Pernille Rieker

• Riddervold, Marianne; Rieker, Pernille & Brøgger, Tine Elisabeth Johnsen (2026). Når EU vil stå på egne ben: Strategisk autonomi og konsekvenser for Norge. Internasjonal Politikk. ISSN 0020-577X. 84(1), s. 24–40. doi: 10.23865/intpol.v84.7668. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  I dag omfatter begrepet strategisk autonomi langt mer enn militær handlefrihet: Det dreier seg om å bygge europeisk resiliens eller motstandskraft på tvers av sektorer – fra forsvarsindustri og romfart til beredskap, energi og økonomisk sikkerhet. Denne artikkelen klargjør hvordan strategisk autonomi forstås i dag og analyserer nyere initiativer som Readiness EU, Preparedness Union og det foreslåtte Competitiveness Fund. Den europeiske forsvars- og sikkerhetsarkitekturen som nå vokser frem, kan forstås som et tett integrert samspill mellom politiske initiativer, finansieringsordninger og operative programmer, som samlet skal styrke Europas strategiske handlingsrom. På den ene siden er en del av EUs politikk å inngå strategiske samarbeid der dette anses hensiktsmessig. På den andre siden er det, når sikkerhet spiller over i andre politikkområder, usikkert om dagens avtalefestede rammer er tilstrekkelige for å sikre norsk deltakelse, innflytelse og markedsadgang. Utviklingen stiller også Norge overfor strategiske dilemmaer mellom avhengighet av USA på den ene siden og tettere samarbeid med et sterkere og mer strategisk autonomt EU på den andre.

• Rieker, Pernille (2025). EU-debattens fravær i Norge: Strategisk stillhet og demokratisk underskudd. Norsk statsvitenskapelig tidsskrift. ISSN 0801-1745. 41(3), s. 106–114. doi: 10.18261/nst.41.3.3. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Artikkelen analyserer fraværet av en politisk debatt om Norges forhold til EU i lys av stortingsvalget 2025 og en dramatisk endret geopolitisk kontekst. Med utgangspunkt i begreper som issue avoidance (Carmines & Stimson, 1980), gag rules (Holmes, 1995) og institutional lock-in (Pierson, 2004), argumenterer forfatteren for at den norske EU-debatten er strategisk og institusjonelt undertrykt snarere enn fraværende på grunn av manglende relevans. Artikkelen viser hvordan det har utviklet seg en politisk norm for taushet etter folkeavstemningene i 1972 og 1994, og hvordan dette har resultert i et demokratisk underskudd i en tid hvor EU i økende grad setter rammene for norsk politikk, inkludert innenfor sikkerhet, digitalisering og beredskap. I kontrast til Sverige og Danmark, som deltar aktivt i den politiske utviklingen av EU, fremstår Norge som en passiv regelmottaker uten reell påvirkningskraft. Det faglige bidraget ligger i å kombinere demokratiteori, institusjonell teori og internasjonal politisk analyse for å forklare hvordan fraværet av EU-debatt undergraver demokratisk legitimitet og politisk ansvarlighet. Artikkelen reiser til slutt et normativt spørsmål: Kan et demokrati sies å fungere tilfredsstillende når et av dets viktigste utenrikspolitiske og sikkerhetspolitiske spørsmål behandles med systematisk stillhet?

• Riddervold, Marianne & Rieker, Pernille (2025). Full (differensiert) fart fremover: EUs utenriks-, forsvars- og sikkerhetspolitikk og implikasjoner for Norge, Hvilket Norge i hvilket Europa?. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 9788202884833. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Rieker, Pernille (2024). Fransk utenrikspolitikk - Grandeur i ord og handling. I Aukrust, Kjerstin & Rieker, Pernille (Red.), Franske tilstander Forstå det moderne Frankrike. Universitetsforlaget. ISSN 9788215067520. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Aukrust, Kjerstin & Rieker, Pernille (2024). Innledning - Frankrike - Paradoksenes land. I Aukrust, Kjerstin & Rieker, Pernille (Red.), Franske tilstander Forstå det moderne Frankrike. Universitetsforlaget. ISSN 9788215067520. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Rieker, Pernille & Gunnarsdottir, Elsa Lilja (2024). Fransk Europapolitikk: Kontinuitet og endring. I Aukrust, Kjerstin & Rieker, Pernille (Red.), Franske tilstander Forstå det moderne Frankrike. Universitetsforlaget. ISSN 9788215067520. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Rieker, Pernille (2024). Bekjempelse av internasjonal terrorisme. I Aukrust, Kjerstin & Rieker, Pernille (Red.), Franske tilstander Forstå det moderne Frankrike. Universitetsforlaget. ISSN 9788215067520. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Rieker, Pernille & Reykers, Yf (2024). Ad hoc coalitions in European security and defence: symptoms of short-term pragmatism, no more? Journal of European Integration. ISSN 0703-6337. 46(6), s. 861–879. doi: 10.1080/07036337.2024.2349608. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Crosson, Dylan Macchiarini; Rieker, Pernille; Stankovic, Tatjana; Blockmans, Steven & Gunnarsdottir, Elsa Lilja (2024). P/CVE policies of Europe and the United States. I Bøås, Morten; Ben-Nun, Gilad; Engel, Ulf & Osland, Kari M. (Red.), Resisting radicalization: exploring the nonoccurrence of violent extremism. Lynne Rienner Publishers. ISSN 9781962551557. doi: 10.1515/9781962551557-013. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Precarious living conditions across the Balkans, the Middle East, and North Africa create fertile ground for radical ideas. Yet, despite genuine grievances and legitimate grounds for anger, most people living in these regions are not radicalized and do not embrace ideas that lead to acts of violent extremism. Which raises the question ... why? To answer this question, the authors of Resisting Radicalization investigate the nonoccurrence of violent extremism in what they term enabling environments. Their work, the result of a multiyear international project, has critical implications for the future of P/CVE (Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism) programs. This book is a result of the EU Horizon 2020 project PREVEX (Preventing Violent Extremism in the Balkans and the MENA: Strengthening Resilience in Enabling Environments). Project number: 870724

• Bolling, Gine Rønne & Rieker, Pernille (2024). Krig i Europa og franske bidrag til europeisk sikkerhet. Internasjonal Politikk. ISSN 0020-577X. 82(3-4), s. 312–323. doi: 10.23865/intpol.v82.6772. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Etter den russiske invasjonen av Ukraina 24. februar 2022 har flere europeiske land måttet revurdere sin sikkerhets- og forsvarspolitikk. Dette gjelder også Frankrike. Selv om endringen i fransk sikkerhet- og forsvarspolitikk ikke representere et regelrett brudd med tidligere politikk, har trusselen fra øst nå fått økt betydning også for fransk forsvarsplanlegging. De viktigste endringene i fransk sikkerhets- og forsvarspolitikk er knyttet til en omlegging av Russlandspolitikken, økning i støtten til Ukraina, og sist, men ikke minst en endret trusselvurdering og en betydelig økning i forsvarsbudsjettene. Med Russland aggresjon og usikkerhet rundt amerikansk langsiktig forpliktelse til europeisk sikkerhet, har Frankrikes fokus på strategisk autonomi også fått bredere støtte blant de europeiske allierte.

