Academic interests
- Developmental psychology and youth
- Research on self-harm and suicide problems
- Dynamic psychotherapy and psychoanalysis
- Theoretical research and case studies
Courses taught
- PSYC 2210 Utviklingspsykologi 2
- PSYC 3300 Psykopatology
- PSYC 4302 Psychological treatment for adults
- PSYC 3501 Helsefremmende og forebyggende arbeid
- PSYC 4315 Utredning psykiske forstyrrelser hos voksne, relasjonskompetanse og praksis
- PSYC 5315 Condition images, investigation and treatment of children and adolescents
- PSYC 5410 Hovedpraksis og etikk
- PSYC 6518 Ungdomstid - terapeutiske utfordringer og muligheter
- PSYC 6100 Main Thesis
Publications
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Davidsen, Linda; Diseth, Trond Haaken; Jessen, Reidar Schei; Mediå, Line Merete; Nyquist, Cecilie Bjertness & Stenberg, Nina
[Show all 9 contributors for this article]
(2026).
“It’s Like a Chain Reaction of Discomfort”: A Phenomenological Qualitative Study on the Intersection of Autism and Gender Incongruence in Adolescents.
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders.
ISSN 0162-3257.
doi:
10.1007/s10803-026-07486-y.
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Purpose
An overrepresentation of autism spectrum diagnoses (ASD) and autistic traits have been reported among people with gender incongruence. Several quantitative and qualitative studies have highlighted the intersection of autism and gender incongruence (GI). However, we have little knowledge on lived experiences of adolescents experiencing ASD and GI. The study aimed to shed light on lived experience of gender incongruence from the perspective of autistic adolescents. The analysis was guided by the following research question: How do adolescents with ASD and GI experience their bodies and gender in everyday life, and how do they make meaning of the intersection of autism and GI in everyday living?
Methods
This study is based on semi-structured interview guide alongside life-mode interviews of adolescents experiencing both ASD and GI. We adopted reflexive thematic analysis with phenomenology as the theoretical backdrop.
Results
The analysis concluded with three overarching meta-themes; “The emergence of the mismatch of gender identity and body in autistic adolescents”, “The hard work of everyday routines – working all day and all night”, and “Experiences of Bodily Estrangement - A Chain Reaction of Discomfort”.
Conclusion
The findings contribute to the existing literature by emphasising how sensory sensitivities and gender identity distress intensify each other and how the transition from child to adolescence, and the body, is perceived. Results indicate tailored clinical implications for adolescents experiencing ASD and GI. Clinicians should consider multidisciplinary collaboration, individualised and flexible interventions that address both sensory regulation and gender-related support to improve quality of care for adolescents with ASD and GI.
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Jensen, Tine; Stänicke, Line Indrevoll; Stoilova, Mariya; Jessen, Reidar Schei; Graham, Richard & Staksrud, Elisabeth
[Show all 7 contributors for this article]
(2026).
There is no Point in Telling: Disclosing Negative Online Experiences Among Youth with Mental Health Challenges.
Journal of Child and Adolescent Trauma.
ISSN 1936-1521.
doi:
10.1007/s40653-026-00945-9.
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Online victimization has been linked to mental health problems. Youth often do not disclose these experiences, and little is known about disclosure barriers, particularly among youth with mental health challenges. This study aimed to fill this gap by identifying barriers to and facilitators of disclosure for this vulnerable group. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 45 young people aged 13–22 from the UK and Norway who had mental health challenges and experiences with cyberbullying, sexual abuse online, and/or exposure to harmful content online. We asked the youth open-ended questions about digital activity and negative online experiences, whether they had disclosed such experiences, and what helped or stopped them from disclosing. The responses were analyzed using Reflective Thematic Analysis. Previous negative life experiences leading to lack of trust, being afraid of the consequences, and avoiding difficult feelings were described as barriers while disclosure was facilitated when they were asked directly about their online activities. Given the growing evidence for the association between mental health challenges and risky digital activities, more knowledge on disclosure barriers is needed. Since young people find it difficult to initiate conversations regarding events that they feel shameful for and fear negative consequences of disclosure, adults must actively inquire into online activities in a supportive and non-judgmental manner. Youth with mental health challenges may have had negative experiences in the past that caused them to lose trust. As a result, it is important to rebuild their trust. Disclosure is encouraged by asking direct questions about online activity.
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Walle, Mathea Fretheim; Ulstein, Knut Asbjørn; Hummelen, Benjamin & Stänicke, Line Indrevoll
(2026).
We2U–Hybrid Mentalization-Based Group Therapy for Adolescents.
Journal of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychotherapy (JICAP).
ISSN 1528-9168.
25(3),
p. 375–393.
doi:
10.1080/15289168.2026.2680900.
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Access to specialized treatment programs for adolescents with personality problems is limited in rural areas. A hybrid mentalization-based group therapy called We2U was developed for adolescents with borderline personality disorder (BPD), combining a three-day weekend with weekly online group therapy sessions for 16 weeks and a closing one-day gathering. This pilot study aimed at exploring how adolescents experienced being part of We2U, focusing on how they experienced the therapeutic process. Five young women (15–18 years) with BPD/sub-threshold BPD participated in semi-structured personal interviews and four participated in a focus group. The interviews were analyzed with reflexive thematic analysis. The analysis resulted in three main themes: (1) “Overcoming primary obstacles – To be supported in hybrid group therapy” (2), “Finding togetherness – To become emotionally involved in the online group process,” and (3) “Exploring relational challenges – To dare facing the outside world.” Although the participants experienced the weekend as challenging, it appears to have potential to establish a bond with the other group members, facilitated by flexibility in the therapeutic structures. This bond, in turn, seemed to increase motivation to continue the treatment and enhance their willingness to explore relationships and resolve conflicts in subsequent online therapy.
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Stänicke, Erik; Hovet, Bendik Sparre & Stänicke, Line Indrevoll
(2026).
