.

‘Major Hugh Pollard, MI6 and the Spanish Civil War,’ The Historical Journal, vol. 49, no. 1, March 2006.

‘Co-opting the counter-culture: Troy Southgate and the National Revolutionary Faction,’ Patterns of Prejudice, vol. 39, no. 3, September 2005.

‘An Emperor in exile: Haile Selassie and the Foreign Office, 1936-1939,’ Black and Asian Studies Association Newsletter, no. 43, September 2005.

‘“A Quite Natural and Moderate Defensive Feeling”? The 1945 Hampstead “anti-alien” petition,’ Patterns of Prejudice, vol. 37, no. 3, September 2003.

Book Chapters

‘“Praise the Saints” – The cumulative momentum of transnational Extreme Right Terrorism’ in Johannes Dafinger and Moritz Florin (eds.), A Transnational History of Right-Wing-Terrorism. Political Violence and the Far Right in Eastern and Western Europe since 1900 (Routledge: Abingdon 2022).

‘Extreme movements under extreme pressure – British fascists and uncertainty during World War Two,’ in Kim Knott and Matthew Francis (eds.), Uncertainty and Innovation in Minority Religions (Inform/Routledge: Abingdon 2020).

‘Greg Johnson and Counter Currents’ in Mark Sedgewick (ed.), Key Thinkers of the Radical Right: Behind the New Threat to Liberal Democracy (OUP: New York 2019).

‘The evolving historiography of the extreme right in Britain,’ in Jennifer Craig-Norton, Christhard Hoffmann and Tony Kushner (eds.), Migrant Britain: Histories from the 17th to the 21st Centuries: Essays in Honour of Colin Holmes (Routledge: Abingdon 2018).

‘“There’s a vital lesson here. Let’s make sure we learn it”: Transnational mobilization and the impact of Greece’s Golden Dawn upon extreme right-wing activism in Britain’ in Nigel Copsey and Matthew Worley (eds.), ‘Tomorrow Belongs to Us’: The British Far Right since 1967 (Routledge: Abingdon 2018).

‘Patterns of Far-Right and Anti-Muslim Mobilization in the United Kingdom,’ in Maik Fielitz and Laura Lotte Laloire (eds.), Trouble on the Far Right (transcript Verlag: Bielefeld 2016).

‘The “cultic milieu” of Britain’s “New Right”: Meta-political “fascism” in contemporary Britain’ in Nigel Copsey and John Richardson (eds.), Cultures of Post-War British Fascism (Routledge, Abingdon 2015).

‘“Teaching the Truth to the Hardcore”: The Public and Private Presentation of BNP Ideology’ in Matthew Feldman and Paul Jackson (eds.), Doublespeak: The Framing of the Far Right since 1945 (ibidem-Verlag: Hannover 2014).

‘“A Plague on Both their Houses”: Fascism, Communism and the Police, 1945-1951,’ in Chris A. Williams (ed.), Police and Policing in the Twentieth Century (Ashgate: Farnham 2011).

‘Modernising the past for the future,’ in Nigel Copsey and Graham Macklin (eds.), The British National Party: Contemporary Perspectives (Routledge: London 2011).

(W/ Nigel Copsey) ‘The Media = Lies, Lies, Lies! The BNP and the Media in Contemporary Britain,’ in Nigel Copsey and Graham Macklin (eds.), The British National Party: Contemporary Perspectives (Routledge: London 2011).

(W/ Fabian Virchow) ‘Comparative local case studies in an international context: The BNP and the NPD’ in Nigel Copsey and Graham Macklin (eds.), The British National Party: Contemporary Perspectives (Routledge: London 2011).

‘Conclusion’ in Nigel Copsey and Graham Macklin (eds.), The British National Party: Contemporary Perspectives (Routledge: London 2011).

‘A Fascist “Jihad”: Captain Robert Gordon-Canning, British fascist anti-Semitism and Islam,’ in Daniel Tilles and Salvatore Garau (eds.), Fascism and the Jews: Italy and Britain (Vallentine Mitchell, Edgware, Middlesex 2011).

‘All White on the Right,’ in Mark Perryman (ed.), Imagined Nation: England after Britain (Lawrence and Wishart: London 2008).

‘“A Plague on Both their Houses”: Fascism, Communism and the Police, 1945-1951,’ in Nigel Copsey and David Renton (eds.), Fascism, the Labour Movement and the State (Palgrave: London 2005).

