Olav Schram Stokke

• Stokke, Olav Schram (2025). Norway – Antarctica. In Rothwell, Donald R.; Bloom, Evan T.; Lalonde, Suzanne & McGee, Jeffrey (Ed.), Elgar Concise Encyclopedia of Polar Law. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISSN 9781035300105. p. 343–347. doi: 10.4337/9781035300112.00111. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Norway is the only nation claiming sovereignty in both polar regions, and its engagement in Antarctic governance reflects its nationals’ longstanding involvement in regional exploration, resource use and scientific research. Contested legal issues have included sovereignty and sovereign rights, balancing economic use and environmental protection and developing the Antarctic Treaty System. This article describes Norway's history of Antarctic engagement and its role in current international governance issues. Norway’s main reason for upholding Antarctic sovereignty claims has evolved from protection of economic activities to promotion of political influence in the development of the Antarctic Treaty System, aiming for consensus solutions that recognise the legitimacy of sustainable use of marine living resources in the Southern Ocean.

• Moe, Arild; Brigham, Lawson; Mitrova, Tatiana; Yang, Jian; Stokke, Olav Schram & Otsuka, Natsuhiko [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2024). Arctic economic development in uncertain times. In Young, Oran R. & Kim, Jong-Deog (Ed.), North Pacific Perspectives on the Arctic - Looking Far North in Turbulent Times. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISSN 9781035344956. p. 24–49. doi: 10.4337/9781035344956.00008. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Arctic economic development is primarily driven by the extraction of natural resources such as hydrocarbons, hard minerals, and fisheries. This vast natural wealth is located within remote Arctic marine and terrestrial regions and requires expanded infrastructure and transportation networks; both pipelines and commercial shipping (bulk carriers, oil tankers, and liquefied natural gas carriers) are critical to exporting these resources to global markets. There is, however, great uncertainty about future development of Arctic natural resources as it is influenced by complex global factors. Continuing global climate change (and extreme warming of the Arctic) improves conditions for navigation in parts of the Arctic, but also complicates construction of infrastructure because of thawing permafrost, besides, the long-term demand for Arctic hydrocarbons is questionable. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has changed the security landscape, with Finland and Sweden now members of NATO. A tense international situation is i

• Stokke, Olav Schram (2024). Climate Change and Institutional Resilience in Arctic Environmental Governance. Politics and Governance. 12. doi: 10.17645/pag.7369. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This article highlights recent successes and failures in efforts to manage Arctic marine living resources to improve our understanding of institutional resilience—that is, the ability of cooperative institutions to maintain their performance despite severe disruptions to their operating environments. Rising ocean temperatures and other impacts of climate change may alter the spatial distribution of fish stocks, including their relative attachment to exclusive economic zones and their availability on the high seas. As evident in the examined Arctic cases, which involve the world’s largest stocks of cod, herring and mackerel, such changes may complicate core resource management tasks, including the regulatory task of reaching an agreement among user states on quotas and other restraints that align with scientific advice. The cross-case variance in regulatory resilience to climate-related and other changes in cooperative circumstances sheds light on general propositions regarding the drivers and inhibitors of institutional resilience, including institutional characteristics and the severity of the political challenges posed by changing circumstances.

• Stokke, Olav Schram; Østhagen, Andreas & Raspotnik, Andreas (2022). Introduction: Climate Change and Resilient Fisheries Management. In Stokke, Olav Schram; Østhagen, Andreas & Raspotnik, Andreas (Ed.), Marine Resources, Climate Change and International Management Regimes. Bloomsbury Academic. ISSN 9780755618392. p. 3–22. doi: 10.5040/9780755618392.ch-1. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This volume examines how international institutions set up to manage marine living resources are adapting to the effects of climate change on the geographic distribution of these resources. In the Barents Sea, the world’s biggest cod stock is expanding north-eastwards, while in the Nordic Seas significant changes in abundance, distribution and migration patterns can be observed in the world’s largest stocks for mackerel and herring. In the Antarctic, increasing temperatures and the associated declines in sea ice, ocean acidification and changes in circulation is likely to affect the geographical distribution of krill, the keystone species of Southern Ocean ecosystems. These developments put established international management regimes under pressure. In this interdisciplinary research volume, world-leading marine biologists, international lawyers and political scientists join efforts to study the resilience of Arctic and Antarctic marine resource management institutions to large-scale shifts of major marine stocks.

