Knut Martin Heidar

• Heidar, Knut Martin (2026). The polymorphic nature of party membership. European Journal of Political Research. ISSN 0304-4130. 25(1), p. 61–86. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-6765.1994.tb01201.x. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut Martin (2026). NORWAY. European Journal of Political Research. ISSN 0304-4130. 28(3-4), p. 443–448. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-6765.1995.tb00511.x. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut & Jupskås, Anders Ravik (2022). Deliberative democracy in contemporary political parties: Longitudinal evidence from Norway. Party Politics. ISSN 1354-0688. p. 1–14. doi: 10.1177/13540688221080538. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut & Rommetvedt, Hilmar (2020). Er fagkomiteene eller partigruppene Stortingets "politiske verksteder"? In Bergh, Johannes; Haugsgjerd, Atle & Karlsen, Rune (Ed.), Valg og politikk siden 1945. Velgere, institusjoner og kritiske hendelser i norsk politisk historie. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 9788202664602. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut & Kosiara-Pedersen, Karina (2019). Party workers, ambassadors, veterans and all the other party members. In Demker, Marie; Heidar, Knut & Kosiara-Pedersen, Karina (Ed.), Nordic Party Members Linkages in Troubled Times. Rowman & Littlefield International. ISSN 9781785523250. p. 157–174. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut & Kosiara-Pedersen, Karina (2019). The degree, type and quality of participation: Dimensions in participation. In Demker, Marie; Heidar, Knut & Kosiara-Pedersen, Karina (Ed.), Nordic Party Members Linkages in Troubled Times. Rowman & Littlefield International. ISSN 9781785523250. p. 137–156. Full text in Research Archive
• Demker, Marie; Heidar, Knut & Kosiara-Pedersen, Karina (2019). Nordic Party Democracies. In Demker, Marie; Heidar, Knut & Kosiara-Pedersen, Karina (Ed.), Nordic Party Members Linkages in Troubled Times. Rowman & Littlefield International. ISSN 9781785523250. p. 1–26. Full text in Research Archive
• Demker, Marie; Heidar, Knut & Kosiara-Pedersen, Karina (2019). The current state and future Challenges of Nordic party membership linkage. In Demker, Marie; Heidar, Knut & Kosiara-Pedersen, Karina (Ed.), Nordic Party Members Linkages in Troubled Times. Rowman & Littlefield International. ISSN 9781785523250. p. 247–260. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut & Kosiara-Pedersen, Karina (2019). Why do members join parties? In Demker, Marie; Heidar, Knut & Kosiara-Pedersen, Karina (Ed.), Nordic Party Members Linkages in Troubled Times. Rowman & Littlefield International. ISSN 9781785523250. p. 51–72. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut; Kristinsson, Gunnar Helgi; Saarinen, Arttu; Koivula, Aki & Keipi, Teo (2019). Who are the party members and are they representative of the party voters? In Demker, Marie; Heidar, Knut & Kosiara-Pedersen, Karina (Ed.), Nordic Party Members Linkages in Troubled Times. Rowman & Littlefield International. ISSN 9781785523250. p. 75–96. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut & Wauters, Bram (2019). "The times they are a'changing…", ook vor partijorganisatiers. In Louwerse, Tom (Eds.), Van driestromenland tot delta?. Leiden University Press (LUP). ISSN 9789087283421. p. 63–80. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut & Wauters, Bram (2019). Party membership as linkage. In Heidar, Knut & Wauters, Bram (Ed.), Do parties still represent? An analysis of the representativeness of political parties in Western democracies. Routledge. ISSN 9780815362944. p. 1–14. doi: 10.4324/9781351110952-1. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut (2019). Norwegian parties at work:representative capacities and political trust. In Heidar, Knut & Wauters, Bram (Ed.), Do parties still represent? An analysis of the representativeness of political parties in Western democracies. Routledge. ISSN 9780815362944. p. 126–148. doi: 10.4324/9781351110952-8. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut & Wauters, Bram (2019). Representativeness of parties: old problems, new challenges. In Heidar, Knut & Wauters, Bram (Ed.), Do parties still represent? An analysis of the representativeness of political parties in Western democracies. Routledge. ISSN 9780815362944. p. 169–181. doi: 10.4324/9781351110952-10. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut & Karlsen, Rune (2018). All about the Party? Constituency Representation—and Service—in Norway. Representation. ISSN 0034-4893. 54(1), p. 69–85. doi: 10.1080/00344893.2018.1489890. