Roger Hagen

• Glastad, Stine Holmstul; Klungsøyr, Ole; Aminoff, Sofie Ragnhild; Hagen, Roger; Bjella, Thomas & Engen, Magnus Johan [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Frequency analysis of mood, sleep, and alcohol and nicotine use: investigating instability in bipolar I and II disorder. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 17, s. 1–12. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1810743.
• Øiestad, Britt Elin; Maas, Esther; Aanesen, Fiona; Tingulstad, Alexander; Rysstad, Tarjei Langseth & Tulder, Maurits van [Vis alle 16 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). Effectiveness of two vocational interventions on sickness absence and costs for people with musculoskeletal disorders: 12 months results from the MI-NAV multi-arm randomized trial. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. ISSN 0355-3140. 51(6), s. 505–515. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.4248. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objectives: This study aimed to assess 12-month outcomes on return to work (RTW) and cost-effectiveness in adults on sick leave due to musculoskeletal disorders who were randomized to either usual case management (UC), UC+motivational interviewing (MI) or UC+stratified vocational advice intervention (SVAI). Methods: The study was conducted in the Norwegian Labor and Welfare Administration (NAV). Workers on sick leave due to musculoskeletal disorders for ≥50% of their contracted work hours for ≥7 consecutive weeks were included. Trained caseworkers delivered MI in two face-to-face sessions, and physiotherapists provided SVAI and identified RTW obstacles. The main outcomes were sick leave days over 12 months and cost-effectiveness, cost-utility and cost-benefit. Results: The trial included 509 workers with a mean age of 48 years. There were statistically significant differences between UC+MI versus UC [-15.6 days, 95% confidence interval (CI) -31.0– -0.2], and UC+SVAI versus UC (-17.6 days, 95% CI -33.0– -2.2). Compared to UC, odds ratios (OR) for receiving wage replacement benefits each month were lower for UC+MI (OR=0.73, 95% CI 0.64–0.84), and UC+SVAI (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.64–0.84). The probabilities of cost-effectiveness were high for adding either MI or SVAI to UC (ceiling ratio 0.90), and the net benefit for MI was €5225 (95% CI -592–10 985) and for SVAI €7214 ((95% CI 1548–12 851) per person. Conclusions: Adding MI or SVAI to UC significantly improved RTW outcomes and was cost-effective among people on sickness absence due to musculoskeletal disorders.

• Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen; Sørengaard, Torhild Anita & Hagen, Roger (2025). Introduksjon til personlighetspsykologi. I Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen; Hagen, Roger & Sørengaard, Torhild Anita (Red.), Personlighet i arbeidsliv og ledelse. Fagbokforlaget. ISSN 9788245057683. s. 13–29. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hagen, Roger (2025). Kognitiv gruppeterapi. I Hagen, Roger & Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen (Red.), Psykoterapi: Tilnærminger og metoder. Gyldendal Akademisk. ISSN 9788205600287. s. 421–434. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Glastad, Stine Holmstul; Klungsøyr, Ole; Aminoff, Sofie Ragnhild; Hagen, Roger; Bjella, Thomas & Engen, Magnus Johan [Vis alle 14 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). Exploring the temporal relationship between mood, alcohol- and nicotine use in bipolar disorder using time-series analyses. International journal of bipolar disorders. 13(1). doi: 10.1186/s40345-025-00388-5. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background The prevalence of substance use disorders in bipolar disorder (BD) is high. Exploring potential interactions between mood and the use of common substances such as alcohol and nicotine may contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying such comorbidities. Digital tools now allow for continuous monitoring and data collection of both symptoms and behavior. This enables time-series analyses to explore such associations with greater precision. Methods Thirty-two individuals in the early phases of BD registered their mood daily and their use of substances weekly in the MinDag (MyDay) app for up to 6 months. We explored temporal relationships between the use of alcohol and nicotine and the levels of depressed, elevated, irritable, and anxious mood using Vector Autoregressive Models and Granger causality tests. Results We found indications that mood influenced alcohol- and nicotine use, and vice versa. Significant temporal relationships (Granger causality) were found in 55% (11 out of 20) of the participants for alcohol and 70% (7 out of 10) for nicotine use, and with high proportions of the variance explained by the one time-series on the other. The associations were consistent with causal effects in one or both directions, but with no adjustment for confounding. Conclusion Our findings indicate that mood influences alcohol- and nicotine use and vice versa in individuals with BD, although caution should be taken due to the exploratory approach. Larger samples are needed to further disentangle these relationships to provide insight for better prevention and treatment of BD and comorbid substance use disorders.

• Gjerdalen, Oda Skancke; Zucknick, Manuela; Westlie, Ingvild Tvedt; Bull, Helen; Evensen, Stig & Falkum, Erik [Vis alle 17 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). An exploratory study of the relevance of therapy format and therapist’ training in individual cognitive behavioral therapy for psychosis. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 16. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1527549. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Introduction: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for psychosis (CBTp) is an evidence-based intervention that can be delivered in various formats, including as part of vocational rehabilitation. However, due to scarcity of resources, CBTp is currently accessible to only a minority of individuals with psychosis. This secondary analysis aims to explore potential differences in clinical outcomes between distinct CBTp formats and to examine whether therapist training influences treatment effect. Exploring these aspects is of importance, as they may influence the scalability and accessibility of CBTp in routine care. Material and methods: Data in this study is sourced from two independent projects; KATOslo and JUMP, comprising a total of 200 participants with broad schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. The current study compares CBTp delivered as either symptom-focused individual therapy (KATOslo) or as an add-on to a vocational rehabilitation (VR) program (JUMP), with two reference groups; VR combined with cognitive remediation (JUMP) and treatment as usual (KATOslo). Using a series of mixed effects models for repeated measurements, we examined differences between the groups in terms of general functioning and psychiatric symptom severity. Emphasis was placed on potential differences between the two groups receiving CBTp, considering both average differences across assessment points and trajectories over time. Results: In line with expectations, all groups demonstrated overall improvements in functioning and symptom levels. After adjusting for relevant confounders, no statistically significant differences were found between the two groups receiving CBTp following treatment initiation. Conclusions: These findings suggest that CBTp may be effective across different delivery formats and levels of therapist training in terms of similar, positive clinical outcomes for this patient group. This has potential implications for service design and broader implementation of CBTp in real-world settings.

• Hagen, Roger & Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen (2024). Metacognitive therapy for depression. Cogent Mental Health. 3(1). doi: 10.1080/28324765.2024.2308533. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders and frequently accompanied by other mental disorders. There is therefore a need to develop and document new treatments that could have a beneficial effect in treating depression. A new treatment approach to depression that has produced encouraging results is metacognitive therapy (MCT). This paper provides a general introduction to the theory of MCT and especially of how to use MCT in treating depressive disorders. The treatment is illustrated with the clinical case of Andrew, and in the final part of this paper the current evidence for MCT for depression is presented.

• Rauwenhoff, Johanne Catharina Charlotte; Hagen, Roger; Karaliute, Migle; Hjemdal, Odin; Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen & Solem, Stian [Vis alle 16 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Metacognitive Therapy for People Experiencing Persistent Post-Concussion Symptoms Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Preliminary Multiple Case-Series Study. Neurotrauma Reports. 5(1), s. 890–902. doi: 10.1089/neur.2024.0076. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  After mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), a subgroup of individuals experience persistent post-concussion symptoms (PPCS) that include headaches, cognitive difficulties, and fatigue. The aim of this preliminary study was to investigate possible effects associated with metacognitive therapy (MCT) on PPCS, maladaptive coping strategies, and positive and negative metacognitive beliefs following mTBI. A pre–post design supplemented with single-case A–B replication series to assess potential MCT mechanisms was used. Of the nine participants who received MCT, all experienced a decrease in PPCS, which constituted a reliable improvement for eight participants. For eight participants (we could calculate effect sizes for eight out of nine participants), moderate to very large decreases in maladaptive coping styles and positive and negative metacognitive beliefs were observed. However, based on visual analyses, participants 6, 8, and 9 show a downward baseline trend regarding MCT mechanisms that may have persisted into the intervention phase. No adverse events were reported. In conclusion, MCT was associated with improvements in PPCS and unhelpful psychological mechanisms, but caution is required in interpreting this association. Future research using formal single-case replication on symptom measures and randomized controlled trials appears to be justified.