• Stokke, Olav Schram (2022). Conclusions: Assessing, Comparing and Explaining Institutional Resilience to Climate Change. In Stokke, Olav Schram; Østhagen, Andreas & Raspotnik, Andreas (Ed.), Marine Resources, Climate Change and International Management Regimes. Bloomsbury Academic. ISSN 9780755618392. p. 273–295. doi: 10.5040/9780755618392.ch-14. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This volume examines how international institutions set up to manage marine living resources are adapting to the effects of climate change on the geographic distribution of these resources. In the Barents Sea, the world’s biggest cod stock is expanding north-eastwards, while in the Nordic Seas significant changes in abundance, distribution and migration patterns can be observed in the world’s largest stocks for mackerel and herring. In the Antarctic, increasing temperatures and the associated declines in sea ice, ocean acidification and changes in circulation is likely to affect the geographical distribution of krill, the keystone species of Southern Ocean ecosystems. These developments put established international management regimes under pressure. In this interdisciplinary research volume, world-leading marine biologists, international lawyers and political scientists join efforts to study the resilience of Arctic and Antarctic marine resource management institutions to large-scale shifts of major marine stocks.

• Stokke, Olav Schram (2022). Climate Change and Management of Antarctic Krill Fisheries. In Stokke, Olav Schram; Østhagen, Andreas & Raspotnik, Andreas (Ed.), Marine Resources, Climate Change and International Management Regimes. Bloomsbury Academic. ISSN 9780755618392. p. 239–256. doi: 10.5040/9780755618392.ch-12. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This volume examines how international institutions set up to manage marine living resources are adapting to the effects of climate change on the geographic distribution of these resources. In the Barents Sea, the world’s biggest cod stock is expanding north-eastwards, while in the Nordic Seas significant changes in abundance, distribution and migration patterns can be observed in the world’s largest stocks for mackerel and herring. In the Antarctic, increasing temperatures and the associated declines in sea ice, ocean acidification and changes in circulation is likely to affect the geographical distribution of krill, the keystone species of Southern Ocean ecosystems. These developments put established international management regimes under pressure. In this interdisciplinary research volume, world-leading marine biologists, international lawyers and political scientists join efforts to study the resilience of Arctic and Antarctic marine resource management institutions to large-scale shifts of major marine stocks.

• Stokke, Olav Schram (2022). External Shocks, Resilience and Barents Sea Fisher Compliance. In Stokke, Olav Schram; Østhagen, Andreas & Raspotnik, Andreas (Ed.), Marine Resources, Climate Change and International Management Regimes. Bloomsbury Academic. ISSN 9780755618392. doi: 10.5040/9780755618392.ch-9. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This volume examines how international institutions set up to manage marine living resources are adapting to the effects of climate change on the geographic distribution of these resources. In the Barents Sea, the world’s biggest cod stock is expanding north-eastwards, while in the Nordic Seas significant changes in abundance, distribution and migration patterns can be observed in the world’s largest stocks for mackerel and herring. In the Antarctic, increasing temperatures and the associated declines in sea ice, ocean acidification and changes in circulation is likely to affect the geographical distribution of krill, the keystone species of Southern Ocean ecosystems. These developments put established international management regimes under pressure. In this interdisciplinary research volume, world-leading marine biologists, international lawyers and political scientists join efforts to study the resilience of Arctic and Antarctic marine resource management institutions to large-scale shifts of major marine stocks.

• Young, Oran R. & Stokke, Olav Schram (2022). Avoiding Institutional Failure: Risk Factors and Response Strategies. In Stokke, Olav Schram; Østhagen, Andreas & Raspotnik, Andreas (Ed.), Marine Resources, Climate Change and International Management Regimes. Bloomsbury Academic. ISSN 9780755618392. p. 45–62. doi: 10.5040/9780755618392.ch-3. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This volume examines how international institutions set up to manage marine living resources are adapting to the effects of climate change on the geographic distribution of these resources. In the Barents Sea, the world’s biggest cod stock is expanding north-eastwards, while in the Nordic Seas significant changes in abundance, distribution and migration patterns can be observed in the world’s largest stocks for mackerel and herring. In the Antarctic, increasing temperatures and the associated declines in sea ice, ocean acidification and changes in circulation is likely to affect the geographical distribution of krill, the keystone species of Southern Ocean ecosystems. These developments put established international management regimes under pressure. In this interdisciplinary research volume, world-leading marine biologists, international lawyers and political scientists join efforts to study the resilience of Arctic and Antarctic marine resource management institutions to large-scale shifts of major marine stocks.