Freud’s Model of the Mind Within a Predictive Processing Neuroscientific Paradigm.
Entropy.
28(3).
doi:
10.3390/e28030318.
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The recent paradigm shift within cognitive neuroscience toward predictive processing appears to align with many psychoanalytic conceptualizations of the mind. In this article, we argue that several psychoanalytic concepts, such as projection, transference, wish-fulfillment, and perceptual identity, are particularly compatible with the current neuroscientific conception of the brain as a prediction machine. Specifically, we propose that the concept of projection as used in modern psychoanalysis to explore subjective experience and fantasies is closely analogous to the concept of prediction as it is used to explain the fundamental cognitive functions of the brain. We discuss the implications of this parallelism for understanding the role of homeostasis in psychoanalysis and cognitive neuroscience, and we also discuss the parallels between insight and surprise in these two fields of mental science. Limitations in drawing parallels between projection and prediction are also addressed. By integrating these two fields, we envision the possibility of tackling subjectivity scientifically.
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Stänicke, Line Indrevoll; Rymoen, Liselotte Carlsen; Omdal, Tora Sandra Ausland & Halvorsen, Margrethe Seeger
(2026).
Pro-Ana—Balancing a Digital Safe Space and Indirect Self-Harming. Findings From a Meta-Synthesis.
International Journal of Eating Disorders.
ISSN 0276-3478.
doi:
10.1002/eat.70067.
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Objective
Harmful consequences of having an eating disorder can be exacerbated by engagement in digital groups that promote eating disorder-related content, particularly related to anorexia nervosa, and are often called pro-Ana. This study aims to synthesize qualitative research regarding individuals' experiences of participating in these digital groups to elucidate the underlying personal drivers of the engagement and how it can affect eating problems.
Methods
A systematic database search for first-person experiences yielded 27 relevant studies. We used an ethnographic approach and a thematic analysis for the meta-synthesis.
Results
We identified three meta-themes across the studies: (1) “Pro-Ana feels like a safe space where I can be myself”, (2) “Pro-Ana is a dangerous path”, and (3) “Pro-Ana becomes a joint project for living with an eating disorder”.
Discussion
Participants' experiences in pro-Ana communities relate to concepts on offline stigmatization, fundamental needs for belonging, and the inherent ambivalence toward the online community—balancing the pursuit of emotional support with the risks of indirect digital self-harming. Helpers and clinicians are recommended to directly engage with clients regarding their digital activities and associated risks, including engagement in pro-Ana, with openness and respect to mitigate feelings of shame and guilt.
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Johansson, Klara; Cappelen, Fredrik; Rolfsjord, Cilje Sunde & Stänicke, Line Indrevoll
(2025).
Fra frykt til framtidstro: En kvalitativ studie om ungdoms erfaringer med mentaliseringsbasert terapi.
Tidsskrift for Norsk psykologforening (Psykologtidsskriftet).
ISSN 0332-6470.
62(9),
p. 532–540.
doi:
10.52734/MXMT1450.
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Bakgrunn: Mentaliseringsbasert terapi (MBT) er en psykoterapeutisk behandlingsmetode som kan tilbys individuelt, i gruppe, med familie eller i kombinasjon, og er utviklet for å behandle en rekke psykiske lidelser. MBT for ungdom (MBT-A) inkluderer individual-, foreldre- og/eller familiesamtaler, og har vist seg å redusere depressive symptomer, selvmordstanker, risikoatferd som selvskade og andre kriterier for personlighetsforstyrrelser. Denne studien utforsker ungdommers erfaringer med å delta i MBT-A og fremhever hva ungdommene opplevde som nyttig for endring i terapien.
Metode: Syv unge kvinner (16–21 år) med ulike psykiske lidelser som hadde deltatt i MBT-A i minst seks måneder, ble intervjuet i avslutningsfasen av terapien. Intervjuene ble analysert med refleksiv tematisk analyse.
Resultat: Tre hovedtemaer ble identifisert: 1) «En tålmodig terapeut som står ved min side», 2) «Terapirelasjonen som et springbrett til å …» og 3) «Jeg og andre blir tydeligere». Terapirommet fungerte som en arena for utvikling fra mistillit til tillit og fra taushet til åpenhet.
Konklusjon: Ungdommene fremhevet relasjonens betydning for endring, både til terapeuten, andre nære personer og seg selv, for å bedre håndtere sterke følelser.
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Stänicke, Line Indrevoll
(2025).
Adolescence in a digital age – developmental challenges, risk behavior, and potential space,
Narcissism: Psychoanalytic Clinicians and Researchers in Dialogue.
Routledge.
ISSN 9781032932989.
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Narcissism: Psychoanalytic Clinicians and Researchers in Dialogue presents current research and practice on working psychoanalytically with narcissism.
The contributors discuss a broad spectrum of approaches for understanding narcissism, from cultural-theoretical and social perspectives to clinical psychoanalytic observations and conceptual clarifications of terms, and new interdisciplinary and extra-clinical psychoanalytic research. Part I deals with the social danger posed by the close, unconscious link between pathological narcissism and extreme destructiveness. Part II is devoted to insights gained from years of psychoanalysis and long-term psychoanalytic treatment of patients with narcissistic pathology. Part III discusses how psychoanalysis tries to meet contemporary cultural challenges, and this book concludes with three chapters devoted to the important issue of narcissism in adolescence and young adulthood.
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Fjeldheim, Heidi; Moe, Vibeke; Norheim, Helen Mitsuko Suizu; Anke, Teija Maria Saarinen; Aalberg, Marianne & Stänicke, Line Indrevoll
(2025).
“When You Open the Door to the Past, Anything Can Happen”—A Qualitative Study of Retrieving “Angel Memories” with Pregnant Women Who Have Experienced Adverse Childhood Experiences.
Adversity and Resilience Science (ARS).
