Rolf Reber

Reber, R., Canning, E. A., & Harackiewicz, J. M. (2018). Personalized Education to Increase Interest. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 27, 449-454.

Reber, R. (2018). Making school meaningful: Linking psychology of education to meaning in life. Educational Review, in press.

Reber, Rolf & Greifender, Rainer (2017). Processing fluency in education: How metacognitive feelings shape learning, belief formation, and affect. Educational Psychologist, 52,84- 103.

Reber, Rolf (2016). Critical Feeling. How to Use Feelings Strategically. Cambridge University Press.

Garcia-Marques, Teresa; Silva, Rita R; Reber, Rolf & Unkelbach, Christian (2015). Hearing a statement now and believing the opposite later. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 56, 126-129.

Høgheim, Sigve & Reber, Rolf (2015). Supporting interest of middle school students in mathematics through context personalization and example choice. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 42, 17-25. 

Topolinski, Sascha; Erle, Thorsten M. & Reber, Rolf (2015). Necker's smile: Immediate affective consequences of early perceptual processes. Cognition,140, 1-13. 

Bullot, N. J., & Reber, R. (2013). The Artful Mind Meets Art History: Toward a Psycho-Historical Framework for the Science of Art Appreciation. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 36, 123-180 (target article with 27 commentaries and response).

Topolinski, S., & Reber, R. (2010). Gaining insight into the „Aha“-experience. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19, 402-405.

Reber, R., & Unkelbach, C. (2010). The epistemic status of processing fluency as source for judgments of truth. Review of Philosophy and Psychology, 1, 563-583.

Topolinski, S., & Reber, R. (2010). Immediate truth - temporal contiguity between a cognitive problem and its solution determines experienced veracity of the solution. Cognition, 114, 117-122. (Escop Early Career Publication Award to Sascha Topolinski)

Reber, R., Hetland, H., Chen, W., Norman, E., & Kobbeltvedt, T. (2009). Effects of example choice on interest, control, and learning. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 18, 509-548.

Reber, R. Brun, M., & Mitterndorfer, K. (2008). The use of heuristics in intuitive mathematical judgment. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 15, 1174-1178.

Reber, R., Schwarz, N., & Winkielman, P. (2004). Processing fluency and aesthetic pleasure: Is beauty in the perceiver's processing experience? Personality and Social Psychology Review, 8, 364–382.

Reber, R., Winkielman, P., & Schwarz, N. (1998). Effects of perceptual fluency on affective judgments. Psychological Science, 9, 45–48.

• Christensen, Bo; Ball, Linden & Reber, Rolf (2020). Perceptual fluency effects in judgments of creativity and beauty: creative objects are perceived fluently yet they are visually complex. Journal of Cognitive Psychology.  ISSN 2044-5911.  32(1), s 45- 66 . doi: 10.1080/20445911.2019.1689986
• Skaar, Øystein Olav & Reber, Rolf (2020). Motivation through insight: the phenomenological correlates of insight and spatial ability tasks. Journal of Cognitive Psychology.  ISSN 2044-5911. . doi: 10.1080/20445911.2020.1844721
• Høgheim, Sigve & Reber, Rolf (2019). Interesting, but Less Interested: Gender Differences and Similarities in Mathematics Interest. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research.  ISSN 0031-3831.  63(2), s 285- 299 . doi: 10.1080/00313831.2017.1336482
• Skaar, Øystein Olav & Reber, Rolf (2019). The phenomenology of aha-experiences. Motivation Science.  ISSN 2333-8113.  6(1), s 49- 60 . doi: 10.1037/mot0000138
• Reber, Rolf (2018). Making school meaningful: Linking psychology of education to meaning in life. Educational review (Birmingham).  ISSN 0013-1911.  s 1- 21 . doi: 10.1080/00131911.2018.1428177 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Reber, Rolf; Canning, Elizabeth & Harackiewicz, Judith (2018). Personalized Education to Increase Interest. Current Directions in Psychological Science.  ISSN 0963-7214.  27, s 449- 454 . doi: 10.1177/0963721418793140 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Erle, Thorsten M.; Reber, Rolf & Topolinski, Sascha (2017). Affect from mere perception. Illusory contour perception feels good. Emotion.  ISSN 1528-3542.  17(5), s 856- 866 . doi: 10.1037/emo0000293
• Høgheim, Sigve & Reber, Rolf (2017). Eliciting Mathematics Interest: New Directions for Context Personalization and Example Choice. Journal of Experimental Education.  ISSN 0022-0973.  85(4), s 597- 613 . doi: 10.1080/00220973.2016.1268085
• Landwehr, Jan R.; Golla, Benedikt & Reber, Rolf (2017). Processing fluency: An inevitable side effect of evaluative conditioning. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology.  ISSN 0022-1031.  70, s 124- 128 . doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2017.01.004
• Reber, Rolf & Greifender, Rainer (2017). Processing fluency in education: How metacognitive feelings shape learning, belief formation, and affect. Educational Psychologist.  ISSN 0046-1520.  52(2), s 84- 103 . doi: 10.1080/00461520.2016.1258173 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Silva, Rita R.; Garcia-Marques, Teresa & Reber, Rolf (2017). The informative value of type of repetition: Perceptual and conceptual fluency influences on judgments of truth. Consciousness and Cognition.  ISSN 1053-8100.  51, s 53- 67 . doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2017.02.016
• Folgerø, Per Olav; Hodne, Lasse; Johansson, Christer; Andresen, Alf Edgar; Sætren, Lill Charlotte; Specht, Karsten; Skaar, Øystein Olav & Reber, Rolf (2016). Effects of facial symmetry and gaze direction on perception of social attributes: A study in experimental art history. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience.  ISSN 1662-5161.  10:452(2016) . doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00452 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Garcia-Marques, Teresa; Silva, Rita R; Reber, Rolf & Unkelbach, Christian (2015). Hearing a statement now and believing the opposite later. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology.  ISSN 0022-1031.  56, s 126- 129 . doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2014.09.015 Vis sammendrag