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The article investigates the relationship between Norwegian MPs and their home constituency. The approach is based on the concept of constituency representation, which combines representational focus and constituency service. The data used in the empirical analysis comprise both surveys and in-depth interviews with MPs. It shows that MPs have multiple representative foci. The party is most important, but (party) voters in the constituency are also considered essential. Moreover, MPs actively pursue constituency interests and rate this work very importantly. Indeed, constituency effort represents an essential and time-consuming part of Norwegian parliamentarians’ work. They target local policy-friendly organisations and media, and work for general constituency interest simultaneously—when possible also in cooperation with MPs from other parties. In conclusion, the article discusses contextual factors that may contribute to explain MPs’ constituency representation in Norway.

• Heidar, Knut (2015). Party membership in Norway: declining but still viable? In Haute, Emilie van & Gauja, Anika (Ed.), Party Members and Activists. Routledge. ISSN 9781138854239. p. 151–168. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut (2015). Linjene fram til I dag. In Bull, Kirsti Strøm (Eds.), Borgerrolle og borgerrett. Akademisk Publisering. ISSN 9788281520448. p. 194–207. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut (2015). Politiske Partier. In Malnes, Raino Sverre & Thorsen, Dag Einar (Ed.), Demokrati - historien og ideene. Dreyer Forlag A/S. ISSN 9788282651219. p. 550–562. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut (2014). Partiene - fra aristokratiske diskusjonsklubber til populistiske meningsbyråer. In Baldersheim, Harald & Østerud, Øyvind (Ed.), Det norske demokratiet i det 21. århundre. Fagbokforlaget. ISSN 9788245016147. p. 157–175. Full text in Research Archive
• Grønlie, Olav Tore & Heidar, Knut (2014). Mellom to jubileer - Stortingets historie 1964 - 2014. In Narud, Hanne Marthe; Heidar, Knut & Grønlie, Olav Tore (Ed.), Stortingets historie 1964-2014. Fagbokforlaget. ISSN 9788245015867. p. 11–20. Full text in Research Archive
• Claes, Dag Harald; Heidar, Knut & Holst, Cathrine (2014). Øyvind Østerud - en forskerprofil. In Claes, Dag Harald; Heidar, Knut & Holst, Cathrine (Ed.), Politikk i grenseland - Festskrift til Øyvind Østerud. Universitetsforlaget. ISSN 9788215022598. p. 13–40. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut (2014). Institusjon og arbeidsplass. In Narud, Hanne Marthe; Heidar, Knut & Grønlie, Olav Tore (Ed.), Stortingets historie 1964-2014. Fagbokforlaget. ISSN 9788245015867. p. 359–383. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut (2014). Partigruppene: samordnings og maktarena. In Narud, Hanne Marthe; Heidar, Knut & Grønlie, Olav Tore (Ed.), Stortingets historie 1964-2014. Fagbokforlaget. ISSN 9788245015867. p. 399–416. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut (2013). Parliamentary Party Groups: To Whom is the Midfield Accountable? In Müller, Wolfgang & Narud, Hanne Marthe (Ed.), Party Governance and Party Democracy. Springer Science+Business Media B.V.. ISSN 9781461465881. p. 115–136. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6588-1_7. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut (2012). Hva betyr partiene for valg og regjeringsdannelse i dag – og hva er konsekvensene for det norske demokratiet? Norsk statsvitenskapelig tidsskrift. ISSN 0801-1745. 28(3), p. 173–195. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut; Kosiara-Pedersen, Karina & Saglie, Jo (2012). Party Change and Party Member Participation in Denmark and Norway. In Blom-Hansen, J.; Green-Pedersen, Christoffer & Skaanning, Svend-Erik (Ed.), Democracy, Elections and Political Parties. Politica. ISSN 9788773351659. p. 155–163. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Some of the more important changes within political parties over the last decades are increased application of new information and communication technology; increased professionalization of party member organizations, campaigning and party leadership; increased application of political marketing; and both parties’ and party members’ desire for ad hoc and flexible political engagement. The purpose of this chapter is to see whether these changes are reflected in how party members participate within the parties, i.e. to track down the party activism that could be the result of these changes in party organizations and their environment. On the basis of surveys from 2000 (Denmark and Norway) and 2009 (Norway) conducted among rank-and-file party members, this chapter explores party member activism in the two countries. We find that while the number of party members has declined, the rates of member activism have not changed much during the last decade in Norway. Neither is there a trend towards more flexilbe modes of participation. Online participation, however, is increasing.