• Stokke, Olav Schram (2022). Introductory essay: Polar regions and multi-level governance. The Polar Journal. ISSN 2154-896X. 11(2), p. 249–268. doi: 10.1080/2154896X.2021.2007460. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This introductory essay synthesises the contributions to this special 5 issue on polar regions and multi-level governance, showing how they address three important themes in the study of institutional complexes: interplay management; the influence that global institutions and processes exert on regional regimes; and the ways in which states and other actors pursue their interests within com- 10 plexes of institutions. The institutional complexes in focus here comprise institutions relevant to Arctic Ocean governance, EU– Arctic relationships, Arctic maritime boundary disputes, the Antarctic Treaty System (including CCAMLR), the preservation of cultural heritage and the traditional economy in Newfoundland and 15 Labrador, and scientific research in Svalbard.

• Stokke, Olav Schram (2022). Arctic Geopolitics, Climate Change, and Resilient Fisheries Management. Ocean Yearbook. ISSN 0191-8575. 36(1), p. 440–474. doi: 10.1163/22116001-03601016. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This article examines the resilience of fisheries management institutions to the combined challenges inherent in geopolitical and climatic change. Increased emphasis on geopolitical considerations tends to make governments more, not less, inclined to seek practical management arrangements acceptable to all; and as this article argues, solutions that can accommodate underlying geopolitical tensions tend to be particularly resilient. Mechanisms that may explain this relationship include interest aggregation, as when governmental decision-makers worry that a sector dispute may escalate and spill over into issue-areas that are closer to core national interests. A second mechanism is sector-gains protection, as when fisheries officials and scientists are determined to insulate mutually advantageous institutional arrangements against the ups and downs of general political relations. Combined with a third mechanism, associated with the “malignancy” of the management problem, including the extent of free-rider incentives among participants, these mechanisms are also relevant for explaining variation among Arctic fisheries regimes in their resilience to climate change—a second test of the ability of Arctic governance processes to adapt to more demanding circumstances.

• McBride, Margaret; Stokke, Olav Schram; Renner, Angelika; Krafft, Bjørn Arne; Bergstad, Odd Aksel & Biuw, Martin [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2021). Antarctic krill Euphausia superba: spatial distribution, abundance, and management of fisheries in a changing climate. Marine Ecology Progress Series. ISSN 0171-8630. 668, p. 185–214. doi: 10.3354/meps13705. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Antarctic krill Euphausia superba, a keystone species in the Southern Ocean, is highly relevant for studying effects of climate-related shifts on management systems. Krill provides a key link between primary producers and higher trophic levels and supports the largest regional fishery. Any major perturbation in the krill population would have severe ecological and economic ramifications. We review the literature to determine how climate change, in concert with other environmental changes, alters krill habitat, affects spatial distribution/abundance, and impacts fisheries management. Findings recently reported on the effects of climate change on krill distribution and abundance are inconsistent, however, raising questions regarding methods used to detect changes in density and biomass. One recent study reported a sharp decline in krill densities near their northern limit, accompanied by a poleward contraction in distribution in the Southwest Atlantic sector. Another recent study found no evidence of long-term decline in krill density or biomass and reported no evidence of a poleward shift in distribution. Moreover, with predicted decreases in phytoplankton production, vertical foraging migrations to the seabed may become more frequent, also impacting krill production and harvesting. Potentially cumulative impacts of climate change further compound the management challenge faced by CCAMLR, the organization responsible for conservation of Antarctic marine living resources: to detect changes in the abundance, distribution, and reproductive performance of krill and krill-dependent predator stocks and to respond to such change by adjusting its conservation measures. Based on CCAMLR reports and documents, we review the institutional framework, outline how climate change has been addressed within this organization, and examine the prospects for further advances toward ecosystem risk assessment and an adaptive management system.

