Frank Larøi

• Bell, Adrienne; Toh, Wei Lin; Allen, Paul; Cella, Matteo; Jardri, Renaud & Larøi, Frank [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Examining the relationships between cognition and auditory hallucinations: A systematic review. Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry (Print). ISSN 0004-8674. doi: 10.1177/00048674241235849.
• Haj, Mohamad El & Larøi, Frank (2024). On hallucinations and memory: the relationship between hallucinations and autobiographical overgenerality in Alzheimer’s Disease. Acta Neuropsychiatrica. ISSN 0924-2708. doi: 10.1017/neu.2024.7.
• Torgalsbøen, Anne Kari; Mohn, Christine; Larøi, Frank; Fu, Susie & Czajkowski, Nikolai Olavi (2023). A ten-year longitudinal repeated assessment study of cognitive improvement in patients with first-episode schizophrenia and healthy controls: The Oslo Schizophrenia Recovery (OSR) study. Schizophrenia Research. ISSN 0920-9964. 260, s. 92–98. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.08.008. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Mohn-Haugen, Caroline Ranem; Møller, Paul; Mohn, Christine; Larøi, Frank; Teigset, Charlotte Margrethe & Øie, Merete Glenne [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Anomalous self-experiences and neurocognitive functioning in adolescents at risk for psychosis: Still no significant associations found between these two vulnerability markers. Comprehensive Psychiatry. ISSN 0010-440X. 125. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2023.152400. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Della Libera, Clara; Goosse, Manon; Larøi, Frank & Willems, Sylvie (2023). Examining the impact of experiencing auditory verbal hallucinations from a first-person perspective on the degree of empathy and stigmatization in a group of psychology students: A study using 360° immersive videos. Comprehensive Psychiatry. ISSN 0010-440X. 123. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2023.152379.
• Della Libera, Clara; Simon, Jessica; Larøi, Frank; Quertemont, Etienne & Wagener, Aurélie (2023). Using 360-degree immersive videos to assess multiple transdiagnostic symptoms: A study focusing on fear of negative evaluation, paranoid thoughts, negative automatic thoughts, and craving. Virtual Reality. ISSN 1359-4338. doi: 10.1007/s10055-023-00779-y.
• Mohn-Haugen, Caroline Ranem; Mohn, Hanne Christine; Larøi, Frank; Teigset, Charlotte; Øie, Merete Glenne & Rund, Bjørn Rishovd (2022). Cognitive functioning in a group of adolescents at risk for psychosis. Frontiers in Psychiatry. ISSN 1664-0640. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1075222. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Næss, Julie Øverbø; Hirnstein, Marco ; Kusztrits, Isabella & Larøi, Frank (2022). An online survey on clinical and healthy individuals with auditory verbal hallucinations: Abuse did not lead to more negative voice content. Schizophrenia Research. ISSN 0920-9964. s. 1–7. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.11.020. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Abstract Despite the clinical and theoretical importance of the negative content in auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs), little research has been conducted on the topic. A handful of studies suggest that trauma or adverse life events contribute to negative content. The findings are somewhat inconsistent, however, possibly due to methodological limitations. Moreover, only trauma occurring in childhood has been investigated so far. In the present study, we studied the effect of abuse, experienced in either child- or adulthood, and clinical status on negative content of AVHs in four groups of participants that were assessed as part of a large, previously published online survey: Individuals with a psychotic disorder and AVHs (total n = 33), who had experienced abuse (n = 21) or not (n = 12) as well as a group of healthy individuals with AVHs (total n = 53), who had experienced abuse (n = 31) or not (n = 22). We hypothesized that having experienced abuse was associated with a higher degree of negative content. The clinical group collectively reported significantly higher degrees of negative AVHs content compared to the healthy group, but there was no effect of abuse on the degree of negative AVHs content. The presence of AVHs was more common amongst individuals who reported a history of abuse compared to individuals with no history of abuse, both in clinical and healthy participants with AVHs. This implies that at group level, being subjected to traumatic events increases an individual's vulnerability to experiencing AVHs. However, it does not necessarily account for negative content in AVHs. Keywords Adverse life eventsTraumaSchizophreniaChildhoodPsychosisHealthy voice hearersPsychotic experiences