• Heidar, Knut & Bakke, Elisabeth (2008). Politikk i Europa. In Heidar, Knut; Bakke, Elisabeth & Berntzen, Einar (Ed.), Politikk i Europa. Partier Regjeringsmakt Styreform. Universitetsforlaget. ISSN 9788215012841. p. 17–41. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut Martin (2007). Norwegian Parties and the Party System. In Østerud, Øyvind (Eds.), Norway in Transition. Transforming a Stable Democracy. Routledge. ISSN 9780415378215. p. 103–129. Full text in Research Archive
• Rose, Lawrence E & Heidar, Knut Martin (2007). Oppfatninger om den gode samfunnsborger: Har nyliberalisme avsatt noen spor? In Mydske, Per Kristen; Claes, Dag Harald & Lie, Amund (Ed.), Nyliberalisme - ideer og politisk virkelighet. Universitetsforlaget. ISSN 9788215011622. p. 276–294. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut Martin (2007). Does Federalism Affect the Democratic Impact of Parties and Party Systems? In Gloppen, Siri & Rakner, Lise (Ed.), Globalization and Democratization: Challenges for Political Parties. Essays in Honor of Lars Svåsand. Fagbokforlaget. ISSN 9788245006940. p. 235–258. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut Martin & Semb, Anne Julie (2007). Nyliberalistfri sone? Debatter om statsborgerskap, stemmerett og samemantallet i Norge. In Mydske, Per Kristen; Claes, Dag Harald & Lie, Amund (Ed.), Nyliberalisme - ideer og politisk virkelighet. Universitetsforlaget. ISSN 9788215011622. p. 322–342. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut Martin & Pedersen, Kariana (2006). Party Feminism: Gender Gaps within Nordic Political Parties. Scandinavian Political Studies. ISSN 0080-6757. 29 (3 ), p. 192–218. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut Martin (2006). Parliamentary Party Group Unity: Does the Electoral System Matter? Acta Politica. ISSN 0001-6810. 41(3), p. 249–266. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut Martin (2006). Party membership and participation. In Katz, Richard S. & Crotty, William (Ed.), Handbook of Party Politics. Sage Publications. ISSN 9780761943143. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut Martin (2005). Norwegian parties and the party system: Steadfast and changing. West European Politics. ISSN 0140-2382. 28(4), p. 807–833. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Norwegian political parties have changed in terms of party membership and organisational modes, significantly reducing the value of the mass party and catch-all party models. Membership has declined and decision-making processes have opened up to increased networking, although the formal organisational structures remain close to those of the old mass party. Political changes have transformed the old two-bloc system, making it more open and fluid. This ‘diffused’ party system is more dependent on small electoral changes and post-election negotiations than was the traditional and more predictable bloc system. Norwegian democracy has thus become more differentiated and representative, but at the same time less accountable to the electorate.

