Rune Flikke

• Flikke, Rune (2019). Atmosfærer: Luft, lukt og stemning som antropologisk forskningsfelt. Norsk Antropologisk Tidsskrift.  ISSN 0802-7285.  30(1), s 41- 58 . doi: 10.18261/issn.1504-2898-2019-01-04 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Flikke, Rune (2019). Breathing pneumatology: Spirit, wind, and atmosphere in a Zulu Zionist Congregation, In Karen Lauterbach & Mika Vähäkangas (ed.),  Faith in African lived christianity : Bridging anthropological and theological perspectives.  Brill Academic Publishers.  ISBN 978-90-04-41225-5.  14.  s 291 - 313
• Flikke, Rune (2019). Matters that Matter: Air and Atmosphere as Material Politics in South Africa, In Penny Harvey; Christian Krohn-Hansen & Knut Gunnar Nustad (ed.),  Anthropos and the Material.  Duke University Press.  ISBN 9781478002864.  Part III: Material Uncertainties and Heterogeneous Knowledge Practices.  s 179 - 195
• Flikke, Rune (2018). Domestication of air, scent, and disease, In Heather Anne Swanson; Marianne Elisabeth Lien & Gro Birgit Ween (ed.),  Domestication Gone Wild: Politics and practices of multispecies relations..  Duke University Press.  ISBN 978-0-8223-7126-7.  8.  s 176– - 195
• Flikke, Rune (2018). Healing in polluted places: Mountains, air, and weather in Zulu Zionist ritual practice. Journal for the Study of Religion, Nature and Culture (JSRNC).  ISSN 1749-4907.  12(1), s 76- 95 . doi: 10.1558/jsrnc.33646 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Flikke, Rune (2016). Enwinding Social Theory: Wind and Weather in Zulu Zionist Sensorial Experiences. Social Analysis: The International Journal of Anthropology.  ISSN 0155-977X.  60(3), s 95- 111 . doi: 10.3167/sa.2016.600306 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  This article discusses the theoretical potential of air, winds, and atmosphere as they place ux, transience, and motion at the center of the human predicament. Based on ethnographic eldwork conducted among urban Zulu Zionists, it is argued that the winds blowing across the landscape of KwaZulu-Natal also blew through bodies and in the process restructured subjectivities. Through a general discussion of the phenomenal aspects of air, I argue that we need to approach our sen- sory relations to weather and atmosphere with a diachronic focus on changing local body-worlds. This is, I argue, a leap of the imagination that is needed in order to challenge the material and visual that implic- itly underpin much social theory. Such a theoretical move is needed in order to properly approach weather-worlds.

• Flikke, Rune (2016). South African eucalypts: Health, trees, and atmospheres in the colonial contact zone. Geoforum.  ISSN 0016-7185.  76, s 20- 27 . doi: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2016.08.007 Vis sammendrag

  In this article I suggest that a reading of previous studies, which cast the early transfers of eucalyptus to South Africa along economic and aesthetic rationales can be enhanced by medical history. Through a case from King William’s Town in the 1870s, I show that the appeal of the eucalyptus hinged on the olfactory aspect of the trees, which were conceived as an important public health factor. I then proceed to outline how a clearer understanding of the role of olfaction in ecological studies can uncover new aspects of social dynamics and human relations to the natural environment. I argue that taking the atmosphere seriously as the medium through which we interact with the world, opens for an understanding of olfaction as an important and largely unexplored ethos that guided the dramatic reshaping of the colonial landscapes during much of the nineteenth century.