• Latteur, Alizée; Larøi, Frank & Bortolon, Catherine (2022). Translation and Validation of the French Version of the Revised Green et al., Paranoid Thoughts Scale (R-GPTS) in Two Samples: Non-Clinical and Clinical Adults. Psychologica Belgica. ISSN 0033-2879. 62(1), s. 208–217. doi: 10.5334/pb.1134.
• Kusztrits, Isabella; Toh, Wei Lin; Thomas, Neil; Larøi, Frank; Meyers, Denny & Hirnstein, Marco [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). From core schemas about the self and others to voice phenomenology: Anxiety and depression affect voice hearers differently. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice. ISSN 1476-0835. 95(2), s. 493–507. doi: 10.1111/papt.12384.
• Laloyaux, Julien; Hirnstein, Marco ; Specht, Karsten; Giersch, Anne & Larøi, Frank (2022). Eliciting false auditory perceptions using speech frequencies and semantic priming: a signal detection approach. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry. ISSN 1354-6805. 27(4), s. 255–272. doi: 10.1080/13546805.2022.2031945. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Mohn-Haugen, Caroline Ranem; Mohn, Christine; Larøi, Frank; Teigset, Charlotte; Øie, Merete Glenne & Rund, Bjørn Rishovd (2022). A systematic review of premorbid cognitive functioning and its timing of onset in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Schizophrenia Research: Cognition. ISSN 2215-0013. 28, s. 1–14. doi: 10.1016/j.scog.2022.100246. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Chinchani, Abhijit M.; Menon, Mahesh; Roes, Meighen; Hwang, Heungsun; Allen, Paul & Bell, Vaughan [Vis alle 21 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Item-specific overlap between hallucinatory experiences and cognition in the general population: A three-step multivariate analysis of international multi-site data. Cortex. ISSN 0010-9452. 145, s. 131–144. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.08.014. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Wehling, Eike Ines; Bless, Josef J; Hirnstein, Marco; Kråkvik, Bodil; Vedul-Kjelsås, Einar & Hugdahl, Kenneth [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Olfactory hallucinations in a population-based sample. Psychiatry Research. ISSN 0165-1781. 304. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114117. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Olfactory hallucinations referring to olfactory perceptions in the absence of chemical stimuli, occur in non- clinical and clinical populations. Few studies have investigated their prevalence in the general population and little is known about factors triggering and maintaining them such as substance use, severe life events, and mood. We analyzed self-report data from 2500 community dwelling Norwegians, aged 18-96 years, for occurrence of olfactory hallucinations and co-occurring hallucinations in other modalities (auditory, visual, tactile). Analyses included age, sex, self-reported symptoms of depression and anxiety, mental health status, and experience of severe life-events. The results show that 4.2% (95% CI 3.5-5.1%) reported having experienced olfactory hallu-cinations, and 56% of individuals experiencing olfactory hallucinations also reported these in combination with hallucinations in other modalities. Prevalence varied significantly in terms of age and sex, in that olfactory hallucinations were most frequently reported by young individuals and females. Self-reported symptoms of anxiety and experience of stressful life events were significantly associated with olfactory hallucinations, sug-gesting that experiencing olfactory hallucinations may negatively affect functioning and may increase the likelihood of developing psychopathology. Findings underline the need to continue to examine olfactory hal-lucinations albeit with a more comprehensive assessment in order to increase knowledge on this experience.

• Della Libera, Clara; Quertemont, Etienne; Laloyaux, Julien; Thonon, Bénédicte & Larøi, Frank (2021). Using 360° immersive videos to assess paranoia in a non-clinical population. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry. ISSN 1354-6805. doi: 10.1080/13546805.2021.1956885.
• Knappik, Franz Ulrich; Bless, Josef J & Larøi, Frank (2021). Confusions about ‘Inner’ and ‘Outer’ Voices: Conceptual Problems in the Study of Auditory Verbal Hallucinations. Review of Philosophy and Psychology. ISSN 1878-5158. doi: 10.1007/s13164-021-00532-x.
• Noël, Tania; Larøi, Frank & Burnay, Jonathan (2021). The Impact of Sexualized Video Game Content and Cognitive Load on State Rape Myth Acceptance. Frontiers in Psychology. ISSN 1664-1078. 12. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.614502. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• El Haj, Mohamad; Larøi, Frank & Gallouj, Karim (2021). Hallucinations and Covid-19: Increased Occurrence of Hallucinations in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease During Lockdown. Psychiatric quarterly. ISSN 0033-2720. s. 1–9. doi: 10.1007/s11126-021-09927-6.
• Moseley, Peter; Aleman, André; Allen, Paul; Bell, Vaughan; Bless, Josef Johann & Bortolon, Catherine [Vis alle 20 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Correlates of hallucinatory experiences in the general population: An international multisite replication study. Psychological Science. ISSN 0956-7976. doi: 10.1177/0956797620985832.
• Bless, Josef J; Hugdahl, Kenneth Jan; Kråkvik, Bodil; Vedul-Kjelsås, Einar; Kalhovde, Anne Martha & Grønli, Janne [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). In the twilight zone: An epidemiological study of sleep-related hallucinations. Comprehensive Psychiatry. ISSN 0010-440X. 108:152247, s. 1–6. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2021.152247. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Few studies have investigated hallucinations that occur at the onset/offset of sleep (called hypnagogic/hypnopompic hallucinations; HHHs), despite the fact that their prevalence in the general population is reported to be higher than the prevalence of daytime hallucinations. We utilized data from an epidemiological study to explore the prevalence of HHHs in various modalities. We also investigated phenomenological differences between sleep-related (HHHs) and daytime hallucinations in the auditory modality. We hypothesized that individuals with only HHHs would not differ from controls on a range of mental health and wellbeing measures, but that if they occur together with daytime hallucinations will pose a greater burden on the individual experiencing them. We also hypothesize that HHHs are qualitatively different (i.e. less severe) from daytime hallucinations. Methods This study utilized data from a cross-sectional epidemiological study on the prevalence of hallucinations in the Norwegian general population. The sample (n = 2533) was divided into a control group without hallucinations (n = 2303), a group only experiencing sleep-related hallucinations (n = 62), a group only experiencing daytime hallucinations (n = 57), and a group experiencing both sleep-related as well as daytime hallucinations (n = 111). Prevalence rates were calculated and groups were compared using analyses of variance and chi-square tests where applicable. Results The prevalence for HHHs in the auditory domain was found to be 6.8%, whereas 12.3% reported multimodal HHHs, and 32.2% indicated out-of-body experiences at the onset/offset of sleep. Group comparisons of hallucinations in the auditory modality showed that individuals that experienced only auditory HHHs scored significantly (p < 0.05) lower than those who also experienced daytime auditory hallucinations on a range of variables including mental health, anxiety, childhood happiness, and wellbeing. In addition, individuals with only auditory HHHs reported significantly (p < 0.05) less frequent hallucinations, less disturbing hallucinations, more neutral (in terms of content) hallucinations, hallucinations with less influence over their behavior, and less hallucination-related interference with social life compared to those individuals that experience daytime hallucinations. We also found that purely auditory HHHs had a significantly higher age of first onset of hallucinations than the purely daytime and the combined daytime and auditory HHHs groups (28.2 years>20.9 > 19.1). Conclusions Sleep-related hallucinations are common experiences in the general population, with the auditory modality being the least common. They occur mostly in combination with daytime hallucinations. However, some individuals (2.4%) experience only (auditory) sleep-related hallucinations and this group can be seen as more closely related, on a range of health-related factors, to non-hallucinating individuals than individuals who experience daytime hallucinations. Finally, there is a clear need for more research in this field, and ideas for future studies are presented.