• Saglie, Jo & Heidar, Knut Martin (2004). Democracy within Norwegian Political Parties. Complacency or Pressure for Change? Party Politics. ISSN 1354-0688. 10(4), p. 385–405. doi: 10.1177/1354068804043905. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  How democratic are the political parties in Norway? We use survey data from Norwegian party members (1991 and 2000) and Congress delegates (2000-1) to discuss two main questions: how do party members and Congress delegates evaluate the state of intra-party democracy? And what kind of intra-party democracy do they prefer? The analyses do not support the thesis of an increasing centralization of party decision making. Members were reasonably satisfied with the leadership, but those in positions of power were more satisfied than the grassroots. Participants at all levels preferred the present delegatory type of democracy to more direct democratic procedures. The attitudes of the participants do not indicate any strong pressure for organizational change, but declining membership and lack of legitimacy may still bring changes to intra-party decision-making.

• Heidar, Knut Martin & Saglie, Jo (2004). Kristenfolket i KrF - noe for seg selv i norsk politikk? Tallenes tale 2003 Perspektiver på statistikk og kirke. Tapir Akademisk Forlag. p. 45–72. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Utgangspunktet for artikkelen er spørsmålet om de problemene som følger med å være et kristent parti i et sekulært samfunn har endret Kristelig Folkepartis egenart: har partiet blitt mindre kristelig? Artikkelen innledes med et kort historisk riss av kristenpolitikken i Norge. Deretter analyseres data fra landsmøte- og partimedlemsundersøkelser fra 2000–2001. Materialet viser for det første en nær enstemmig oppslutning om å styrke kristen tro og moral blant KrFs medlemmer og landsmøtedelegater. I andre partier skaper denne saken i større grad splittelse. For det andre viser materialet at KrFs medlemmer og landsmøtedelegater fortsatt er sterkt forankret i det kristelige organisasjonssamfunnet. SV framstår i noen grad som KrFs motpol, med skepsis til kristen tro og moral og med et overlappende medlemskap med Human-Etisk Forbund. Til slutt tar artikkelen for seg en sak som illustrerer hvordan meningsbrytninger om religionspolitikken kan oppstå selv med enighet om hovedkursen – nemlig KrFs interne debatt om statskirken. Konklusjonen er at KrF er seg selv lik, og at endringer berører innpakningen mer enn partiets raison d’être.

• Svåsand, Lars G & Heidar, Knut (2004). Political parties in Norway - 40 years later. Tidsskrift for samfunnsforskning (TfS). ISSN 0040-716X. p. 295–318. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut Martin (2004). State and Nation-building in the Nordic area. In Heidar, Knut Martin (Eds.), Nordic politics : comparative perspectives. Universitetsforlaget. ISSN 9788215006284. p. 9–23. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut Martin (2004). Parties and party systems. In Heidar, Knut Martin (Eds.), Nordic politics : comparative perspectives. Universitetsforlaget. ISSN 9788215006284. p. 40–59. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut Martin (2004). Preface. In Heidar, Knut Martin (Eds.), Nordic politics : comparative perspectives. Universitetsforlaget. ISSN 9788215006284. p. 7–8. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut Martin (2004). Comparative Perspectives on the Northern Countries. In Heidar, Knut Martin (Eds.), Nordic politics : comparative perspectives. Universitetsforlaget. ISSN 9788215006284. p. 262–270. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut Martin (2003). Political parties in Norway -- National institutions, locally anchored. In Baldersheim, Harald & Daloz, Jean-Pascal (Ed.), Political Leadership in a Global Age. Ashgate. ISSN 9780754635567. p. 93–108. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut Martin & Saglie, Jo (2003). A decline of linkage? Intra-party participation in Norway, 1991–2000. European Journal of Political Research. ISSN 0304-4130. 42(6), p. 761–786. doi: 10.1111/1475-6765.00103. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The decline in party membership in Western Europe is generally taken as an indicator of party transformation. This article looks beyond membership figures and asks whether membership decline should be interpreted to mean that the activities and motivation of the remaining members are changing. Hypotheses on changes in party activism and motivation for party membership are tested with data from the 1991 and 2000 Norwegian party member surveys. Rather than uncovering evidence of change, most analyses point to a remarkable level of stability. Active and passive members seem to have disappeared at about the same rate. The general diagnosis of party decline is neither improved nor aggravated, but the analysis casts doubt on propositions about the transformation of the grassroots organisation. The Internet is used by party office-holders and the young, but the grassroots rarely use the new technology for political purposes. The character of the representative and participatory linkages provided by parties has, however, changed as a consequence of a shrinking party membership.