• Rieker, Pernille & Riddervold, Marianne (2024). Finally coming of age? EU foreign and security policy after Ukraine. European Security. ISSN 0966-2839. 33(3), s. 497–516. doi: 10.1080/09662839.2024.2376616. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The war on Ukraine is the most severe security crisis that Europe, and the European Union (EU), has faced since World War II. Contrary to what many expected, the EU responded quickly and comprehensively to the Russian invasion. How, if in any way, does the EU’s response to the war on Ukraine suggest that the EU is coming of age in the foreign and security domain? By exploring EU policies and actions across three key maturation processes, our analysis finds that the EU has become a more mature foreign policy actor, in a process that started well before the Russian full scale invasion but has escalated since then. With its broad response to the war on Ukraine, the EU has shown an increased ability to take quick decisions, provide resources and combine various instruments in response to a crisis (increased decision-making ability); it is taking on a clearer foreign olicy role/identity as a principled pragmatist and crisis manager (more stable identity status); and this plays out in its relations with the US, in NATO and lilaterally (more salient and defined relations).

• Rieker, Pernille (2023). Norway – a non-member and active supporter of EU enlargement. I Keading, Michael; Pollak, Johannes & Schmidt, Paul (Red.), Enlargement and the Future of Europe. Springer Nature. ISSN 9783031432330. s. 157–160. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-43234-7_36. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Rieker, Pernille; Riddervold, Marianne & Gunnarsdottir, Elsa Lilja (2023). EUs utenriks- og sikkerhetspolitikk og implikasjoner for Norge. Internasjonal Politikk. ISSN 0020-577X. 81(4), s. 574–587. doi: 10.23865/intpol.v81.6084. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Rieker, Pernille; Riddervold, Marianne & Gunnarsdottir, Elsa Lilja (2023). EUs respons på krigen i Ukraina. I Heier, Tormod (Red.), Krigen i Ukraina. Fagbokforlaget. ISSN 9788245045154. s. 233–253. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Krigen i Ukraina er den største sikkerhetspolitiske krisen Europa og den Europeiske Union (EU) har stått overfor siden andre verdenskrig. Da krigen brøt ut på EUs grenser, ble medlemslandene enige om de første tiltakene i løpet av noen få timer. En fullskala militær invasjon ble oppfattet som så alvorlig at det krevde en rask respons for å tydeliggjøre EUs samlede fordømmelse. Da Russland angrep Ukraina, brøt man med hovedprinsippene for den internasjonale liberale orden, nemlig at et land ikke kan angripe et annet uten grunn. Dette kapittelet gjør rede for hovedtiltakene EU har iverksatt i respons til krigen i Ukraina det første året. Tiltakene er mange, og mange av dem har hatt til hensikt å begrense Russlands evne til å fortsette krigføringen og å gi ulike former for militær, økonomisk og politisk støtte til Ukraina. Andre tiltak har hatt til hensikt å håndtere de mange implikasjonene krigen har hatt – både for EU, Ukraina og globalt. Analysen av EUs respons på krigen i Ukraina viser bredden i EUs virkemidler og hvordan EUs respons på krigen har tydeliggjort Unionens rolle som en sikkerhetspolitisk aktør. Kapitlet gjør også rede for hvordan krigen har ført til en tydeligere arbeidsdeling mellom EU og Nato.

• Rieker, Pernille & Gunnarsdottir, Elsa Lilja (2023). Norge og EU: Betydningen av medlemskap. Internasjonal Politikk. ISSN 0020-577X. 81(4), s. 523–531. doi: 10.23865/intpol.v81.6156. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Reykers, Yf; Karlsrud, John; Brosig, Malte; Hofmann, Stephanie; Maglia, Cristiana & Rieker, Pernille (2023). Ad hoc coalitions in global governance: short-notice, task- and time-specific cooperation. International Affairs. ISSN 0020-5850. 99(2), s. 727–745. doi: 10.1093/ia/iiac319. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Ad hoc coalitions (AHCs) are an indispensable but scantly conceptualized part of global governance. In recent years, several typologies and classifications of global governance arrangements have been provided, mostly differentiating them based on their organizational design features of degree of formality and membership composition. These do not capture AHCs and the role they play in global governance. In this article, we not only provide a conceptualization of AHCs, but also propose ways in which AHCs fit within the broader global governance architecture. We argue that what sets AHCs apart is not so much their (in)formality or membership, but rather their short-notice creation, their task-specific purpose and their temporarily circumscribed existence. We therefore define AHCs as autonomous arrangements with a task-specific mandate established at short notice for a limited time frame. We then develop a research agenda on the nature and future of AHCs, including their short- and long-term relationship with other multilateral arrangements in the global governance architecture. This is important, as we do yet not know how AHCs complement, compete and impact on international organizations and international crisis response.

• Rieker, Pernille & Sverdrup, Ulf (2022). European solidarity in a time of crisis: a Norwegian perspective. I Kaeding, Michael; Pollak, Johannes & Schmidt, Paul (Red.), European Solidarity in Action and the Future of Europe : Views from the Capitals. Springer Publishing Company. ISSN 9783030865368. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-86537-5_36. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Norway has always been an integral part of European cooperation and solidarity. A famous advertising poster related to the Marshall Plan proclaimed, “All our colours to the mast”. The poster portrayed Europe as a ship navigating rough seas on a course away from a dark and threatening sky. The ship’s sails are coloured with the flags of European countries, and the Norwegian flag is flying mid-ship on the port side. The message is clear: Europe can thrive if forces are joined. Today, the issue of European solidarity and cooperation is once again at the top of the European political agenda. The main reason for this is the Covid-19 crisis and the economic and political turbulence the virus has created, but also the issue of migration has brought the issue of solidarity to the forefront. The rescue package that the EU countries agreed upon in 2020 is unique both in terms of size and structure. As a non-member, Norway is not formally a part of this package. But as a closely associated non-member through the EEA agreement and several additional agreements, Norway is still integrated and affected by European dynamics, and also contributes in various ways to European cooperation. A fundamental question relates to the rigging of the sails of Europe this time around. How and to what extent do European solidarity reach beyond the borders of the EU? Will the EU act in solidarity with European non-members, and should non-members act in solidarity with EU members? Moreover, what would count as an act of solidarity or a fair expression of solidarity by members and non-members?