• Montagnese, Marcella; Leptourgos, Pantelis; Fernyhough, Charles; Waters, Flavie; Larøi, Frank & Jardri, Renaud [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). A review of multimodal hallucinations: categorization, assessment, theoretical perspectives, and clinical tecommendations. Schizophrenia Bulletin. ISSN 0586-7614. 47(1), s. 237–248. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa101. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Thonon, Bénédicte; Contreras, Alba & Larøi, Frank (2021). Motivation in schizophrenia: preliminary findings of a theory-driven approach using time-series network analysis. Current Psychology. ISSN 1046-1310. s. 1–11. doi: 10.1007/s12144-020-01321-y.
• Haj, Mohamad El & Larøi, Frank (2020). Confabulations on time: Relationship between confabulations and timing deviations in Alzheimer's disease. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology. ISSN 0887-6177. 35(4), s. 377–384. doi: 10.1093/ARCLIN/ACAA001.
• Thonon, Bénédicte; Levaux, Marie-Noëlle; Della Libera, Clara & Larøi, Frank (2020). Switch, a new intervention that targets motivational negative symptoms in people with schizophrenia: An uncontrolled pilot study. Journal of Clinical Psychology. ISSN 0021-9762. 76(10), s. 1797–1806. doi: 10.1002/jclp.22963.
• Badcock, Johanna C.; Larøi, Frank; Kamp, Karina; Kelsall-Foreman, India; Bucks, Romola S. & Weinborn, Michael [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Hallucinations in older adults: A practical review. Schizophrenia Bulletin. ISSN 0586-7614. 46(6), s. 1382–1395. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa073. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  By 2050, it is estimated that 16% of people will be aged above 65 years, compared with 9% in 2019.1 Population aging is driving increased attention to the physical and mental health needs of older adults. Here, our focus is on hallucinations—given the wide range of health and aged-care service providers who encounter people with these experiences in their workplace. Hallucinations can be defined as “a perception-like experience with the clarity and impact of a true perception but without the external stimulation of the relevant sensory organ” 2 (cf. 3–5), though this belies the difficulty in discerning the boundaries between normal and abnormal perception.6 Hallucinations need to be distinguished from illusions, which are perceptual experiences in which an external stimulus is misperceived or misinterpreted.2 In practice, hallucinations vary in content (eg, perception of people, animals, or objects), character (eg, frequency, emotional valence, location), duration (from seconds to chronically present), complexity (eg, perception of simple stimuli vs organized scenes or objects), and quality (eg, perceived reality, intrusiveness) and occur in all sensory modalities. The terms used to refer to hallucinations are equally diverse