• Heidar, Knut Martin & Saglie, Jo (2003). Predestined Parties? Organizational Change in Norwegian Political Parties. Party Politics. ISSN 1354-0688. 9(2), p. 219–239. doi: 10.1177/13540688030092005. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The article analyzes actual changes, and debates about such changes, in the relationship between Norwegian political parties and their members. We ask whether parties develop from mass parties towards a 'network model', and whether such changes represent organizational convergence. The parties' organizational diagnoses and their prescribed cures are quite similar. Thematic network structures, increased inclusiveness and membership ballots are debated within the parties, but actual changes have been modest. The Internet has caused some substantial changes in the parties' internal communication. Still, there is a remarkable stability in Norwegian party organizations. Many structures and practices of the mass party are still present, but network structures have emerged as an alternative ideal.

• Allern, Elin Haugsgjerd & Heidar, Knut Martin (2001). Partier og interesseorganisasjoner i Norge. In Sundberg, Jan (Eds.), Partier och interesseorganisationer i Norden. Nordisk ministerråd. p. 103–140. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut Martin (2001). det moderne nettverkspartiet. In Baldersheim, Harald; Hagtvet, Bernt & Heidar, Knut Martin (Ed.), Statsvitenskapelige utsyn : politiske tema og tenkemåter i en oppbruddstid. Cappelen Damm Høyskoleforlaget. ISSN 9788276343335. p. 93–102. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut Martin (2000). Parliamentary Party Groups. In Esaiasson, Peter & Heidar, Knut (Ed.), Beyond Westminster and Congress : the Nordic experience. Ohio State University Press. ISSN 9780814208397. p. 183–209. Full text in Research Archive
• Esaiasson, Peter & Heidar, Knut Martin (2000). Learning from the Nordic Experience. In Esaiasson, Peter & Heidar, Knut (Ed.), Beyond Westminster and Congress : the Nordic experience. Ohio State University Press. ISSN 9780814208397. p. 409–440. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut Martin & Koole, Ruud (2000). Approaches to the study of Parliamentary Party Groups. In Heidar, Knut & Koole, Ruud (Ed.), Parliamentary party groups in European democracies : political parties behind closed doors. Routledge. ISSN 9780415223362. p. 4–22. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut Martin & Koole, Ruud (2000). Parliamentary party groups compared. In Heidar, Knut & Koole, Ruud (Ed.), Parliamentary party groups in European democracies : political parties behind closed doors. Routledge. ISSN 9780415223362. p. 248–270. Full text in Research Archive
• Esaiasson, Peter & Heidar, Knut Martin (2000). The Age of representative Democracy. In Esaiasson, Peter & Heidar, Knut (Ed.), Beyond Westminster and Congress : the Nordic experience. Ohio State University Press. ISSN 9780814208397. p. 1–16. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut Martin; Damgaard, Erik; Esaiasson, Peter; Hardarsson, Olafur & Raunio, Tapio (2000). Five Most Similar Systems? In Esaiasson, Peter & Heidar, Knut (Ed.), Beyond Westminster and Congress : the Nordic experience. Ohio State University Press. ISSN 9780814208397. p. 17–47. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut Martin & Svåsand, Lars (1998). Nordiske partiers samarbeidsmønstre - med hverandre og med Europa. In Olsen, Johan P & Sverdrup, Bjørn Otto (Ed.), Europa i Norden. Europeisering av nordisk samarbeid. TANO, Oslo. p. 290–317. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut Martin (1997). Norway. European Journal of Political Research. ISSN 0304-4130. 32(3-4), p. 463–468. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut Martin (1997). Roles, Structures and Behaviour: Norwegian Parlamentarians in the Nineties. The Journal of Legislative Studies. ISSN 1357-2334. 3(1), p. 91–109. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut Martin (1997). Norway. European Journal of Political Research. ISSN 0304-4130. 