• Kvitberg, Trine & Flikke, Rune (2016). "Wanting Greenlandic Food": a story of food, health, and illness in the life of an elderly Greenlandic woman, In Pävi Naskali; Marjaana Seppänen & Shahnaj Begum (ed.),  Ageing, Wellbeing and Climate Change in the Arctic.  Routledge.  ISBN 9781138891906.  Part 4.  s 181 - 195
• Flikke, Rune (2014). On the fractured, fragmented and disrupted landscapes of conservation. Forum for Development Studies.  ISSN 0803-9410.  41(2), s 173- 182 . doi: 10.1080/08039410.2014.918759
• Flikke, Rune (2014). Writing ‘nature cultures’ in Zulu Zionist healing. Nordic Journal of Science and Technology Studies.  ISSN 1894-4647.  2(1), s 10- 16 . doi: 10.5324/njsts.v2i1.2131 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Mishra, Arima; Flikke, Rune; Nordfeldt, Cecilie & Nyirenda, Lot (2013). "Immunisation is good for your children":local immunisation practices in India and Malawi, In Sidsel Roalkvam; Desmond McNeill & Stuart Blume (ed.),  Protecting the World's Children: Immunisation policies and Practices.  Oxford University Press.  ISBN 978-0-19-966644-7.  Chapter 6.  s 149 - 222
• Nyirenda, Lot & Flikke, Rune (2013). Frontline vaccinators and immunisation coverage in Malawi. Forum for Development Studies.  ISSN 0803-9410.  40(1), s 27- 46 . doi: 10.1080/08039410.2012.725676
• Nyirenda, Lot & Flikke, Rune (2012). Frontline Vaccinators and Immunisation Coverage in Malawi. Forum for Development Studies.  ISSN 0803-9410.  0 . doi: 10.1080/08039410.2012.725676
• Ween, Gro Birgit & Flikke, Rune (2009). Naturen som praksiser: Natur i nyere norsk antropologi. Norsk Antropologisk Tidsskrift.  ISSN 0802-7285.  (1-2), s 6- 15
• Flikke, Rune (2007). Thandis historie. Når tid, sted og kropp møtes. Norsk Antropologisk Tidsskrift.  ISSN 0802-7285.  18(3/4), s 296- 307
• Flikke, Rune (2006). Embodying the occult: religious experiences and ritual practices in urban Zulu Zionism, In Jim Kiernan (ed.),  The Power of the Occult in Modern Africa: Continuity and Innovation in the Renewal of African Cosmologies.  LIT Verlag.  ISBN 3825887618.  Kapittel 9.  s 206 - 240
• Flikke, Rune (2005). Såpe som politisk praksis og religiøs prosess i Sør-Afrika. Norsk Antropologisk Tidsskrift.  ISSN 0802-7285.  (Årg. 16, nr 2/3), s 142- 152
• Flikke, Rune (2004). Book review: �Denmark and the National Liberation in Southern Africa�, Christopher Munthe Morgenstierne. International Journal of African Historical Studies.  ISSN 0361-7882.  37, s 190

Se alle arbeider i Cristin

• Flikke, Rune; Ciancio, Javier E.; Aigo, Juana & Clarke, Rodrigo R. (2019). El polémicosalmón invasor. Desde la Patagonia.  ISSN 2618-5385.  16(27), s 10- 19
• Nustad, Knut Gunnar; Lien, Marianne Elisabeth; Flikke, Rune & Münster, Ursula (2019). Project opening and film screening: an aquatic antropocene? The domestication of fish and rivers.
• Flikke, Rune (2018). Air and atmosphere as a South African contact zone.
• Flikke, Rune (2018). Atmosfærer: Luft og stemning som antropologisk forskningsfelt.
• Flikke, Rune (2018). Domestisering av luft, lukt og sykdom.
• Flikke, Rune (2018). Eucalypts: Alien trees as atmosphere mediators in South Africa. Vis sammendrag

  In this talk I will offer an anthropological perspective on the introduction of eucalypts to South Africa. Most scholars have interpreted the transfers from the Antipodes during the mid-nineteenth century as a response to biological, economic, and aesthetic needs and preferences. By paying attention to certain biological properties of the eucalypts within a political and medical context, I will argue that the enthusiasm with which the eucalypts were planted was related to their ability to safe-guard colonial public spaces plagued by interracial conflicts. In conclusion I will outline how these qualities resurfaced at the turn of the century, but this time as a threat to post-apartheid South Africa.