• Stokke, Olav Schram (2020). Interplay management. In Biermann, Frank & Kim, Rakhyun E. (Ed.), Architectures of Earth System Governance. Cambridge University Press. ISSN 9781108784641. p. 165–185. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Interplay management involves deliberate efforts by one or more actors to improve the interplay of institutions set up for earth system governance. This chapter synthesizes two decades of conceptual and empirical research on the conditions that influence the conduciveness of interplay management to earth system governance. Those conditions concern the agency and the means of management, notably whether interplay management proceeds by means of coordination or adaptation, as well as the compatibility of the policy objectives pursued. Agents of interplay management are states, intergovernmental organizations and industry- or civil-society groups, seeking to mobilize assets such as material resources, expertise or legitimacy held by one institution to promote objectives pursued under another. Means employed are frequently variants of unilateral adaptation to norms and programmes undertaken in other institutions, rather than explicit coordination involving joint decision-making. Cross-institutional coordination has obvious advantages and is particularly valuable when the institutions govern highly interdependent activities or can bring to bear complementary capacities. With clearly competitive elements present, adaptation has the advantage of triggering less turf-sensitive resistance.

• Young, Oran R. & Stokke, Olav Schram (2020). Why is it hard to solve environmental problems? The perils of institutional reductionism and institutional overload. International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics. ISSN 1567-9764. doi: 10.1007/s10784-020-09468-6. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Efforts to create and implement environmental regimes to address needs for governance arising at the international or transboundary level often end in failure or produce disappointing results. Yet some efforts of this sort succeed. We construct an analytical model of such processes leading to the conclusion that an ability to steer a course avoiding the twin perils of institutional reductionism and institutional overload is necessary to achieve success in this realm. We examine risk factors or conditions likely to push processes of regime formation or implementation toward one or the other of these perils. These include conditions relating to the character the problem, institutional design, and the broader setting. We then analyze response strategies or procedures that parties can adopt to steer a course between these perils. Devising response strategies that work is necessary to achieve success in solving environmental problems. We turn to marine issues to illustrate our reasoning. But the argument is applicable to the entire range of efforts to create and implement international environmental regimes.

• Stokke, Olav Schram (2020). Asia in the Arctic: Policies, Stakes, and Involvement. In Rottem, Svein Vigeland & Soldtvedt, Ida Folkestad (Ed.), Arctic Governance: Norway, Russia and Asia. Volume 3. I.B. Tauris. ISSN 9781784539641. p. 213–235. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The Polar North is known to be home to gas and oil reserves and its position holds trading and military advantages. In the twenty-first century the Arctic is undergoing profound change. As the sea ice melts, a result of accelerating climate change, global governance has become vital. In this, the third of three volumes, the latest research and analysis from the world's leading Arctic research body - the Fridtjof Nansen Institute - is brought together for the first time. Arctic Governance: Norway, Russia and Asia investigates the foreign policy discourses of Arctic governance, specifically as regarding international relations and competing interests between Norway, Russia and various Asian states.

• Moe, Arild & Stokke, Olav Schram (2019). Asian Countries and Arctic Shipping: Policies, Interests and Footprints on Governance. Arctic Review on Law and Politics. ISSN 1891-6252. 10, p. 24–52. doi: 10.23865/arctic.v10.1374. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Most studies of Asian state involvement in Arctic affairs assume that shorter sea-lanes to Europe are a major driver of interest, so this article begins by examining the prominence of shipping concerns in Arctic policy statements made by major Asian states. Using a bottom-up approach, we consider the advantages of Arctic sea routes over the Suez and Panama alternatives in light of the political, bureaucratic and economic conditions surrounding shipping and shipbuilding in China, Japan and the Republic of Korea. Especially Japanese and Korean policy documents indicate soberness rather than optimism concerning Arctic sea routes, noting the remaining limitations and the need for in-depth feasibility studies. That policymakers show greater caution than analysts, links in with our second finding: in Japan and Korea, maritime-sector bureaucracies responsible for industries with Arctic experience have been closely involved in policy development, more so than in China. Thirdly, we find a clear tendency towards rising industry-level caution and restraint in all three countries, reflecting financial difficulties in several major companies as well as growing sensitivity to the economic and political risks associated with the Arctic routes. Finally, our examination of bilateral and multilateral Chinese, Japanese and Korean diplomatic activity concerning Arctic shipping exhibits a lower profile than indicated by earlier studies.