• Johnson, Sverre Urnes; Hagen, Roger; Dammen, Toril & Papageorgiou, Constantinos (2024). Videoconference-delivered metacognitive therapy for anxiety and depression in post-COVID-19 syndrome: A baseline-controlled single-arm pilot trial. General Hospital Psychiatry. ISSN 0163-8343. 88, s. 77–78. doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2024.02.003. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Standal, Martin Inge; Hjemdal, Odin; Foldal, Vegard; Aasdahl, Lene; Hagen, Roger & Fors, Egil Andreas [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Measuring Resilience in Long-term Sick-listed Individuals: Validation of the Resilience Scale for Adults. Journal of occupational rehabilitation. ISSN 1053-0487. 33, s. 713–722. doi: 10.1007/s10926-023-10100-y. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Return to work from long-term sick leave is influenced by personal and social factors, which can be measured by resilience, a construct that describe healthy adaptation against adversity. This study aimed to validate the validity and psychometric properties of the resilience scale for adults in a sample of long-term sick-listed individuals, and to investigate measurement invariance when compared with a university student sample. Confirmatory factor analysis was used on a sick-listed sample (n = 687) to identify the scale?s factor structure, and comparison with a university student sample (n = 241) was utilized to determine measurement invariance. Results show that a slightly modified factor structure, in accordance with previous research, achieved acceptable fit in the sick-listed sample, while comparisons with the student sample supported measurement invariance. This means that the study to a large degree support the factor structure of the resilience scale for adults in long-term sick-listed. Furthermore, the results indicate that the scale is similarly understood among long-term sick-listed as in a previously validated student sample. Thus, the resilience scale for adults can be a valid and reliable measure of protective factors in the long-term sickness absence and return to work context, and the subscale and total score can be interpreted similarly in long-term sick-listed as in other populations.

• Glastad, Stine Holmstul; Aminoff, Sofie Ragnhild; Hagen, Roger; Høegh, Margrethe Collier; Büchmann, Camilla Bakkalia & Barrett, Elizabeth Ann [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Nicotine use and non-pathological alcohol use and their relationship to affective symptoms and sleep disturbances in bipolar disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders. ISSN 0165-0327. 327, s. 236–243. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.003. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background The use of alcohol and nicotine can negatively impact the course of bipolar disorder (BD), but there is limited knowledge about how symptoms and sleep disturbances are related to concurrent nicotine use and non-pathological use of alcohol. Methods We investigated how nicotine use and non-pathological use of alcohol relates to affective symptoms and sleep disturbances in 453 participants with BD without substance use disorders. Manic symptoms were assessed with the Young Mania Rating Scale, and depressive symptoms with The Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, Clinician-Rated (IDS-C). Sleep-related questions from IDS-C were used to create proxy variables for sleep disturbances, including Insomnia and Hypersomnia. Multinomial regression analysis was conducted to investigate the associations between nicotine use and sleep disturbances, controlling for possible confounders such as current use of illicit drugs and psychopharmacological treatment. Results Depressive and manic symptoms were not associated with the concurrent level of alcohol or nicotine use. Individuals with medium and high levels of daily nicotine use had higher risk of insomnia than those without. Non-pathological alcohol use was not associated with sleep disturbances. Limitations Sleep disturbances were based on items from the IDS-C questionnaire. Conclusion We found an elevated risk for insomnia in individuals with BD and medium or high levels of daily nicotine use. We found no association between the level of affective symptoms and the level of use of alcohol or nicotine. The direction of the relationship between nicotine use and insomnia needs clarification, as it is highly relevant for treatment planning.

• Ådnøy, Torstein Voll; Solem, Stian; Hagen, Roger & Havnen, Audun (2023). An empirical investigation of the associations between metacognition, mindfulness experiential avoidance, depression, and anxiety. BMC Psychology. 11(1). doi: 10.1186/s40359-023-01336-7. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background The aims of this study were to explore the possible relation between metacognition, mindfulness, and experiential avoidance, as well as their association with symptoms of anxiety and depression. Methods Cross-sectional data was collected from a community sample (N = 364) who completed the Metacognitions Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30), the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire-24 (FFMQ-24), the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7), and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Results There were moderate-strong associations between mindfulness (FFMQ-24), metacognition (MCQ-30), and experiential avoidance (AAQ-II) (0.62 − 0.67), and they showed similar relations with symptoms of depression (PHQ-9) and anxiety (GAD-7) (0.57 − 0.71). Mindfulness, experiential avoidance, and the non-judging subscale of FFMQ-24 constituted a latent factor of flexibility in cognition and emotional experience, while three FFMQ-24 subscales (describing, acting with awareness, and observing) constituted a present-centered attention and awareness factor. Regression analyses indicated that flexibility explained more of the variance in symptoms of anxiety and depression than present-centered attention and awareness. Conclusions The results suggest that flexibility in cognitive and emotional regulation skills could be important in explaining symptoms of anxiety and depression.

• Aasdahl, Lene; Standal, Martin Inge; Hagen, Roger; Solbjør, Marit; Bagøien, Gunnhild & Fossen, Heidi [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Effectiveness of 'motivational interviewing' on sick leave: a randomized controlled trial in a social insurance setting. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. ISSN 0355-3140. 49(7), s. 477–486. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.4117. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of motivational interviewing (MI) – a counselling approach offered by caseworkers at the Norwegian Labor and Welfare Administration (NAV) – on return to work (RTW) for individuals sick-listed for ≥8 weeks due to any diagnoses. MI was compared to usual case management and an active control during 12 months of follow-up. Methods In a randomized clinical trial with three parallel arms, participants were randomized to MI (N=257), usual case management (N=266), or an active control group (N=252). MI consisted of two MI sessions while the active control involved two sessions without MI, both were offered in addition to usual case management. The primary outcome was number of sickness absence days based on registry data. Secondary outcomes included time to sustainable RTW, defined as four consecutive weeks without medical benefits. Results The median number of sickness absence days for the MI group was 73 days [interquartile range (IQR) 31–147], 76 days (35–134) for usual care, and 75 days (34–155) for active control. In total 89%, 88% and 86% of the participants, respectively, achieved sustainable RTW. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for time to sustainable RTW was 1.12 (95% CI 0.90–1.40) for MI compared to usual case management and HR 1.16 (95% CI 0.93–1.44) compared to the active control. Conclusions This study did not provide evidence that MI offered by NAV caseworkers to sick-listed individuals was more effective on RTW than usual case management or an active control. Providing MI in this context could be challenging as only half of the MI group received the intervention.

• Lassen, Espen Rasmussen; Løberg, Susanne Lia; Hjertaas, Ingrid; Hjemdal, Odin; Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen & Hagen, Roger [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Patient motivation and adherence in metacognitive therapy for major depressive disorder: an observational study. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. ISSN 1650-6073. 53(2), s. 220–234. doi: 10.1080/16506073.2023.2289863. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The aim of this observational study was to examine the predictive and discriminant validity of patient motivation and adherence in metacognitive therapy (MCT) for depression. Motivational development for recovered- and non-recovered patients was also investigated. Motivation in sessions 1, 4, and 7 was measured using the Motivational Interviewing Skill Code 2.5 (MISC) in a 10-session trial of MCT for depression (N = 37). Adherence was assessed with the CBT compliance measure in session 7. The Beck Depression Inventory measured treatment outcome at 3-year follow-up. Recovered patients developed significantly more change talk and taking steps, and less sustain talk, as therapy progressed, compared to non-recovered patients. Evidence of the predictive validity of motivation in sessions 1 and 4 was limited. Higher sustain talk and taking steps in session 7 were significant predictors of more and less depressive symptoms, respectively. There was a moderate-strong correlation between motivation and adherence. The results confirm the predictive value of MISC in sessions 7 of MCT for depression, and establish differential motivational development between recovered and non-recovered patients. Subsequent research should clarify the discriminant validity and temporal relationships between motivation, adherence, and other clinical variables.

• Pedersen, Helene; Grønnæss, Ingrid Hildisch; Bendixen, Mons; Hagen, Roger & Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen (2022). Metacognitions and brooding predict depressive symptoms in a community adolescent sample. BMC Psychiatry. 22(157). doi: 10.1186/s12888-022-03779-5. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Depressive symptoms are prevelant in adolescence, and girls have higher levels of depressive symptoms and depressive disorder than boys. Rumination and especially brooding, seem to be a central maintaining factor of depressive symptoms, where metacognitions about rumination play a prominent role in maitaining depressive rumination. There is a sex difference in adults in depressive disorder. The current investigation of a high school/community sample of adolescents aged 16-20 from Norway (N=1198, 62.2% women) found that adolescent women had higher scores than men on all relevant measures: Depressive symptoms, negative and postitive metacognitions, pondering, and brooding. A path model for predicting depressive symptoms showed that the major factors for both sexes were negative metacognitions and brooding. The predictors of depressive symptoms were invariant across sex and age groups, suggesting similar underlying mechanisms across these groups. The overall findings suggest that metacognitive therapy may be an efficient intervention for depressive symptoms among adolescents.