ISSN 2662-2424.
6(4),
p. 481–498.
doi:
10.1007/s42844-025-00174-3.
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Abstract Although the idea of giving attention both to benevolent and adverse childhood experiences during perinatal psychotherapy was launched about 20 years ago, the therapeutic work of integrating good and painful childhood memories remains understudied. This study explored experiences of retrieving “angel memories” through the Angels Interview conducted with 20 pregnant patients with adverse childhood experiences. A qualitative approach was chosen with the Angels Interview during pregnancy and a follow-up qualitative interview, retrospectively addressing the experience 4 months after birth. Data were analyzed using ideal-type analysis. Four ideal types were constructed: “Happy you reminded me of the good things (15%),” “It was a mixed experience, but it was worth it (45%),” “It didn’t add much nor cause stress, but it was interesting” (30%), and “It was meant to be positive, but it wasn’t!” (10%). Our findings indicate that the Angels Interview can be a useful door opener into therapeutic work of integrating good and painful childhood memories during pregnancy. However, there is a need for tailoring the Angels Interview to attend to alliance insecurities, such as trust issues in the therapeutic relationship, address “ghost memories” during and after the interview, carefully handle lack of “angel memories,” and retrieve more complex and mixed emotional memories involving primary caregivers. Tailoring suggestions include introducing the Angels Interview as a potentially mixed experience, interviewing in a step-by-step manner, offering helpful probing and validation, and systematic follow-up of “ghost” and “angel” memories surfacing after the Angels Interview. Clinical trial registration: NCT 04528589.
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Helle, Sofie Egidius; Wangsmo, Pernille Telstad; Stänicke, Line Indrevoll & Vrabel, Kari-Anne
(2025).
Longitudinal trajectories of eating disorder symptoms in mothers: the predictive role of PTSD and childhood trauma.
Frontiers in Psychology.
16.
doi:
10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1565102.
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Objective
A significant sub-group of patients with eating disorders (ED) are mothers. There is limited literature on this population, and little is known about their treatment trajectories and outcomes. The primary objectives of this study were to examine; (1) longitudinal changes in ED symptomatology among mothers who underwent a specialized sequential treatment, and (2) the extent to which post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and/or childhood trauma predicted treatment outcome.
Methods
A total of 61 patients with ED received a highly specialized, sequential inpatient Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) program for mothers delivered over 6 weeks in total, with one treatment week per month across a six-month period. ED symptoms were measured with Eating Disorder Examination-questionnaire (EDEQ) at admission, discharge, and 1-year follow-up. Data were analyzed with multi-level analysis, and we examined outcomes for both overall symptom reduction, as well as for the four clinical subscales that EDE is comprised of, e.g., “Weight concern,” Shape concern, Eating Concern, and Restriction.
Results
There was a significant reduction in ED symptoms from admission to discharge, which remained stable through the 1-year follow-up. PTSD and childhood trauma predicted the level of “Shape concern” negatively across the entire period. PTSD also predicted the level of “Weight concern” negatively over time.
Discussion
Specialized sequential treatment for mothers with ED shows potential role as a promising intervention. However, further research is needed to confirm its effectiveness. Additionally, this study enhances our understanding of the role of trauma in the treatment of ED.
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Johns, Unni Tanum; Landmark, Anders Flækøy & Stänicke, Line Indrevoll
(2025).
Lek og kreativitet i psykoterapi
med barn og ungdom.
Mellanrummet: Tidsskrift om barn- og ungdomspsykoterapi.
1.
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Jessen, Reidar Schei; Wæhre, Anne; David, Linda W.; Stänicke, Line Indrevoll & Stänicke, Erik
(2025).
“It was actually my family and friends who noticed that my voice changed”: An interview study on the experiences of transgender and non-binary youth and young adults three years into medical treatment.
International Journal of Transgenderism.
ISSN 2689-5269.
p. 1–15.
doi:
10.1080/26895269.2025.2478498.
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Walle, Mathea Fretheim; Langvik, Maria Härter; Jessen, Reidar Schei & Stänicke, Line Indrevoll
(2025).
Sharing, carrying, and tolerating the pain - A meta-synthesis of clinicians' experiences from working with adolescents who self-harm.
Psychotherapy Research.
ISSN 1050-3307.
p. 1–14.
doi:
10.1080/10503307.2025.2481604.
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Jessen, Reidar Schei; Wæhre, Anne; David, Linda W.; Stänicke, Line Indrevoll & Stänicke, Erik
(2025).
Finding Oneself in the Gazes of Others: An Exploration of Subjective Experiences of Gender Among Young Binary Transgender Men.
Studies in Gender and Sexuality.
ISSN 1524-0657.
26(1),
p. 52–69.
doi:
10.1080/15240657.2025.2453288.
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This study explores gender incongruence in young binary transgender men by engaging with historical and recent psychoanalytic theory on transgender identity. Four life-mode interviews were conducted with binary transgender youth assigned female at birth who had recently been referred to medical treatment for gender incongruence. Data were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). We developed three major themes: (1) relating to the past—challenging experiences of being ostracized and different from peers, which have been transformed after learning about transgenderism and gender-affirming care, (2) gazes on oneself—the participants’ sense of self emerges from the gazes on themselves from the outside that have been internalized as a male identity on the inside, and (3) gender incongruence—the participants are struggling to unify conflicting gazes on themselves from the outside with the gazes on themselves from the inside, which leads to an estranged relation to their bodies and feelings of shame. We suggest that gender incongruence in young binary transgender men arises when the gazes from the inside and the outside are not sufficiently reconciled. The clinical task is to help young transgender men with their negotiations of gender within their concrete everyday life experiences.
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Livingstone, Sonia; Jessen, Reidar Schei; Stoilova, Mariya; Stänicke, Line Indrevoll; Graham, Richard & Staksrud, Elisabeth
[Show all 7 contributors for this article]
(2025).
