Stephen von Tetzchner

• Tetzchner, Stephen von; Smith, Martine M.; Soto, Gloria & Stadskleiv, Kristine (2026). Augmentative and Alternative Communication and Language: Some Old and New Urgent Issues. Current Developmental Disorders Reports. 13(1). doi: 10.1007/s40474-026-00363-4. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Purpose of Review Some children struggle with speech development and a small minority never achieve intelligible speech. This review explores research on the use of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) to support their development of communication and language. Recent findings There is no generally accepted definition of AAC or coherent theoretical framework, and the nature of AAC is rarely discussed. Most AAC research concerns short-term interventions and studies on AAC processes and development are rare. Longitudinal studies are generally lacking and many central issues in research on spoken language development have received limited attention in AAC research, including vocabulary use, figurative language, and bimodal and bilingual development. Communication is often slow among individuals with severe speech and motor disabilities and artificial intelligence has been suggested to increase conversational speed. Summary Most research on AAC concern intervention and typically report short-term results, while many of the issues addressed in research on spoken language are not addressed. Theoretical and empirical bases for understanding AAC development are lacking. This implies that a significant basis for AAC intervention is lacking. After 40 years of research, there are still core issues that have not been sufficiently addressed. This paper outlines these issues to inform new directions in AAC research and practice.

• Batorowicz, Beata; Stadskleiv, Kristine; Campell, Fiona & Tetzchner, Stephen von (2025). Unraveling time in communicative interactions involving children who use aided communication. Augmentative and Alternative Communication : AAC. ISSN 0743-4618. doi: 10.1080/07434618.2025.2477701. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Time use and timing are of particular relevance for people who use communication aids because of the role time plays in communication. However, the use of time in real-life communicative interactions of aided communicators has not been much researched. The present study explores time use in goal-oriented and activity-based communicative interactions involving 72 children who used aided communication and 56 children who used natural speech, aged 5–15 years, and their communication partners. The children using aided communication took significantly longer time than their naturally speaking peers to complete the tasks using language. Access method, whether direct or scanning, did impact aided communicators’ time use, with children using direct access being faster than children using scanning. Time use was not statistically related to age or verbal comprehension but was related to non-verbal reasoning: to communicate with their partners, children with higher non-verbal reasoning scores used less time than children with lower reasoning scores. Regardless of access method, aided communicators who used less time to communicate had more success in solving the tasks. The results suggest that to tackle the issue of time, aided language interventions with children could focus on communicative problem-solving with partners in real-life situations.

• Tetzchner, Stephen von (2025). Augmentative and alternative communication as language development. Revista de Logopedia, Foniatria y Audiologia. ISSN 0214-4603. 45(4). doi: 10.1016/j.rlfa.2025.100535. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skei, Lynn; Skei, Sigmund; Tetzchner, Stephen von; Hartshorne, Timothy & Landrø, Nils Inge (2023). The assessment and diagnosis of intellectual disability when development is atypical. A Norwegian population study of individuals with CHARGE syndrome. International Journal of Neuroscience. ISSN 0020-7454. doi: 10.1080/00207454.2023.2240485. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Fjeldvang, Ragnhild Therese; Nordaas, Marit Giske; Tetzchner, Stephen von & Stadskleiv, Kristine (2023). Measuring impact of augmentative and alternative communication interventions: adapting the family impact of assistive technology scale for augmentative and alternative communication (FIATS-AAC-No) for use in Norway. Augmentative and Alternative Communication : AAC. ISSN 0743-4618. 39(3), s. 170–180. doi: 10.1080/07434618.2023.2170276. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Individuals who require augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) comprise a heterogeneous group, but all need follow-up to assure the appropriateness of implemented interventions. To enable this, outcome measures such as the Family Impact of Assistive Technology Scale for Augmentative and Alternative Communication (FIATS-AAC) may be used. However, instrument must be adapted to the language and culture in which they are to be used. The aim of the study was to therefore to explore the suitability of the Norwegian short-form version (FIATS-AAC-No) by investigating the reliability, validity, and perceived clinical usefulness. The study utilized a mixed-method design, including an online survey and two small group interviews. In total, 47 parents responded to the online survey. The online survey was comprised of three questionnaires, where FIATS-AAC-No was one of the questionnaires. Two group interviews, with two parents and two clinicians, were conducted. Findings show satisfactorily reliability, construct validity and content validity. The interviews revealed a need for specification of key concepts, that there are challenges involved in being parents of a child needing AAC, and that completing questionnaires was perceived as stressful by many parents. The clinicians viewed the FIATS-AAC-No as a potentially useful clinical tool and expressed that it brought to attention the need for follow-up parents have.