• Aanesen, Fiona; Grotle, Margreth; Rysstad, Tarjei Langseth; Tveter, Anne Therese; Tingulstad, Alexander & Løchting, Ida [Vis alle 17 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Effectiveness of adding motivational interviewing or a stratified vocational advice intervention to usual case management on return to work for people with musculoskeletal disorders: The MI-NAV randomised controlled trial. Occupational and Environmental Medicine. ISSN 1351-0711. 80(1), s. 42–50. doi: 10.1136/oemed-2022-108637. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objectives: To evaluate if adding motivational interviewing (MI) or a stratified vocational advice intervention (SVAI) to usual case management (UC), reduced sickness absence over 6 months for workers on sick leave due to musculoskeletal disorders. Methods: We conducted a three-arm parallel pragmatic randomised controlled trial including 514 employed workers (57% women, median age 49 (range 24–66)), on sick leave for at least 50% of their contracted work hours for ≥7 weeks. All participants received UC. In addition, those randomised to UC+MI were offered two MI sessions from social insurance caseworkers and those randomised to UC+SVAI were offered vocational advice from physiotherapists (participants with low/medium-risk for long-term sickness absence were offered one to two sessions, and those with high-risk were offered three to four sessions). Results: Median sickness absence was 62 days, (95% CI 52 to 71) in the UC arm (n=171), 56 days (95% CI 43 to 70) in the UC+MI arm (n=169) and 49 days (95% CI 38 to 60) in the UC+SVAI arm (n=169). After adjusting for predefined potential confounding factors, the results showed seven fewer days in the UC+MI arm (95% CI −15 to 2) and the UC+SVAI arm (95% CI −16 to 1), compared with the UC arm. The adjusted differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions: The MI-NAV trial did not show effect on return to work of adding MI or SVAI to UC. The reduction in sickness absence over 6 months was smaller than anticipated, and uncertain due to wide CIs.

• Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen; Hagen, Roger; Hjemdal, Odin; Havnen, Audun; Ryum, Truls & Solem, Stian (2022). Depression, Anxiety, Insomnia, and Quality of Life in a Representative Community Sample of Older Adults Living at Home. Frontiers in Psychology. 13. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.811082. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: The aim of the study was to explore symptoms of anxiety and depression, insomnia, and quality of life in a Norwegian community sample of older adults. Methods: A representative sample (N = 1069) was drawn from home-dwelling people of 60 years and above, living in a large municipality in Norway (Trondheim). Results: Based on established cut-off scores, 83.7% of the participants showed no symptoms of anxiety/depression, 12% had mild symptoms, 2.7% moderate symptoms, 1.5% showed severe symptoms of anxiety/depression. A total of 18.4% reported insomnia symptoms. Regarding health-related quality of life, few participants reported problems with self-care, but pain and discomfort were common (59%). Depression/anxiety, insomnia, and health-related quality of life showed moderate to strong associations. Discussion: The results suggest a close interplay between anxiety/depression, insomnia, and health-related quality of life in older adults.

• Foldal, Vegard; Solbjør, Marit; Standal, Martin Inge; Fors, Egil Andreas; Hagen, Roger & Bagøien, Gunnhild [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Barriers and Facilitators for Implementing Motivational Interviewing as a Return to Work Intervention in a Norwegian Social Insurance Setting: A Mixed Methods Process Evaluation. Journal of occupational rehabilitation. ISSN 1053-0487. 31, s. 785–795. doi: 10.1007/s10926-021-09964-9. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate potential barriers and facilitators for implementing motivational interviewing (MI) as a return to work (RTW) intervention in a Norwegian social insurance setting. Methods A mixed-methods process evaluation was conducted alongside a randomized controlled trial involving MI sessions delivered by social insurance caseworkers. The study was guided by the Reach, Efectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance framework using focus groups with the caseworkers. MI fdelity was evaluated through audio-recordings of MI sessions and questionnaires to sick-listed participants. Results Lack of co-worker and managerial support, time and place for practicing to further develop MI skills, and a high workload made the MI intervention challenging for the caseworkers. The MI method was experienced as useful, but difcult to master. MI fdelity results showed technical global scores over the threshold for “beginning profciency” whereas the relational global score was under the threshold. The sick-listed workers reported being satisfed with the MI sessions. Conclusions Despite caseworker motivation for learning and using MI in early follow-up sessions, MI was hard to master and use in practice. Several barriers and facilitators were identifed; these should be addressed before implementing MI in a social insurance setting.

• Løchting, Ida; Hagen, Roger; Monsen, Christine K.; Grotle, Margreth; Storheim, Kjersti & Aanesen, Fiona [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Fidelity of a motivational interviewing intervention for improving return to work for people with musculoskeletal disorders. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. 18(19), s. 1–11. doi: 10.3390/ijerph181910324. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The objective of this study was to conduct a fidelity evaluation of a motivational interviewing (MI) intervention delivered by social insurance caseworkers, in a three-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) for improving return to work for people on sick leave with musculoskeletal disorders. The caseworkers received six days of MI training, including an intervention manual prior to the trial onset, as well as supervision throughout the trial. The caseworkers recorded 21 MI sessions at regular intervals during the trial. An independent MI analysis center scored the recordings using the MI treatment integrity code (MITI 4). In addition, three experienced MI trainers assessed the adherence to the MI intervention manual on a 1–4 Likert scale and MI competence. Total MITI 4 mean scores were at beginning proficiency levels for two components (global technical, mean 3.0; SD 0.6 and the reflections/questions ratio, mean 1.1; SD 0.2) and under beginning proficiency for two components (global relational, mean 3.2; SD 0.7 and complex question, mean 34.0; SD 21.2). The MI trainers’ assessment showed similar results. The mean adherence score for the MI sessions was 2.96 (SD 0.9). Despite delivering a thorough course and supervision package, most of the caseworkers did not reach proficiency levels of good MI competence during the study. The fidelity evaluation showed that a large amount of training, supervision and practice is needed for caseworkers to become competent MI providers. When planning to implement MI, it is important that thorough consideration is given regarding the resources and the time needed to train caseworkers to provide MI in a social insurance setting.

• Solem, Stian; Wells, Adrian; Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen; Hagen, Roger; Nordahl, Hans Morten & Hjemdal, Odin (2021). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive–behavioral therapy in adults with generalized anxiety disorder: A 9-year follow-up study. Brain and Behavior. 11(10). doi: 10.1002/brb3.2358. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objective Metacognitive therapy (MCT) and cognitive–behavior therapy (CBT) are effective treatments for generalized anxiety disorder. In this study, we followed-up patients who had previously participated in a randomized controlled trial of MCT compared against CBT. Method We collected 9-year follow-up data on 39 out of 60 original patients (i.e., 65% response rate). Results At 9 years, the recovery rates were 57% for MCT and 38% for CBT (completer analysis). Following MCT, 43% maintained their recovery status and a further 14% achieved recovery. Following CBT, the sustained recovery rate was 13%, while a further 25% achieved recovery. Patients in the MCT condition showed significantly more improvement with respect to symptoms of worry and anxiety. In the CBT group, 23.1% were re-diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) compared with 9.5% in the MCT group. Conclusions This follow-up study showed a continuation of gains in both treatments at long-term follow-up, but with outcomes continuing to favor MCT and strengthening its comparative superiority.

• Standal, Martin Inge; Foldal, Vegard Stolsmo; Hagen, Roger; Aasdahl, Lene; Johnsen, Roar & Fors, Egil Andreas [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Health, Work, and Family Strain – Psychosocial Experiences at the Early Stages of Long-Term Sickness Absence. Frontiers in Psychology. 12. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.596073. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Knowledge about the psychosocial experiences of sick-listed workers in the first months of sick leave is sparse even though early interventions are recommended. The aim of this study was to explore psychosocial experiences of being on sick leave and thoughts about returning to work after 8–12 weeks of sickness absence. Methods: Sixteen individuals at 9–13 weeks of sick leave participated in semi-structured individual interviews. Data was analyzed through Giorgi’s descriptive phenomenological method. Results: Three themes emerged: (1) energy depleted, (2) losing normal life, (3) searching for a solution. A combination of health, work, and family challenges contributed to being drained of energy, which affected both work- and non-work roles. Being on sick leave led to a loss of social arenas and their identity as a contributing member of society. Participants required assistance to find solutions toward returning to work. Conclusion: Even in this early stage of long-term sick leave, sick listed workers faced complex challenges in multiple domains. Continuing sick leave was experienced as necessary but may challenge personal identity and social life. Those not finding solutions may benefit from additional early follow-up that examine work-related, social and personal factors that influence return to work.