Can platform literacy protect vulnerable young people against the risky affordances of social media platforms?
Information, Communication & Society.
ISSN 1369-118X.
doi:
10.1080/1369118X.2025.2518254.
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A qualitative study of young people with mental health difficulties sought to understand their digital experiences and identify whether their digital literacy helps them cope with online problems. The findings reveal how young people’s encounters with extreme online risk are amplified by platforms’ promotion of trending and viral content and intensified through the personalisation of content that can ‘trigger’ individual vulnerabilities. We conceptualise these twin processes in terms of risky affordances and show how young people are becoming hypervigilant in their efforts to understand them and take anticipatory and remedial action. In the process, they gain platform literacy, a form of digital literacy that responds to the challenges posed by platform architecture and business models and encompasses data and algorithm literacies. Specifically, young people gained platform literacy by critically examining and comparing social media platforms for their risky features at the interface (on the screen), business operation, and user support (beyond the screen). There were indications that this learning was facilitated by peer discussion, shared experimentation and reflexive deliberation about how their digital experiences relate to their individual biographies. When efforts to manage these risky affordances failed, the young people tended to blame themselves. However, they expected society to support them through improved digital literacy education, clinical support and platform regulation and design. Such systemic changes are vital if vulnerable youth are not to be left responsible for coping with the effects of powerful digital platforms on their mental health.
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Aase, Rebekka Dahle; Vaboen, Nora Eikeland; Helseth, Hannah & Stänicke, Line Indrevoll
(2024).
Unge kvinners erfaringer med seksuell vold i intime relasjoner: en kvalitativ studie.
Tidsskrift for Norsk psykologforening (Psykologtidsskriftet).
ISSN 0332-6470.
61(3),
p. 160–169.
doi:
10.52734/KAHA9312.
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Stänicke, Line Indrevoll; Reiremo, Gry Katrin; Scheie, Sebastian Istad; Jessen, Reidar Schei & Jensen, Tine
(2024).
Navigating, being tricked, and blaming oneself—A meta-synthesis of youth's experience of involvement in online child sexual abuse.
Child & Family Social Work.
ISSN 1356-7500.
doi:
10.1111/cfs.13152.
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Olsen, Helene T.; Vangen, Sunniva B.; Stänicke, Line Indrevoll & Vrabel, KariAnne
(2024).
“I feel so small and big at the same time”—exploring body experience and binge eating disorder following inpatient treatment: a qualitative study.
Frontiers in Psychology.
15.
doi:
10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1432011.
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Stänicke, Line Indrevoll
(2024).
The self and self-harm – toward a more nuanced understanding of self-harm in adolescence.
In Gullestad, Siri Erika; Stänicke, Erik & Leuzinger-Bohleber, Marianne (Ed.),
Psychoanalytic studies of change - an integrative perspective.
Routledge.
ISSN 9781032651934.
p. 175–188.
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Langjord, Tuva; Pedersen, Geir Arild Feigum; Bovim, Tone Helene; Bremer, Kjetil; Christensen, Tore Buer & Hove, Oddbjørn
[Show all 20 contributors for this article]
(2024).
Evaluation of health services and treatment alliance among extensively hospitalized patients due to severe self-harm – results from the Extreme Challenges project.
Nordic Journal of Psychiatry.
ISSN 0803-9488.
78(7),
p. 591–602.
doi:
10.1080/08039488.2024.2376162.
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Background - Extensive psychiatric hospitalization due to repeated severe self-harm (SH), is a poorly researched area, but a challenge within health services (HS). Recent studies have demonstrated high levels of involuntary treatment among patients with severe personality disorder (PD) and complex comorbidity. Keeping focus on extensively hospitalized SH patients, this study aimed to investigate patients’ and clinicians’ evaluation of HS and treatment alliance. Method - A cross-sectional study with an inpatient sample (age >18 years) with frequent (>5) or long (>4 weeks) psychiatric hospital admissions last year due to SH or SA recruited from 12 hospitals across health regions (N = 42). Evaluation included patient and clinician report. Results - A minority of the patients (14%) were satisfied with HS before the current admission, 45% (patients) and 20% (clinicians) found the current admission helpful, and 46% (patients) and 14% (clinicians) worried about discharge. Treatment complaints were received in 38% of the cases. Outpatient mental HS were available after discharge for 68% and a majority of clinicians indicated satisfactory contact across HS. More intensive or specialized formats were unusual (structured outpatient treatment 35%, day treatment 21%, ambulatory services 32%, planned inpatient services 31%). Mutual problem understanding, aims, and confidence in therapists during the hospital stay were limited (patient-rated satisfactory mutual problem understanding: 39%, aims of stay: 50%, confidence: 50%). Patient and therapist alliance-ratings were in concordance for the majority. Conclusion - The study highlights poor HS satisfaction, poor patient–therapist coherence, limited treatment alliance and limited follow-up in structured treatments addressing SH or intermediary supportive ambulatory/day/inpatient services.
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Fardzadeh, Haghish Ebad; Nes, Ragnhild Bang; Obaidi, Milan; Qin, Ping; Stänicke, Line Indrevoll & Bekkhus, Mona
[Show all 8 contributors for this article]
(2023).
Unveiling Adolescent Suicidality: Holistic Analysis of Protective and Risk Factors Using Multiple Machine Learning Algorithms.
Journal of Youth and Adolescence.
ISSN 0047-2891.
53,
p. 507–525.
doi:
10.1007/s10964-023-01892-6.