• Skei, Lynn; Tetzchner, Stephen von; Hartshorne, Timothy; Skei, Sigmund & Landrø, Nils Inge (2023). Executive Functions in a Population of Individuals with CHARGE Syndrome: Findings from Performance-Based and Rating Scale Measures According to a 3-Factor Model. Developmental Neurorehabilitation. ISSN 1751-8423. doi: 10.1080/17518423.2023.2242942. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Neuvonen, Kirsi A.; Smith, Martine M.; Launonen, Kaisa & Tetzchner, Stephen von (2022). Communication partner strategies in negotiation for meaning in interactions involving aided communication. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics. ISSN 0269-9206. doi: 10.1080/02699206.2022.2148130. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tetzchner, Stephen von (2022). Introduction to BAC: Theory, methods, findings and practical implications. I Tetzchner, Stephen von & Murray, Janice (Red.), Becoming an Aided Communicator (BAC): Theory, wethods, findings and practical implications. Proceedings of Communication Matters’ Study Day, Leeds, June 21st 2022.. Communication Matters. ISSN 9781910029824. s. 5–8. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Neuvonen, Kirsi; Balkom, Hans van; Deliberato, Débora & Tetzchner, Stephen von (2022). Vocabulary use in aided communication. I Tetzchner, Stephen von & Murray, Janice (Red.), Becoming an Aided Communicator (BAC): Theory, wethods, findings and practical implications. Proceedings of Communication Matters’ Study Day, Leeds, June 21st 2022.. Communication Matters. ISSN 9781910029824. s. 21–26. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Stadskleiv, Kristine; Balkom, Hans van & Tetzchner, Stephen von (2022). Cognition and assessment. I Tetzchner, Stephen von & Murray, Janice (Red.), Becoming an Aided Communicator (BAC): Theory, wethods, findings and practical implications. Proceedings of Communication Matters’ Study Day, Leeds, June 21st 2022.. Communication Matters. ISSN 9781910029824. s. 10–20. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Batorowicz, Beata; Oxley, Judith D.; Renner, Gregor; Mendes, Elisabete & Tetzchner, Stephen von (2022). Communication aids and participation. I Tetzchner, Stephen von & Murray, Janice (Red.), Becoming an Aided Communicator (BAC): Theory, wethods, findings and practical implications. Proceedings of Communication Matters’ Study Day, Leeds, June 21st 2022.. Communication Matters. ISSN 9781910029824. s. 36–45. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Murray, Janice; Batorowicz, Beata; Deliberato, Débora; Drosopoulou, Christina Sotiropoulou; Launonen, Kaisa & Massaro, Munique [Vis alle 16 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Reflections on the discussions. I Tetzchner, Stephen von & Murray, Janice (Red.), Becoming an Aided Communicator (BAC): Theory, wethods, findings and practical implications. Proceedings of Communication Matters’ Study Day, Leeds, June 21st 2022.. Communication Matters. ISSN 9781910029824. s. 51–70. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Smith, Martine M.; Neuvonen, Kirsi; Murray, Janice & Tetzchner, Stephen von (2022). Conversations and aided communication. I Tetzchner, Stephen von & Murray, Janice (Red.), Becoming an Aided Communicator (BAC): Theory, wethods, findings and practical implications. Proceedings of Communication Matters’ Study Day, Leeds, June 21st 2022.. Communication Matters. ISSN 9781910029824. s. 27–35. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Walter, Cátia Crivelenti de Figueiredo; Stadskleiv, Kristine; Murray, Janice & Tetzchner, Stephen von (2022). After BAC – Participants' reflections on involvement in research. I Tetzchner, Stephen von & Murray, Janice (Red.), Becoming an Aided Communicator (BAC): Theory, wethods, findings and practical implications. Proceedings of Communication Matters’ Study Day, Leeds, June 21st 2022.. Communication Matters. ISSN 9781910029824. s. 46–50. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Stadskleiv, Kristine; Batorowicz, Beata; Sandberg, Annika Dahlgren; Launonen, Kaisa; Murray, Janice & Neuvonen, Kirsi [Vis alle 14 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Aided communication, mind understanding and co-construction of meaning. Developmental Neurorehabilitation. ISSN 1751-8423. doi: 10.1080/17518423.2022.2099030. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Mind understanding allows for the adaptation of expressive language to a listener and is a core element when communicating new information to a communication partner. There is limited knowledge about the relationship between aided language and mind understanding. This study investigates this relationship using a communication task. The participants were 71 aided communicators using graphic symbols or spelling for expression (38/33 girls/boys) and a reference group of 40 speaking children (21/19 girls/boys), aged 5;0–15;11 years. The task was to describe, but not name, drawings to a communication partner. The partner could not see the drawing and had to infer what was depicted from the child’s explanation. Dyads with aided communicators solved fewer items than reference dyads (64% vs 93%). The aided spellers presented more precise details than the symbol users (46% vs 38%). In the aided group, number of correct items correlated with verbal comprehension and age.