• Standal, Martin Inge; Hjemdal, Odin; Aasdahl, Lene; Foldal, Vegard Stolsmo; Johnsen, Roar & Fors, Egil Andreas [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Workplace flexibility important for part-time sick leave selection—an exploratory cross-sectional study of long-term sick listed in Norway. BMC Public Health. 21. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-10778-w. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Part-time sick leave (PTSL) where sick-listed individuals work a percentage corresponding to their remaining work capabilities is often used to promote return to work. The effects of PTSL are uncertain due to participant selection on personal and social factors, which are not easily captured by evaluations that primarily rely on register-data. More knowledge of health-related, workplace and personal characteristics that influence the propensity to utilize PTSL is needed. The objective of the present study was to explore whether individuals on PTSL and full-time sick leave (FTSL) differ in terms of self-reported health, workplace resources and psychological resilience while also considering known sociodemographic factors that influence PTSL selection. Methods The study utilized a cross-sectional sample of 661 workers sick listed for 8 weeks with a 50–100% sick-listing degree. Differences between those on PTSL and FTSL with regard to current self-reported health, previous long-term sick leave, workplace adjustment latitude, psychosocial work environment, work autonomy, coping with work demands, and psychological resilience were examined and adjusted for known selection factors (age, education, gender, sector, diagnosis, and physical work) using logistic regression. Results An inverse U-shaped curvilinear association between self-reported health and PTSL was identified. Those on PTSL also reported greater workplace adjustment latitude and better psychosocial work environment than those on FTSL. These differences persisted after adjusting for previously known selection factors. Furthermore, the PTSL group reported more work autonomy and poorer coping with work demands, but these differences were more uncertain after adjustment. The groups did not differ in terms of previous long-term sick leave or psychological resilience. Conclusion The present study found differences between those on PTSL and FTSL with regards to self-reported health, workplace adjustment latitude and psychosocial work environment that were independent of differences identified in previous research. These results are important for future evaluations of the effect of PTSL on RTW, suggesting more attention should be paid to self-reported health status and workplace characteristics that are not captured using register data.

• Solem, Stian; Pedersen, Henrik; Nesse, Frikk Eirik Fjørtoft; Janssen, Arne Garvik; Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen & Hagen, Roger [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Validity of a Norwegian version of the Desire Thinking Questionnaire (DTQ): Associations with problem drinking, nicotine dependence and problematic social media use. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. ISSN 1063-3995. doi: 10.1002/cpp.2524. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The aim of the current study was to test the validity of the Norwegian version of the Desire Thinking Questionnaire (DTQ). Three cross‐sectional surveys were conducted investigating the psychometric properties of the DTQ in alcohol use (N = 588), nicotine use (N = 446) and social media use (N = 359). Principal components and confirmatory factor analyses supported the original two‐factor solution consisting of verbal perseveration (VP) and imaginal prefiguration (IP); however, one item was removed to obtain good fit. Internal consistency was acceptable. Both IP and VP showed significant correlations with problem drinking, nicotine dependence and problematic social media use. Regression analyses, controlling for demographics and negative affect, found IP and VP to be significantly associated with all dependent variables. The results confirm that desire thinking is an important construct across different addictive behaviours.

• Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen; Solem, Stian; Hagen, Roger; Havnen, Audun; Nysæter, Tor Erik & Hjemdal, Odin (2020). Change in personality traits and facets (Revised NEO Personality Inventory) following metacognitive therapy or cognitive behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. ISSN 1063-3995. s. 1–10. doi: 10.1002/cpp.2541. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objective We aimed to discover whether psychological treatment for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) was associated with changes in the big five personality traits and their facets. Method Patients with GAD were randomized either to receive cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT, n = 28) or metacognitive therapy (MCT, n = 32). Before and after 12 sessions of treatment, 55 of the patients completed the full Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) (240 items). Results Patients with GAD showed a personality profile with high Neuroticism and lower Extraversion and Openness. Treatment across conditions was associated with significant reduction in Neuroticism and increased Extraversion and Openness. There were no significant changes in Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. However, their facets of Actions and Trust increased. Post-treatment levels of neuroticism were associated with symptoms of worry before and after therapy, whereas post-treatment extraversion was related to depressive symptoms after treatment. MCT was associated with greater reduction of Neuroticism than CBT. Conclusions This is the first study to show that efficient treatment for a specific disorder resulted in changes across NEO-PI-R factors and facets and that more efficient treatment results in greater change. If this reflects a reduced trait vulnerability for mental disorder, this might provide evidence of relapse prevention.

• Janssen, Arne Garvik; Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen; Hagen, Roger; Hjemdal, Odin; Havnen, Audun & Solem, Stian (2020). Positive and negative metacognitions about alcohol: Validity of the Norwegian PAMS and NAMS. Addictive Behaviours. ISSN 0306-4603. 108(106466). doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106466. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hagen, Roger; Havnen, Audun; Hjemdal, Odin; Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen; Ryum, Truls & Solem, Stian (2020). Protective and vulnerability factors in self-esteem: The role of metacognitions, brooding, and resilience. Frontiers in Psychology. 11. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01447. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The aim of the current study was to explore protective (resilience) and vulnerability factors (dysfunctional metacognitions and brooding) for self-esteem. A total of 725 participants were included in a cross-sectional study. A path analysis revealed five paths to self-esteem. The three main paths were as follows: (1) symptoms −> metacognitions −> brooding −> self-esteem, (2) symptoms −> resilience −> self-esteem, and (3) a direct path from symptoms. The first path corresponds with the metacognitive model of psychopathology and suggests that triggers in the form of anxiety and depression symptoms lead to the activation of metacognitive beliefs, which in turn activates brooding in response to these triggers. When a person engages in brooding, this makes the person vulnerable to experiencing low self-esteem. The second path suggests a protective role of resilience factors. The overall model explained 55% of the variance in self-esteem. Regression analysis found that unique predictors of self-esteem were female sex, symptoms of anxiety and depression, brooding, and resilience. These findings have possible clinical implications, as treatment may benefit from addressing both protective and vulnerability factors in individuals suffering from low self-esteem.

• Berge, Erik Eng; Hagen, Roger & Halvorsen, Joar Øveraas (2020). PTSD relapse in Veterans of Iraq and Afghanistan: A systematic review. Military Psychology. ISSN 0899-5605. 32(4), s. 300–312. doi: 10.1080/08995605.2020.1754123. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This systematic review examines studies published between 2003, the initial invasion of Iraq, and 2018 related to the long-term treatment outcomes for Veterans of Iraq and Afghanistan suffering from combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). More specifically this review attempts to estimate the rate at which Veterans experience the return of symptoms after completing treatment. The review was conducted by the authors in accordance with the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. The literature search identified eight eligible studies, which met the predefined inclusion criteria. Of the included studies a majority were deemed to be at a high risk of attrition bias. In addition, few studies comprehensively reported relevant relapse or recurrence related outcome statistics. The implications of the available evidence base on long-term treatment outcomes are discussed. Recommendations for future studies on relapse and recurrence of PTSD symptoms among Veterans of Iraq and Afghanistan are also presented.

• Standal, Martin Inge; Aasdahl, Lene; Jensen, Chris; Foldal, Vegard; Hagen, Roger & Fors, Egil Andreas [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Subgroups of long-term sick-listed based on prognostic return to work factors across diagnoses – A cross-sectional latent class analysis. Journal of occupational rehabilitation. ISSN 1053-0487. doi: 10.1007/s10926-020-09928-5. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Comorbidity is common among long-term sick-listed and many prognostic factors for return to work (RTW) are shared across diagnoses. RTW interventions have small effects, possibly due to being averaged across heterogeneous samples. Identifying subgroups based on prognostic RTW factors independent of diagnoses might help stratify interventions. The aim of this study was to identify and describe subgroups of long-term sick-listed workers, independent of diagnoses, based on prognostic factors for RTW. Latent class analysis of 532 workers sick-listed for eight weeks was used to identify subgroups based on seven prognostic RTW factors (self-reported health, anxiety and depressive symptoms, pain, self-efficacy, work ability, RTW expectations) and four covariates (age, gender, education, physical work). Four classes were identified: Class 1 (45% of participants) was characterized by favorable scores on the prognostic factors; Class 2 (22%) by high anxiety and depressive symptoms, younger age and higher education; Class 3 (16%) by overall poor scores including high pain levels; Class 4 (17%) by physical work and lack of workplace adjustments. Class 2 included more individuals with a psychological diagnosis, while diagnoses were distributed more proportionate to the sample in the other classes. The identified classes illustrate common subgroups of RTW prognosis among long-term sick-listed individuals largely independent of diagnosis. These classes could in the future assist RTW services to provide appropriate type and extent of follow-up, however more research is needed to validate the class structure and examine how these classes predict outcomes and respond to interventions.