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Abstract Adolescent suicide attempts are on the rise, presenting a significant public health concern. Recent research aimed at improving risk assessment for adolescent suicide attempts has turned to machine learning. But no studies to date have examined the performance of stacked ensemble algorithms, which are more suitable for low-prevalence conditions. The existing machine learning-based research also lacks population-representative samples, overlooks protective factors and their interplay with risk factors, and neglects established theories on suicidal behavior in favor of purely algorithmic risk estimation. The present study overcomes these shortcomings by comparing the performance of a stacked ensemble algorithm with a diverse set of algorithms, performing a holistic item analysis to identify both risk and protective factors on a comprehensive data, and addressing the compatibility of these factors with two competing theories of suicide, namely, The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide and The Strain Theory of Suicide. A population-representative dataset of 173,664 Norwegian adolescents aged 13 to 18 years (mean = 15.14, SD = 1.58, 50.5% female) with a 4.65% rate of reported suicide attempt during the past 12 months was analyzed. Five machine learning algorithms were trained for suicide attempt risk assessment. The stacked ensemble model significantly outperformed other algorithms, achieving equal sensitivity and a specificity of 90.1%, AUC of 96.4%, and AUCPR of 67.5%. All algorithms found recent self-harm to be the most important indicator of adolescent suicide attempt. Exploratory factor analysis suggested five additional risk domains, which we labeled internalizing problems, sleep disturbance, disordered eating, lack of optimism regarding future education and career, and victimization. The identified factors provided stronger support for The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide than for The Strain Theory of Suicide. An enhancement to The Interpersonal Theory based on the risk and protective factors identified by holistic item analysis is presented.
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Letnes, Mari-Ann; Rasmussen, Ingvill; Bhroin, Niamh Ní; Stänicke, Line Indrevoll & Veelo, Nicole Christine
(2023).
Socio-digital divides in Norwegian education - How variation in parental mediation and pedagogical approaches influenced experiences of remote schooling during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Nordic Journal of Digital Literacy.
18(3),
p. 201–213.
doi:
10.18261/njdl.18.3.
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In this study, we investigate how variation in parental mediation and pedagogical approaches influenced experiences of remote schooling during the Covid-19 pandemic in Norway. We draw on a unique dataset of qualitative interview material involving 15 Norwegian school children (aged 6-12) and their families. We found that for many of our participants, the period of remote schooling was characterized by learning alone or with the help of family members. Related to this, variation in parental mediation strategies, including more restrictive and more enabling approaches, combined with variation in pedagogical approaches, influenced our participantsʼ experiences of remote schooling. Both parental mediation and pedagogical approaches in turn influence how our participants experienced the social aspects of learning during the pandemic. Our material and analysis provide insights into how the combination of parental mediation and pedagogical approaches has the potential to sustain and enhance previously underexplored socio-digital divides in Norwegian society.
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Langjord, Tuva; Pedersen, Geir Arild Feigum; Bovim, Tone Helene; Christensen, Tore Buer; Eikenæs, Ingeborg Helene Ulltveit-Moe & Hove, Oddbjørn
[Show all 21 contributors for this article]
(2023).
Mental health disorders, functioning and health-related quality of life among extensively hospitalized patients due to severe self-harm – results from the Extreme Challenges project.
Frontiers in Psychiatry.
14.
doi:
10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1258025.
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Background: Severe self-harm leading to extensive hospitalization generates extreme challenges for patients, families, and health services. Controversies regarding diagnoses and health care often follow. Most evidence-based treatments targeting self-harm are designed for borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, current knowledge about mental health status among individuals with severe self-harm is limited. Objectives: To investigate psychopathology among patients extensively hospitalized due to severe or frequent self-harming behaviors. Method: A cross sectional study (period 2019–2021) targeting psychiatric inpatients (>18 years) with frequent (>5) or long (>4 weeks) admissions last year due to self-harm. The target sample (N = 42, from 12 hospitals across all Norwegian health regions) was compared to individuals admitted to outpatient personality disorder (PD) treatment within specialist mental health services in the same period (N = 389). Clinicians performed interviews on self-harm and psychopathology, supplemented by self-report. Results: The target sample were young adults, mainly female, with considerable hospitalization and self-harming behaviors, both significantly more extensive than the comparison group. The majority in both groups reported self-harm onset <18 years. The target sample reported increasing severity of self-harm acts and suicidal intention over time. Both samples had high levels of childhood trauma, impaired personality functioning, and a majority fulfilled criteria for PD. In the target sample, comorbid depression, PTSD, anxiety disorders, and substance use occurred more frequently and in 50%, psychosis/dissociative disorder/autism spectrum disorder/ADHD was reported (outpatient comparison sample: 9%). 35% in the target sample screened over cut-off for possible intellectual disability. The target sample reported poor psychosocial functioning and health-related quality of life – greater impairment than the outpatient comparison sample. Conclusion: The study reveals that severe self-harm inpatients have complex psychopathology and highlights the importance of individualized and thorough assessment among patients with severe and/or repetitive self-harm.
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Stänicke, Line Indrevoll; Kurseth, Pauline Olin & Bekkhus, Mona
(2023).
‘Everything turned upside down’: A thematic analysis of adolescents’ experiences of everyday life during COVID-19 restrictions.
Scandinavian Journal of Public Health.
ISSN 1403-4948.
doi:
10.1177/14034948231152272.
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Background: At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, people were encouraged to practice social distancing, and schools and leisure venues closed. Aims: We aimed to explore the everyday experiences of Norwegian adolescents during COVID-19 restrictions, when in-person contact with peers was severely limited. Methods: A total of 622 high-school students (16–18 years of age) replied to an online survey containing open-ended questions about the changes they experienced in everyday life during the first three months of the pandemic. Results: Reflexive thematic analysis resulted in four themes: (a) ‘Everyday life turned upside down – everything is on hold’; (b) ‘Alone with my thoughts – new concerns’; (c) ‘A loss of social life – a fear of wasting important time’; and (d) ‘Gratitude – new perspectives in life’. The results are discussed according to mental-health concerns and psychological developmental challenges during adolescence, such as social exploration of roles with peers, autonomy and identity formation during a crisis. Conclusions: The results underline individual variations and positive experiences among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic, despite social restrictions. Still, the lack of in-person contact with friends is related to an increased experience of loneliness and mental-health concerns for many adolescents.