Academic Blogs

(W/Jonathan Lewis and Joshua Molloy) "The Lineage of Violence: Saints Culture and Militant Accelerationist Terrorism," Global Network on Extremism & Technology, 27 April 2023: https://gnet-research.org/2023/04/27/the-lineage-of-violence-saints-culture-and-militant-accelerationist-terrorism/

(W/ Josh Farrell-Molloy) “Ted Kaczynski, anti-Technology radicalism and Eco-fascism,” ICCT Perspectives, 15 June 2022: https://icct.nl/publication/ted-kaczynski-anti-technology-radicalism-and-eco-fascism/

(W/ Joel Busher, Gareth Harris, Julia Ebner and Zsófia Hacsek) ‘The escalation and inhibition of violence during waves of far-right or anti-minority protests,’ Right Now! 28 February 2022: https://www.sv.uio.no/c-rex/english/news-and-events/right-now/2022/the-escalation-and-inhibition-of-violence-during-w.html 

‘Coronavirus and the Far Right: Seizing the Moment?’ Instituto per gli Studi di Politica Internazionale/Italian Institute for International Political Studies (ISPI), 15 May 2020: https://www.ispionline.it/it/pubblicazione/coronavirus-and-far-right-seizing-moment-26153

(W/ Joel Busher and Gareth Harris) ‘How can analysis of “credibility contests” help us understand where and when anti-minority activism is more likely to gain momentum,’ Interventionen: Zeitschrift für Verantwortungspädagogik, no. 14, December 2019, pp. 39-43.

(W/ Joel Busher and Donald Holbrook) ‘Credibility Contests and the Ebb and Flow of Anti-Minority Activism,’ Right Now! 18 December 2019 [republished from CREST Comment]: https://www.sv.uio.no/c-rex/english/news-and-events/right-now/2019/credibility-contests.html

(W/ Joel Busher and Donald Holbrook) ‘Credibility Contests and the Ebb and Flow of Anti-Minority Activism,’ CREST Comment, 30 September 2019:

https://crestresearch.ac.uk/comment/credibility-contests/

(W/ Joel Busher and Donald Holbrook) ‘Explaining non- or limited escalation of violence: The role of “internal brakes”,’ CREST Security Review, no. 9, spring 2019 pp. 22-25:

https://www.crestsecurityreview.com/article/explaining-non-or-limited-escalation-of-violence-the-role-of-internal-brakes  

(W/Joel Busher) ‘Understanding ‘reciprocal radicalisation’ as a component of wider conflict dynamics,’ 3 September 2018, Radicalisation Research, blog hosted by Centre for Research on Security Threats (CREST) available at: https://www.radicalisationresearch.org/debate/busher-reciprocal-radicalisation-wider-dynamics/ 

‘Neo-Nazi terrorist trial concludes after five long years,’ 12 July 2018, part of the “Right Now!” blog series hosted by the Center for Research on Extremism (C-REX), University of Oslo, available at: https://www.sv.uio.no/c-rex/english/news-and-events/right-now/neo-nazi-terrorist-trial.html

‘Patterns of far right and anti-Muslim mobilization in the United Kingdom,’ 11 April 2016, part of the Trouble on the Far Right: European challenge, national actors, local practices’ blog series hosted by Goethe Universität, Frankfurt Am Main, available at http://www.sicherheitspolitik-blog.de/2016/04/10/patterns-of-far-right-and-anti-muslim-mobilisation-in-the-united-kingdom/