• Drosopoulou, Christina Sotiropoulou; Murray, Janice; Smith, Martine M.; Launonen, Kaisa; Neuvonen, Kirsi & Lynch, Yvonne [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Conversation patterns between children with severe speech impairment and their conversation partners in dyadic and multi-person interactions. Applied Linguistics. ISSN 0142-6001. 43(3), s. 473–492. doi: 10.1093/applin/amab043. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Abstract Active engagement in interactions is crucial for the development of identity, social competence, and cognitive abilities. For children with severe speech impairment (SSI) who have little or no intelligible speech, active participation in conversations is challenging and can be critical for their social inclusion and participation. The present study investigated the conversational patterns emerging from interactions between children with SSI who use aided communication and typically speaking conversation partners (CPs) and explored whether active participation was different in interactions with different numbers of partners (dyadic versus multi-person interactions). An unusually large multilingual dataset was used (N = 85 conversations). This allowed us to systematically investigate discourse analysis measures indicating participation: the distribution of conversational control (initiations versus responses versus recodes) and summoning power (obliges versus comments). The findings suggest that (i) conversations were characterized by asymmetrical conversational patterns with CPs assuming most of the conversational control and (ii) multi-person interactions were noticeably more symmetric compared to dyadic, as children’s active participation in multi-person interactions was significantly increased. Clinical implications and best practice recommendations are discussed.

• Tetzchner, Stephen von & Simonsen, Eva (2021). Tilbudet til barn og ungdommer med tidlig døvblindhet. Psykologi i kommunen (PIK). ISSN 1892-3364. 56(4). Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Neuvonen, Kirsi; Launonen, Kaisa; Smith, Martine M.; Stadskleiv, Kristine & Tetzchner, Stephen von (2021). STRATEGIES IN CONVEYING INFORMATION ABOUT UNSHARED EVENTS USING AIDED COMMUNICATION. Child Language Teaching and Therapy. ISSN 0265-6590. 38, s. 78–94. doi: 10.1177/02656590211050865. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Describing events may be challenging for any child, but children who use communication aids may face unique linguistic, pragmatic, and strategic challenges in conveying information with the communication means they have available. This study explores strategies used by young, aided communicators when describing the content of a video unknown to their communication partners. The participants of the study were 48 aided communicators (aged 5;3–15;2) from nine countries and seven language groups and their communication partners (parents, professionals, and peers) who used natural speech. Descriptive and statistical analyses were utilized to investigate the relationships between individual characteristics, linguistic and non-linguistic factors, linguistic strategies, and performance in conveying the content of the video event. Analyses of the 48 videotaped interactions revealed the use of a variety of linguistic elements and multimodal strategies, demonstrating both creativity and challenges. Success in relaying messages was significantly related to age, mode of communication, and individual profiles, such as everyday communication functioning and comprehension of grammar. Measures of receptive vocabulary and non-verbal reasoning were not significantly related to communicative success. The use of shared context and negotiation of meaning of potentially ambiguous utterances demonstrate the shared responsibility of disambiguation and meaning construction in interactions involving aided and naturally speaking communicators.