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Zahl, Kjell-Einar; Pedersen, Geir Arild Feigum; Eikenæs, Ingeborg Helene Ulltveit-Moe; Stänicke, Line Indrevoll; Wilberg, Theresa & Baltzersen, Åse-Line
[Show all 11 contributors for this article]
(2022).
Avoidant and borderline personality disorder patients during the first Covid-19 wave in Norway – a survey-based comparison of therapy changes and patients’ accommodations.
Nordic Journal of Psychiatry.
ISSN 0803-9488.
doi:
10.1080/08039488.2022.2110614.
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Background
Patients with personality disorders (PDs) often have insecure attachment patterns and may be especially vulnerable to abrupt treatment changes. Patients with borderline PD (BPD) are often considered vulnerable to treatment interruption due to chronic fear of abandonment. Nonetheless, other PDs are poorly investigated. In the first Covid-19 wave in Norway, in-person treatment facilities and group treatments were strongly restricted from March 12th until May/June 2020.
Objectives
To examine and compare changes in outpatient treatment for patients with avoidant (AvPD) and BPD during the first Covid-19 wave in Norway, and patients’ reactions to these changes.
Methods
The study is based on a cross-sectional survey distributed to 1120 patients referred to 12 different PD treatment units on a specialist mental health service level within the Norwegian Network for Personality Disorders. The survey included questions on treatment situation, immediate reactions, and changes during the crisis. From 133 responders (response rate 12%), 40 patients reported BPD and 30 AvPD as diagnosis.
Results
All patients were followed up from their therapist after March 12th. Almost all patients in both groups expressed satisfaction under the new circumstances. Both groups experienced the same regularity as before, but more AvPD patients reported less than weekly consultations. AvPD patients reported more negative feelings about changes in therapy, and missed the therapy and group members more than the BPD group.
Conclusion
After the lockdown, BPD patients received a closer follow-up than AvPD patients, and the latter reported more negative feelings related to change in their treatment situation.
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Stänicke, Line Indrevoll; Hermansen, Marte Hjertås & Halvorsen, Margrethe Seeger
(2022).
A transitional object for relatedness and self-development—A meta-synthesis of youths' experience of engagement in self-harm content online.
Child & Family Social Work.
ISSN 1356-7500.
doi:
10.1111/cfs.13058.
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Stänicke, Line Indrevoll
(2022).
‘I chose the bad’: Youth's meaning making of being involved in self-harm content online during adolescence.
Child & Family Social Work.
ISSN 1356-7500.
p. 1–11.
doi:
10.1111/cfs.12950.
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This article aims to explore how young adults (18–23) who have a history of self-harm experienced involvement in self-harm content online during adolescence. The qualitative data analysis follows the steps of Interpretative phenomenological analysis and resulted in four meta-themes: (1) ‘Solitude during adolescence—finally found a place to fit in’, (2) ‘Tempting but dangerous—a game that never should end’, (3) ‘Searching for self—it was like an online diary’ and (4) ‘No one in charge’. Each superordinate theme characterizes essential features of subjective reasons for becoming involved in and their way out of self-harm content online. Digital involvement is discussed in light of developmental challenges during adolescence—such as exploration of borders, autonomy and self-identity formation. For lonely people, online involvement with self-harm content may enable ‘a potential space’ in between reality and fiction sufficient for relational and personal exploration. Involvement in self-harm content online may cover a need to belong, to express and share problems, and for support. This knowledge should inform clinicians to ask patients about involvement in risk content online and motivate decision-makers to develop ways to detect and support vulnerable adolescents online and offline.
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Svela, Eirik Wixøe; Korsgaard, Hans Ole; Stänicke, Line Indrevoll & Ulberg, Randi
(2022).
Inter-rater reliability of the structured interview of DSM-IV personality (SIDP-IV) in an adolescent outpatient population.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH).
ISSN 1661-7827.
19:12283(19),
p. 1–10.
doi:
10.3390/ijerph191912283.
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Personality disorders (PDs) are a class of mental disorders which are associated with subjective distress, decreased quality of life and broad functional impairment. The presence of one or several PDs may also complicate the course and treatment of symptom disorders such as anxiety and depression. Accurate and reliable means of diagnosing personality disorders are thus crucial to ensuring efficient treatment planning and resource allocation, a fact which is widely acknowledged within the adult mental health field. In adolescents, on the other hand, the consensus view has been that the rapid and discontinuous processes of normal personality development render the construct of PD in adolescents clinically unhelpful and conceptually dubious. However, recent research has established the reliability and validity of the construct, heralding an increased interest in the field, with important conceptual and clinical implications. The present article presents reliability data for the Structured Interview of DSM-IV Personality (SIDP-IV) in an adolescent outpatient population. For this study, 25 interviews conducted by experienced clinicians were blindly re-scored based on sound recordings, which allowed for the calculation of intra-class correlation metrics. The intra-class correlation coefficient for categorical diagnosis of specific personality disorders was found to be 0.876 (95% CI 0.718–0.945); Cohen’s kappa for presence/absence of personality diagnosis was found to be 0.896. The present study found excellent intra-rater reliability for the sample, which suggests that the SIDP-IV is a suitable instrument for assessing personality pathology in adolescent populations.
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Stänicke, Line Indrevoll
(2026).
Alien – det fremmede, ukjente og menneskelige.
Tidsskrift for Norsk psykologforening (Psykologtidsskriftet).
ISSN 0332-6470.
7.
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Alien er en film om noe fremmed, men filmen er skapt av mennesker og viser tilbake på oss selv.
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Stänicke, Line Indrevoll
(2026).
Forståelse og behandling av selvskading blant unge – måter å styrke engasjement og redusere drop out.
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Stänicke, Line Indrevoll
(2026).
– Jeg synes det var skikkelig ekkelt og ville bare få det bort - varden.no.