• Flikke, Rune (2018). Kultur, identitet og sosial organisasjon.
• Flikke, Rune (2018). Luft og atmosfære som antropologisk forskningsfelt.
• Flikke, Rune (2018). Nobjects' som analytisk objekt. Kan vi lære noe nytt av å stirre i luften?.
• Flikke, Rune & Aigo, Juana (2018). Sustainability and the slipperiness of introduced salmonids in Patagonian watersheds.
• Flikke, Rune (2017). Aerial exposure: Atmospheres of ‘otherness’ in South Africa. Vis sammendrag

  In this paper I will take exposure to the African air and atmosphere as the starting point of an analysis of weather as a factor in the development of racial relations in South Africa. I will introduce archival material to argue that the air was conceived as a contact zone, which tied the settler communities directly together with the African landscape and people. Victorian notions of disease and contagion framed this as a problematic exposure to ‘otherness’ in ways that can be traced through changes in inter-racial relations. Through ethnographic material from an African urban township I will argue that these policies influenced the African religious dynamic in ways that brings the analytical focus to the ritual shaping and reshaping of the aerial domain. I will in conclusion suggest that the religious adaptions can be viewed as efforts to ‘breath together’ in an atmosphere saturated by oppression, discrimination, and racial distrust.

• Flikke, Rune (2017, 27. januar). Drømmen om å samle Afrika: mens Europa og USA bygger murer, lever den panafrikanske drømmen videre.  Klassekampen.
• Flikke, Rune (2017). Mountains and Atmospheres in Zulu Zionist ritual practice. Vis sammendrag

  The first Saturday every month at midnight, the Zulu Zionist congregation I worked with would climb a mountaintop in their heavily polluted urban township in Durban, South Africa in search of physical and spiritual healing and restoration. In this paper, I will use an ethnographic case from this event to argue that the ritual process constituted a movement through and engagement with a mountainous landscape which facilitated embodied engagements with the ‘weather-world’ as manifestations of a historical landscape where the spiritual world became tangible and embodied. Within this historical framework pollution was both a source of affliction and healing, hence there was no clear-cut distinction between industrial- and the environmental pollution that has historically been the concern of Zulu healing rituals. As such the status of pollution surfaced at the center of ritual locations, where mountains as contaminated places emerged as important, though highly ambivalent sources of health and wellbeing.

• Flikke, Rune (2017). Rituals of domestication.
• Flikke, Rune (2017). Shamanism, discourse, modernity by Thomas Karl Alberts. American Ethnologist.  ISSN 0094-0496.  44(1), s 161- 162 . doi: 10.1111/amet.12447
• Flikke, Rune (2017). Trær og landskapsendringer som spor av rasepolitikk i Sør-Afrika. Vis sammendrag

  I denne presentasjonen vil jeg bruke arkivmateriale til å utforske sammenhengen mellom landskapsendringer, raserelasjoner og kroppsliggjøringsprosesser. Utgangspunktet er importen av eukalyptustrær fra Australia til Sør-Afrika fra 1870-tallet som dramatisk endret landskapet på måter som kan spores til nåtidens sørafrikanske politiske og økonomiske struktur. Disse landskapsendringene har blitt studert som økonomiske og estetiske endringer knyttet til gruvedriften og europeiske settleres nostalgiske forhold til skogkledde landskap. Ved hjelp av nyere antropologisk og arkeologisk teori vil jeg argumentere for at vi også må lese disse landskapsendringene som en historie om et feilslått forsøk på å skape offentlige rom som tillot en grad av sameksistens mellom sorte og hvite. De hvite fryktet afrikanske annerledeshet og endret landskapet for å bearbeide afrikanske kropper. Selve grunnlaget for disse endringene forsvant med Robert Kochs oppdagelse av bakterier som smittekilde i 1883. Jeg vil konkludere med at denne medisinske revolusjonen endret hvordan vi erfarer egne og andres kropper. Fra å bearbeide raserelasjoner ved å jobbe med landskapet, ble fokus gradvis rettet mot å trekke grenser i landskapet — en logikk som endte opp som apartheid. For å se sammenhengen mellom beplantningen av det sørafrikanske landskapet og rasepolitikk må vi også forstå endringene i kroppsliggjøringsprosesser som skjedde i kraft av den biomedisinske revolusjonen og utviklingen av en kropp som har blitt stadig mer lukket og avgrenset fra omverdenen.