• Stokke, Olav Schram (2019). Management Options for High Seas Fisheries: Making Regime Complexes More Effective. In Caddell, Richard & Molenaar, Erik J. (Ed.), Strengthening International Fisheries Law in an Era of Changing Oceans. Hart Publishing Ltd. ISSN 9781509923342. p. 51–78. doi: 10.5040/9781509923373.ch-004. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  What are the most promising options for improving the management of the world’s high seas fisheries? This Chapter first briefly examines the nature of the problem posed by the availability of commercially lucrative fish stocks on the high seas. That problem is defined primarily by the configurations of interests among governmental players such as flag States, coastal States, and port States, but also by the goals and strategies of transnational industry and environmental organizations active in the policy area. The Chapter then outlines the institutional complex that has evolved for managing this problem, highlighting not only national fisheries agencies and regional fisheries regimes but also global institutions specializing in areas other than resource management, such as international trade or the combat of trafficking in persons or drugs, or money laundering, as well as private governance initiatives like fisheries certification schemes. The substantive core of the Chapter examines the coherence of these various contributions to solving the cognitional, regulatory, and behavioral tasks of fisheries management, including whether such coherence requires explicit coordination among the component institutions. Empirically, the Chapter focuses on several regional regime complexes, including those aiming to govern high seas fisheries in the Barents Sea, the Norwegian Sea, and the Southern Ocean.

• Moe, Arild & Stokke, Olav Schram (2019). China and Arctic Shipping: Policies, Interests and Engagement. China in World and Regional Politics. ISSN 2618-6888. 24, p. 257–278. doi: 10.24411/2618-6888-2019-10015. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  China is widely perceived as an emerging key actor in Arctic shipping. The purpose of the article is to clarify how strong China’s engagement really is; how much of it is purely commercial, and how much is a reflection of political goals. We take a bottom-up approach, examining use of arctic sea routes from the perspectives of Chinese governmental agencies and companies, but we also place shipping in the context of China’s Arctic policy. The Arctic policy is upbeat on Arctic shipping options, subsuming them under the larger Belt and Road Initiative as a “Polar Silk Road.” However, the Chinese shipping industry’s actual moves into the region have been cautious, and mainly reflect sober commercial calculations