• Tetzchner, Stephen von (2021). Zhenduan he pinggu de baogao he fankui (Reports and feedback from diagnosis and assessment). I Tetzchner, Stephen von; Su, Xueyun & XIAO, FEI (Red.), Ertong zibi puxi zhang’ai de fazhan, pinggu yu ganyu: guoji he zhongguo shijiao (Development, assessment and intervention of autism spectrum disorders in childhood: International and Chinese perspectives). Guangming Daily Press. ISSN 9787519462192. s. 156–168. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tetzchner, Stephen von (2021). Tiaozhanxing xingwei: guocheng, yufang he ganyu (Challenging behaviors: Processes, prevention and intervention). I Tetzchner, Stephen von; Su, Xueyun & XIAO, FEI (Red.), Ertong zibi puxi zhang’ai de fazhan, pinggu yu ganyu: guoji he zhongguo shijiao (Development, assessment and intervention of autism spectrum disorders in childhood: International and Chinese perspectives). Guangming Daily Press. ISSN 9787519462192. s. 351–375. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tetzchner, Stephen von (2021). Goutong he yuyan ganyu (Communication and language interventions). I Tetzchner, Stephen von; Su, Xueyun & XIAO, FEI (Red.), Ertong zibi puxi zhang’ai de fazhan, pinggu yu ganyu: guoji he zhongguo shijiao (Development, assessment and intervention of autism spectrum disorders in childhood: International and Chinese perspectives). Guangming Daily Press. ISSN 9787519462192. s. 288–316. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tetzchner, Stephen von & Su, Xueyun (2021). Zuo wei yizhong fazhan zhang’ai de zibizheng (Autism as a developmental disorder). I Tetzchner, Stephen von; Su, Xueyun & XIAO, FEI (Red.), Ertong zibi puxi zhang’ai de fazhan, pinggu yu ganyu: guoji he zhongguo shijiao (Development, assessment and intervention of autism spectrum disorders in childhood: International and Chinese perspectives). Guangming Daily Press. ISSN 9787519462192. s. 36–50. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tetzchner, Stephen von; Su, Xueyun & XIAO, FEI (2021). Daolun (Introduction). I Tetzchner, Stephen von; Su, Xueyun & XIAO, FEI (Red.), Ertong zibi puxi zhang’ai de fazhan, pinggu yu ganyu: guoji he zhongguo shijiao (Development, assessment and intervention of autism spectrum disorders in childhood: International and Chinese perspectives). Guangming Daily Press. ISSN 9787519462192. s. 1–13. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Alant, Erna; Basil, Carmen; Jennische, Margareta; Loncke, Filip; McNaughton, Shirley & Murray, Janice [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). At the end of the journey Lyle Lewis Lloyd (August 10 1934-February 12 2020). Augmentative and Alternative Communication : AAC. ISSN 0743-4618. 36(1), s. 1–3. doi: 10.1080/07434618.2020.1738729. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tetzchner, Stephen von (2020). Inclusion of children with severe disabilities through shared peer activity. I Galaguzova, Minnenur Akhmetkhanovna (Red.), Понятийный аппарат педагогики и образования,Том 12. alpha-Print. ISSN 9785718617047. s. 108–125. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tetzchner, Stephen von (2020). Инклюзия детей с тяжелыми формами инвалидности посредством совместной со сверстниками деятельности. I Galaguzova, Minnenur Akhmetkhanovna (Red.), Понятийный аппарат педагогики и образования,Том 12. alpha-Print. ISSN 9785718617047. s. 89–107. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Henriksen, Mari Wold; Breck, Hilde; Tetzchner, Stephen von; Paus, Benedicte & Skjeldal, Ola, Hunsbeth (2020). Medical Issues in Adults with Rett Syndrome - A National Survey. Developmental Neurorehabilitation. ISSN 1751-8423. 23(2), s. 106–112. doi: 10.1080/17518423.2019.1646341. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objectives: To examine main health issues in a population of females with Rett syndrome, with a focus on individuals aged 36 or older. Methods: A national survey including 85 females, divided into a younger (1-20 years), a middle (21-35 years) and an older group (36-66 years). Data include clinical examination, medical records and parental interviews. Prevalences of six main medical issues (scoliosis, ambulation, growth, respiration, gastrointestinal dysmobility and epilepsy) and severity scores in the three groups were compared. Results: Mean severity scores were 11.8, 15.1 and 13.7 (from younger to older), and the difference between the younger and the middle group was significant. No other major significant prevalence differences were observed. Conclusions: Most main medical issues in Rett syndrome continued to be a major concern in adulthood, but health did not seem to decline with increasing age. The results emphasize the need for clinical follow-up throughout adulthood. Keywords: Rett syndrome; adulthood; ageing; clinical management; morbidity.

• Henriksen, Mari Wold; Breck, Hilde; Sejersted, Yngve; Diseth, Trond H; Tetzchner, Stephen von & Paus, Benedicte [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Genetic and clinical variations in a Norwegian sample diagnosed with Rett syndrome. Brain & development (Tokyo. 1979). ISSN 0387-7604. 42(7), s. 484–495. doi: 10.1016/j.braindev.2020.03.008. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background and purpose: Rett syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disorder mainly caused by mutations in MECP2. The diagnostic criteria of RTT are clinical; mutations in MECP2 are neither diagnostic nor necessary, and a mutation in another gene does not exclude RTT. We attempted to correlate genotype and phenotype to see if there are significant clinical associations. Methods: All available females diagnosed with RTT in Norway were invited to the study. Parents were interviewed, the girl or woman with RTT examined and medical records reviewed. All diagnoses were revisited according to the current diagnostic criteria and exome-based sequencing analyses were performed in individuals without an identified causative mutation. Participants were categorized according to genotypes and RTT diagnosis. Individuals with RTT with and without mutations in MECP2 were compared. Results: Ninety-one individuals were included. A presumed causative mutation was identified in 86 individuals, of these, mutations in MECP2 in 77 individuals and mutations in SMC1A, SYNGAP1, SCN1A, CDKL5, FOXG1 or chromosome 13q in nine. Seventy-two individuals fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for classic and 12 for atypical RTT. Significant differences in early development, loss of hand use and language, intense eye gaze and the presence of early onset epilepsy were revealed in individuals with RTT according to their MECP2 genotypic status. Conclusion: Using the current diagnostic criteria, genetic and clinical variation in RTT is considerable. Significant differences between individuals with RTT with and without MECP2 mutations indicate that MECP2 is a major determinant for the clinical phenotype in individuals with RTT. Keywords: Clinical phenotype; Epilepsy; Exome sequencing; Genetic variation; MECP2; Rett syndrome.