• Flikke, Rune & Pettrém, Maria (2017, 01. mars). Forelesernes dramatiske historier: knivstukket på åpen gate.  Universitas.
• Flikke, Rune (2016). Air and ritual landscapes in Zulu Zionist practice. Vis sammendrag

  Based on three years of anthropological fieldwork in a Zulu Zionist congregation I will show that the interface between the atmosphere and landscape are of vital concern for contemporary ritual practices in South Africa’s African Independent Churches (AIC). I suggest that rituals work on the atmosphere by moving in and working on landscapes in order to improve their predicament in life. I will argue that new theoretical approaches to air and atmosphere could potentially draw on theological insights as well as stimulate theorizing on the connections between spiritual experiences and life in the weather-world.

• Flikke, Rune (2016). Colonial atmospheres and the emergence of racial identities in Colonial South Africa.
• Flikke, Rune (2016). Colonial atmospheres and the emergence of racial identities in South Africa. Vis sammendrag

  Recent studies have emphasized that the colonial conquest of southern Africa spurred a plethora of new subjectivities. I will add to this body of literature by placing the rather elusive materiality of atmospheres, wind and weather at the center of the colonial contact zone. I will use historical sources to suggest that a hitherto overlooked aspect of colonialism was a struggle to control and influence the air. Settler communities experienced the atmosphere as an aspect of African nature and people with dire consequences for health, and consequently strove to reshape both the natural- and social surroundings to ‘deodorize the air’. Combining these historical sources with contemporary ethnographic evidence from the Zulu Zionist movement in Durban, South Africa, I will argue that contemporary Zulu Zionists ritual practices can be viewed as a creative engagement with European practices of ‘air conditioning’, which aimed to enclose and purify the colonial atmosphere. This will allow me to trace contemporary ritual practices as ways to materially create new subjectivities in relation to an aerial contact zone that connected atmosphere with olfactive traces of race, prosperity, poverty, health and disease.

• Flikke, Rune (2016). Colonial conspiracies: air, atmosphere and racial identities in South Africa. Vis sammendrag

  Recent studies have emphasized that the colonial conquest of southern Africa spurred a plethora of new subjectivities. I will add to this body of literature by placing the rather elusive materiality of atmospheres, wind and weather at the center of the colonial contact zone. I will use historical sources to suggest that a hitherto overlooked aspect of colonialism was a struggle to control and influence the air. Settler communities experienced the atmosphere as an aspect of African nature and people with dire consequences for health, and consequently strove to reshape both the natural- and social surroundings to ‘deodorize the air’. Combining these historical sources with contemporary ethnographic evidence from the Zulu Zionist movement in Durban, South Africa, I will argue that contemporary Zulu Zionists ritual practices can be viewed as a creative engagement with European practices of ‘air conditioning’, which aimed to enclose and purify the colonial atmosphere. This will allow me to trace contemporary ritual practices as ways to materially create new subjectivities in relation to an aerial contact zone that connected atmosphere with olfactive traces of race, prosperity, poverty, health and disease.

• Flikke, Rune (2016). Domestisering av vind og vær som identitetspolitikk i koloniale Sør-Afrika. Vis sammendrag

  I dette paperet tar jeg utgangspunkt i noen koloniale praksiser som tok sikte på å endre det afrikanske landskapet. Jeg vil argumentere at disse praksisene, som en integrert del av koloniale “acclimatisation societies” var rettet mot jordbruk og kultivering av jordsmonnet, men var fundert i en bekymring for farlige konsekvenser knyttet til den afrikanske luften og atmosfæren. Jeg vil argumentere for at et etnografisk fokus på luft som medium er overskridende og kan gi nye innsikter i sosiale prosesser. Luften er i oss og rundt oss og binder oss slik til landskap så vel som andre mennesker. I et slikt perspektiv vil jeg argumentere for at den koloniale domestiseringen av atmosfæren la grunnlaget for en identitetspolitikk vi kan spore inn i post-apartheid Sør-Afrika, hvor afrikanske helbredelsesritualer fortsetter å jobbe med kontroll av luft, vind og vær i forsøk på å sikre et godt liv i et samfunn som fortsatt sliter med arven fra apartheid, hvor skillet mellom sort og hvit fortsatt i stor grad determinerer sosial posisjon.