• Brænden, Astrid; Myhrer, Mari; Hagen, Roger & Solem, Stian (2020). En kvalitativ undersøkelse av metakognisjon og strategier ved bekymring hos barn på 7 og 8 år. Tidsskrift for kognitiv terapi. ISSN 1504-3142. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Foldal, Vegard; Standal, Martin Inge; Aasdahl, Lene; Hagen, Roger; Bagøien, Gunnhild & Fors, Egil Andreas [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Sick-listed workers’ experiences with motivational interviewing in the return to work process: a qualitative interview study. BMC Public Health. 20(276). doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-8382-9. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background When returning to work after being on long-term sick leave, individuals may experience varying levels of motivation and self-efficacy. Motivational interviewing (MI) is a counseling style that aims to increase motivation towards change, and it may be useful in the return to work (RTW) process. The aim of this study was to explore sick-listed workers’ experiences with MI in the RTW process. Methods This qualitative study was part of a randomized controlled trial evaluating the effects of MI on the RTW process, and it was administered by caseworkers at the Norwegian Labor and Welfare Administration. Sixteen sick-listed individuals, aged 33–60, participated in semi-structured interviews. All had a sick leave status of 50–100% for at least 8 weeks when interviewed and all had completed 2 MI sessions. The data was analyzed with systematic text condensation. Results Participants’ experiences of the MI sessions were categorized into three themes: (1) relationship with the MI caseworker, (2) normalizing sick leave, and (3) adjusting RTW strategies. The MI sessions were experienced as a positive encounter due to the supportive relationship that was built between the MI caseworker and the sick-listed worker. Being sick listed led to feelings of guilt and stigmatization, but acceptance and support from the MI caseworkers helped normalize the situation for the sick-listed workers. Furthermore, MI sessions allowed for personalized feedback and discussions on adjustments to their RTW strategies. Conclusion Sick-listed workers experienced MI as positive due to the good relationship that developed with the MI caseworker, how this normalized sick leave, and the help they received with adjusting their RTW strategies. Professionals working with individuals attempting to RTW may benefit from using MI as a method for helping sick-listed workers to RTW.

• Nordahl, Henrik; Hjemdal, Odin; Hagen, Roger; Nordahl, Hans Morten & Wells, Adrian (2019). What lies beneath trait-anxiety? Testing the Self-Regulatory Executive Function Model of vulnerability. Frontiers in Psychology. 10:122, s. 1–8. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00122. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Vulnerability to psychological disorder can be assessed with constructs such as trait anxiety and neuroticism which among others are transdiagnostic risk factors. However, trait-anxiety and related concepts have been criticised because they don’t illuminate the etiological mechanisms of psychopathology. In contrast, the metacognitive (S-REF) model offers a framework in which metacognitive knowledge conceptualised in trait terms is part of a core mechanism underlying trait-anxiety and related constructs. The present study therefore set out to explore metacognitions as potential underlying factors in trait-anxiety (the propensity to depression and anxiety). Nine hundred and eighty two participants completed self-report measures of metacognitions and trait-anxiety at time 1, and 425 individuals completed the same measures 8 weeks later. At the cross-sectional level, metacognitions accounted for 83% of the variance in anxiety- and 64% of depression propensity. Furthermore, despite both domains of trait-anxiety showing high stability over time, negative- and positive metacognitive beliefs were significant prospective predictors of both domains of vulnerability. These findings suggests that metacognitive beliefs may be an underlying mechanism of vulnerability attributed to trait-anxiety with the implication that the metacognitive (S-REF) model informs conceptualization of psychological vulnerability, and that metacognitive therapy applications might be employed to enhance psychological resilience.

• Solem, Stian; Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen; Hagen, Roger; Havnen, Audun; Nordahl, Hans Morten & Wells, Adrian [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Metacognitive therapy for depression: A 3-year follow-up study assessing recovery, relapse, work force participation, and quality of life. Frontiers in Psychology. 10, s. 1–8. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02908. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  A major challenge in the treatment of depression has been high relapse rates following treatment. The current study reports results from a 3-year follow-up of patients treated with metacognitive therapy (MCT). Thirty-four of the 39 patients enrolled in the original study attended assessment (participation rate of 87%). There were large reductions in symptoms of depression, anxiety, interpersonal problems, and worry, as well as metacognitive beliefs. Three patients fulfilled diagnostic criteria for axis-I disorders: one with depression and two with generalized anxiety disorder. Sixty percent had not experienced any new depressive episodes in the 3-year follow-up period, and the static relapse rates were low (11–15%). Recovery rates ranged from 69 to 97% depending upon the four different criteria used. Nevertheless, 26% had sought out treatment for depression or other psychological difficulties. Most patients (70%) had experienced negative life events in the follow-up period, but these events did not influence current depression severity. Return to work outcomes were encouraging, as eight out of 13 patients that had been on benefits were no longer receiving benefits. Life satisfaction ratings showed mean scores around 70 (on a 0–100 scale) and showed a moderate to strong negative correlation with depression severity. In conclusion, MCT appears to be promising with respect to long-term effect. Randomized controlled trials should investigate if the long-term effect of MCT surpasses that of other evidence-based treatments for depression.

• Hjemdal, Odin; Solem, Stian; Hagen, Roger; Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen; Nordahl, Hans Morten & Wells, Adrian (2019). A Randomized Controlled Trial of Metacognitive Therapy for Depression: Analysis of 1-Year Follow-Up. Frontiers in Psychology. 10, s. 1–9. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01842. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This paper reports the 1-year follow-up results from a randomized controlled trial (RCT), which examined the efficacy of metacognitive therapy (MCT) for unipolar depression compared to a waiting condition. Thirty-nine patients with major depression were offered MCT and were divided into two conditions; immediate MCT with 10 weekly sessions or a waiting period that had a 10-week delayed MCT start. Two participants dropped out during the waiting condition. Thirty-four patients participated in the follow-up assessment. Based on the intent-to-treat sample and all patients, 67% were classified as recovered, 13% improved, and 20% were unchanged at 1-year follow-up. For the completers sample 73% recovered, 12% improved, and 15% were unchanged. Five of the 31 patients (13%) that were in remission at post-treatment experienced relapse at 1-year follow-up. Within-group effect sizes were large for reductions in symptoms of depression (d = 2.09) and anxiety (d = 1.16) at 1-year. Treatment response was associated with reductions in rumination, worry, and metacognitive beliefs as predicted by the metacognitive model, but reductions in metacognitions independently predicted reductions in depression scores from pre-treatment to 1-year follow-up. The results suggest that treatment gains are stable at 1-year follow-up. The study sets the stage for future research, which should evaluate MCT over a longer term and compare it with active treatments using suitably powered RCTs.

• Aasdahl, Lene; Foldal, Vegard Stolsmo; Standal, Martin Inge; Hagen, Roger; Johnsen, Roar & Solbjør, Marit [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Motivational interviewing in long-term sickness absence: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial followed by qualitative and economic studies. BMC Public Health. 18(756). doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-5686-0. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Motivational interviewing (MI), mainly used and shown effective in health care (substance abuse, smoking cessation, increasing exercise and other life style changes), is a collaborative conversation (style) about change that could be useful for individuals having problems related to return to work (RTW). The aim of this paper is to describe the design of a randomized controlled trial evaluating the effect of MI on RTW among sick listed persons compared to usual care, in a social security setting. Methods The study is a randomized controlled trial with parallel group design. Individuals between 18 and 60 years who have been sick listed for more than 7 weeks, with a current sick leave status of 50–100%, are identified in the Norwegian National Social Security System and invited to participate in the study. Exclusion criteria are no employment and pregnancy. Included participants are randomly assigned to the MI intervention or one of two control groups. The MI intervention consists of two MI sessions offered by caseworkers at the Norwegian Labor and Welfare Service (NAV), while the comparative arms consist of a usual care group and a group that receives two extra sessions without MI content (to control for attentional bias). The primary outcome measure is the total number of sickness absence days during 12 months after inclusion, obtained from national registers. Secondary outcomes include time until full sustainable return to work, health-related quality of life and mental health status. In addition, a health economic evaluation, a feasibility/process evaluation and qualitative studies will be performed as part of the study. Discussion A previous study has suggested an effect of MI on RTW for sick listed workers with musculoskeletal complaints. The present study will evaluate the effect of MI for all sick listed workers, regardless of diagnosis. The knowledge from this study will potentially be important for policy makers, clinicians and other professionals` practical work.