• Rieker, Pernille (2022). Making Sense of the European Side of the Transatlantic Security Relations in Africa. Politics and Governance. 10(2), s. 144–153. doi: 10.17645/pag.v10i2.5048. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This article aims to investigate the character of transatlantic security relations in Africa: How can it be characterized? Have they become weaker or stronger over the past decade? How can this development be explained? As NATO has not yet been heavily engaged on the African continent, it is prudent to study the relations between the EU and the US. Africa has been of concern to the EU (and its member states) for decades due to its geographical closeness and historic bonds. Since 2001, for both Europe and the US, Africa has become a region of increasing security concern due to the threat of international terrorism—for Europe, we can also add the migration concern. The European side of this relationship has also been largely dominated by France, making the transatlantic security cooperation in Africa essentially about French-American relations. As France has taken the lead regarding Europe’s security and defense engagement in Africa, increasingly with the support of other EU member states and associated non-members, this bilateral relationship is more than simply cooperation between two states. By applying a framework that understands EU security and defense policy as a process increasingly characterized as a differentiated and flexible integration under French leadership, the development of the Franco-US security relations in Africa must be understood as an expression of the transatlantic security relations in this region.

• Godzimirski, Jakub M. & Rieker, Pernille (2022). Russia: Norway’s Best Frenemy. I Michael, Keading; Johannes, Pollak & Paul, Schmidt (Red.), Russia and the Future of Europe. Views from the Capitals. Springer. ISSN 9783030956486. s. 149–152. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Norway’s policy towards Russia has so far been guided by three ideas—reassurance, engagement and deterrence. This approach has been determined by four structural factors. The first is the geographical proximity—the two countries share a 198 km long border in the High North. The second is the obvious disparity of potentials—in territorial terms Norway is a mid-size, European country with 5.4 million inhabitants, while Russia’s territory stretches over 10 time zones and its population is almost 30 times bigger than Norway’s. The third is historical experience shaping perception of Russia. Russia is viewed as both an important regional partner with whom one needs to work together in addressing common challenges and a possible source of strategic threat to Norway. Fourth and finally, the economic relationship is also influenced by the fact that both countries are important energy producers and exporters, which puts some limits on their trade, despite the geographical proximity. While the first two factors are undeniable facts, the next two may change, although they have proved to be relatively stable. In the following chapter we will reflect over current trends in both the political and economic relationships between the two countries as well as the perceptions of Russia among Norwegians.

• Rieker, Pernille (2022). Making sense of the European side of transatlantic security relations in Africa. Politics and Governance. 10(2), s. 144–153. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Rieker, Pernille & Riddervold, Marianne (2021). Not so unique after all? Urgency and norms in EU foreign and security policy. Journal of European Integration. ISSN 0703-6337. doi: 10.1080/07036337.2021.1977293. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The EU Global Strategy puts ‘principled pragmatism’ at the core of EU foreign and security policy. This has also been promoted as away of closing the gap between talk and action. Still, the concept has been widely criticized and interpreted as away of making the Union’s ‘organized hypocrisy’ less glaring. By exploring key EU foreign and security policy strategies and policies implemented over the past decade, this article suggests that a certain pattern for when the EU acts normatively and when it acts strategically can be identified. While the overall ambition is still to promote a more normative policy, also when it comes at a considerable economic cost, there is a limit to how it is willing to go. Evidence suggests that when faced with a situation perceived as urgent, the EU becomes more prone to implement policies that are at odds with its own principles.

• Rieker, Pernille & Gjerde, Kristian Lundby (2021). The potential and limits of EU crisis response. I Ginty, Roger Mac; Pogodda, Sandra & Richmond, Oliver P. (Red.), The EU and crisis response. Manchester University Press. ISSN 9781526148353. doi: 10.7765/9781526148346.00010. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The aim of this chapter is to identify the potential and limits of the EU’s external crisis response. Rather than focusing on the character of the EU as a foreign policy actor, it concentrates on the EU toolbox or repertoire applied in EU missions and activities in various external crises and conflicts in the near and extended neighbourhood, and also how the Union’s activities are perceived by local stakeholders. A key question is whether there is a match or mismatch between EU intentions, the implementation, and the perceptions of local stakeholders. The analysis in this article draws on both a series of qualitative case studies and a quantitative analysis of a large number of EU documents and statements. This mixed method has enabled us to explore the EU’s crisis response repertoire systematically and from various angles.

• Rieker, Pernille & Blockmans, Steven (2021). The EU's comprehensive response to out of area crises: Plugging the capability-expectations gap. I Riddervold, Marianne; Trondal, Jarle & Newsome, Akasemi (Red.), The Palgrave Handbook of EU Crises. Palgrave Macmillan. ISSN 9783030517908. s. 585–602. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Since adopting a “comprehensive approach” to crisis management in 2013, the EU has spent considerable time and energy on streamlining its approach. Recently, we have also seen a terminological shift from “comprehensive” to “integrated,” indicating an expansion of the approach beyond the development–security nexus to encompass the commitment to the synergistic use of all tools available at all stages of the conflict cycle. It also recognises the need to overcome the EU’s own legal, institutional and budgetary internal/external dichotomies that have troubled a truly joined-up approach in the past. But has this change improved the Union’s capacity to act? Drawing on institutional theory, this article analyses whether the EU has the administrative capacities needed in order to be an effective actor in this area.

• Rieker, Pernille (2021). Differentiated Defence Integration Under French Leadership. European Foreign Affairs Review. ISSN 1384-6299. 26(Special Issue), s. 111–126. doi: 10.54648/EERR2021029. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Studies dealing with EU security and defence policy tend to focus exclusively on what is formally included in the Union’s Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP). Other initiatives taken outside this framework are frequently seen potentially undermining the development of EU defence – even when the intention is to strengthen defence capacity. This has been the case with the various initiatives taken within or closely linked to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), as well as the recent French approach involving the European Intervention Initiative (EI2). An alternative perspective is to see these as integrated parts of a more flexible and differentiated European security framework where all these initiatives combined contribute to strengthening European defence capacity. Building on the argument presented in the introduction to this Special Issue, this article argues that France, as a leader in promoting ‘l’Europe de la défense’, has been instrumental in promoting this differentiated approach to European defence integration, especially under the Macron presidency.

• Rieker, Pernille (2021). Politique africaine et méditerranéenne de la France : vers une réinvention de l’exceptionnalisme ? I Charillon, Frédéric (Red.), La France dans le monde. CNRS Editions. ISSN 9782271136053. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Puissance globale ou acteur européen ? Référence culturelle mondiale ou nation oubliée ? Le rang de la France dans le monde, ainsi que sa marge de manœuvre, posent aujourd’hui de nombreuses questions. Les bouleversements géopolitiques récents, comme la montée en puissance de l’Asie, le Brexit ou le développement de populismes illibéraux, impliquent la redéfinition de l’action extérieure de la France. Du couple franco-allemand à l’alliance atlantique, en passant par le rapport aux Suds marqué par l’héritage colonial, c’est toute la relation de la France à ses voisins plus ou moins proches qui est étudiée ici. Les instruments à sa disposition sont aussi passés au crible : l’outil diplomatique, la compétence militaire, bien sûr, mais aussi la promotion de son modèle laïc. Un livre pour mieux comprendre et penser le rôle international de la France, adapté aux temps qui viennent.

