Elina Inkeri Hartikainen

• Hartikainen, Elina I (2026). Narrating religious intolerance, constructing secularism: Chronotopes of raced secularism and abnormal religious violence at a parliamentary commission in Brazil. Studies in Religion. ISSN 0008-4298. doi: 10.1177/00084298261487183. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This article examines how narrative chronotopes that organize state efforts to govern religion and religious violence contribute to the racialization of secularism in Brazil. Through an analysis of the chronotopes that structured conversations between legislators and invited government representatives at the Parliamentary Commission for Inquiry into Religious Intolerance convened by the Legislative Assembly of the State of Rio de Janeiro in 2021, the author shows how these narrative constructions conditioned the commission’s analysis of religious violence in the state. On one level, it produced a powerful critique of the racial organization of secularism in Brazil; on another, it construed the attacks the commission had been tasked with investigating as social aberrations that were beyond the purview of “normal” governance of religion. The end result was a consolidation of the very forms of raced secularism that the commission otherwise critiqued.

• Hartikainen, Elina I. (2026). What Do Modernist Imaginaries of Circulation Do, and Where Do They Come From? Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology. ISSN 1444-2213. s. 1–4. doi: 10.1080/14442213.2026.2636476. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hartikainen, Elina Inkeri (2025). Chronotopes of law and “dark minds’: Judicial constructions of historicity in the Brazilian supreme court. History and Anthropology. ISSN 0275-7206. 36(5), s. 905–928. doi: 10.1080/02757206.2025.2562808. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  What forms of historicity do judicial rulings on discrimination construct, and how? This paper examines this question through an analysis of judicial opinions presented in 2019 by the Brazilian Supreme Court on ADO 26 (Direct Action for the Declaration of Unconstitutionality by Omission Case 26). This case was a constitutional law case that alleged that the country’s federal legislature’s failure to criminalize homo – and transphobic violence constituted a breach of a constitutional obligation to legislate against all forms of discrimination. I show that the modes of legal reasoning and historical analysis that the Court’s Justices relied on to establish their jurisdictional authority and justify their opinions on the case were constitutive of a chronotope of liberal law and a regime of liberal historicity that at once posited the country’s liberal order as timeless and under threat from anti-liberal forces. In combination, they established a powerful grounding for the Supreme Court’s ruling on the case. However, at the same time they also construed homo – and transphobia as external threats to Brazil’s liberal order in ways that foreclosed analysis of the ways in which the two co-existed with each other.

• Hartikainen, Elina Inkeri (2025). Uskonnollisen suvaitsemattomuuden oikeuskäsittely Afrobrasilialaiset uskonnot, julkinen tila ja kansallinen yhteisö 2000-luvun Brasiliassa. I Kallinen, Timo & Laitila, Teuvo (Red.), Sekularismit: Uskonnon ja maallisen rajankäyntejä. SKS Finnish Literature Society. ISSN 9789518589511. s. 318–346. doi: 10.21435/tl.295. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Saako uskonto näkyä julkisuudessa? Voiko media päättää, mitkä uskonnot ovat yhteiskunnallisesti sopivia? Ovatko uskonnolliset kohteet nähtävyyksiä – vai pyhiä paikkoja, joita tulisi kunnioittaa? Näissä kiistoissa ja keskusteluissa on kyse sekularismista, jota voidaan kutsua myös maallisuudeksi tai tunnustuksettomuudeksi. Kokoomateos osoittaa, että sekularismeja on monenlaisia. Valtio voi pyrkiä hävittämään uskonnon tai alistamaan sen osaksi omaa maallista ideologiaansa. Esimerkiksi kolonialistisessa sekularismissa länsimaiset vallanpitäjät sanelivat, millaista uskontoa voitiin ylipäätään harjoittaa. Uskonnon yhteiskunnallisen aseman lisäksi tärkeä kysymys on, millaiset katsomukset kelpuutetaan uskonnoksi ja millaiset taas leimataan taikauskoksi. Teos auttaa ymmärtämään, miksi uskonnon näkyvyydestä ja vaikutuksesta yhteiskunnassa yhä kiistellään. Se soveltuu niin alan tutkijoille, opiskelijoille kuin kaikille, joita kiinnostaa yhteiskunnan ja uskonnon monimutkainen suhde. Abstract (English) Secularisms: Negotiating boundaries between the religious and the secular is a Finnish-language edited volume that explores the multiplicity of secularisms in both past and present from a global perspective. The twelve authors represent five different disciplines: the study of religion, anthropology, theology, church history, and political history. The volume is divided into four parts, each united by a common theme. The first part focuses on concepts related to secularism and the roots of secularist thought in Christianity. The second part discusses the different histories of state secularisms through cases of the Soviet Union, Turkey, and Indonesia. The third part examines how religion is portrayed in the Finnish public sphere, with cases on women’s spirituality and debates within the peace movement. The fourth and final part focuses on the legacy of secularist colonial policies in the Global South, with examples from Madagascar, Ghana, and Brazil.