28(3-4). Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut Martin; Pettersen, Hanne C. & Svåsand, Lars G (1997). Norske partiers internasjonale forbindelser. In Heidar, Knut Martin & Svåsand, Lars G (Ed.), Partier uten grenser?. Tano. ISSN 9788251836234. p. 67–101. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut Martin; Pettersen, Hanne C. & Svåsand, Lars G (1997). Internasjonalt partisamarbeid. In Heidar, Knut Martin & Svåsand, Lars G (Ed.), Partier uten grenser?. Tano. ISSN 9788251836234. p. 33–66. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut Martin (1997). A "New" Party Leadership? In Strøm, Kåre & Svåsand, Lars (Ed.), Challenges to Political Parties. The Case of Norway. The University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor. ISSN 9780472106806. p. 125–148. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut Martin & Svåsand, Lars G (1997). Internasjonale partisammenslutninger: partier eller organisasjoner? In Heidar, Knut Martin & Svåsand, Lars G (Ed.), Partier uten grenser?. Tano. ISSN 9788251836234. p. 17–32. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut Martin (1997). Roles, Structures and Behaviour: Norwegian Parliamentarians in the Nineties. In Müller, Wolfgang C. & Saalfeld, Thomas (Ed.), Members of Parliament in Western Europe. Frank Cass, London. ISSN 9780714648217. p. 91–109. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut Martin (1997). Politisk historie, Samfunnsvitenskapelig leksikon. Universitetsforlaget. Full text in Research Archive

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• Demker, Marie; Heidar, Knut & Kosiara-Pedersen, Karina (2019). Nordic Party Members Linkages in Troubled Times. Rowman & Littlefield International. ISBN 9781785523250. 268 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut & Wauters, Bram (2019). Do parties still represent? An analysis of the representativeness of political parties in Western democracies. Routledge. ISBN 9780815362944. 185 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Grindheim, Jan Erik; Heidar, Knut & Strøm, Kaare (2017). Norsk Politikk. Universitetsforlaget. ISBN 9788215026039. 416 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Allern, Elin Haugsgjerd; Heidar, Knut & Karlsen, Rune (2015). After the mass party : Continuity and change in political parties and representation in Norway. Lexington Books. ISBN 9781498516549. 168 p. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This book examines whether parties’ ability to channel voter interests into political institutions has in fact declined in the wake of decline of party membership figures and the increase of state finance of parties. It first looks at relevant empirical studies to summarize what we already know. Second, it presents an in-depth study of Norwegian voters and parties, based on a number of voter, member and parliamentarian surveys conducted between 1990 and 2010. The existing literature is scarce and indecisive, whereas the Norwegian parties still seem to represent voters fairly well, despite the waning of mass parties. The party organizations—the members, activists, and representatives—continue to channel voter opinions into the Parliament. This book argues that the high and persistent policy congruence between voters and parties revealed might be related to party members and mid-level activists still resemble voters socially and politically to a large degree. At the same time, the party competition for votes is also still relatively efficient, and there appears to be some interaction in terms of what happens within party organizations and the stimuli offered by competing parties. Hence, this book challenges the “decline thesis”. It argues that parties can continue to represent, even “after the mass party”. At the same time, it suggests that the persistence of the formal representative structures and the closed candidate selection processes that you still find in Norway and elsewhere could make some parties somewhat more resistant to representative decline than others.