• Rieker, Pernille (2021). Differentiated Integration and Europe’s Global Role: A Conceptual Framework. European Foreign Affairs Review. ISSN 1384-6299. 26(Special Issue), s. 1–14. doi: 10.54648/EERR2021023. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  In a time of global challenges, rising geopolitical tensions and a weakening of the traditional trans-Atlantic security community, we can expect pressures for Europe to play a more important role in the world. Various initiatives have been taken to strengthen the role of the European Union (EU), but there are also tendencies towards a more complex European governance structure in the making, characterized by a combination of both EU and non-EU (but still European) initiatives. This introductory article presents a framework for studying a European role that includes initiatives taken within and outside the EU framework, but closely interlinked, indicating that the concept of differentiated integration (DI) may help to clarify Europe’s role in a changing and volatile global context.

• Rieker, Pernille; Shapiro, Jeremy; Dobbins, James; Preiherman, Yauheni & Zagorski, Andrei (2019). Regional Security Architecture. I Shapiro, Jeremy; Drennan, John; Sharap, Samuel; Chalyi, Oleksandr; Krumm, Reinhard; Nikitina, Yulia & Sasse, Gwendolyn (Red.), A Consensus Proposal for a Revised Regional Order in Post-Soviet Europe and Eurasia. Rand Corporation. ISSN 9781977403612. s. 9–30. doi: 10.7249/CF410. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Svendsen, Øyvind & Rieker, Pernille (2019). Spin-off av EØS? Norge og europeisk utenriks-, sikkerhets- og forsvarssamarbeid. Internasjonal Politikk. ISSN 0020-577X. 77(4), s. 378–387. doi: 10.23865/intpol.v77.1890. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Rieker, Pernille & Blockmans, Steven (2019). Plugging the capability-expectations gap: towards effective, comprehensive and conflict-sensitive EU crisis response? European Security. ISSN 0966-2839. 28(1), s. 1–21. doi: 10.1080/09662839.2018.1562444. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Since the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty in 2009, the European Union (EU) has spent considerable time and energy on defining and refining its comprehensive approach to external conflicts. The knock-on effects of new and protracted crises, from the war in Ukraine to the multi-faceted armed conflicts in the Sahel and the wider Middle East, have made the improvement of external crisis-response capacities a top priority. But has the EU has managed to plug the capability–expectations gap, and develop an effective, comprehensive and conflict sensitive crisis-response capability? Drawing on institutional theory and an approach developed by March and Olsen, this article analyses whether the EU has the administrative capacities needed in order to be an effective actor in this area and implement a policy in line with the established goals and objectives identified in its comprehensive approach.

• Batora, Jozef & Rieker, Pernille (2018). EU-Supported Reforms in the EU Neighbourhood as Organized Anarchies: The Case of Post-Maidan Ukraine. Journal of European Integration. ISSN 0703-6337. 40(4), s. 461–478. doi: 10.1080/07036337.2018.1467412. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  How does the EU and its member states organize their support for reforms in the countries of the EU Neighbourhood? Building on organization theory research on reforms as sets of loosely coupled ‘garbage can’ processes, we conceptualize the ENP induced reform processes as an organized framework connecting the reform capacities of not only the EU institutions but also EU member-state governments. We apply this approach to Ukraine in the post-Maidan period. We focus on the interplay between EU-level reform capacities and the capacities of two member states highly active in Ukraine, namely Germany and Sweden. As this case illustrates, the current approach provides a complementary perspective to mainstream approaches to the study of the EU’s external governance as it offers partial explanations of how organizational processes may impact on the efficiency of reforms promoted by the EU and its member states in the neighbouring countries.

• Rieker, Pernille (2018). French status seeking in a changing world. Taking on the role as the guardian of the liberal order. French Politics. ISSN 1476-3419. 16(4), s. 419–438. doi: 10.1057/s41253-018-0078-5. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haugevik, Kristin M. & Rieker, Pernille (2017). Autonomy or integration? Small-state responses to a changing European security landscape. Global Affairs. ISSN 2334-0460. doi: 10.1080/23340460.2017.1377625. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  In this special issue, we examine whether there is a pattern in how small European states, inside and outside of the European Union (EU), adapt and adjust to EU foreign and security policy. We assess selected European small states’ room for manoeuvre within these fields, and within EU institutional structures more broadly, as part of everyday diplomatic interactions in Brussels and in the context of the rotating EU presidency. As the European integration process enters a new phase, possibly marked by a trend of more differentiated integration and flexibility of individual attachments, small states will continue to face the choice between formal autonomy and integration, and between de facto hesitance and adaptability. With Brexit, the remaining large states may become more influential, but small states will collectively have a majority of the votes and total population. Perhaps the coming era of European integration will become the era of small states.

• Rieker, Pernille (2017). Outsidership and the European Neighbourhood Policy. The case of Norway. Global Affairs. ISSN 2334-0460. doi: 10.1080/23340460.2017.1410720. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This paper examines how and to what extent Norway adapts to and is affected by the European Union’s policy towards its neighbours in the East. In line with the overall topic of the special issue, it investigates how Norway handles its ‘outsidership’ when formulating its policies towards Union’s Eastern partner countries that have signed Association Agreements with the EU (Ukraine, Georgia and Moldova). While Norway is not an EU member, it is still highly integrated in to most of the Union’s policy areas. It even has the habit of signing up to most of the EU’s declarations on foreign policy. However, the European Neighbourhood Policy is one of the policy areas where Norway is not participating. This means that it has the liberty to choose a different approach than the EU in its bilateral relations with these countries. Thus, this paper investigates what kind of balance Norway seeks between autonomy and integration in relation to the ENP partner countries. As this article shows, Norway seem to align itself to the policies of the EU also in this area, sometimes even without the Norwegian officials being fully aware of the extent to which this is happening.