• Hartikainen, Elina Inkeri (2025). Religious Intolerance and the Semiotics of Secular Indeterminacy in Brazil. Signs and Society. ISSN 2326-4489. 13(1), s. 78–101. doi: 10.1017/sas.2024.4. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The functioning of the liberal order relies on the semiotic indeterminacy of its key concepts—they need to be broad enough to encompass multiple, and at times conflicting articulations—but the denotational open-endedness of these concepts also renders them particularly useful for efforts to unsettle liberal political projects. In Brazil, state institutions’ secularist commitments to retaining “religion” and its derivates as denotationally indeterminant both constrain efforts to combat Evangelical Christian “religious intolerance” against African origin religious traditions and enable Evangelical Christian graftings of the discourse of “religious intolerance” onto claims that frame the efforts to curb their attacks on religious and sexual minorities as a form of religious persecution. These effects are, however, rendered invisible by the state emphasis on the denotational open-endedness of “religious intolerance,” which obscures the different forms of enregisterment that organize the entextualization of the term in religious activist and government spaces in Brazil.

• Hartikainen, Elina (2022). Religious Intolerance, Ethnoracial Law and the Shifting Landscape of Afro-Brazilian Religious Rights in 21st Century Brazil. ABYA-YALA: revista sobre acesso a justiça e direitos nas Américas. ISSN 2526-6675. 6(1), s. 48–86. doi: 10.26512/abyayala.v6i1.39160. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hartikainen, Elina (2021). Kuka harjoittaa afrobrasilialaisia uskontoja, sanoo sen! Väestönlaskentakampanja aktivistivaltion rakentajana Brasiliassa 2010. I Tammisto, Tuomas & Wilenius, Heikki (Red.), Valtion antropologiaa : tutkimuksia ihmisten hallitsemisesta ja vastarinnasta. SKS: Finnish Literature Society. ISSN 9789518583984. s. 45–75. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hartikainen, Elina (2021). Racismo Religioso, Discriminação e Preconceito Religioso, Liberdade Religiosa: Controvérsias sobre as Relações entre Estado e Religião no Brasil Atual. Debates do NER. ISSN 1982-8136. 40, s. 89–114. doi: 10.22456/1982-8136.120588. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Este artigo estende a análise de Ana Paula Mendes de Miranda quanto à complexa relação entre as ideologias raciais brasileiras e a hostilidade às religiões de matriz africana, bem como à "política dos terreiros" advinda dessa relação, situando-as em um contexto mais amplo de debates sobre o tipo de sociedade que o Brasil é e deveria ser. Para este fim, será examinado como as noções de racismo religioso, de discriminação e preconceito religioso e de liberdade religiosa foram e são articuladas de diferentes maneiras por tribunais brasileiros e por militantes de religiões de matriz africana, e como essas articulações são diferentemente posicionadas e constitutivas das contestações sobre as relações entre Estado e religião.

• Hartikainen, Elina & Oikkonen, Venla (2020). Koronapandemia ja arjen ristiriidat. Ilmiö: sosiologinen media kaikille. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hartikainen, Elina (2020). Religion, Law, and Bolsonaro’s Decree on Essential Services. Cultural Anthropology Fieldsights. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hartikainen, Elina (2019). Evaluating faith after conversion: Arguments in religious media on the place of religious expertise in asylum appeals in Finland. Approaching Religion. 9(1-2), s. 41–56. doi: 10.30664/ar.80355. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hartikainen, Elina (2019). Nimittelyn loukkaavuus ei ole asennekysymys. Antroblogi. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hartikainen, Elina (2019). Candomblé and the Academic’s Tools: Religious Expertise and the Binds of Recognition in Brazil. American Anthropologist. ISSN 0002-7294. 121(4), s. 815–829. doi: 10.1111/aman.13272. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hartikainen, Elina (2019). Adjudicating Religious Intolerance: Afro-Brazilian Religions, Public Space and the National Collective in Twenty-First-Century Brazil. Religion and Society: Advances in Research. ISSN 2150-9298. 10, s. 92–110. doi: 10.3167/arrs.2019.100108. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hartikainen, Elina (2018). A Politics of Respect: Reconfiguring Democracy in Afro-Brazilian Religious Activism. American Ethnologist. ISSN 0094-0496. 45(1), s. 87–99. doi: 10.1111/amet.12601. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hartikainen, Elina (2017). Chronotopic Realignments and the Shifting Semiotics and Politics of Visibility in Brazilian Candomblé Activism. Signs and Society. ISSN 2326-4489. 5(2), s. 356–389. doi: 10.1086/693784. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hartikainen, Elina (2008). African Accents, Speaking Child Spirits and the Brazilian Popular Imaginary: Permutations of Africanness in Candomblé. I Palmié, Stephan (Red.), Africas of the Americas: Beyond the Search for Origins in the Study of Afro-Atlantic Religions. De Gruyter Brill. ISSN 9789004164727. s. 323–349. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

Se alle arbeider i NVA

• Graan, Andrew; Hartikainen, Elina; Kallinen, Timo; Laakkonen, Ville; Tammisto, Tuomas & Tuominen, Pekka [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Editorial: on open access publishing. Suomen Antropologi. ISSN 0355-3930. 43(1), s. 1–5. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hartikainen, Elina (2010). Missä Afrikka? Kenen Afrikka? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

Se alle arbeider i NVA