• Stenberg, Nina; Schjølberg, Synnve; Shic, Frederick; Volkmar, Fred R.; Øyen, Anne-Siri & Bresnahan, Michaeline [Vis alle 14 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Functional Outcomes of Children Identified Early in the Developmental Period as at Risk for ASD Utilizing the The Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. ISSN 0162-3257. doi: 10.1007/s10803-020-04539-8. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Early identification of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is regarded as crucial for swift access to early intervention and, subsequently, better outcomes later in life. However, current instruments miss large proportions of children who later go on to be diagnosed with ASD, raising a question of what these instruments measure. The present study utilized data from the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study and the Autism Birth Cohort study to explore the subsequent developmental and diagnostic characteristics of children raising developmental concern on the six-critical discriminative item criterion of the M-CHAT (DFA6) at 18 months of age (N = 834). The DFA6 identified 28.8% of children diagnosed with ASD (N = 163), but 4.4% with language disorder (N = 188) and 81.3% with intellectual disability (N = 32) without ASD. Scoring in the «at-risk» range was associated with lower IQ, impaired functional language, and greater severity of autism symptoms whether children had ASD or not.

• Tetzchner, Stephen von (2019). Manual signs and graphic symbols as complementary forms of augmentative and alternative communication. I Grove, Nicola & Launonen, Kaisa (Red.), Manual sign acquisition in children with developmental disabilities. Nova Science Publishers. ISSN 9781536153781. s. 195–212. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Elmerskog, Bengt Gustav & Tetzchner, Stephen von (2019). Development and loss of vision. I Tetzchner, Stephen von; Elmerskog, Bengt Gustav; Tøssebro, Anne-Grethe & Rokne, Svein (Red.), Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, childhood dementia and education. Snøfugl Forlag. ISSN 9788270835638. s. 63–73. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tøssebro, Anne-Grethe; Tetzchner, Stephen von; Elmerskog, Bengt Gustav & Murphy, Aine (2019). Early and later educational intervention. I Tetzchner, Stephen von; Elmerskog, Bengt Gustav; Tøssebro, Anne-Grethe & Rokne, Svein (Red.), Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, childhood dementia and education. Snøfugl Forlag. ISSN 9788270835638. s. 201–229. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Elmerskog, Bengt Gustav; Tetzchner, Stephen von; Tøssebro, Anne-Grethe & Hesselberg, Finn (2019). Planning education and intervention for individuals with juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosisi. I Tetzchner, Stephen von; Elmerskog, Bengt Gustav; Tøssebro, Anne-Grethe & Rokne, Svein (Red.), Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, childhood dementia and education. Snøfugl Forlag. ISSN 9788270835638. s. 179–199. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tetzchner, Stephen von; Lippe-Holstein, Jochen & Haugen, Per Kristian (2019). Behavioral and emotional reactions to a difficult life situation. I Tetzchner, Stephen von; Elmerskog, Bengt Gustav; Tøssebro, Anne-Grethe & Rokne, Svein (Red.), Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, childhood dementia and education. Snøfugl Forlag. ISSN 9788270835638. s. 519–534. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tetzchner, Stephen von; Tøssebro, Anne-Grethe; Adams, Heather; Cole, Barbara & Elmerskog, Bengt Gustav (2019). Assessment and evaluation. I Tetzchner, Stephen von; Elmerskog, Bengt Gustav; Tøssebro, Anne-Grethe & Rokne, Svein (Red.), Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, childhood dementia and education. Snøfugl Forlag. ISSN 9788270835638. s. 165–177. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tetzchner, Stephen von & Hesselberg, Finn (2019). Ethical issues related to working with individuals with juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. I Tetzchner, Stephen von; Elmerskog, Bengt Gustav; Tøssebro, Anne-Grethe & Rokne, Svein (Red.), Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, childhood dementia and education. Snøfugl Forlag. ISSN 9788270835638. s. 125–137. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tetzchner, Stephen von; Andersen, Anne Margrethe; Hamann, Anne Hagedorn & Fugger, Susan (2019). The social life of children and adolescents with juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis: School and participation. I Tetzchner, Stephen von; Elmerskog, Bengt Gustav; Tøssebro, Anne-Grethe & Rokne, Svein (Red.), Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, childhood dementia and education. Snøfugl Forlag. ISSN 9788270835638. s. 431–449. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tøssebro, Anne-Grethe; Tetzchner, Stephen von; Christal, Anna; McElrone, Deidre; Siggs, Mary & Oxley, Judith D. [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Communication and language in education and intervention for children and adults with juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. I Tetzchner, Stephen von; Elmerskog, Bengt Gustav; Tøssebro, Anne-Grethe & Rokne, Svein (Red.), Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, childhood dementia and education. Snøfugl Forlag. ISSN 9788270835638. s. 231–256. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Elmerskog, Bengt Gustav; Tetzchner, Stephen von; Forssas, Marja-Leena & Eskonen, Tarja (2019). Coping with everyday life. I Tetzchner, Stephen von; Elmerskog, Bengt Gustav; Tøssebro, Anne-Grethe & Rokne, Svein (Red.), Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, childhood dementia and education. Snøfugl Forlag. ISSN 9788270835638. s. 311–341. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haugen, Per Kristian; Tetzchner, Stephen von; Oxley, Judith D. & Elmerskog, Bengt Gustav (2019). Dementia in adulthood and childhood. I Tetzchner, Stephen von; Elmerskog, Bengt Gustav; Tøssebro, Anne-Grethe & Rokne, Svein (Red.), Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, childhood dementia and education. Snøfugl Forlag. ISSN 9788270835638. s. 75–92. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tøssebro, Anne-Grethe & Tetzchner, Stephen von (2019). Language development and attrition in juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. I Tetzchner, Stephen von; Elmerskog, Bengt Gustav; Tøssebro, Anne-Grethe & Rokne, Svein (Red.), Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, childhood dementia and education. Snøfugl Forlag. ISSN 9788270835638. s. 93–107. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tetzchner, Stephen von (2019). A developmental perspective on juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. I Tetzchner, Stephen von; Elmerskog, Bengt Gustav; Tøssebro, Anne-Grethe & Rokne, Svein (Red.), Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, childhood dementia and education. Snøfugl Forlag. ISSN 9788270835638. s. 35-–44. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tetzchner, Stephen von; Elmerskog, Bengt Gustav; Tøssebro, Anne-Grethe & Rokne, Svein (2019). Introduction. I Tetzchner, Stephen von; Elmerskog, Bengt Gustav; Tøssebro, Anne-Grethe & Rokne, Svein (Red.), Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, childhood dementia and education. Snøfugl Forlag. ISSN 9788270835638. s. 23–34. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Neuvonen, Kirsi A.; Jagoe, Caroline; Launonen, Kaisa; Smith, Martine M. & Tetzchner, Stephen von (2019). Expectations and interpretations of conversations using aided communication: An application of relevance theory. Journal of Interactional Research in Communication Disorders. ISSN 2040-5111. 10(2), s. 125–152. doi: 10.1558/JIRCD.20364. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Simonsen, Eva & Tetzchner, Stephen von (2019). Spesialpedagogiske utfordringer. StatpedMagasinet. ISSN 1894-0919. 7(3), s. 31–41. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tetzchner, Stephen von (2018). Introduction to the special issue on aided language processes, development, and use: An international perspective. Augmentative and Alternative Communication : AAC. ISSN 0743-4618. 34(1), s. 1–15. doi: 10.1080/07434618.2017.1422020. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tetzchner, Stephen von (2018). Behov for mer kunnskap om ASK. StatpedMagasinet. ISSN 1894-0919. s. 20–25. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Laeng, Bruno; Færevaag, Fredrik Svartdal; Tanggaard, Stine & Tetzchner, Stephen von (2018). Pupillary Responses to Illusions of Brightness in Autism Spectrum Disorder. i-Perception. 9(3), s. 1–11. doi: 10.1177/2041669518771716. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Previous studies indicate that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) do not experience optical illusions in the same manner as individuals with typical development. This study uses pupillary responses as an objective measure of perception of visual illusions, with the hypothesis that adults with ASD will show weaker pupillary constrictions to the illusions than adults without ASD. An eye-tracker was used to investigate the spontaneous pupillary changes to brightness illusions in adults diagnosed with ASD (N = 11) and in a control group (N = 24). Contrary to the hypothesis, the ASD group showed similar pupillary constrictions to the illusory bright stimuli as the control group. Therefore, this study does not support the idea that individuals with ASD have a veridical perception of these types of illusions and instead suggest that atypical perception of illusions does not constitute a universal characteristic of aspect of high-functioning individuals with ASD.