• Rieker, Pernille & Bremberg, Niklas (2016). Security Community-Building in Times of Crisis: Morocco, the ENP, and Practices of Mutual Responsiveness. I Rieker, Pernille (Red.), External Governance as Security Community Building. The Limits and Potential of the European Neighbourhood Policy / Pernille Rieker, redaktør. Palgrave Macmillan. ISSN 9781137561695. s. 107–134. doi: 10.1057/978-1-137-56169-5_5. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Rieker, Pernille (2016). Comparisons and Conclusions. I Rieker, Pernille (Red.), External Governance as Security Community Building. The Limits and Potential of the European Neighbourhood Policy / Pernille Rieker, redaktør. Palgrave Macmillan. ISSN 9781137561695. s. 187–204. doi: 10.1057/978-1-137-56169-5_8. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Rieker, Pernille (2016). Introduction: The European Neighbourhood Policy: An Instrument for Security Community-Building. I Rieker, Pernille (Red.), External Governance as Security Community Building. The Limits and Potential of the European Neighbourhood Policy / Pernille Rieker, redaktør. Palgrave Macmillan. ISSN 9781137561695. s. 1–18. doi: 10.1057/978-1-137-56169-5_1. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Rieker, Pernille (2016). EU performance as a Regional Security actor: Comparing ENP south to NATO’s MENA policy. I Peters, Ingo (Red.), The European Union's Foreign Policy in Comparative Perspective. Beyond the 'actorness and power' debate. Routledge. ISSN 9781138776708. s. 121–141. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Rieker, Pernille & Gjerde, Kristian Lundby (2016). The EU, Russia and the potential for dialogue – Different readings of the crisis in Ukraine. European Security. ISSN 0966-2839. 25(3), s. 304–325. doi: 10.1080/09662839.2016.1186013. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Recent developments in European security have shown the growing need for a better understanding of the security dynamics on the European continent. This article presents an analysis of differing Russian and European perceptions of European security in general, and concerning the crisis in Ukraine in particular. As much of the literature on these issues has been normatively driven, we aim to provide an impartial presentation and analysis of the dominant Russian and EU discourses. This we see as essential for investigating the potential for constructive dialogue between Russia and the EU. If simplistic assumptions about the motivations and intentions of other actors take hold in the public debate and policy analyses, the main actors may be drawn into a logic that is ultimately dangerous or counterproductive. With this article we offer a modest contribution towards discouraging such a development in Russia–EU relations. After presenting an analysis of the differing EU and Russian perceptions, we discuss the potential for dialogue between such different worldviews, and reflect on potential implications for European security. As the article shows, there are tendencies of a certain adjustment in the Union’s approach that may make a partial rapprochement between the two sides more likely.

• Braut-Hegghammer, Målfrid & Rieker, Pernille (2015). Libya: The promise and pitfalls of diplomacy. I Rieker, Pernille & Thune, Finn Henrik (Red.), Dialogue and Conflict resolution - The potential and limits of dialogue as a tool for conflict resolution. Ashgate. ISSN 9781472438836. s. 125–142. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

Se alle arbeider i NVA

• Aukrust, Kjerstin & Rieker, Pernille (2024). Franske tilstander Forstå det moderne Frankrike. Universitetsforlaget. ISBN 9788215067520. 376 s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Rieker, Pernille & Giske, Mathilde Tomine Eriksdatter (2024). European Actorness in a Shifting Geopolitical Order. European Strategic Autonomy Through Differentiated Integration. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9783031445460. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This is an open access book. Over the past decade, the global geopolitical context has changed significantly, with a geopolitical power shift and a more assertive Russia and China. With the unprovoked Russian invasion of Ukraine, European security has been put on high alert. The implications of the Russian military invasion are many and difficult to grasp in full. But the need for greater European strategic autonomy appears increasingly evident. But how can this be achieved in the short run? The answer to this question is often that it is impossible and that this can only be achieved in the long run. The aim of this book is to present a different perspective. It aims at showing that it should be possible to make the most out of the current European system if we adjust our understanding of how it works. The book argues that strategic autonomy may be reached—also in the short run—if differentiated integration is seen as an asset rather than a challenge. While the EU remains the core in such a system (together with NATO in the military domain), there is a multitude of other (bilateral and minilateral) regional and sub-regional integration processes that need to be taken into account to get the full idea of how European strategic autonomy can be achieved. This book starts by presenting a theoretical framework for how to study European actorness beyond the EU, then this framework will be applied both to the development towards the EU as a foreign policy actor through the mechanisms of enlargement.

• Rieker, Pernille (2017). French Foreign Policy in a Changing World. Practising Grandeur. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9783319552699. 180 s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This book investigates how modern French foreign policy is practiced. France finds its traditional power status challenged by internal as well as external developments. Internally, it faces societal challenges related to unemployment, integration, social exclusion, Islamist terrorism and the rise of populism. Externally, its status is challenged by global and regional developments – including the financial crises, competition from emerging states, EU enlargement and a more powerful Germany. While the French recognise that they no longer have great-power economic or military power capacities, the conviction of the universal value of French civilization and culture remains strong. As this book argues, for France to be able to punch above its weight in international politics, it must effectively promote the value of ‘French universalism’ and culture. This study investigates how this is reflected in modern French foreign policy by examining foreign policy practices towards selected regions/countries and in relation to external and internal security. Written by a senior researcher specializing in French and EU foreign and security policy, this book will be an invaluable resource for practitioners of foreign policy and students of French politics, international relations and European studies.

• Rieker, Pernille (2016). External Governance as Security Community Building. The Limits and Potential of the European Neighbourhood Policy / Pernille Rieker, redaktør. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9781137561695. 218 s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Rieker, Pernille & Thune, Finn Henrik (2015). Dialogue and Conflict resolution - The potential and limits of dialogue as a tool for conflict resolution. Ashgate. ISBN 9781472438836. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

Se alle arbeider i NVA

• Rieker, Pernille; Riddervold, Marianne; Leiren, Merethe Dotterud; Fossum, John Erik; Time, Martin Stangborli & Rosen, Guri (2026). Norge og EØS i endring. Når EØS blir utilstrekkelig. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Mogherini, Federica; Rieker, Pernille; Kravik, Andreas Motzfeldt & Søreide, Ine Marie Eriksen (2025). Federica Mogherini on the most difficult times we could imagine. doi: https:/www.sv.uio.no/arena/english/research/news-and-events/podcast/episodes/arena-europa-federica-mogherini.mp3?vrtx=view-as-webpage. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  How are new security threats influencing Europe? And how is international cooperation and peace the pragmatic solution? Federica Mogherini is former High Representative of the EU for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, now Rector at the College of Europe.

• Rieker, Pernille; Varteressian, Maria & Stave, Tyra Kristiansen (2025). Hva vil Arbeiderpartiet med EU og EØS? Med Maria Varteressian. doi: https:/www.sv.uio.no/arena/english/research/news-and-events/podcast/episodes/arena-europa-varteressian.mp3?vrtx=view-as-webpage. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Hvordan vil den nye regjeringen jobbe for å sikre Norges interesser i Brussel? Og hva er begrensingene i EØS-avtalen? I denne episoden møter du Maria Varteressian, statssekretær i Utenriksdepartementet.

• Rieker, Pernille; Wong, Reuben & Stave, Tyra Kristiansen (2025). Is there a future for EU-China cooperation? With Reuben Wong. doi: https:/www.sv.uio.no/arena/english/research/news-and-events/podcast/episodes/arena-europa-reuben-wong.mp3?vrtx=view-as-webpage. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Has Donald Trump’s proposed tariffs strengthened the relationship between Europe and China? And how does the Russian invasion of Ukraine play into this relationship? In this episode, meet Reuben Wong, Deputy Head of the Political Science Department at the National University of Singapore.

• Rieker, Pernille; Jones, Erik & Stave, Tyra Kristiansen (2025). Europe and the US after Trump with Erik Jones. doi: https:/www.sv.uio.no/arena/english/research/news-and-events/podcast/episodes/arena-europa-jones.mp3?vrtx=view-as-webpage. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Uncertainty, disappointment and betrayal define European-American relations after Donald Trump came into office in the US. Why was Europe not prepared for a second term of Trump? What does the future of the trade and security relationship look like?