• Leptourgos, Pantelis; Fortier-Davy, Martin; Carhart-Harris, Robin; Corlett, Philip; Dupuis, David & Halberstadt, Adam L. [Vis alle 14 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Hallucinations under psychedelics and in the schizophrenia spectrum: An interdisciplinary and multiscale comparison. Schizophrenia Bulletin. ISSN 0586-7614. 46(6), s. 1396–1408. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa117. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Laloyaux, Julien Freddy; Collazzoni, Alberto; Hirnstein, Marco; Kusztrits, Isabella & Larøi, Frank (2020). Personal resilience factors protect against distressing auditory hallucinations: A study comparing psychotic patients with auditory hallucinations, non-patients with auditory hallucinations, and healthy controls. Psychiatry Research. ISSN 0165-1781. 290, s. 1–7. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113058.
• Kamp, Karina Stengaard; Steffen, Edith Maria; Alderson-Day, Ben; Allen, Paul; Austad, Anne & Hayes, Jacqueline [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Sensory and Quasi-Sensory Experiences of the Deceased in Bereavement: An Interdisciplinary and Integrative Review. Schizophrenia Bulletin. ISSN 0586-7614. s. 1–15. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa113. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Golay, Philippe; Laloyaux, Julien; Moga, Mihaela; Della Libera, Clara; Larøi, Frank & Bonsack, Charles (2020). Psychometric investigation of the French version of the Aberrant Salience Inventory (ASI): Differentiating patients with psychosis, patients with other psychiatric diagnoses and non-clinical participants. Annals of General Psychiatry. ISSN 1744-859X. 19:58, s. 1–10. doi: 10.1186/s12991-020-00308-0. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• El Haj, Mohamad; Badcock, Johanna C. & Larøi, Frank (2020). Hallucinations and source monitoring in Alzheimer’s disease. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry. ISSN 1354-6805. s. 1–13. doi: 10.1080/13546805.2020.1832457.
• Kusztrits, Isabella; Larøi, Frank; Laloyaux, Julien Freddy; Marquardt, Lynn Anne; Sinkeviciute, Igne & Kjelby, Eirik [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Mapping psychotic-like experiences: Results from an online survey. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. ISSN 0036-5564. s. 1–12. doi: 10.1111/sjop.12683.
• Clara, Della Libera; Larøi, Frank; Stéphane, Raffard; Etienne, Quertemont & Laloyaux, Julien Freddy (2020). Exploration of the paranoia hierarchy in the general population: evidence of an age effect mediated by maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry. ISSN 1354-6805. 25(5), s. 387–403. doi: 10.1080/13546805.2020.1824868.
• El Haj, Mohamad & Larøi, Frank (2020). Olfactory hallucinations in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropsychiatrica. ISSN 0924-2708. s. 1–6. doi: 10.1017/neu.2020.33.
• Thonon, Bénédicte; Van Aubel, Evelyne; Lafit, Ginette; Della Libera, Clara & Larøi, Frank (2020). Idiographic analyses of motivation and related processes in participants with schizophrenia following a therapeutic intervention for negative symptoms. BMC Psychiatry. ISSN 1471-244X. 20:464, s. 1–22. doi: 10.1186/s12888-020-02824-5. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Fosse, Roar & Larøi, Frank (2020). Quantifying auditory impressions in dreams in order to assess the relevance of dreaming as a model for psychosis. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 15(3). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230212. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bless, Josef J; Hjelmervik, Helene; Torsheim, Torbjørn; Gudmundsen, Magne; Larøi, Frank & Holma, Irina [Vis alle 14 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Temporal Signatures of Auditory Verbal Hallucinations: An App-Based Experience Sampling Study. Schizophrenia Research. ISSN 0920-9964. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.11.020. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• El Haj, Mohamad; Badcock, Johanna C.; Jardri, Renaud; Larøi, Frank; Roche, Jean & Sommer, Iris Else Clara [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). A look into hallucinations: the relationship between visual imagery and hallucinations in Alzheimer's disease. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry. ISSN 1354-6805. 24(4), s. 275–283. doi: 10.1080/13546805.2019.1632180. Vis sammendrag

  Introduction: We investigated the relationship between visual hallucinations and vividness of visual imagery in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Method: We recruited 28 patients with AD and 30 healthy control participants, matched for age and education. We evaluated proneness towards hallucinations with the Launay–Slade Hallucinations Scale, which includes items assessing visual and auditory hallucinations. We also evaluated vividness of visual imagery with the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire on which participants had to imagine four images (i.e., imagining the face of a friend, the rising sun, a familiar shop-front, and a country scene) and report the vividness of the images they generated. Results: Analysis demonstrated significant positive correlations between visual hallucinations and vividness of visual imagery in AD patients, however, no significant correlations were observed between auditory hallucinations and vividness of visual imagery in these participants. No significant correlations were observed between hallucinations and vividness of visual imagery in healthy control participants, probably due to the lack of hallucinations in these participants. Discussion: These results demonstrate a selective relationship between the occurrence of visual (but not auditory) hallucinations and the ability to generate vivid visual images in AD.

• Laloyaux, Julien Freddy; De Keyser, Freya; Pinchard, Antoine; Della Libera, Clara & Larøi, Frank (2019). Testing a model of auditory hallucinations: the role of negative emotions and cognitive resources. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry. ISSN 1354-6805. 24(4), s. 256–274. doi: 10.1080/13546805.2019.1629895.
• Moritz, Steffen; Klein, Jan Philipp; Berger, Thomas; Larøi, Frank & Meyer, Björn (2019). The voice of depression: Prevalence and stability across time of perception-laden intrusive thoughts in depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research. ISSN 0147-5916. s. 1–9. doi: 10.1007/s10608-019-10030-1. Vis sammendrag