• Nustad, Knut Gunnar; Flikke, Rune & Berg, Cato (2016). Trout, temporalities and capitalism in the Aurland Valley, Western Norway.
• Flikke, Rune (2015). Colonial atmospheres and the emergence of African Independent Churches (AIC).
• Flikke, Rune (2015). Domestication of air,scent and disease.
• Flikke, Rune (2014). Materializing the Immaterial: Wind and Weather in the Zulu Zionist Experience.
• Flikke, Rune (2014). Materializing the immaterial: On the ritual embodiment of wind, weather and atmosphere among Zulu Zionists.
• Flikke, Rune (2014). Smell of disease, scent of progress: domesticating the olfactory aspects of colonial landscapes.
• Flikke, Rune (2014). The scent of progress: eucalyptus as a South African companion species.
• Flikke, Rune (2014). Weathered bodies: weather and atmosphere as health and disease in contemporary Zulu Zionism.
• Flikke, Rune & P2, NRK (2014, 07. april). 50 er de nye 30. [Radio].  NRK, P2, Ekko.
• Flikke, Rune (2013). Antropologiske tanker om ensomhet og tilhørighet.
• Flikke, Rune (2013). Smell of decay, scent of progress: eucalyptus as a public health actor in Victorian South Africa.
• Flikke, Rune (2012). Hvordan skriver jeg natur?.
• Flikke, Rune (2012). Noen perspektiv på ensomhet blant studenter.
• Flikke, Rune (2012). Sacrifice among Zulu Zionists.
• Flikke, Rune (2012). Wind, weather, and well-being in Zulu Ritual Practice.
• Flikke, Rune (2011). Bokanmeldelse: Kolonitid. Nordmenn på eventyr og big business i Afrika og Stillehavet. Norsk Antropologisk Tidsskrift.  ISSN 0802-7285.  22(1), s 62- 64
• Flikke, Rune (2011). Mapping land—mapping people: conceptualizing disease in historical South Africa. Vis sammendrag

  In this paper I will argue that technologies of mapping have been essential in the development of racial segregation in Colonial-, Union-, and Apartheid South Africa. Starting with the early explorers I will argue that the first mapping of the African continent was a medical quest. As the colonization of the African continent intensified, both the scale of the maps and the object of the mapping changed (Stone 1995). Using a Foucauldian approach to health and disease as aspects of spatial arrangements (Armstrong 1995). I will first trace the shifting medical gaze as it moves from land to people, and the growing desire to map the surface of a collective ‘African body’. Secondly, I will suggest that changes in medical and economical knowledge refocused the mapping quest to the African ‘soul’ (McCulloch 1995). In the process, I will suggest that the shifts in these different mapping strategies were intimately linked to economic considerations (Cell 1982). Hence I will conclude that economy and mapping as ‘disease surveillance’ were prime movers in the development of Apartheid.

• Flikke, Rune (2011). The Health Surveillance Assistant and Immunization Coverage in Malawi.
• Flikke, Rune (2011). Wind, weather, and occult experiences among Zulu Zionists. Vis sammendrag

  Wind, weather and climate have always influenced human adaptation to the natural environment, yet it has received little analytical attention in anthropological research until recently. In this paper I intend to foreground experiences of meteorological conditions to show how a phenomenological approach to weather have analytical potential in studies of Zulu religious practices in general and individual occult experiences in particular. In conclusion I will come with some general suggestions as to why wind and weather appears to have poignancy in the sphere of religious experiences. Furthermore, I will argue that these embodied experiences of wind are intimately related to cultural specific discourses on the body and the environment.

• Flikke, Rune (2011). Zulu Zionist experiences with wind and weather in times of trouble.
• Flikke, Rune (2010). An introduction to Jean and John Comaroff.
• Flikke, Rune (2010). Christianity, Healing and African Worldviews.
• Flikke, Rune (2010, 07. november). Søndagsåpent P2. Diskusjon med Erik Solheim om religion og bistandsarbeid. [Radio].  NRK, P2.
• Flikke, Rune; Arne Cato, Berg & Nustad, Knut G (2010). Imagining Fish and Rivers in Aurland, Norway.
• Flikke, Rune (2009, 28. oktober). Hvorfor døde presidentens tante? Demokratiske prosesser utløser heksekrefter i den afrikanske makteliten.  Bistands aktuelt.
• Flikke, Rune (2009). Thandi’s Story: Everyday Life, trauma, and Healing in a South African Township. Vis sammendrag