• Rieker, Pernille; Leiren, Merethe Dotterud & Stave, Tyra Kristiansen (2025). Strøm, klimapolitikk og EU med Merethe Dotterud Leiren. doi: https:/www.sv.uio.no/arena/english/research/news-and-events/podcast/episodes/arena-europa-leiren.mp3?vrtx=view-as-webpage. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Hvordan er Norge knyttet til EUs kraftmarked? Hvorfor er strømspørsmålet så kontroversielt i Norge? Og hvem tjener på energisamarbeidet? I denne episoden møter du Merethe Dotterud Leiren, forskningsleder ved CICERO og seniorforsker ved ARENA Senter for europaforskning.

• Rieker, Pernille; Neumann, Iver Brynild & Stave, Tyra Kristiansen (2025). Nasjonalisme, Nato og den liberale verdensorden med Iver Neumann. doi: https:/www.sv.uio.no/arena/english/research/news-and-events/podcast/episodes/arena-europa-iver-neumann.mp3?vrtx=view-as-webpage. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  USA har brukt mange år på å støtte den liberale verdensorden, og har gitt Europa en sikkerhetsgaranti gjennom Nato. Når Donald Trump har blitt president i USA, hvordan ser forholdet mellom USA og Europa ut? Hva skjer med verdiene internasjonalt samarbeid er tuftet på? Og betyr det noe hvem som styrer et land?

• Rieker, Pernille; Parsons, Craig Alexander & Stave, Tyra Kristiansen (2025). The Single Market, Tariffs and Trump with Craig Parsons. doi: https:/www.sv.uio.no/arena/english/research/news-and-events/podcast/episodes/europa-arena-craig-parsons.mp3?vrtx=view-as-webpage. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  How does the flow of goods, services and people work in the US and Europe? What do people in the US and Europe think about how the internal markets are governed? And how are tariffs on trade likely to affect the two markets? In this episode, Pernille Rieker, Centre Director at ARENA Centre for European Studies at the University of Oslo interviews Craig Parsons. He is professor at the University of Oregon and senior researcher at ARENA where he leads the project The Politics of European and American Single-Market Governance (SINGLEMARKETS) at ARENA.

• Leine, Jan Erlend & Rieker, Pernille (2025). Korleis vert ein medlem i EU? doi: https:/radio.nrk.no/podkast/ekko_-_et_aktuelt_samfunnsprogram/sesong/202503/l_f72f2e78-2128-44c9-af2e-78212844c935. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Vi ser på korleis ein blir medlem i EU, fordelar og ulemper, og moglegheitene for å bli medlem raskt dersom det er krise.

• Rieker, Pernille; Riddervold, Marianne & Garbo, Gro Lien (2025). Når USA ikke er til å stole på, må Norge lene seg på Europa. doi: https:/www.sv.uio.no/arena/forskning/aktuelt/aktuelle-saker/2025/universitetspodden-rieker-riddervold.html. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Kriger, kriser og en uforutsigbarhet USA krever at Europa får langt mer ansvar for egen sikkerhet enn før. Det gjør det mer krevende for Norge å stå utenfor EU.

• Rieker, Pernille; Søreide, Ine Marie Eriksen; Kravik, Andreas Motzfeldt & Mogherini, Federica (2025). The ARENA Lecture 2025: Federica Mogherini on the EU in a world of rivalry. doi: https:/www.uio.no/english/about/news-and-events/university-square/domus-bibliotheca/events/2025/arena-lecture-2025. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  How is the EU dealing with new security threats and changes to the geopolitical landscape and international order?

• Rieker, Pernille; Fossum, John Erik; Trondal, Jarle; Søreide, Ine Marie Eriksen; Leiren, Merethe Dotterud & Riddervold, Marianne [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). Hvilket Norge i hvilket Europa? doi: https:/www.uio.no/om/aktuelt/universitetsplassen/domus-bibliotheca/arrangementer/2025/hvilket-norge-i-hvilket-europa. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Arrangementet tok utgangspunkt i boken «Hvilket Norge i hvilket Europa?» som ble utgitt av Cappelen Damm i 2025. Boken er redigert av John Erik Fossum (UiO/ARENA) og Jarle Trondal (ARENA/UiA), og med bidrag fra Arild Aurvåg Farsund (UiB), Merethe Dotterud Leiren (CICERO), Arne Melchior (NUPI), Marianne Riddervold (ARENA/NUPI), Pernille Rieker (ARENA/NUPI), Johanne Døhlie Saltnes (ARENA), og Ulf Sverdrup (BI).

• Rieker, Pernille; Rosen, Guri; Svendsen, Øyvind; Eide, Espen Barth & Alstadheim, Kjetil B. (2025). Trump og geopolitisk tilspissing: Hva betyr det nye EU for Norge? doi: https:/www.sv.uio.no/arena/forskning/aktuelt/arrangementer/arendalsuka/arendalsuka-2025-eu-norge.html. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Under Arendalsuka 2025 inviterte ARENA, i samarbeid med NUPI, til debatten «Trump og geopolitisk tilspissing: Hva betyr det nye EU for Norge?». Pernille Rieker, senterleder ved ARENA Senter for europaforskning, forklarte at EU har utviklet seg til å bli en geopolitisk aktør. Det er ikke noe nytt som kun har skjedd de siste årene, men det russiske angrepet på Ukraina har vært et vendepunkt.

• Rieker, Pernille (2025). Europeisk sikkerhet krever alle verktøy i verktøykassen. doi: https:/www.aftenposten.no/meninger/debatt/i/Oo26v3/europeisk-sikkerhet-krever-alle-verktoey-i-verktoeykassen. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  De fleste av Norges nærmeste allierte i Europa ser nå på EU som en naturlig del av sin sikkerhetsstrategi. Det er på tide at man innser det også her i landet.

• Rieker, Pernille (2025). Norges sikkerhet er uløselig knyttet til et sterkt og samlet Europa. doi: https:/www.aftenposten.no/meninger/kronikk/i/RznwAa/norges-sikkerhet-er-uloeselig-knyttet-til-et-sterkt-og-samlet-europa. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Nato og EU tilbyr til sammen et europeisk totalforsvar. I Norge har man valgt å være med på kun en del av dette.

• Rieker, Pernille (2025). EU-medlemskap blir stadig viktigere for Norge. doi: https:/www.aftenposten.no/meninger/debatt/i/lwyBXe/eu-blir-stadig-viktigere-for-norge. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Når USA beveger seg i en mer autoritær retning, blir EU et stadig viktigere ankerfeste også for Norge. Å hevde at sikkerhetspolitiske hensyn tilsier at Norge bør stå utenfor EU, lar seg vanskelig forsvare faglig.