• Stokke, Olav Schram (2018). Stock Shifts, Value Chains and Institutional Resilience: Fisher Compliance in the Barents Sea. In Rottem, Svein vigeland & Soltvedt, Ida Folkestad (Ed.), Arctic Governance volume 2: Energy, Living Marine Resources and Shipping. I.B. Tauris. ISSN 9781784539634. p. 85–112. doi: 10.5040/9781350985384.ch-004. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2018). Governing Arctic Shipping: Institutional Niches and Regional Regimes. In Rottem, Svein vigeland & Soltvedt, Ida Folkestad (Ed.), Arctic Governance volume 2: Energy, Living Marine Resources and Shipping. I.B. Tauris. ISSN 9781784539634. p. 228–252. doi: 10.5040/9781350985384.ch-010. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2017). The Arctic: Environmental Security or Multi-Level Governance? In Rottem, Svein vigeland & Soltvedt, Ida Folkestad (Ed.), Arctic Governance, Volume 1: Law and Politics. I.B. Tauris. ISSN 9781784539627. p. 73–87. doi: 10.5040/9781350985377.ch-004. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2017). The Law of the Sea and the Arctic Environment. In Rottem, Svein vigeland & Soltvedt, Ida Folkestad (Ed.), Arctic Governance, Volume 1: Law and Politics. I.B. Tauris. ISSN 9781784539627. p. 91–106. doi: 10.5040/9781350985377.ch-005. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2017). Pros and Cons of Institutional Complexity: The Case of Arctic Governance. In Rottem, Svein vigeland & Soltvedt, Ida Folkestad (Ed.), Arctic Governance, Volume 1: Law and Politics. I.B. Tauris. ISSN 9781784539627. p. 45–71. doi: 10.5040/9781350985377.ch-003. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram & Young, Oran R. (2017). Integrating Earth Observation Systems and International Environmental Regimes. In Onoda, Masami & Young, Oran R. (Ed.), Satellite Earth Observations and Their Impact on Society and Policy. Springer. ISSN 9789811037139. p. 173–203. doi: 10.1007/978-981-10-3713-9_16. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2017). Geopolitics, governance and Arctic fisheries politics. In Conde, Elena & Sanchez, Sara Iglesias (Ed.), Global Challenges in the Arctic Region Sovereignty Environment and Geopolitical Balance. Routledge. ISSN 9781472463258. p. 170–195. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2016). Can Asian Involvement Strengthen Arctic Governance? In Lunde, Leiv; Yang, Jian & Stensdal, Iselin Phoebe (Ed.), Asian Countries and the Arctic Future. World Scientific. ISSN 9789814644174. p. 51–60. doi: 10.1142/9789814644181_0004. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2015). Fisheries and Whaling. In Pattberg, Philipp & Zelli, Fariborz (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Global Environmental Governance and Politics. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISSN 9781782545781. p. 364–372. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2015). Asian stakes and Arctic governance. In Bekkevold, Jo Inge & Sinha, Uttam Kumar (Ed.), Arctic: Commerce, Governance and Policy. Routledge. ISSN 9781138855991. doi: 10.1080/09700161.2014.952946. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram & Underdal, Arild (2015). Qualitative comparative analysis. In Pattberg, Philipp & Zelli, Fariborz (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Global Environmental Governance and Politics. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISSN 9781782545781. p. 148–155. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2015). Institutional complexity in Arctic Governance: Curse or blessing? In Hønneland, Geir & Jensen, Leif Chr. (Ed.), Handbook of the Politics of the Arctic. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISSN 9780857934734. doi: 10.4337/9780857934741.00026. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2014). Actor Configurations and Compliance Tasks in International Environmental Governance. In Kanie, Norichika; Andresen, Steinar E & Haas, Peter M. (Ed.), Improving Global Environmental Governance. Best practices for architecture and agency. Routledge. ISSN 9780415811767. p. 83–107. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2014). International Environmental Governance and Arctic Security. In Tamnes, Rolf & Offerdal, Kristine (Ed.), Geopolitics and Security in the Arctic. Regional Dynamics in a Global World. Routledge. ISSN 9780415734455. p. 121–146. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2014). Asian Stakes and Arctic Governance. Strategic Analysis. ISSN 0970-0161. 38(6), p. 770–783. doi: 10.1080/09700161.2014.952946. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2013). Regime interplay in Arctic shipping governance: explaining regional niche selection. International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics. ISSN 1567-9764. 13(1), p. 65–85. doi: 10.1007/s10784-012-9202-1. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2013). The Promise of Involvement: Asia in the Arctic. Strategic Analysis. ISSN 0970-0161. 37(4), p. 474–479. doi: 10.1080/09700161.2013.802520. Full text in Research Archive
• Kanie, Norichika; Haas, Peter M; Andresen, Steinar E; auld, graeme; Cashore, Benjamin & Chasek, Pamela S. [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2013). Green Pluralism: Lessons for Improved Environmental Governance in the 21st Century. Environment. ISSN 0013-9157. 55(5), p. 14–30. doi: 10.1080/00139157.2013.824339. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2013). Political Stability and Multi-Level Governance in the Arctic. In Berkman, Paul Arthur & Vylegzhanin, Alexander N. (Ed.), Environmental Security in the Arctic Ocean. Springer. ISSN 9789400747517. p. 297–312. doi: 10.1007/978-94-007-4713-5_26. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2012). Law of the Sea. In Ritzer, George (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Globalization. Wiley-Blackwell. ISSN 9781405188241. p. 1280–1282. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2012). International Fisheries Politics: From Sustainability to Precaution. In Andresen, Steinar; Boasson, Elin Lerum & Hønneland, Geir (Ed.), International environmental agreements: an introduction. Routledge. ISSN 9780415598255. p. 97–116. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2011). Environmental Security in the Arctic: The Case for Multi-Level Governance. International Journal. ISSN 0020-7020. 64(4), p. 835–848. doi: 10.1177/002070201106600412. Full text in Research Archive
• Oberthür, Sebastian & Stokke, Olav Schram (2011). Conclusions: Decentralized Interplay Management in an Evolving Interinstitutional Order. In Oberthür, Sebastian & Stokke, Olav Schram (Ed.), Managing Institutional Complexity: Regime Interplay and Global Environmental Change. MIT Press. ISSN 9780262516242. p. 313–341. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram & Oberthür, Sebastian (2011). Introduction: Institutional Interaction in Global Environmental Change. In Oberthür, Sebastian & Stokke, Olav Schram (Ed.), Managing Institutional Complexity: Regime Interplay and Global Environmental Change. MIT Press. ISSN 9780262516242. p. 1–23. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2011). Interplay Management, Niche Selection, and Arctic Environmental Governance. In Oberthür, Sebastian & Stokke, Olav Schram (Ed.), Managing Institutional Complexity: Regime Interplay and Global Environmental Change. MIT Press. ISSN 9780262516242. p. 143–170. doi: 10.7551/mitpress/9780262015912.003.0006. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2010). Barents Sea Fisheries: The IUU Struggle. Arctic Review on Law and Politics. ISSN 1891-6252. Full text in Research Archive