  • Macklin, Graham David (2022). The Extreme Right, Climate Change and Terrorism. Terrorism and Political Violence. ISSN 0954-6553. 34(5), p. 979–996. doi: 10.1080/09546553.2022.2069928. Full text in Research Archive
  • Macklin, Graham David & Bjørgo, Tore (2021). Breivik’s Long Shadow? The Impact of the July 22, 2011 Attacks on the Modus Operandi of Extreme-right Lone Actor Terrorists. Perspectives on Terrorism (PT). ISSN 2334-3745. 15(3), p. 14–36. Full text in Research Archive
  • Busher, Joel; Holbrook, Donald & Macklin, Graham David (2021). How the “internal brakes” on violent escalation work and fail: Towards a conceptual framework for understanding intra-group processes of restraint in militant groups. Studies in Conflict and Terrorism. ISSN 1057-610X. doi: 10.1080/1057610X.2021.1872156. Full text in Research Archive
  • Macklin, Graham David (2020). The Internal Brakes on Violent Escalation within the British Extreme Right in the 1990s. Perspectives on Terrorism (PT). ISSN 2334-3745. 14(6), p. 49–64. Full text in Research Archive
  • Macklin, Graham David (2020). Extreme Movements under Extreme Pressure – British Fascists and Uncertainty during World War Two. In Knott, Kim & Matthew, Francis (Ed.), Minority Religions and Uncertainty. Routledge. ISSN 9781472484512.
  • Macklin, Graham David & Fowlie, Craig (2019). The fascist who would be king: Count Geoffrey Potocki de Montalk. Patterns of Prejudice. ISSN 0031-322X. 53(2), p. 152–177. doi: 10.1080/0031322X.2019.1577007.
  • Macklin, Graham David (2019). Greg Johnson and Counter-Currents. In Mark, Sedgwick (Eds.), Key Thinkers of the Radical Right: Behind the New Threat to Liberal Democracy. Oxford University Press. ISSN 9780190877590. doi: DOI:10.1093/oso/9780190877583.003.0013.
  • Busher, Joel; Holbrook, Donald & Macklin, Graham David (2019). The Internal Brakes on Violent Escalation: A Typology. Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression. ISSN 1943-4472. 11(1), p. 3–25. doi: 10.1080/19434472.2018.1551918. Full text in Research Archive
  • Busher, Joel; Harris, Gareth & Macklin, Graham David (2019). Chicken suits and other aspects of situated credibility contests: explaining local trajectories of anti-minority activism. Social Movement Studies. ISSN 1474-2837. 18(2), p. 193–214. doi: 10.1080/14742837.2018.1530978. Full text in Research Archive
  • Macklin, Graham David (2018). "There's a vital lesson here. Let's make sure we learn it": transnational mobilisation and the impact of Greece's Golden Dawn upon extreme right activism in Britain. In Copsey, Nigel & Worley, Matthew (Ed.), "Tomorrow Belongs to Us": The British Far Right since 1967. Routledge. ISSN 978-1-138-67517-9. p. 185–207.
  • Macklin, Graham David; Paul, Thomas; Joel, Busher; Rogerson, Michelle & Christmann, Kris (2018). Hopes and Fears: Community Cohesion and the "White working class" in one of the "failed spaces" of multiculturalism. . Sociology. ISSN 0038-0385. 52(2), p. 884–905.
  • Macklin, Graham David (2018). "Only bullets can stop us!" The banning of National Action in Britain. Perspectives on Terrorism (PT). ISSN 2334-3745. 12(6), p. 104–122. Full text in Research Archive
  • Macklin, Graham David (2018). The evolving historiography of the extreme right in Britain. In Hoffmann, Christhard (Eds.), Migrant Britain. Histories and Historiographies. Essays in Honour of Colin Holmes. Routledge. ISSN 9781138065130. p. 182–192. doi: 10.4324/9781315159959-21.
  • Busher, Joel & Macklin, Graham David (2015). Interpreting ‘Cumulative Extremism’: Six Proposals for Enhancing Conceptual Clarity. Terrorism and Political Violence. ISSN 0954-6553. 27(5), p. 884–905. doi: 10.1080/09546553.2013.870556.
  • Macklin, Graham David (2013). Onward Blackshirts!’ Music and the British Union of Fascists. Patterns of Prejudice. ISSN 0031-322X. 47(5), p. 430–457. doi: 10.1080/0031322X.2013.845447.
  • Macklin, Graham David (2005). Co-opting the counter-culture: Troy Southgate and the National Revolutionary Faction. Patterns of Prejudice. ISSN 0031-322X. 39(3). doi: 10.1080/00313220500198292.

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  • Ashe, Stephen D; Busher, Joel; Macklin, Graham David & Winter, Aaron (2020). Researching the Far Right: Theory, Method and Practice. Routledge. ISBN 9781138219342.
  • Macklin, Graham David (2020). Failed Führers: A History of Britain’s Extreme Right. Routledge. ISBN 9780415627306.
  • Macklin, Graham David (2007). Very Deeply Dyed in Black”: Oswald Mosley and the resurrection of British fascism after 1945. IB Tauris. ISBN 9781845112844. 224 p.

View all works in Cristin

View all works in Cristin

Published Oct. 9, 2017 9:43 AM - Last modified Nov. 1, 2023 2:30 PM

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