  The paper recounts Thandi’s dramatic story as told during fieldwork in Durban, South Africa during the 1990s. After a brutal attack she experienced being possessed by ancestral spirits. The paper will outline an approach to her bodily manifestations of possession on two levels. First, the body is understood as historically structured—as embedded in time and space—and actively structures subjective experiences. Secondly, I will suggest a theoretical approach, which connects her traumatic experiences with the realm of the occult as collective memories and historical processes released as pathologies in Thandi’s body. In this part I intend to juxtapose two apparently opposed theories: Bourdieu’s habitus and Sartre’s theory of magic and the revolutionary consciousness. Relying on Ernesto de Martino’s concept “la crisi della presenza” I will connect the two showing how habitus explains Thandi’s reactions to and experiences during and after the attack, whereas Sartre’s theory is useful in showing her rapid healing process.

• Flikke, Rune & Simonsen, Jan Ketil (2009). Motstandskamp og fag: Et intervju med Axel Sommerfelt. Norsk Antropologisk Tidsskrift.  ISSN 0802-7285.  20(4), s 263- 277
• Flikke, Rune (2008). Benedicte Ingstad: Medisinsk antropologi. En innføring. Norsk Antropologisk Tidsskrift.  ISSN 0802-7285.  19(4), s 261- 262
• Flikke, Rune (2008). Tree of Life—tree of death: Eucalyptus in a changing South African landscape.
• Flikke, Rune (2008). "Walking in the Spirit": The complexity of belonging in two Pentecostal churches in Durban, South Africa. Journal of Anthropological Research.  ISSN 0091-7710.  64, s 305- 306
• Flikke, Rune (2008). Zulu Zionist experiences withwind and weather in times of trouble.
• Roalkvam, Sidsel; Nordfeldt, Cecilie & Flikke, Rune (2008). An anthropological approach to understanding differences in Immunization coverage.
• Flikke, Rune (2007). Antropologisk perspektiv på HIV/AIDS- epidemien i Sør-Afrika.
• Flikke, Rune (2007, 01. april). De som studerer oss.  Klansropet, nr 74.
• Flikke, Rune (2007, 17. juli). Der de gamle gudene består.  Vårt Land.
• Flikke, Rune (2007). Erfaringer med bruk av flervalgstest på Sosant1000, introduksjon til antropologi.
• Flikke, Rune (2007). Fieldwork: participant observation as a research method—and a tool for challenging assumptions?.
• Flikke, Rune (2007). Kvalitetstesting med Fronters prøveverktøy? Erfaring med flervalgsprøver I antropologi.
• Flikke, Rune (2007). Natural possession? Wind, weather, climate and occult experiences among Zulu Zionists. Vis sammendrag

  Wind, weather and climate have always influenced human adaptation to the natural environment, yet it has received little analytical attention in anthropological research until recently. In this paper I intend to foreground experiences of wind and weather to show how a phenomenological approach to weather have analytical potential in studies of Zulu religious practices in general and individual occult experiences in particular. In conclusion I will come with some general suggestions as to why wind and weather appears to have poignancy in the sphere of religious experiences.

• Flikke, Rune (2007). Okkulte erfaringer og modernitet blant zulusionister i Sør-Afrika.
• Flikke, Rune (2007). Okkultisme i dagens Sør-Afrika. Parapsykologiske Notiser.  ISSN 0333-1172.  (63), s 53- 57
• Flikke, Rune (2007). Thandis historie: når tid, sted og kropp møtes. Vis sammendrag