• Narud, Hanne Marthe; Heidar, Knut & Grønlie, Olav Tore (2014). Stortingets historie 1964-2014. Fagbokforlaget. ISBN 9788245015867. 608 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Claes, Dag Harald; Heidar, Knut & Holst, Cathrine (2014). Politikk i grenseland - Festskrift til Øyvind Østerud. Universitetsforlaget. ISBN 9788215022598. 376 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Bakke, Elisabeth; Berntzen, Einar & Heidar, Knut (2013). Politikk i Europa: Partier, regjeringsmakt, styreform (2. utgave). Universitetsforlaget. ISBN 9788215022208. 404 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut; Bakke, Elisabeth & Berntzen, Einar (2008). Politikk i Europa. Partier Regjeringsmakt Styreform. Universitetsforlaget. ISBN 9788215012841. 386 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut Martin (2004). Nordic politics : comparative perspectives. Universitetsforlaget. ISBN 9788215006284. 311 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut Martin & Saglie, Jo (2002). Hva skjer med partiene? Gyldendal Akademisk. ISBN 9788205313156. 334 p. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Hva skjer med de politiske partiene i Norge?De mister medlemmer og det er blitt en skjerpet kamp om flyktige velgere, omtaletiden i offentligheten, og om dagsorden. Samtidig styrkes partiene, gjennom statsstøtten.Forfatterne av denne boka påviser at partiene har endret seg - grasrotmakten er svekket og partiene er mer preget av uformelle nettverk. Men stabiliteten er likevel slående. Medlemmene er fremdeles preget av de tradisjonelle konfliktstrukturene; de formelle organisasjonsprosessene er stabile; landsmøtene er en minst like viktig politisk møteplass som før.Forfatterne diskuterer ikke bare makt og demokrati i partiene, men også i hvilken grad partiene bidrar til det nasjonale demokratiet.Hva skjer med partiene? bygger på organisasjonsdata og intervjuer med organisasjonsansvarlige i partiene; på en spørreundersøkelse blant partimedlemmer høsten 2000 og en spørreundersøkelse blant delegatene til landsmøter i 2000 og 2001, sammenlignet med tilsvarende undersøkelser i 1985 og 1991.

• Heidar, Knut Martin (2001). Norway. Elites on Trial. Westview Press. ISBN 9780813332000. 196 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Baldersheim, Harald; Hagtvet, Bernt & Heidar, Knut Martin (2001). Statsvitenskapelige utsyn : politiske tema og tenkemåter i en oppbruddstid. Cappelen Damm Høyskoleforlaget. ISBN 9788276343335. 328 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut & Koole, Ruud (2000). Parliamentary party groups in European democracies : political parties behind closed doors. Routledge. ISBN 9780415223362. 303 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Esaiasson, Peter & Heidar, Knut (2000). Beyond Westminster and Congress : the Nordic experience. Ohio State University Press. ISBN 9780814208397. 506 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut Martin & Berntzen, Einar (1998). Vesteuropeisk politikk Partier, regjeringsmakt, styreform 3. utgave. Universitetsforlaget. ISBN 9788200427117. 375 p. Full text in Research Archive

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• Heidar, Knut (2019). Book review Susan E Scarrow, Paul D Webb and Thomas Poguntke (eds), Organizing Political Parties. Representation, Participation, and Power, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017; xvi þ 345 pp.: ISBN 9780198758631, £60 (hbk). Party Politics. ISSN 1354-0688. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut & Rasch, Bjørn Erik (2017). Political representation and parliamentarism. In Knutsen, Oddbjørn P. (Eds.), The Nordic Models in Political Science : Challenged, but Still Viable?. Fagbokforlaget. ISSN 9788245021752. p. 105–124. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut (2016). Hva betyr partiene for demokratiet? In Malnes, Raino Sverre (Eds.), Velkommen til statsvitenskap. Gyldendal Akademisk. ISSN 9788205494718. p. 168–186. Full text in Research Archive
• Grønlie, Olav Tore & Heidar, Knut (2014). Er Stortingets makt undervurdert? Full text in Research Archive
• Mamre, Mari O.; Moe, Lars; Heidar, Knut Martin; Grytli, Dag; Tennes, Nordis & Blom, Kjetil [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2010). Studenter slåss om professorer. [Internet]. Universitas. Full text in Research Archive