• Rieker, Pernille; Davis, Mai'a K. & Stave, Tyra Kristiansen (2025). The EU’s planetary grand strategy with Mai’a Cross. doi: https:/www.sv.uio.no/arena/english/research/news-and-events/podcast/episodes/arena-europa-maia-cross.mp3?vrtx=view-as-webpage. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  How does Europe work to safeguard the future of humanity? Mai’a Cross, Dean’s Professor at Northeastern University, emphasises the need for strategies with a long-term perspective.

• Rieker, Pernille (2025). Norway and Transatlantic Relations: From Predictability to Uncertainty. I Kaeding, Michael; Pollak, Johannes & Schmidt, Paul (Red.), The United States and the Future of Europe. Springer Nature Switzerland. ISSN 9783031833496. s. 175–178. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The relationship between Norway and the U.S. has deep historical roots. This strong transatlantic bond has resulted in economic cooperation, investments and strategic collaboration. However, today’s geopolitical landscape is shifting. The U.S. is reorienting itself towards the Pacific region, creating uncertainty around future security guarantees for Europe and Norway. At the same time, Norway is closely linked to the EU through the EEA agreement and there is an increasing need to balance transatlantic relations with closer cooperation within Europe.

• Arnesen, Finn; Hammersvik, Simen; Johansen, Stian Øby; Fredriksen, Halvard Haukeland & Rieker, Pernille (2025). Stortingsvalget og EØS. doi: https:/www.uio.no/om/aktuelt/universitetsplassen/domus-bibliotheca/arrangementer/2025/eos-i-sentrum-stortingsvalget-og-eos. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Hva vil politikerne med EØS-avtalen etter valget, og hva kan partienes EØS-politikk bety for oss velgere? Norges forhold til EU har blitt viktigere enn før. Likevel er det mer uklart enn på lenge hva partiene på Stortinget mener om den største og viktigste avtalen mellom Norge og EU. Har vi noen alternativer til EØS? Fungerer EØS-avtalen godt nok? Er Norge “flinkest i klassen” til å gjennomføre EØS-regler eller har vi strukket EU-strikken for langt? Til å ta diskusjonen har vi satt sammen to panel; Politikerpanel: Maria Varteressian (Ap), Statssekretær UD Heidi Nordby Lunde (H), stortingsrepresentant Grunde Almeland, (V), stortingsrepresentant Synne Lerhol, (SP), 1. kandidat Oslo Ordstyrer: Finn Arnesen, EURNOR   Ekspertpanel: Halvard Haukeland Fredriksen, UiB/CENTENOL Pernille Rieker, ARENA Varg Folkman, European Policy Centre Stian Øby Johansen, EURNOR Ordstyrer: Simen Hammersvik, EURNOR

• Aukrust, Kjerstin; Orban, Franck & Rieker, Pernille (2024). Episode 109: Franske tilstander. Forstå det moderne Frankrike. Med Pernille Rieker. [Internet]. Frankrike forklart. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Aukrust, Kjerstin & Rieker, Pernille (2024). Paris-OL og franske tilstander. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Szulecki, Kacper; Bojarski, Lukasz; Rieker, Pernille & Stanley, Ben (2023). Polish elections – what’s left of the liberal order? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Reykers, Yf & Rieker, Pernille (2023). European ad hoc military coalitions: what is in it for the EU? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Reykers, Yf & Rieker, Pernille (2023). European ad hoc military coalitions: what is in it for the EU? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Aukrust, Kjerstin & Rieker, Pernille (2022). Hvem vinner det franske valget? Civita-debatt. [Internet]. https://civita.no/arrangement/hvem-vinner-det-franske-valget. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Rieker, Pernille & Knutsen, Bjørn Olav Haram (2022). Slik påvirker Ukraina-krigen europeisk sikkerhetspolitikk. [Internet]. FFI-podkasten "Ugradert". Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  "Russlands invasjon av Ukraina markerte et skille i europeisk historie. I denne episoden av Ugradert snakker vi med sjefsforsker ved FFI, Bjørn Olav Knutsen, og forsker ved Norsk utenrikspolitisk institutt (Nupi) Pernille Rieker."

• Aukrust, Kjerstin & Rieker, Pernille (2022). Hvem vinner det franske valget? [Radio]. Debatt i P2. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Reykers, Yf; Karlsrud, John; Brosig, Malte; Hofmann, Stephanie; Maglia, Cristiana & Rieker, Pernille (2022). Ad hoc coalitions in global governance: a conceptual framework. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Reykers, Yf; Karlsrud, John; Brosig, Malte; Hofmann, Stephanie; Maglia, Cristiana & Rieker, Pernille (2022). Ad hoc coalitions in global governance: a conceptual framework. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Reykers, Yf; Karlsrud, John; Brosig, Malte; Hofmann, Stephanie; Maglia, Cristiana & Rieker, Pernille (2022). Ad hoc coalitions in global governance: a conceptual framework. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Rieker, Pernille & Giske, Mathilde E. (2021). European defence beyond institutional boundaries: Improved European defence through flexibility, differentiation and coordination. NUPI Policy Brief. s. 1–4. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  As a response to the changing geopolitical situation, initiatives aimed to strengthen European defence have been taken in NATO, in the EU, but also bi- and multilaterally between EU member states and associated non-members, such as Norway. This policy brief argues that all these processes must be taken into account when we want to measure the full security and defence capacity of Europe. Rather than a sign of fragmentation, they are preparing the ground for a new European defence architecture, characterised by a high degree of flexibility, which in the end may be better adapted to the current security context. To maximalise the effect of this differentiated defence architecture, however, a certain coordination between the different initiatives is needed. There is now a window of opportunity for such coordination, as two key processes are now running in parallel: the development of a new “strategic concept” for NATO and the development of a “Strategic Compass” in the EU. If this succeeds, we can hope for the development of a more flexible and capable European defence.

• Reykers, Yf; Karlsrud, John; Brosig, Malte; Hofmann, Stephanie; Maglia, Cristiana & Rieker, Pernille (2021). Ad hoc coalitions in global governance: a conceptual framework. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Reykers, Yf; Karlsrud, John; Brosig, Malte; Hofmann, Stephanie; Maglia, Cristiana & Rieker, Pernille (2021). Ad hoc coalitions in global governance: a conceptual framework. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Reykers, Yf; Karlsrud, John; Brosig, Malte; Hofmann, Stephanie; Maglia, Cristiana & Rieker, Pernille (2021). Ad hoc coalitions and institutional exploitation in international security: towards a typology. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Rieker, Pernille (2020). Frankrikes Europa-politikk gir muligheter for Norge. s. 36–36. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Om man ønsker et EU som evner å verne om verdiene det europeiske samarbeidet bygger på ja, da må EU styrkes. Dette er hovedbudskapet i den nye franske europapolitikken. Og det burde Norge støtte opp under, selv om vi ikke er EU-medlem.