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• Stokke, Olav Schram; Østhagen, Andreas & Raspotnik, Andreas (2022). Marine Resources, Climate Change and International Management Regimes. Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 9780755618392. 329 p. doi: 10.5040/9780755618392. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This volume examines how international institutions set up to manage marine living resources are adapting to the effects of climate change on the geographic distribution of these resources. In the Barents Sea, the world’s biggest cod stock is expanding north-eastwards, while in the Nordic Seas significant changes in abundance, distribution and migration patterns can be observed in the world’s largest stocks for mackerel and herring. In the Antarctic, increasing temperatures and the associated declines in sea ice, ocean acidification and changes in circulation is likely to affect the geographical distribution of krill, the keystone species of Southern Ocean ecosystems. These developments put established international management regimes under pressure. In this interdisciplinary research volume, world-leading marine biologists, international lawyers and political scientists join efforts to study the resilience of Arctic and Antarctic marine resource management institutions to large-scale shifts of major marine stocks.

• Stokke, Olav Schram & Hønneland, Geir (2014). 国际合作与北极治理-北极治理机制与北极区域建设 (International Cooperation and Arctic Governance: Regime effectiveness and northern region building) Oversettelse av engelskspråklig original, utgitt av Routledge i 2007, pb 2010. Routledge. ISBN 9787502788636. 239 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2012). Disaggregating International Regimes: A New Approach to Evaluation and Comparison. MIT Press. ISBN 9780262018012. 348 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Oberthür, Sebastian & Stokke, Olav Schram (2011). Managing Institutional Complexity: Regime Interplay and Global Environmental Change. MIT Press. ISBN 9780262516242. 376 p. Full text in Research Archive

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• Stokke, Olav Schram (2022). Arctic Fisheries in Uncertain Times. In Kim, Jong Deog & Morrison, Charles E. (Ed.), The Arctic in Uncertain Times. Papers from the 2022 North Pacific Arctic Conference. Korea Maritime Institute and East-West Center. ISSN 9791168661899. p. 72–81. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2020). Arctic Council, Essential Concepts of Global Environmental Governance. Routledge. ISSN 9780367418694. p. 14–15. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2020). Antarctic resources. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2020). Climate Change and the Management of Antarctic Krill Fisheries. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  What challenges does climate change pose to effective management of fisheries for Antarctic krill – and is the international management system dimensioned to meet those challenges? The combination of rising levels of sea temperature, acidification and ultraviolet radiation in the Southern Ocean is expected to induce a poleward shift in distribution of the Antarctic krill stock, which is by far the world’s biggest marine stock. Our knowledge about krill biology, inter-species interaction and oceanographic conditions in the Southern Ocean suggests that a poleward shift would most probably imply significant reduction of habitats suitable for krill spawning, hatching, larval survival and juvenile growth This paper reviews the institutional framework for managing krill fisheries, then examines CCAMLR’s ability to adapt conservation measures to ongoing and future climate-driven changes in the distribution and abundance of this species. The focus is placed on the need for risk assessment based on monitoring of ecosystem components potentially affected by krill fisheries and a feedback management system that links agreed conservation measures to the best available information on the status of Antarctic krill and its predators. Progress towards such a system has been impeded by inadequate monitoring activities and lack of consensus on how to allocate catch limits among management units that are small enough to account for differential predator needs. Achieving krill regulations with finer spatial resolution than in the current conservation measures will require consensus among CCAMLR members – which in turn is likely to require accommodation by both sides in the controversies of the past decade over how to balance the protection and the rational-use parts of CCAMLR's objective. This paper identifies several institutional, political and economic factors likely to promote such mutual accommodation.