• Solem, Stian; Hagen, Roger; Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen & Hjemdal, Odin (2018). Kognitiv atferdsbehandling av generalisert angstlidelse og depresjon hos eldre: På tide å teste ut nye metoder? Tidsskrift for Norsk psykologforening (Psykologtidsskriftet). ISSN 0332-6470. 55(11), s. 1013–1021. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Cognitive behaviour therapy for older adults with generalised anxiety disorder and depression – Shouldnew interventions be tested? Research on treatment of generalised anxiety disorder and depression among older adults (60+) has some challenges. Treatment guidelines recommend pharmacological treatment and cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT), but the effects suggest that there is room for improvement. Furthermore, generalised anxiety disorder and depression are not necessarily two distinct disorders and may share common underlying mechanisms such as repetitive negative thinking like worry and rumination. Transdiagnostic treatment options targeting these thinking processes should therefore be developed. In this current paper, CBT for depression and generalized anxiety disorder is compared with metacognitive therapy (MCT). Results suggest that MCT could be more effective than CBT. However, MCT has not been tested with elderly patients. We therefore recommend that MCT and CBT for older adults with anxiety and depression should be compared using a randomised controlled trial design.

• Kaasbøll, Charlotte; Hagen, Roger & Gråwe, Rolf W. (2018). Population-based associations among cannabis use, anxiety, and depression in Norwegian adolescents. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse. ISSN 1067-828X. 27(4), s. 238–243. doi: 10.1080/1067828X.2018.1462281. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objective: The aim of the study was to explore the use of cannabis among Norwegian adolescents and examine associations with self-reported symptoms of anxiety and depression, age, and dose/frequency of use. Methods: A total of 36,714 Norwegian adolescents between the ages of 13 and 17 completed a cross-sectional national survey. Results: Cannabis users reported significantly more symptoms of anxiety and depression compared to non-users. There were no significant differences on anxiety and depression scores between those who had tried the drug once and those who had tried it six times or more. Both cannabis use and the prevalence of symptoms of anxiety and depression were found to increase with age. Girls reported less use of cannabis and slightly more symptoms of anxiety and depression compared to boys. Conclusions: The present study contributes to the existing knowledge about important associations between cannabis use and symptoms of anxiety and depression in adolescents. Future research should focus on longitudinal methods in order to better understand the role of environmental and neurobiological explanatory factors.

• Strand, Eivind Bergem; Hagen, Roger; Hjemdal, Odin; Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen & Solem, Stian (2018). Metacognitive Therapy for Depression Reduces Interpersonal Problems: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial. Frontiers in Psychology. 9. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01415. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Interpersonal problems are significantly elevated in patients with depression. Metacognitive therapy (MCT) for depression does not address interpersonal problems but is associated with large reduction in depressive symptoms. The main aim of the current study was to explore whether MCT leads to improvements in interpersonal problems in patients with depression. The study was a waitlist controlled trial and assessments took place at pre- and post-treatment as well as 6-month follow-up. At pre-treatment, the sample had more interpersonal problems compared to samples from other studies of psychiatric outpatients. MCT was associated with large reductions in interpersonal problems. Level of interpersonal problems were not related to poorer treatment response. MCT, which does not directly target interpersonal problems, worked well for patients with depression and interpersonal problems. Future research should compare MCT with other evidence-based treatments for patients with depression and interpersonal problems.

• Nordahl, Hans Morten; Borkovec, Thomas D; Hagen, Roger; Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen; Hjemdal, Odin & Solem, Stian [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive–behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open. 4(5), s. 393–400. doi: 10.1192/bjo.2018.54. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) is the treatment of choice for generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), yielding significant improvements in approximately 50% of patients. There is significant room for improvement in the outcomes of treatment, especially in recovery. Aims We aimed to compare metacognitive therapy (MCT) with the gold standard treatment, CBT, in patients with GAD (clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00426426). Method A total of 246 patients with long-term GAD were assessed and 81 were randomised into three conditions: CBT (n = 28), MCT (n = 32) and a wait-list control (n = 21). Assessments were made at pre-treatment, post-treatment and at 2 year follow-up. Results Both CBT and MCT were effective treatments, but MCT was more effective (mean difference 9.762, 95% CI 2.679–16.845, P = 0.004) and led to significantly higher recovery rates (65% v. 38%). These differences were maintained at 2 year follow-up. Conclusions MCT seems to produce recovery rates that exceed those of CBT. These results demonstrate that the effects of treatment cannot be attributed to non-specific therapy factors.

• Hagen, Kristen; Solem, Stian; Opstad, Håvard Berg; Hansen, Bjarne & Hagen, Roger (2017). The role of metacognition and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in psychosis: An analogue study. BMC Psychiatry. 17:233, s. 1–8. doi: 10.1186/s12888-017-1392-1. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Several studies have indicated that obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common comorbidity in patients with psychotic disorders, but there is sparse knowledge about the relationship between symptoms of OCD and psychotic symptoms. Metacognitions which guides thinking and coping is theorized to be a transdiagnostic component central for development and maintenance of psychological disorders, OCD and psychosis included. The aim of the study was therefore to explore how symptoms of OCD and metacognitions relate to symptoms of psychosis. Our main hypotheses were that metacognitions would be significantly related to all symptoms of psychological distress, and that there is considerable overlap between symptoms of psychosis and OCD. Methods: Community controls (N = 194) completed an internet survey measuring levels of paranoid ideation, predisposition to hallucinations, symptoms of OCD, depression, anxiety, and metacognitions. Correlations and hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses were used to unveil the relationship between symptoms and beliefs. Results: Symptoms of OCD showed a strong positive correlation with symptoms of psychosis, and the relationships were still significant after controlling for symptoms of anxiety and depression. Metacognitions also showed strong positive correlations with all symptom measures. Metacognition and OCD-symptoms accounted for 53.8% of the variance in paranoid ideation and 43.8% of predisposition to hallucinations. There was a large overlap between symptoms of psychosis, OCD-symptoms, and metacognitions (30.2–37.3%). Conclusions: In general, the results suggest considerable overlap between paranoid ideation, predisposition to hallucinations, and OCD and metacognitive beliefs in a non-clinical sample. Further experimental- and clinical studies are needed in order to explore metacognitive models of OCD and psychosis.

• Østefjells, Tiril; Lystad, June Ullevoldsæter; Berg, Akiah Ottesen; Hagen, Roger; Loewy, R & Sandvik, Leiv [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Metacognitive beliefs mediate the effect of emotional abuse on depressive and psychotic symptoms in severe mental disorders. Psychological Medicine. ISSN 0033-2917. 47(13), s. 2323–2333. doi: 10.1017/S0033291717000848. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hagen, Roger; Hjemdal, Odin; Solem, Stian; Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen; Nordahl, Hans Morten & Fisher, Peter [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Metacognitive therapy for depression in adults: A waiting list randomized controlled trial with six months follow-up. Frontiers in Psychology. 8, s. 1–10. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00031. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This randomized controlled trial examines the efficacy of metacognitive therapy (MCT) for depression. Thirty-nine patients with depression were randomly assigned to immediate MCT (10 sessions) or a 10-week wait list period (WL). The WL-group received 10 sessions of MCT after the waiting period. Two participants dropped out from WL and none dropped out of immediate MCT treatment. Participants receiving MCT improved significantly more than the WL group. Large controlled effect sizes were observed for both depressive (d = 2.51) and anxious symptoms (d = 1.92). Approximately 70–80% could be classified as recovered at post-treatment and 6 months follow-up following immediate MCT, whilst 5% of the WL patients recovered during the waiting period. The results suggest that MCT is a promising treatment for depression. Future controlled studies should compare MCT with other active treatments.

• Østefjells, Tiril; Melle, Ingrid; Aminoff, Sofie Ragnhild; Hellvin, Tone; Hagen, Roger & Lagerberg, Trine Vik [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). An exploration of metacognitive beliefs and thought control strategies in bipolar disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry. ISSN 0010-440X. 73, s. 84–92. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.11.008. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Previous studies have shown that individuals with schizophrenia exhibit higher levels of unhelpful metacognitive beliefs than healthy controls, but no studies have explored metacognitive beliefs in early psychosis. Aims: We examined i) differences in levels of unhelpful metacognitive beliefs between psychosis spectrum disorders, and healthy controls, and ii) to what extent demographic and clinical characteristics predicted levels of metacognitive beliefs in the early treated phases of psychotic disorders. Method: Patients were included within two years of first treatment for a psychotic disorder (N=92). They were assessed on premorbid adjustment, psychotic symptoms, anxiety/depression, and self-reported metacognitive beliefs (MCQ-30). Ninety-seven controls also completed MCQ-30. Predictors of metacognitive beliefs were explored with multiple linear regression analyses. Results: Patients scored significantly higher than controls on all metacognitive subscales except positive beliefs about worry. The regression model explained 14—38% of the variance on each metacognitive subscale. Current affective symptoms explained a significant amount of variance on all subscales, except positive beliefs about worry. Childhood (premorbid) social adjustment predicted a significant amount of the variance on all subscales, except cognitive confidence. Duration of untreated psychosis contributed significantly to more unhelpful beliefs about cognitive confidence. Negative symptoms predicted lower scores on cognitive self-consciousness. Conclusion: Affective symptoms and childhood social adjustment could be important predictors of unhelpful metacognitive beliefs in the early treated phases of psychosis, indicating potential psychopathological relationships that warrant further investigation for clinical relevance.