  Intrusive depressive thoughts are typically defined in terms of their content, frequency, and pervasiveness. The extent to which they carry sensory properties is largely unexplored. In a pilot study, 56.5% of individuals with mild to moderate depressive symptoms experienced depressive thoughts with sensory features. The present study explored the prevalence of sensory thoughts in patients with severe depression and examined the stability of the sensory phenomena across time. A total of 163 participants with severe depression completed an online assessment at baseline and 3 months later. Diagnostic status was established at baseline over the telephone. The primary outcome was the Sensory Properties of Depressive Thoughts Questionnaire (SPD). The frequency of sensory properties of negative thoughts was similar (60.7% reported at least one sensory irritation; thus, 39.3% of the sample reported not a single, even mild sensory irritation) to the pilot study. The highest prevalence was observed for bodily sensations (41.1%; pilot: 39.6%) followed by auditory (37.4%; pilot: 30.6%) and visual (31.3%; pilot: 27.2%) perceptions. Prevalence remained essentially unchanged over time, but test–retest reliability was weak to moderate (r = .56). Unlike in the pilot study, no association emerged with quality of life and suicidality. Yet, those reporting sensory phenomena were prescribed more medication, had a similar number of prior hospitalizations despite their younger age, were more frequently in psychotherapy (statistical trend), and had more pain symptoms, which tentatively suggests a more complicated course of illness. Replication in independent samples is needed. Our findings support the notion that depressive thoughts are not “silent” but are commonly accompanied by sensory experiences. Keywords Depression Hallucinations Intrusions Sensory irritations

• Connell, Melissa; Scott, James G; McGrath, John J; Waters, Flavie; Larøi, Frank & Alati, Rosa [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). A comparison of hallucinatory experiences and their appraisals in those with and without mental illness. Psychiatry Research. ISSN 0165-1781. 274, s. 294–300. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.01.079.
• Siddi, Sara; Ochoa, Susana; Larøi, Frank; Cella, Matteo; Raballo, Andrea & Saldivia, Sandra [Vis alle 20 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). A cross-national investigation of hallucination-like experiences in 10 countries: The E-CLECTIC Study. Schizophrenia Bulletin. ISSN 0586-7614. 45, s. S43–S55. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sby156. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Abstract Hallucination-like experiences (HLEs) are typically defined as sensory perceptions in the absence of external stimuli. Multidimensional tools, able to assess different facets of HLEs, are helpful for a better characterization of hallucination proneness and to investigate the cross-national variation in the frequencies of HLEs. The current study set out to establish the validity, factor structure, and measurement invariance of the Launay-Slade Hallucinations Scale-Extended (LSHS-E), a tool to assess HLEs. A total of 4419 respondents from 10 countries were enrolled. Network analyses between the LSHS-E and the 3 dimensions of the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE) were performed to assess convergent and divergent validity of the LSHS-E. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test its measurement invariance. The best fit was a 4-factor model, which proved invariant by country and clinical status, indicating cross-national stability of the hallucination-proneness construct. Among the different components of hallucination-proneness, auditory-visual HLEs had the strongest association with the positive dimension of the CAPE, compared with the depression and negative dimensions. Participants who reported a diagnosis of a mental disorder scored higher on the 4 LSHS-E factors. Small effect size differences by country were found in the scores of the 4 LSHS-E factors even after taking into account the role of socio-demographic and clinical variables. Due to its good psychometric properties, the LSHS-E is a strong candidate tool for large investigations of HLEs. Keywords: hallucination proneness, cross-national, measurement invariance Issue Section: supplement articles

• Larøi, Frank; Bless, Josef J; Laloyaux, Julien Freddy; Kråkvik, Bodil; Vedul-Kjelsås, Einar & Kalhovde, Anne Martha [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). An epidemiological study on the prevalence of hallucinations in a general-population sample: Effects of age and sensory modality. Psychiatry Research. ISSN 0165-1781. 272, s. 707–714. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.01.003. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Epidemiological studies have repeatedly shown that a significant minority of the general population have experienced hallucinations, however, a potential effect of age on the prevalence of hallucinations in the general population has never been previously examined in a specific study. The aim of the present study was thus to examine the effects of age and sensory modality on hallucination prevalence in a general population sample. A large, randomly selected and representative sample of the Norwegian population completed measures assessing different hallucination modalities (auditory, visual, olfactory, and tactile) and types (sensed presence and hypnagogic/hypnopompic hallucinations). Three age groups were identified and compared: young (19–30 years), middle (31–60) and old (61–96). There was a significant main-effect of age for all hallucination modalities and types, whereby hallucination prevalence significantly decreased with age. We also found that anxiety partially mediated the effect of age on hallucinations whilst depression was a partial suppressor. Concerning the co-occurrence of hallucination modalities, there was very little co-occurrence of auditory and visual hallucinations in all three age groups. In summary, a main-effect of age for hallucination prevalence was observed. Furthermore, individuals reported a more diverse variety of hallucination modalities compared to what is commonly reported in clinical populations.