• Stokke, Olav Schram (2019). China's Polar Silk Road: Much Ado, Little Traffic? Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2019). 北极治理模式的国际探讨及北极治理实践的新发展. [Journal]. Pinlue.com. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2017). Institutional means for governing Arctic fisheries. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2017). Villedende om Russland og sjømatnæringens gullalder. Klassekampen. ISSN 0805-3839. p. 23–23. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2017). Fra kunnskap til handling (paneldeltakelse og - innlegg). Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2017). Arctique. En marge de la conférence Arctic Frontiers, les ressources halieutiques dans le Grand Nord. [Radio]. France-Culture (Radio-France).. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2016). Asia in the Arctic – perceptions, interests, policies. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2016). Existing and Future Niches for the Arctic Council. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2016). Arctic governance. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2016). Holder internasjonal styring tritt med endringstakten i Arktis? Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2016). Internasjonal fordragelighet i nord – overlever den nedkjølingen av øst/vest-forholdet? Full text in Research Archive
• Bekkevold, Jo Inge; Moe, Arild & Stokke, Olav Schram (2016). Kineserne - en trussel? Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2016). Asian states, geopolitical change and Arctic governance. Orbe. ISSN 2183-7511. p. 36–46. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2016). Os Estados Asiáticos, a mudança geopolítica e a governação do Árctico. Orbe. ISSN 2183-7511. 1, p. 47–59. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2015). Det arktiske regimekomplekset og havmiljøforvaltning. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2015). Statsvitenskapelige perspektiver på arktisk styring. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2015). Arctic environmental governance. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2015). Arctic War or Peace? Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2015). The Arctic institutional architecture: The Role of the Arctic Council. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2015). Arctic governance: Keeping pace with Arctic activities? Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2015). Nordområdene – Geopolitisk konflikt eller internasjonal styring? Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2015). Arctic governance: What is it and how can we achieve it? Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2015). Det arktiske regimekomplekset – hvor robust? Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2015). The Arctic policies of Asian States: Drivers of coherence in institutional complexes? Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2015). Geopolitiske endringer i nordområdene. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2015). Arctic Council. In Morin, Jean-Frederic & Orsini, Amandine (Ed.), Essential Concepts of Global Environmental Governance. Routledge. ISSN 9780415822473. p. 7–9. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2014). The promise of involvement. The Circle. ISSN 2073-980X. p. 10–13. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2014). Hva vil kineserne i nordområdene - og hvordan møter vi dem? Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2014). Arctic cooperation and China. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2014). Internasjonale institusjoner og arktisk miljøsikkerhet. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2014). Internasjonal styring i Arktis – et bidrag til ro og sikkerhet? Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2014). Hot topics and knowledge gaps in Arctic resource governance. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2014). Asian states, Arctic governance. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2013). Sectoral approaches to climate negotiations: The case of shipping. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2013). Polhavet i internasjonal politikk. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2013). Asiatene kommer – hvordan møter vi dem? Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2013). Arctic Governance and the Law of the Sea. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2013). Changers and Stabilizers in Arctic Environmental Governance. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2013). Polarforskning om internasjonale forhold – viktige utfordringer. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2013). 北极安全治理、全球合作和中国参与 (Arctic security governance, global cooperation and participation issues). [Journal]. Bulletin of International Studies on the Polar Regions 2 (1). Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2013). Broader Impacts: Oran Young, Institutional Bargaining, and Arctic Governance. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2013). Asian Arctic Aspirations: Impacts on Regional and Global Cooperation. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2013). Climate Change and Environmental Protection. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2013). Asian Stakeholders, Arctic Governance. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2013). Actor Configurations and Compliance Tasks in International Environmental Governance. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2013). Asian Stakes and Arctic Governance. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2012). Trenger bidrag, også fra Kina. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2011). Internasjonale Regimer. In Hovi, Jon & Malnes, Raino Sverre (Ed.), Anarki, makt og normer : Innføring i internasjonal politikk. Abstrakt forlag. ISSN 9788279353171. p. 258–285. Full text in Research Archive
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2010). En indre sirkel i Arktisk Råd? Nordlys. ISSN 0805-5440. Full text in Research Archive

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