• Henriksen, Mari Wold; Breck, Hilde; Tetzchner, Stephen von; Paus, Benedicte; Skjeldal, Ola & Brodtkorb, Eylert (2018). Epilepsy in classic Rett syndrome: Course and characteristics in adult age. Epilepsy Research. ISSN 0920-1211. 145, s. 134–139. doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2018.06.012. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Purpose Rett syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that almost exclusively affects females. Epilepsy is a major clinical feature, but its long-term course in RTT has not been sufficiently explored. This study addresses the development of the epilepsy in adults with RTT. Methods Available females diagnosed with RTT in Norway were asked to participate. Parents/caregivers were interviewed, the girls/women were examined and their medical records reviewed. Participants were categorized according to age, epilepsy, seizure patterns and mutation severity groups. RTT severity was assessed (epilepsy score excluded). Results 70 females with classic RTT were included. A presumed pathogenic mutation in MECP2 was found in 96%. The presence of active epilepsy (seizures last five years) was similar in all age groups above the age of ten: 11 (65%) in adolescents (11–20 years), 9 (60%) in young adults (21–30 years) and 14 (67%) in participants above 30 years of age. Tonic-clonic seizures within the last year were present in 55, 67 and 64%, and ≥ weekly seizures occurred in 27, 45 and 50% in the respective age groups. Among participants with active epilepsy, 69% had unremitting seizures, whereas 31% had experienced remissions for more than six months during the last five years. In the oldest group (>30 years), only 19% had obtained seizure control for >5 years, and 14% had never experienced seizures. Seizure activity correlated with RTT severity score, whereas the relationship to mutation type remained ambiguous. Conclusion Epilepsy continues to be a major concern in adults with RTT. Two thirds of women above 30 years of age remained with active epilepsy and 50% of them had seizures at least weekly.

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• Tetzchner, Stephen von; Martinsen, Harald & Stadskleiv, Kristine (2026). Comunicación aumentativa y alternativa para niños, adolescentes y adultos con trastornos del desarrollo. Edicones Pirámide. ISBN 9788436851403. 422 s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tetzchner, Stephen von; Martinsen, Harald & Stadskleiv, Kristine (2025). 보완대체의사소통 발달장애 아동, 청소년, 성인을 위한. Hakjisa Publishers. ISBN 9788999734670. 589 s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tetzchner, Stephen von; Martinsen, Harald & Stadskleiv, Kristine (2025). Augmentative and alternative communication for children, adolescents and adults with developmental disorders. Routledge. ISBN 9781032481456. 471 s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tetzchner, Stephen von (2023). Typical and atypical child and adolescent development 1 Theory and methodology. Routledge. ISBN 9781032267609. 203 s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tetzchner, Stephen von (2023). Typical and atypical child and adolescent development 4. Cognition, intelligence and learning. Routledge. ISBN 9781032267753. 328 s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tetzchner, Stephen von (2023). Typical and atypical child and adolescent development 2. Genes, fetal development and early neurological development. Routledge. ISBN 9781032267692. 124 s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tetzchner, Stephen von (2023). Typical and atypical child and adolescent development 3. Perceptual and motor development. Routledge. ISBN 9781032267715. 107 s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tetzchner, Stephen von & Murray, Janice (2022). Becoming an Aided Communicator (BAC): Theory, wethods, findings and practical implications. Proceedings of Communication Matters’ Study Day, Leeds, June 21st 2022. Communication Matters. ISBN 9781910029824. 93 s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tetzchner, Stephen von; Su, Xueyun & XIAO, FEI (2021). Development, Assessment and Intervention of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Childhood: International and Chinese Perspectives (Ertong zibi puxi zhang’ai de fazhan, pinggu yu ganyu: guoji he zhongguo shijiao ). Guangming Daily Press. ISBN 9787519462192. 430 s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tetzchner, Stephen von; Su, Xueyun & XIAO, FEI (2021). Ertong zibi puxi zhang’ai de fazhan, pinggu yu ganyu: guoji he zhongguo shijiao (Development, assessment and intervention of autism spectrum disorders in childhood: International and Chinese perspectives). Guangming Daily Press. ISBN 9787519462192. 430 s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tetzchner, Stephen von; Elmerskog, Bengt Gustav; Tøssebro, Anne-Grethe & Rokne, Svein (2019). Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, childhood dementia and education. Snøfugl Forlag. ISBN 9788270835638. 544 s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tetzchner, Stephen von (2019). Child and adolescent psychology: Typical and atypical development. Routledge. ISBN 9781138823389. 677 s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tetzchner, Stephen von (2019). Barne- og ungdomspsykologi: Typisk og atypisk utvikling. Gyldendal Akademisk. ISBN 9788205474512. 581 s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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• Tetzchner, Stephen von (2026). Augmentative and alternative communication and autism: Recent developments in AAC for individuals with autism. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tetzchner, Stephen von (2026). Augmentative and alternative communication as language development. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tetzchner, Stephen von (2025). Språklige tiltak med alternativ og supplerende kommunikasjon. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tetzchner, Stephen von (2025). Noen perspektiver på alternative og supplerende kommunikasjon og mental helse. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tetzchner, Stephen von (2025). Helping autistic children to better communication and language with augmentative and alternative communication. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tetzchner, Stephen von (2025). Om utvikling av hjulpet kommunikasjon. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tetzchner, Stephen von (2024). Autism spectrum disorder and augmentative and alternative communication. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tetzchner, Stephen von (2024). Augmentative and alternative communication as language – What is not researched. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tetzchner, Stephen von (2024). Groups of individuals who may need augmentative and alternative communication. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Neuvonen, Kirsi; Walter, Cátia C. Figueiredo; Batorowicz, Beate; Smith, Martine M. & Tetzchner, Stephen von (2024). Lexical strategies in event descriptions between children who use communication aids and their speaking communication partners. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tetzchner, Stephen von (2023). Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) and autism spectrum disorder. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tetzchner, Stephen von (2023). AAC systems, AAC interventions and practices, AAC use, and AAC environments. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tetzchner, Stephen von (2022). ASK og ASK-paragrafen i et historisk perspektiv - Fra individuell opplæring til kommunikativ tilgjengelighet i samfunnet. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tetzchner, Stephen von (2022). Augmentative and alternative communication: A means for inclusion. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Smith, Martine M.; Neuvonen, Kirsi; Launonen, Kaisa & Tetzchner, Stephen von (2022). Saying and meaning in interactions involving aided communication. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tetzchner, Stephen von (2022). Augmentative and alternative communication: Lifespan issues. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Drosopoulou, Christina Sotiropoulou; Murray, Janice; Smith, Martine M.; Launonen, Kaisa; Neuvonen, Kirsi & lynch, yvonne [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Appraising conversation patterns between children and young people who use aided AAC and their conversation partners in two-person and multi-person interactions – clinical implications. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tetzchner, Stephen von (2022). Issues in selecting vocabulary in augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tetzchner, Stephen von (2022). Assessment of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tetzchner, Stephen von (2021). Basic issues in augmentative and alternative communication and inclusion. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tetzchner, Stephen von (2021). Becoming an aided communicator (BAC): Basic ideas and aims. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tetzchner, Stephen von (2020). Inclusion of children with disabilities through peer activities. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Østvik, Jørn; Skogdal, Signhild; Stadskleiv, Kristine & Tetzchner, Stephen von (2020). Trenger elever å kunne snakke for å lære på skolen? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tetzchner, Stephen von (2020). Learning a graphic language - Some issues related to the understanding of graphic language development and intervention. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Stadskleiv, Kristine & Tetzchner, Stephen von (2019). Motor impairment, aided communication and visual-spatial cognition. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tetzchner, Stephen von (2019). Manual signs and developmental disabilities. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tetzchner, Stephen von (2019). Emerging users starting with augmentative and alternative communication. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Neuvonen, Kirsi; Launonen, Kaisa; Smith, Martine M. & Tetzchner, Stephen von (2019). Adjusting aided utterances: Co-constructing meaning in conversations involving aided communication. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tetzchner, Stephen von (2019). Issues in vocabulary selection and use. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tetzchner, Stephen von (2019). Theoretical rationals for augmentative and alternative communication. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tetzchner, Stephen von (2019). Theoretical bases of augmentative and alternative communication. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tetzchner, Stephen von (2019). The graphic symbol and language. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Xia, Feng; Wen, Yuyun; Shilon, Shula Friedrich; Stadskleiv, Kristine & Tetzchner, Stephen von (2019). Using augmentative and alternative communication to improve communication in a child with multiple disabilities. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Liu, Lu; Lu, Chun Juan; Stadskleiv, Kristine & Tetzchner, Stephen von (2019). The story of Shuoshuo and augmentative and alternative communication. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tetzchner, Stephen von (2019). Creating a language-supportive environment for children using augmentative and alternative communication. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Su, Xueyun; Li, Aihe & Tetzchner, Stephen von (2019). Generalization of use of graphic symbols in three children with autism spectrum disorder. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Stadskleiv, Kristine & Tetzchner, Stephen von (2019). Mode of aided communication and mind understanding. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Batorowicz, Beata; Stadskleiv, Kristine & Tetzchner, Stephen von (2019). Spatial cognition and aided communication. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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