• Burnay, Jonathan; Bushman, Brad J & Larøi, Frank (2019). Effects of sexualized video games on online sexual harassment. Aggressive Behavior. ISSN 0096-140X. 45(2), s. 214–223. doi: 10.1002/ab.21811.
• Larøi, Frank; Thomas, Neil; Aleman, André; Fernyhough, Charles; Wilkinson, Sam & Deamer, Felicity [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). The ice in voices: Understanding negative content in auditory-verbal hallucinations. Clinical Psychology Review. ISSN 0272-7358. 67, s. 1–10. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2018.11.001. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Negative voice-content is the best sole predictor of whether the hearer of an auditory-verbal hallucination will experience distress/impairment necessitating contact with mental health services. Yet, what causes negative voice-content and how interventions may reduce it remains poorly understood. This paper offers definitions of negative voice content and considers what may cause negative voice-content. We propose a framework in which adverse life-events may underpin much negative voice-content, a relation which may be mediated by mechanisms including hypervigilance, reduced social rank, shame and self-blame, dissociation, and altered emotional processing. At a neurological level, we note how the involvement of the amygdala and right Broca's area could drive negative voice-content. We observe that negative interactions between hearers and their voices may further drive negative voice-content. Finally, we consider the role of culture in shaping negative voice-content. This framework is intended to deepen and extend cognitive models of voice-hearing and spur further development of psychological interventions for those distressed by such voices. We note that much of the relevant research in this area remains to be performed or replicated. We conclude that more attention needs to be paid to methods for reducing negative voice-content, and urge further research in this important area.

• Luhrmann, Tanya Marie; Alderson-Day, Ben; Bell, Vaughan; Bless, Josef J; Corlett, Philip & Hugdahl, Kenneth [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Beyond trauma: A multiple pathways approach to auditory hallucinations in clinical and nonclinical populations. Schizophrenia Bulletin. ISSN 0586-7614. 45, s. S24–S31. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sby110. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  That trauma can play a significant role in the onset and maintenance of voice-hearing is one of the most striking and important developments in the recent study of psychosis. Yet the finding that trauma increases the risk for hallucination and for psychosis is quite different from the claim that trauma is necessary for either to occur. Trauma is often but not always associated with voice-hearing in populations with psychosis; voice-hearing is sometimes associated with willful training and cultivation in nonclinical populations. This article uses ethnographic data among other data to explore the possibility of multiple pathways to voice-hearing for clinical and nonclinical individuals whose voices are not due to known etiological factors such as drugs, sensory deprivation, epilepsy, and so forth. We suggest that trauma sometimes plays a major role in hallucinations, sometimes a minor role, and sometimes no role at all. Our work also finds seemingly distinct phenomenological patterns for voice-hearing, which may reflect the different salience of trauma for those who hear voices.

• Thomas, Neil; Bless, Josef J; Alderson-Day, Ben; Bell, Imogen H.; Cella, Matteo & Craig, Tom [Vis alle 15 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Potential applications of digital technology in assessment, treatment, and self-help for hallucinations. Schizophrenia Bulletin. ISSN 0586-7614. 45, s. S24–S31. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sby103. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The field of digital mental health is rapidly expanding with digital tools being used in assessment, intervention, and supporting self-help. The application of digital mental health to hallucinations is, however, at a very early stage. This report from a working group of the International Consortium on Hallucinations Research considers particular synergies between the phenomenon of hallucinations and digital tools that are being developed. Highlighted uses include monitoring and managing intermittently occurring hallucinations in daily life; therapeutic applications of audio and video media including virtual and augmented reality; targeting verbal aspects of hallucinations; and using avatars to represent hallucinatory voices. Although there is a well-established Internet-based peer support network, digital resources for hallucinations have yet to be implemented in routine practice. Implementation may benefit from identifying how to market resources to the broad range of populations who experience hallucinations and identifying sustainable funding models. It is envisaged that digital tools will contribute to improved self-management and service provision for people experiencing hallucinations. Keywords: digital mental health, mHealth, Internet, smartphones, hearing voices, schizophrenia