[Journal].
Varden.
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Lese nyheter i dag? Varden gir deg nyheter, sport, kultur, underholdning, feature og meninger fra Telemark.
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Stänicke, Line Indrevoll
(2025).
Om hjernen til unge menn Ukeslutt NRK Radio.
[Radio].
NRK.
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Rakel trodde det var normalt med hyppige, vonde og langvarige underlivsundersøkelser. Hun hadde Arne Bye som lege, og forteller nå om hvorfor hun tror det ikke ble en straffesak tidligere. Stadig flere gifter seg på valentinsdagen. Vi spør advokaten: Hva er poenget med å bli rette ektefolk, sånn rent juridisk? Og så har Elon Musk hyret inn en gjeng unge menn ned i 19-årsalderen som rådgivere. Vi skal snakke om hjernen til unge menn.
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Stänicke, Line Indrevoll
(2025).
Den digitale ungdomstiden – en utvidet vennearena og en verden av risiko | Rådet for psykisk helse.
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Digital aktivitet er en sentral del av ungdoms liv og henger tett sammen med identitetsutvikling og sosiale relasjoner. I denne artikkelen kan du lese om sammenhengen mellom psykisk helse, ungdomsutvikling og risikoinnhold på nett.
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Izotova, Anastasia; Stänicke, Line Indrevoll; Mars, Becky; Stene-Larsen, Kim; Hannigan, Laurie John & Wootton, Robyn E
[Show all 7 contributors for this article]
(2025).
Experience of bullying victimisation and self-harm in adolescence: exploring potential moderators.
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Background
The last ‘Ungdata 2024’ survey indicates an increase in bullying victimisation (BV) experiences among Norwegian youth, with 9% of the girls and 10% of the boys ages 13-16 years experiencing BV at least every 14 days, marking the highest rates since 2010. Meanwhile, the prevalence of self-harm behaviors (SHB) has quadrupled since the early 2000s. Previous research has shown associations between BV and SHB, yet the underlying mechanisms are continuously being studied.
Methods
The aims of the study are to examine the associations between BV and later SHB, consisting of non-suicidal self-harm (NSSH) and self-harm with suicidal ideation (SHSI), and to test hypothesised moderators (sex assigned at birth, sexual minority status, neurodevelopmental and mental health conditions, and social relationship factors). We used data from the longitudinal Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) linked to data from Statistics Norway, the Norwegian Birth Registry and the Norwegian Patient Registry. A total of 12,760 adolescents in the cohort responded to the SHB items.
Results
The results were presented at the conference.
Conclusion
The preliminary descriptive results show the importance of interventions targeted to vulnerable groups. The results of the moderation analysis will enable to identify factors that can have implications for preventive BV and SHB strategies and interventions and can inform parents, teachers and mental health professionals about significant factors to support affected adolescents.
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Stänicke, Line Indrevoll
(2025).
Advarer foreldre - barn tier og er redde for å miste mobilen.
[TV].
TV2 - nyheter og nettartikkel.
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https://www.tv2.no/nyheter/innenriks/barn-tier-og-er-redde-for-a-miste-mobilen/18213040/
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Stänicke, Line Indrevoll
(2025).
«White shampoo»-trend på Tiktok får ekspert til å reagere.
[Internet].
ABC nyheter.
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Stänicke, Line Indrevoll
(2025).
På Tiktok florerer personlige historier om overgrep, rus og traumer.
[Journal].
Aftenposten.
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Stänicke, Line Indrevoll
(2025).
Digital aktivitet og digital kreativitet - et mellomområde for å utforske seg selv i terapirommet.
In Johns, Unni Tanum; Landmark, Anders Flekøy & Stänicke, Line Indrevoll (Ed.),
Kreativitet i terapirommet.
Gyldendal akademiske.
ISSN 9788205613133.
p. 100–113.
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Landmark, Anders Flekkøy; Johns, Unni & Stänicke, Line Indrevoll
(2025).
Kreativitet i psykoterapi.
In Johns, Unni Tanum; Landmark, Anders Flekøy & Stänicke, Line Indrevoll (Ed.),
Kreativitet i terapirommet.
Gyldendal akademiske.
ISSN 9788205613133.
p. 15–27.
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Stänicke, Line Indrevoll
(2024).
Skadelig innhold - hva møter barn på nett? - Den norske mediepodden | Acast.
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Skadelig innhold - hva møter barn på nett? Den norske mediepodden. Hva slags medieinnhold kan være skadelig for barn og unge? Hvordan har skadelighetsbegrepet og regelverket endret seg over tid? Og hvis foreldre er bekymret for at barna deres ser noe som kan være skadelig i sosiale medier, hvordan kan man snakke om det? Dette er temaer i denne utgaven av Den norske mediepodden. Du møter Ove Watne, Trude Kanestrøm og Audun Aagre fra Medietilsynet, Anne Katrin Storsveen Oppegaard fra Politiets nettpatrulje i Oslo, Asker og Bærum, og Line Indrevoll Stänicke, førsteamanuensis ved Psykologisk institutt på Universitetet i Oslo og Lovisenberg sykehus. Samtalen ledes av direktør Mari Velsand i Medietilsynet.
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Stänicke, Line Indrevoll
(2024).
Skadelig innhold slik barn ser det - Safer Internet day.
[Internet].
Medietilsynet.
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Stänicke, Line Indrevoll
(2024).
Nysgjerrig på barn og unges skjermbruk? Miniseminar og visning av filmen «Ibelin».
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Stänicke, Line Indrevoll
(2023).
Fæbrik on Instagram: "I den første episiden av den nye serien vår #fæbinfo dykker vi ned i tematikken «Sømmen og psyken» med forsker og psykologspesialist Line Indrevoll Stänicke!
🤔Hva er grunnen til at du syr?".
[Internet].
Fæbrik.