• Ryum, Truls; Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen; Hjemdal, Odin; Hagen, Roger; Halvorsen, Joar Øveraas & Solem, Stian (2017). Worry and Metacognitions as Predictors of Anxiety Symptoms: A Prospective Study. Frontiers in Psychology. 8(924). doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00924. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Both worry and metacognitive beliefs have been found to be related to the development of anxiety, but metacognitive theory (Wells and Matthews, 1994; Wells, 2009) suggest that metacognitive beliefs may play a more prominent role. The aim of the present prospective study was to examine whether worry, metacognitive beliefs or the interaction between worry and metacognitive beliefs, were the best predictor of anxiety over time, utilizing a longitudinal, prospective study design. An undergraduate student sample (N = 190) was assessed on measures of worry (PSWQ), metacognitive beliefs (MCQ-30) and anxiety (BAI) at three points in time over a 7-month period. A mixed-model analysis revealed that both worry and metacognitive beliefs predicted development of anxiety, independently of each other, with no indication of an interaction-effect (PSWQ * MCQ-30). Further, analyses of the MCQ-30 subscales indicated that negative metacognitive beliefs may be particularly important in the development of anxiety. While gender was correlated with worry, gender predicted anxiety beyond the effect of worry. Taken together, the results imply that both worry and metacognitive beliefs play a prominent role for the development of anxiety.

• Neumer, Simon-Peter; Costache, Alexandra-Maria & Hagen, Roger (2017). Effekten av indikerte tiltak for forebygging av angst og depresjon hos barn og unge: en systematisk litteraturgjennomgang. Tidsskrift for Norsk psykologforening (Psykologtidsskriftet). ISSN 0332-6470. 54(11), s. 1076–1087. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Solem, Stian; Hagen, Roger; Hoksnes, Jonas & Hjemdal, Odin (2016). The metacognitive model of depression: An empirical test in a large Norwegian sample. Psychiatry Research. ISSN 0165-1781. 242, s. 171–173. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.05.056. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hjemdal, Odin; Hagen, Roger; Solem, Stian; Nordahl, Henrik; Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen & Ryum, Truls [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2016). Metacognitive Therapy in Major Depression: An Open Trial of Comorbid Cases. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice. ISSN 1077-7229. 24(3), s. 312–318. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2016.06.006. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This open trial investigated the transdiagnostic effects of metacognitive therapy (MCT) in patients with severe major depressive disorder and comorbid psychiatric disorder. Ten patients were treated with MCT over 10 sessions and were assessed with measures of depression, anxiety, rumination, and metacognitions at pre- and posttreatment and at 6 months follow-up. None of the patients were diagnosed as depressed at posttreatment, and of the initial 21 total diagnoses at pretreatment only 3 diagnoses remained at postintervention. The effect sizes were large for symptoms of depression, rumination, and worry. At 6 months follow-up standardized recovery criteria on the BDI showed that 70% were recovered, 20% improved, and 10% unchanged. The results indicate that MCT was associated with high rates of transdiagnostic improvement.

• Reiersen, Stine; Solem, Stian; Hagen, Roger & Fisher, Peter Leonard (2016). Metakognisjoner og symptomer på kroppsdysmorfisk lidelse. Tidsskrift for Norsk psykologforening (Psykologtidsskriftet). ISSN 0332-6470. 53(12), s. 986–992. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Vogel, Patrick A.; Hagen, Roger; Hjemdal, Odin; Solem, Stian; Smeby, Maud Caroline Berg & Strand, Eivind Bergem [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2016). Metacognitive Therapy applications in Social Anxiety Disorder: An exploratory study of the individual and combined effects of the Attention Training Technique and Situational Attentional Refocusing. Journal of Experimental Psychopathology. 7(4), s. 608–618. doi: 10.5127/jep.054716. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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• Hagen, Roger & Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen (2025). Psykoterapi: Tilnærminger og metoder. Gyldendal Akademisk. ISBN 9788205600287. 444 s. doi: https:/www.gyldendal.no/faglitteratur/psykologi/psykoterapi/p-10038775. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Parmar, Neeta Myrseth & Hagen, Roger (2025). Kognitiv terapi i behandling av lav selvverdi. Fagbokforlaget. ISBN 9788245051919. 128 s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen; Hagen, Roger & Sørengaard, Torhild Anita (2025). Personlighet i arbeidsliv og ledelse. Fagbokforlaget. ISBN 9788245057683. 275 s. doi: https:/fagbokforlaget.no/produkt/9788245057683-personlighet-i-arbeidsliv-og-ledelse. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Martinsen, Kristin & Hagen, Roger (2021). Håndbok i kognitiv atferdsterapi i behandling av barn og unge. Gyldendal Akademisk. ISBN 9788205545298. 484 s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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• Øiestad, Britt Elin; Maas, Esther; Aanesen, Fiona; Tingulstad, Alexander; Rysstad, Tarjei Langseth & Tulder, Maurits van [Vis alle 16 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). Effectiveness of adding motivational interviewing or stratified vocational advice intervention to usual case management on sick leave days, costs, and self-reported health over 12 months for people with musculoskeletal disorders: Results from the MI-NAV trial. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Høstmælingen, Andreas Teisner; Bækkelund, Harald; Coldevin, Marit; Hagen, Roger; Herheim, Åste & Holmén, Aina [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). Hvem er psykologene til for? Tidsskrift for Norsk psykologforening (Psykologtidsskriftet). ISSN 0332-6470. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen; Sørengaard, Torhild Anita & Hagen, Roger (2025). Forord. I Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen; Hagen, Roger & Sørengaard, Torhild Anita (Red.), Personlighet i arbeidsliv og ledelse. Fagbokforlaget. ISSN 9788245057683. s. 5–5. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hagen, Roger & Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen (2025). Forord. I Hagen, Roger & Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen (Red.), Psykoterapi: Tilnærminger og metoder. Gyldendal Akademisk. ISSN 9788205600287. s. 5–5. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Aasdahl, Lene; Standal, Martin Inge; Hagen, Roger; Solbjør, Marit; Bagøien, Gunnhild & Fossen, Heidi [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Effekten av motiverende intervju på retur til arbeid hos sykemeldte. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Rauwenhoff, Johanne Catharina Charlotte; Hagen, Roger; Karaliute, Migle; Hjemdal, Odin; Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen & Solem, Stian [Vis alle 16 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Metacognitive therapy for people experiencing persistent post-concussion symptoms following mild traumatic brain injury. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Munkhaugen, John; Papageorgiou, Constantinos; Hagen, Roger; Johnson, Sverre Urnes; Einvik, Gunnar & Dammen, Toril (2023). Editorial: Progress in understanding and treating distress, sleep, and personality in heart and lung disease. Frontiers in Psychology. 14. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1323677. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Ådnøy, Torstein; Solem, Stian; Hagen, Roger & Havnen, Audun (2023). Correction: An empirical investigation of the associations between metacognition, mindfulness experiential avoidance, depression, and anxiety (BMC Psychology, (2023), 11, 1, (281), 10.1186/s40359-023-01336-7). BMC Psychology. 11(1). doi: 10.1186/s40359-023-01394-x. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Oddli, Hanne Berit Weie; Nissen-Lie, Helene, Amundsen; Hagen, Roger; Halvorsen, Margrethe S.; Råbu, Marit & Solbakken, Ole Andre [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Psykoterapi har god effekt – selv om NRK sår tvil. Morgenbladet. ISSN 0805-3847. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Øiestad, Britt Elin; Grotle, Margreth; Rysstad, Tarjei Langseth; Tveter, Anne Therese; Tingulstad, Alexander & Løchting, Ida [Vis alle 16 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Effekten av motiverende intervju og arbeidsrettet samtalebasert intervensjon på retur til arbeid hos sykemeldte som følge av muskel- og skjelettdiagnoser. En randomisert kontrollert studie. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Øiestad, Britt Elin; Grotle, Margreth; Rysstad, Tarjei Langseth; Tveter, Anne Therese; Tingulstad, Alexander & Løchting, Ida [Vis alle 16 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Effekten av motiverende intervju og arbeidsrettet samtalebehandling på retur til arbeid hos personer sykemeldt som følge av muskel- og skjelettplager. En randomisert kontrollert studie. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Aanesen, Fiona; Grotle, Margreth; Rysstad, Tarjei Langseth; Tveter, Anne Therese; Tingulstad, Alexander & Løchting, Ida [Vis alle 17 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Helping people with musculoskeletal disorders return to work. Effectiveness of adding motivational interviewing or stratified vocational advice to usual case management - a randomised controlled trial. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Solbakken, Ole Andre; Nissen-Lie, Helene, Amundsen; Oddli, Hanne Berit Weie; Råbu, Marit; Stänicke, Erik & Hagen, Roger [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Folkeopplysningens konklusjon er misvisende. Tidsskrift for Norsk psykologforening (Psykologtidsskriftet). ISSN 0332-6470. s. 1051–1052. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Standal, Martin Inge; Foldal, Vegard; Hagen, Roger; Aasdahl, Lene; Johnsen, Roar & Fors, Egil Andreas [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Helse, arbeid og familieforpliktelser – Psykososiale erfaringer I tidlig fase av langtids sykefravær. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Aasdahl, Lene; Solbjør, Marit; Standal, Martin Inge; Foldal, Vegard; Fossen, Heidi & Johnsen, Roar [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Bedre sykefraværsoppfølging - effekten av motiverende intervju i NAV og tilbakeføring til arbeid. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Aasdahl, Lene; Hagen, Roger; Standal, Martin Inge; Fors, Egil Andreas & Solbjør, Marit (2022). Hindringer og muligheter ved implementering av MI som et tiltak i NAV – resultater fra en prosessevaluering. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Aasdahl, Lene; Hagen, Roger; Solbjør, Marit; Standal, Martin Inge & Fors, Egil Andreas (2022). Bedre sykefraværsoppfølging - Effekten av motiverende intervju i NAV og tilbakeføring til arbeid. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Aasdahl, Lene; Hagen, Roger; Solbjør, Marit; Standal, Martin Inge & Fors, Egil Andreas (2022). Bedre sykefraværsoppfølging av muskelskjelettsmerter – Erfaringer fra kliniske studier med NAV. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hagen, Roger; Bagøien, Gunnhild; Standal, Martin Inge; Aasdahl, Lene & Fors, Egil Andreas (2022). Motiverende intervju som metode i tilbakeføring til arbeid. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Standal, Martin Inge; Aasdahl, Lene; Hagen, Roger; Solbjør, Marit & Fors, Egil Andreas (2022). Helse, arbeid og familieforpliktelser – Psykososiale erfaringer I tidlig fase av langtids sykefravær. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Foldal, Vegard; Solbjør, Marit; Standal, Martin Inge; Fors, Egil Andreas; Hagen, Roger & Johnsen, Roar [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Barriers and Facilitators for Implementing Motivational Interviewing as a Return to Work Intervention: A Mixed Methods Process Evaluation. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hagen, Roger & Harstad, Stine (2021). Metakognitiv terapi for barn og unge. I Martinsen, Kristin & Hagen, Roger (Red.), Håndbok i kognitiv atferdsterapi i behandling av barn og unge. Gyldendal Akademisk. ISSN 9788205545298. s. 414–437. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hagen, Roger (2021). Personlighetsforstyrrelser. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Martinsen, Kristin & Hagen, Roger (2021). Introduksjon til kognitiv atferdsterapi for barn og unge. I Martinsen, Kristin & Hagen, Roger (Red.), Håndbok i kognitiv atferdsterapi i behandling av barn og unge. Gyldendal Akademisk. ISSN 9788205545298. s. 17–50. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Havnen, Audun; Hjemdal, Odin; Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen; Hagen, Roger & Solem, Stian (2019). MCT for major depressive disorder: Session-to-session analyses. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hjemdal, Odin; Solem, Stian; Hagen, Roger; Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen; Nordahl, Hans Morten & Wells, Adrian (2019). A Randomized Controlled Trial of Metacognitive Therapy for Depression: Analysis of 1-Year Follow-Up. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Strand, Eivind; Hagen, Roger; Hjemdal, Odin; Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen & Solem, Stian (2019). Metacognitive Therapy for Depression Reduces Interpersonal Problems: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Foldal, Vegard; Standal, Martin Inge; Hagen, Roger & Fors, Egil Andreas (2019). "Vil finne ut om veiledningsmetode virker". [Internet]. https://memu.no. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Motiverende intervju (MI) er en veiledningsmetode som skal motivere til atferdsendring. Men får metoden sykmeldte raskere i jobb? Det vil NTNU finne ut, i tett samarbeid med NAV Trøndelag.