• Pallesen, Ståle; Olsen, Olav Kjellevold; Eide, Elisabeth Mong; Nortvedt, Benedicte; Grønli, Janne & Larøi, Frank [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Sleep deprivation and hallucinations. A qualitative study of military personnel. Military Psychology. ISSN 0899-5605. 30(5), s. 430–436. doi: 10.1080/08995605.2018.1478561.
• Noel, Myriam; Larøi, Frank; Gallouj, Karim & El Haj, Mohamad (2018). Relationships between confabulations and mental time travel in Alzheimer's disease. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. ISSN 0895-0172. 30(4), s. 302–309. doi: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.17110266.
• Laloyaux, Julien Freddy; Larøi, Frank; Nuyens, Filip & Billileux, Joël (2018). Subtyping attenuated psychotic symptoms: A cluster analytic approach. Journal of Clinical Psychology. ISSN 0021-9762. 74(12), s. 2117–2133. doi: 10.1002/jclp.22658.
• Fonseca-Pedrero, Eduardo; Ortuño, Javier; Debbané, Martin ; Chan, Raymond C.K.; Cicero, David & Zhang, Lisa C. [Vis alle 33 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). The network structure of schizotypal personality traits. Schizophrenia Bulletin. ISSN 0586-7614. 44(2), s. S468–S479. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sby044.
• Laloyaux, Julien Freddy; Della Libera, Clara & Larøi, Frank (2018). Source flexibility in schizophrenia: specificity and role in auditory hallucinations. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry. ISSN 1354-6805. s. 1–16. doi: 10.1080/13546805.2018.1530648.
• Rinaldi, Romina; Lefebvre, Laurent; Blekic, Wivine; Larøi, Frank & Laloyaux, Julien Freddy (2018). Attribution of intentions and context processing in psychometric schizotypy. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry. ISSN 1354-6805. 23(6), s. 364–376. doi: 10.1080/13546805.2018.1528972.
• Siddi, Sara; Ochoa, Susana; Farreny, Aida; Brébion, Gildas; Larøi, Frank & Cuevas-Esteban, Jorge [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Measurement invariance of the Spanish Launay-Slade Hallucinations Scale-Extended version between putatively healthy controls and people diagnosed with a mental disorder. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research. ISSN 1049-8931. s. 1–14. doi: 10.1002/mpr.1741.
• Hirnstein, Marco ; Larøi, Frank & Laloyaux, Julien Freddy (2018). No sex difference in an everyday multitasking paradigm. Psychological Research. ISSN 0340-0727. s. 1–11. doi: 10.1007/s00426-018-1045-0. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Laloyaux, Julien Freddy; Van der Linden, Martial; Nuechterlein, Keith H.; Thonon, Bénédicte & Larøi, Frank (2018). A direct examination of the cognitive underpinnings of multitasking abilities: A first study examining schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research. ISSN 0165-1781. 268, s. 288–296. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.06.060.
• El Haj, Mohamad; Gallouj, Karim; Dehon, Hedwige; Roche, Jean & Larøi, Frank (2018). Hallucinations in Alzheimer's disease: failure to suppress irrelevant memories. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry. ISSN 1354-6805. 23(3), s. 142–153. doi: 10.1080/13546805.2018.1443062.
• Fonseca-Pedrero, Eduardo; Chan, Raymond C.K.; Debbané, Martin ; Cicero, David; Zhang, Lisa C. & Brenner, Colleen [Vis alle 30 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Comparisons of schizotypal traits across 12 countries: Results from the International Consortium for Schizotypy Research. Schizophrenia Research. ISSN 0920-9964. In Press, Corrected Proof, s. 1–7. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.03.021.
• Fonseca-Pedrero, Eduardo; Debbané, Martin ; Ortuño-Sierra, Javier; Chan, Raymond Chor Kiu; Cicero, David Colin & Zhang, Lisa C. [Vis alle 29 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). The structure of schizotypal personality traits: A cross-national study. Psychological Medicine. ISSN 0033-2917. 48(3), s. 451–462. doi: 10.1017/S0033291717001829.
• Fonseca-Pedrero, Eduardo; Ortuno-Sierra, Javier; Lucas-Molina, Beatriz; Debbané, Martin ; Chan, Raymond C.K. & Cicero, David C. [Vis alle 34 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Brief assessment of schizotypal traits: A multinational study. Schizophrenia Research. ISSN 0920-9964. 197, s. 182–191. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.10.043.
• Bless, Josef J; Larøi, Frank; Laloyaux, Julien Freddy; Kompus, Kristiina; Kråkvik, Bodil & Vedul-Kjelsås, Einar [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Do adverse life events at first onset of auditory verbal hallucinations influence subsequent voice characteristics? Results from an epidemiological study. Psychiatry Research. ISSN 0165-1781. 261, s. 232–236. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.12.060.
• Thonon, Bénédicte & Larøi, Frank (2017). What predicts stigmatisation about schizophrenia? Results from a general population survey examining its underlying cognitive, affective and behavioural factors. Psychosis. ISSN 1752-2439. 9(2), s. 99–109. doi: 10.1080/17522439.2016.1229361.
• Collazzoni, Alberto; Laloyaux, Julien Freddy & Larøi, Frank (2017). Examination of humiliation and past maladaptive family context in persecutory ideation: An exploratory study. Comprehensive Psychiatry. ISSN 0010-440X. 78, s. 19–24. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.06.015. Vis sammendrag

  Introduction Previous studies have demonstrated that early interpersonal trauma is involved in the development of persecutory ideation. However, the specific influence of past and current social and familial variables has never been previously explored. Thus, the aim of the present study was to examine the potential role of current and past interpersonal humiliation events (e.g. to be cruelly criticized, submitted, bullied, insulted, scorned) and a negative family context on the development of persecutory ideation. Methods Current and past interpersonal humiliation events (Humiliation Inventory), a negative family context (Risky Family Questionnaire) and degree of persecutory ideation (Peters et al. Delusions Inventory) were assessed in a sample of 175 non-clinical participants (range = 18–62 years, 81% women and 19% men) with the help of an online survey. Results A pattern of significant correlations emerged, in particular, between persecutory ideation, the past and present interpersonal humiliation, and negative primary family context. Moreover, hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that, among the various variables, past interpersonal humiliation events and a negative family context significantly predicted higher levels of persecutory ideation. Conclusions For the first time in the literature, this study provides preliminary evidence that past interpersonal humiliation events and a negative family context are related to the development of persecutory ideation. In addition, we showed that past interpersonal humiliation events, but not the fear of current events, have an impact on the development of persecutory ideation. These results suggest that the amelioration of early familial and social contexts may help to prevent the development of persecutory ideation.