  I snart 500 år har Sør-Afrika vært en kulturell, politisk og økonomisk kontaktsone preget av konflikter. Grenser har blitt trukket, falt og omdefinert i kampen om ressurser og undertrykkende politiske systemer har kommet og gått. I dette innlegget vil jeg argumentere for at ytre politiske, sosiale og økonomiske grenser kan nedfelles i kropper som indre grenser og vedvare lenge etter de sosiale strukturene som formet dem er borte. Gjennom et fokus på deler av sykdomshistorien til Thandi, en av mine hovedinformanter, vil jeg argumentere for to ting: For det første at kroppen kan forståes som et sted hvor tid og rom er nedfelt på måter som aktivt former subjekters erfaringsvirkelighet. For det andre, dette utgangspunktet kan bli brukt for å studere religiøse erfaringer koblet til hennes lidelser. Jeg vil foreslå at hennes okkulte erfaringer er best forstått som historie som kroppsliggjorte kollektive minner. Disse historiske minnene manifesteres som fysiske møter med andre tider og steder og utfolder seg som patologiske prosesser i Thandis kropp. Jeg vil konkludere med at okkulte erfaringer er et direkte resultat av Sør-Afrikas undertrykkende politiske historiske som aktiveres i nye kontekster av sosial lidelse, uten at de som lider erkjenner erfaringene som kroppslig, kollektiv hukommelse.

• Flikke, Rune (2007). The strong state and changing attitudes to immunization among the Zulu.
• Flikke, Rune (2006). Anthropological perspectives on the use of medicine.
• Flikke, Rune (2006). Fortellinger om lidelse—fortellinger om natur: Vind, vær og natur i zulusionisters lidelseshistorier.
• Flikke, Rune (2006). Offentlig helse som religiøs praksis: Et historisk blikk på sykdom, helse og rase i Sør-Afrika.
• Flikke, Rune (2006). The reluctant Zionist: colonial biopolitics and contemporary ritual practices.
• Flikke, Rune (2006). Innledning til debatt av John Chernoffs bok "Hustling is not Stealing".
• Flikke, Rune (2006). Longitudinal fieldwork: South Africa’s many faces, 1987–2000.
• Flikke, Rune (2006). Review of Igoe and Kelsall (eds) “Between a Rock and a Hard Place: African NGOs, Donors and the State”. International Journal of African Historical Studies.  ISSN 0361-7882.  39(3), s 555- 556
• Flikke, Rune (2005). 400 års gyldighet. Morgenbladet.  ISSN 0805-3847.  s 24
• Flikke, Rune (2005). Epidemier, offentlig helsepolitikk og religiøs endring i Sør-Afrika.
• Flikke, Rune (2005). Hekseri, kultur og mental helse i Afrika.
• Flikke, Rune (2005). Historie og minneproduksjon i nyere afrikansk etnografi.
• Flikke, Rune (2005). Historie, minner og vitnesbyrd: Kropp som kilde til historisk kunnskap.
• Flikke, Rune (2005). Spor av historie: zulusionist ritualer som inngang til forståelse av kolonialisme.
• Flikke, Rune (2005, 22. september). Toleranse i Norge før og nå. [TV].  UiO.
• Flikke, Rune & Barth, Theodor (2005). Om temaparet narrasjon og lidelse. Antropolognytt.  ISSN 0332-9429.
• Flikke, Rune (2004). In search of a black civility: African Independent Churches and the African American influence.
• Flikke, Rune (2004). In search of a black civility: African Independent Churches and the African American influence. Vis sammendrag

  This paper is based on three years of anthropological fieldwork in Zulu Zionist congregations in Durban, South Africa. As part of the larger African Independent Church Movement (AIC) the Zionists were largely characterized as apolitical and removed from the struggle against apartheid and the democracy building processes in post-apartheid South Africa. Though this characterization at best is a partial truth, the focus on Ethiopia and Zion, where the believers could live in peace without interference from the apartheid state and paternalistic European missionaries constituted a form of self-up-liftment that corresponded well with the apartheid�s doctrine of self-determination. This paper will explore the historical influence of the AME church, Garveyanism and Booker T. Washington in the development of the African Independent Churches in South Africa. After the Bambatha rebellion in 1906�8 was blamed on the Afro-American influence and churches like the AME were banned from several of the South African colonies, I will argue that the trans-Atlantic influence continued to shape the Zulu Zionist movement. I will explore some of the venues through this was expressed and trace the influence back to an African cultural resurgence that still shape dominant aspects of the Zionist movement in South Africa. From the its early origins in the 1870�s the African Independent Churches, �Ethiopianism� as it was known by the colonialists, were greatly influenced by the AME church and the political sentiments of Booker T. Washington and Marcus Garvey.

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