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2,006 likes, 34 comments - jointhefaebrik on October 29, 2023: "I den første episiden av den nye serien vår #fæbinfo dykker vi ned i tematikken «Sømmen og psyken» med forsker og psykologspesialist Line Indrevoll Stänicke!
🤔Hva er grunnen til at du syr?".
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Stänicke, Line Indrevoll
(2023).
Om å finne og miste seg selv i en annen.
Tidsskrift for Norsk psykologforening (Psykologtidsskriftet).
ISSN 0332-6470.
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Close er en inderlig og rørende fortelling om utvikling og brudd i et nært vennskap, og om å bli voksen.
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Kraft, Nina & Stänicke, Line Indrevoll
(2023).
Frankenstein på teater: Det lille ensomme monsteret.
[Journal].
Samtiden.
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Stänicke, Line Indrevoll
(2023).
“I chose the bad because the bad is good when you are bad” – the role of illusion and disillusion in adolescents’ engagement in self-harm content online.
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Stänicke, Line Indrevoll
(2023).
Self-harm in adolescence – a case for exploring the flip side of the Nordic Model.
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Stänicke, Line Indrevoll
(2023).
Hvordan forstå og møte mennesker som skader seg?
[Internet].
pårørendeseneteret podcast.
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Stänicke, Line Indrevoll
(2022).
# 245 Om lek i psykoterapi med barn og ungdom, med psykologspesialist Line Indrevoll Stänicke - Pia og psyken | Podcast on Spotify.
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Listen to this episode from Pia og psyken on Spotify. Er man som barn utsatt for omsorgssvikt, eller traumatisert på andre måter, kan det være vanskelig å uttrykke følelser og tanker. Lek, om det er via tegning, musikk eller bygging med klosser kan være en måte å nærme seg det vonde på. Vår gjest har lenge forsket på ungdom og selvskading, og her forteller hun om hvordan tilliten kan gjenopprettes hos et ungt menneske.
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Stänicke, Line Indrevoll & Johns, Unni
(2022).
Lek og kreativitet by Fagbokpodden.
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Det er ikke alltid lett for barn og ungdom å uttrykke seg med ord om det som er vanskelig. Musikk, bevegelse, tegning, digitale medier eller andre former for lek kan være andre gode måter å uttrykke seg på i psykoterapi. I denne episoden møter vi psykologspesialist Line Indrevoll Stänicke og musikkterapeut Unni Tanum Johns. De er begge førsteamanuenser tilknyttet Universitetet i Oslo og har skrevet boken Lek og kreativitet sammen med med Anders Flækøy Landmark. Boken er skrevet med et ønske om å inspirere psykologer, klinikere og studenter til å la lek og kreativitet ha en naturlig plass i klinisk arbeid med barn og ungdom. Episoden er laget i samarbeid med Nettavisen. Programleder er Anders Høglund. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
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Stänicke, Line Indrevoll
(2022).
Hvorfor ser jeg på TV og scroller på telefonen samtidig? – NRK Norge – Oversikt over nyheter fra ulike deler av landet.
[Journal].
NRK.
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Distraherer du deg selv hele tiden fordi du er sliten, og er sliten fordi du distraherer deg selv hele tiden? Dette kan mange kjenne seg igjen i, sier psykolog.
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Stänicke, Line Indrevoll
(2022).
De uskyldige – om å skape en sammenheng mellom den indre og ytre verdenen.
Tidsskrift for Norsk psykologforening (Psykologtidsskriftet).
ISSN 0332-6470.
4,
p. 312–318.
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Filmen De uskyldige er regissert av Eskil Vogt, kritikerrost og solgt til en rekke land etter lanseringen i 2021. Filmen omtales som en psy…
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Stänicke, Line Indrevoll
(2022).
Ungdomstid, kroppen og selvet.
In Lundgren, Charlotte (Eds.),
Psykisk oppvekst. Barn og unges psykiske helse fra 0-25 år.
Rådet for psykisk helse.
ISSN 9788291635460.
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Stänicke, Line Indrevoll
(2022).
The self and self-harm – towards a nuanced understanding of self-harm in adolescence.
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Stänicke, Line Indrevoll
(2022).
Don’t tell me to put away my phone. How can therapists help young people with mental health problems experiencing digital risks?
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Eikenæs, Ingeborg Helene Ulltveit-Moe; Stänicke, Line Indrevoll & Hofstad, Gunhild
(2022).
Et kneblet fagfelt https://www.dagsavisen.no/debatt/2022/06/24/et-kneblet-fagfelt/.
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Livingstone, Sonia; Stoilova, Mariya; Stänicke, Line Indrevoll; Jessen, Reidar Schei; Graham, Richard & Staksrud, Elisabeth
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(2022).
Adolescents experiencing internetrelated mental health difficulties: the benefits and risks of digital skills.
Leuven University Press.
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Most research on digital skills concerns typically-developing young people. This project asks whether digital skills, as conceptualised by the wider ySKILLS project, improve or undermine the wellbeing of adolescents with lived experience of diverse mental health difficulties such as self-harm, depression and anxiety, eating disorders, excessive internet use, grooming and sexual abuse.
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Livingstone, Sonia; Stoilova, Mariya; Stänicke, Line Indrevoll; Jessen, Reidar Schei; Graham, Richard & Staksrud, Elisabeth
[Show all 7 contributors for this article]
(2022).
Young people experiencing internet-related mental health difficulties: the benefits and risks of digital skills.
Leuven University Press.
Full text in Research Archive
Show summary
Most research on digital skills concerns typically-developing young people. This project asks whether digital skills, as conceptualised by the wider ySKILLS project, improve or undermine the wellbeing of adolescents with lived experience of diverse mental health difficulties such as self-harm, depression and anxiety, eating disorders, excessive internet use, grooming and sexual abuse.
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Published
Apr. 29, 2020 11:41 AM
- Last modified
Mar. 2, 2026 2:04 PM