• Badcock, Johanna C.; Dehon, Hedwige & Larøi, Frank (2017). Hallucinations in healthy older adults: An overview of the literature and perspectives for future research. Frontiers in Psychology. ISSN 1664-1078. 8:1134, s. 1–14. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01134. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• El Haj, Mohamad & Larøi, Frank (2017). Provoked and spontaneous confabulations in Alzheimer's disease: An examination of their prevalence and relation with general cognitive and executive functioning. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. ISSN 1323-1316. 71(1), s. 61–69. doi: 10.1111/pcn.12468.
• Laloyaux, Julien; Dessart, Gregory; Van der Linden, Martial; Lemaire, Morgan & Larøi, Frank (2016). Maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and stress sensitivity mediate the relation between adverse life events and attenuated positive psychotic symptoms. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry. ISSN 1354-6805. 21(2), s. 116–129. doi: 10.1080/13546805.2015.1137213.
• El Haj, Mohamad; Jardri, Renaud; Larøi, Frank & Antoine, Pascal (2016). Hallucinations, loneliness, and social isolation in Alzheimer's disease. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry. ISSN 1354-6805. 21(1), s. 1–13. doi: 10.1080/13546805.2015.1121139.
• Handest, Peter; Klimpke, Christoph; Raballo, Andrea & Larøi, Frank (2016). From Thoughts to Voices: Understanding the Development of Auditory Hallucinations in Schizophrenia. Review of Philosophy and Psychology. ISSN 1878-5158. 7(3), s. 595–610. doi: 10.1007/s13164-015-0286-8.
• Iasevoli, Felice; Larøi, Frank; Buonaguro, Elisabetta Filomena; Gebhardt, Eva & Raballo, Andrea (2015). Can the "connectomic way" provide a link between molecular neurobiology and phenomenological psychopathology? the case of schizophrenia. Journal of Psychopathology. ISSN 2284-0249. 21(4), s. 323–331.
• Kråkvik, Bodil; Larøi, Frank; Kalhovde, Anne Martha; Hugdahl, Kenneth; Kompus, Kristiina & Salvesen, Øyvind [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2015). Prevalence of auditory verbal hallucinations in a general population: A group comparison study. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. ISSN 0036-5564. 56(5), s. 508–515. doi: 10.1111/sjop.12236. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The present study was specifically designed to investigate the prevalence of auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) in the general population, and sought to compare similarities and differences regarding socio-demographics, mental health and severe life events between individuals who have never experienced AVH with those who had. The study also aimed to compare those who sought professional help for their experience of AVH with those who had not sought help. Through a postal questionnaire, 2,533 participants ages 18 and over from a national survey completed the Launay-Slade Hallucinations Scale and other measures examining AVH characteristics and other areas related to AVH. In total, 7.3% of the sample reported a life-time prevalence of AVH. Those with AVH were more likely to be single and unemployed, reported higher levels of depression and anxiety, and experienced a higher number of severe life events compared with those without AVH. Only 16% of those who experienced AVH in the general population sought professional help for these experiences. Compared to those who did not seek professional help, participants that had were more likely to experience AVH with a negative content, experience them on a daily basis, undergo negative reactions when experiencing AVH, and resist AVH. In conclusion, the prevalence of AVH was found to be relatively high. The results also revealed higher levels of reduced mental health for individuals who sought professional help, followed by those who did not, compared with those who had never experienced AVH.

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• Knappik, Franz Ulrich; Bless, Josef J & Larøi, Frank (2021). Correction to: Confusions about ‘Inner’ and ‘Outer’ Voices: Conceptual Problems in the Study of Auditory Verbal Hallucinations (Review of Philosophy and Psychology, (2021), 10.1007/s13164-021-00532-x). Review of Philosophy and Psychology. ISSN 1878-5158. doi: 10.1007/s13164-021-00536-7.
• Laloyaux, Julien; Bless, Josef J; Hugdahl, Kenneth; Kråkvik, Bodil; Vedul-Kjelsås, Einar & Kalhovde, Anne Martha [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Multimodal hallucinations are associated with poor mental health and negatively impact auditory hallucinations in the general population: Results from an epidemiological study. Schizophrenia Research. ISSN 0920-9964. 210, s. 319–322. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.06.005.
• Jardri, Renaud; Larøi, Frank; Waters, Flavie; Woodward, Todd; Aleman, André & Allen, Paul [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Hallucination Research: Into the Future, and beyond. Schizophrenia Bulletin. ISSN 0586-7614. 45, s. S1–S4. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sby170.
• Sundet, Kjetil Søren; Grüner, Renate; Larøi, Frank & Rönnberg, Jerker (2018). Brain, mind and behavior: a tribute to Kenneth Hugdahl. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. ISSN 0036-5564. 59(1), s. 1–2. doi: 10.1111/SJOP.12423.
• Riccardi, Mattia & Larøi, Frank (2016). Editorial introduction. Journal of Consciousness Studies. ISSN 1355-8250. 23(7-8), s. 9–22.

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