• Allern, Elin Haugsgjerd; Narud, Hanne Marthe & Heidar, Knut (2008). Party Members and Membership Parties in the Age of Professional Politics: A study of Norwegian Political Parties 1985-2010. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut Martin (2007). kaderparti. In Østerud, Øyvind (Eds.), Statsvitenskapelig leksikon. Universitetsforlaget. ISSN 9788215011974. p. 122–122. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut Martin (2007). Kings Bay-saken. In Østerud, Øyvind (Eds.), Statsvitenskapelig leksikon. Universitetsforlaget. ISSN 9788215011974. p. 125–125. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut Martin (2007). Wyller, Thomas Christian. In Østerud, Øyvind (Eds.), Statsvitenskapelig leksikon. Universitetsforlaget. ISSN 9788215011974. p. 298–298. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut Martin (2006). How parties respond. Interest aggregation revisited. Party Politics. ISSN 1354-0688. 12, p. 769–771. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut Martin & Kjølsrød, Lise (2000). Forskning er for fremtiden. Dagbladet. ISSN 0805-3766. Full text in Research Archive
• Allern, Elin Haugsgjerd & Heidar, Knut Martin (2000). Parties and Interest Organizations in Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut Martin (2000). Matthews, Donald R., and Henry Valen. Parliamentary Representation: The Case of the Norwegian Storting. American Political Science Review. ISSN 0003-0554. 94(2), p. 488–489. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut Martin (1999). Lena Wägnerud: Politikens andra sida. Statsvetenskaplig Tidsskrift. ISSN 0039-0747. 102(1), p. 84–90. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut Martin (1999). Folkeavstemning til besvær. Dagbladet. ISSN 0805-3766. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut Martin (1999). Ytringer og politisk TV-reklame. Dagbladet. ISSN 0805-3766. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut Martin (1998). Politikerne som sviktet sine egne, kronikk. Dagbladet. ISSN 0805-3766. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut Martin (1998). Vokter Høyre perleporten? Kommentar. Dagens næringsliv. ISSN 0803-9372. Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut Martin; Egeberg, Morten & Nordby, Trond (1997). Forord. Norsk statsvitenskapelig tidsskrift. ISSN 0801-1745. 3/97(13). Full text in Research Archive
• Heidar, Knut Martin (1997). Vil mediene avgjøre valget? Dagbladet. ISSN 0805-3766. Full text in Research Archive
• Solheim, Øyvind Bugge; Steen-Johnsen, Kari & Heidar, Knut (2019). Terrorism and Attitudes Toward Out-groups: A Political Perspective. Universitetet i Oslo. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  How does terrorism affect attitudes towards out-groups? While research has found negative effects, these effects may be dependent on more factors than has been acknowledged so far. This thesis proposes a framework for understanding the consequences of terrorist attacks consisting of three parts; the terrorists’ group background, the framing of attacks and the public’s prior attitudes. Three empirical studies of surveys after attacks and of survey experiments explore this framework. The first investigates the reaction to the July 22, 2011 attacks in Norway and shows that the political response and people’s prior attitudes were central to the increase in out-group trust afterwards. The second studies the Charlie Hebdo and Hyper Cacher attacks in Paris in 2015, showing that while people in France did not increase their opposition to immigration, people outside France did. This is interpreted in light of the French response with its emphasis on republican values such as tolerance. The last paper explores how the terrorist threat affects for support for counterterrorism and shows that this support increases even for measures that target other groups than the ones creating the threat

• Heidar, Knut Martin (1999). Civil Society and the Mobilization of Bias: Comparing Political Participation in the U.S. and Norway. Departmetn of Political Science, University of Oslo. ISSN 9788257044152. Full text in Research Archive

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