• Foldal, Vegard; Standal, Martin Inge; Aasdahl, Lene; Hagen, Roger; Fors, Egil Andreas & Johnsen, Roar [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Sick-listed Workers' experiences with motivational interviewing administered by caseworkers in the return to work process. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Foldal, Vegard Stolsmo; Fors, Egil Andreas; Standal, Martin Inge; Hagen, Roger; Solbjør, Marit & Jensen, Chris [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Effect of motivational interviewing in long-term sickness absence on return to work: design of a randomized controlled trial with mixed methods. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Foldal, Vegard Stolsmo; Fors, Egil Andreas; Standal, Martin Inge; Hagen, Roger; Johnsen, Roar & Solbjør, Marit [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Motivational interviewing in long-term sick absence: design of a randomized controlled trial with mixed methods. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Foldal, Vegard Stolsmo; Aasdahl, Lene; Standal, Martin Inge; Hagen, Roger; Johnsen, Roar & Solbjør, Marit [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Effekten av motiverende intervju på tilbakeføring til arbeid: En randomisert studie. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Standal, Martin Inge; Foldal, Vegard; Hagen, Roger; Aasdahl, Lene; Johnsen, Roar & Fors, Egil Andreas [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Describing the first two months of sickness absence: Experiences from the sick listed in a Norwegian context. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Standal, Martin Inge; Foldal, Vegard; Hagen, Roger; Aasdahl, Lene; Johnsen, Roar & Fors, Egil Andreas [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Describing the first two months of sickness absence: Experiences from the sick listed in a Norwegian context. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hagen, Roger (2017). Märtha Louise: Følte jeg ikke var bra nok for prinsesserollen. [Internet]. nrk.no. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hagen, Roger (2017). Om høy-sensitivitet - Prinsesse Martha Louise skriver om hvordan det er å være født høy-sensitiv. [TV]. NRK Dagsrevyen. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hagen, Roger (2017). kritisk til ny Märtha-bok: Jeg ville heller snakket med en psykolog enn en prinsesse. [Internet]. tv2.no. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hagen, Roger & Hjemdal, Odin (2017). Bli kvitt depresjonen ved å få kontroll over tankene. [Internet]. Gemini.no. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hagen, Roger & Hjemdal, Odin (2017). Getting rid of depression by changing how you think. [Internet]. Gemini. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hagen, Roger & Hjemdal, Odin (2017). Bli kvitt depresjonen ved å få kontroll på grublete tanker. [Internet]. Adresseavisen. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hjemdal, Odin & Hagen, Roger (2017). Deprimerte blir friskere ved å få kontroll på tankene som kverner. [Internet]. Universitetsavisa.no. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hagen, Roger & Hjemdal, Odin (2017). Kvitter seg med depresjon ved å gi blaffen. [Internet]. forskning.no. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Fors, Egil Andreas; Hagen, Roger & Fimland, Marius Steiro (2017). Nå skal NTNU og NAV forske på å få sykmeldte tilbake i arbeid: Hva skal til for å få sykemeldte fortere tilbake på jobb? Det skal NTNU-forskere og NAV finne ut av. [Journal]. Adresseavisen. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hagen, Roger (2016). Psykedelikaforsker skaper bølger. [Journal]. Tidsskrift for norsk psykologforening. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hagen, Roger & Vedvik, Kari Oliv (2016). Psykolog: – Litt eksamensnerver er bra. [Internet]. utdanningsnytt.no. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hagen, Roger (2016). Forskerblikk på pakkeforløp - Kan bli motarbeidet innenfra. [Journal]. Tidsskrift for Norsk Psykologforening. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hagen, Roger; Hjemdal, Odin; Solem, Stian; Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen; Nordahl, Hans Morten & Wells, Adrian (2016). Metacognitive therapy for depression: a randomized controlled trial. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hjemdal, Odin; Hagen, Roger & Solem, Stian (2016). A prospective study of metacognitive and cognitive predictors of depressive symptoms. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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