• Rieker, Pernille (2020). Norway – optimising EU non-membership to maximise mutual European added value. European Court of Auditors Journal. ISSN 1831-449X. 2020(3), s. 161–164. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Several countries outside the European Union have cooperation agreements with the EU that integrate them more or less into European projects of their choice. One of the ‘third’ countries most integrated into EU activities and EU regulations is Norway. What motivates the Norwegians - whose country would easily qualify for EU membership in all respects - to opt for very far-reaching cooperation, while choosing not to have a full say in all the rules and regulations that such cooperation involves? Pernille Rieker is Research Professor at the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs, specialised in European integration and European foreign and security policy. In this article she explains how the search for European added value brings Norway very close to EU membership, and why the country chooses to go no further.

• Rieker, Pernille (2018). Internasjonal politikk og betydningen av statsledernes personlige lederstil. Internasjonal Politikk. ISSN 0020-577X. 76(3), s. 235–240. doi: 10.23865/intpol.v76.1465. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Sverdrup, Ulf; Haugevik, Kristin M.; Melchior, Arne & Rieker, Pernille (2017). Mini-seminar om Brexit. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Rieker, Pernille (2017). Frankrikes rolle i EU etter Brexit. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Rieker, Pernille (2017). Hvem blir Frankrikes neste President? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Rieker, Pernille (2017). europeisk sikkerhet og samarbeid i turbulente tider. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Rieker, Pernille (2016). Autonomy or Adaptation? Norwegian approach to the ENP partner countries int he East. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Rieker, Pernille (2016). EU and crisis response – a need for a bottom up approach. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Rieker, Pernille (2016). Inequality and marginality in EU-Morocco relations: The Neighborhood policy. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Rieker, Pernille (2016). The EU crisis response so far - often too little, always too late? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Steuer, Clement & Rieker, Pernille (2023). Food security in the context of the war in Ukraine. NUPI og IIR. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Daniel, Jan; Jakobsen, Eskil & Rieker, Pernille (2023). Czech and Norwegian perspectives on resilience in a post-invasion of Ukraine context. NUPI og IIR. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Rieker, Pernille (2022). Europeanisation of Norwegian security and defence policy Nordic cooperation as vehicle. Norsk Utenrikspolitisk Institutt. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  With Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, European security has been placed on high alert, highlighting the importance of both the EU and NATO as key, although different, regional security actors. As the election of a more isolationist president in the US again in 2024 or 2028 cannot be excluded, boosting European security and defence should be a key objective for both Norway and its European allies. Such a Europeanisation should be seen as an add-on to Norway’s NATO membership, but should imply a more serious investment in various initiatives taken by the EU and key EU-member states (France and Germany), in addition to those taken by the UK. Europeanisation of Norwegian security and defence policy Nordic cooperation as vehicle Pernille Rieker Strengthening Nordic security and defence cooperation should also be seen as a vehicle for a much-needed Europeanisation of Norwegian security and defence policy. With Sweden and Finland now entering NATO and Denmark returning to the EU’s Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP), the potential for Nordic security cooperation as a means to this end has never been greater.

• Rieker, Pernille & Cross, Mai’a K. Davis (2019). 50 Years After the Moon Landing: Why Europe Should Lead the Next 50. Norsk Utenrikspolitisk Institutt. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  50 years since the first astronauts stepped foot on the moon, it would be easy to be complacent about human space exploration today. After all, humans have not ventured out of low-earth orbit since 1972. Achievements in space since the Apollo missions have flown under the radar for most of the regular public. However, the world is actually in a very different place now than it was 50 years ago, when the Soviet Union and United States were the sole spacefaring powers. Today, 72 countries have space programs, 14 have launch capability, and six have highly developed space capabilities (China, Europe, India, Japan, the US, and Russia). Space agencies, private commercial entities, international organizations, amateur space enthusiasts, multi-national corporations, and public-private partnerships comprise the diverse landscape of actors involved in space today. The total global space economy is estimated to be well over $383.5 billion.1 In particular, the European space industry is one of the largest in the world, and contributes around €53-62 billion to the European economy. Manufacturing is a significant part of this, with European companies producing around one-third of the world’s satellites.2 Within 10 years, it is expected that there will be a thriving low-earth orbit eco-system, space tourism, a permanent moon base, and shortly thereafter, a manned trip to Mars.

• Rieker, Pernille & Bøås, Morten (2019). EUNPACK Executive Summary of the Final Report & Selected Policy Recommendations. A conflict-sensitive unpacking of the eu comprehensive approach to conflict and crisis mechanisms. NUPI. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Since adopting a ‘comprehensive approach’ to crisis management in 2013, the EU has spent considerable time and energy on streamlining its approach and improving internal coordina¬tion. New and protracted crises, from the conflict in Ukraine to the rise of Daesh in Syria and Iraq, and the refugee situation in North Africa and the Sahel, have made the improvement of external crisis-response capacities a top priority. But the implementation of the EU’s policies on the ground has received less scholarly and policy attention than the EU’s actorness and in¬stitutional capacity-building, and studies of implementation have often been guided primarily by a theoretical or normative agenda. The main objective of the EUNPACK project has been to unpack EU crisis response mecha¬nisms and provide new insights how they are being received and perceived on the ground by both local beneficiaries and other external stakeholders. By introducing a bottom–up perspec¬tive combined with an institutional approach, the project has tried to break with the dominant line of scholarship on EU crisis response that has tended to view only one side of the equation, namely the EU itself. Thus, the project has been attentive to the local level in target countries as well as to the EU level and the connections between them. The research has been conducted through an induc¬tive and systematic empirical research combining competencies from two research traditions that so far has had little interaction, namely peace and conflict studies and EU studies. A key finding in our research is that while the EU has been increasingly concerned with horizontal lessons learnt, it needs to improve vertical lessons learnt to better understand the local dynamics and thus provide more appropriate responses.

• Bøås, Morten; Ivashchenko-Stadnik, Kateryna; Petrov, Roman; Rieker, Pernille & Russo, Alessandra (2018). Implementation of the EU’s crisis response in Ukraine. Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies - Pisa. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bøås, Morten; Petrov, Roman; Rieker, Pernille; Strazzari, Francesco; Ivaschenko-Stadnik, Kateryna & Raineri, Luca [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). How the EU is facing crises in its neighbourhood: Evidence from Libya and Ukraine. Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies - Pisa. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bøås, Morten; Batora, Jozef; Blockmans, Steven; Ferhatovic, Enver; Peters, Ingo & Rieker, Pernille [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2016). Understanding the EU’s crisis response toolbox and decision-making processes. Norsk Utenrikspolitisk Institutt. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bøås, Morten; Batora, Jozef; Blockmans, Steven; Ferhatovic, Enver; Peters, Ingo & Rieker, Pernille [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2016). Best practices in EU crisis response and policy implementation. Norsk Utenrikspolitisk Institutt. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Rieker, Pernille & Batora, Jozef (2015). Towards Multi-level Security Community Building: The EU's External Governance in Ukraine. Norsk Utenrikspolitisk Institutt. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Rieker, Pernille & Gjerde, Kristian Lundby (2015). Beyond the crisis in Ukraine. Russian and EU perceptions of European security and the potential for rapprochement. Norsk Utenrikspolitisk Institutt. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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