  Existing findings on the truth effect could be explained by recollection of the statements presented in the exposure phase. In order to examine a pure fluency account of this effect, we tested a unique prediction that could not be derived from recollection of a statement. In one experiment, participants judged the truth of a statement that had the same surface appearance as a statement presented earlier but contradicted it, for example “crocodiles sleep with their eyes open” one week after having heard “crocodiles sleep with their eyes closed”. We predicted and found that participants judged contradictory statements as being more false than new statements after a delay of only a few minutes, but judged them as more likely to be true after one week. In contrast to earlier findings, this result cannot be explained by accounts relying on recollection of the previously presented statements.

• Høgheim, Sigve & Reber, Rolf (2015). Supporting interest of middle school students in mathematics through context personalization and example choice. Contemporary Educational Psychology.  ISSN 0361-476X.  42, s 17- 25 . doi: 10.1016/j.cedpsych.2015.03.006
• Topolinski, Sascha; Erle, Thorsten M. & Reber, Rolf (2015). Necker's smile: Immediate affective consequences of early perceptual processes. Cognition.  ISSN 0010-0277.  140, s 1- 13 . doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2015.03.004
• Reber, Rolf (2014). Mindfulness in education, In Amanda Ie; Christelle T. Ngnoumen & Ellen J. Langer (ed.),  The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Mindfulness.  Wiley-Blackwell.  ISBN 978-1-118-29487-1.  54.  s 1054 - 1070
• Reber, Rolf; Christensen, Bo T. & Meier, Beat (2014). Effects of meaning and symmetry on judgments of size. Frontiers in Psychology.  ISSN 1664-1078.  5 . doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01270 Vis sammendrag

  Research has shown that people judge words as having bigger font size than non-words. This finding has been interpreted in terms of processing fluency, with higher fluency leading to judgments of bigger size. If so, symmetric numbers (e.g., 44) which can be processed more fluently are predicted to be judged as larger than asymmetric numbers (e.g., 43). However, recent research found that symmetric numbers were judged to be smaller than asymmetric numbers. This finding suggests that the mechanisms underlying size judgments may differ in meaningful and meaningless materials. Supporting this notion, we showed in Experiment 1 that meaning increased judged size, whereas symmetry decreased judged size. In the next two experiments, we excluded several alternative explanations for the differences in size judgments between meaningful and meaningless materials in earlier studies. This finding contradicts the notion that the mechanism underlying judgments of size is processing fluency.

• Bullot, Nicolas J. & Reber, Rolf (2013). A psycho-historical research program for the integrative science of art. Behavioral and Brain Sciences.  ISSN 0140-525X.  36(2), s 163- 180 . doi: 10.1017/S0140525X12002464
• Bullot, Nicolas J. & Reber, Rolf (2013). The Artful Mind Meets Art History: Toward a Psycho-Historical Framework for the Science of Art Appreciation. Behavioral and Brain Sciences.  ISSN 0140-525X.  36(2), s 123- 137 . doi: 10.1017/S0140525X12000489 Vis sammendrag

  Research seeking a scientific foundation for the theory of art appreciation has raised controversies at the intersection of the social and cognitive sciences. Though equally relevant to a scientific inquiry into art appreciation, psychological and historical approaches to art developed independently and lack a common core of theoretical principles. Historicists argue that psychological and brain sciences ignore the fact that artworks are artifacts produced and appreciated in the context of unique historical situations and artistic intentions. After revealing flaws in the psychological approach, we introduce a psycho-historical framework for the science of art appreciation. This framework demonstrates that a science of art appreciation must investigate how appreciators process causal and historical information to classify and explain their psychological responses to art. Expanding on research about the cognition of artifacts, we identify three modes of appreciation: basic exposure to an artwork, the artistic design stance, and artistic understanding. The artistic design stance, a requisite for artistic understanding, is an attitude whereby appreciators develop their sensitivity to art-historical contexts by means of inquiries into the making, authorship, and functions of artworks. We defend and illustrate the psycho-historical framework with an analysis of existing studies on art appreciation in empirical aesthetics. Finally, we argue that the fluency theory of aesthetic pleasure can be amended to meet the requirements of the framework. We conclude that scientists can tackle fundamental questions about the nature and appreciation of art within the psycho-historical framework.

• Høgheim, Sigve & Reber, Rolf (2012). Økt interesse for læring. Tangenten - Tidsskrift for matematikkundervisning.  ISSN 0802-8192.  23(4), s 48- 51
• Reber, Rolf (2012). Critical Feeling: The Strategic Use of Processing Fluency, In Christian Unkelbach & Rainer Greifeneder (ed.),  The Experience of Thinking. How feelings from mental processes influence cognition and behaviour.  Psychology Press.  ISBN 978-1-84872-065-7.  Kapittel.  s 169 - 184
• Reber, Rolf (2012). Processing fluency, aesthetic pleasure, and culturally shared taste, In Arthur P. Shimamura & Stephen E. Palmer (ed.),  Aesthetic Science. Connecting Minds, Brains, and Experience.  Oxford University Press.  ISBN 9780199732142.  Chapter 9.  s 223 - 249
• Chen, Weiqin & Reber, Rolf (2011). Writing Wikipedia articles as course assignment, In Tsukasa Hirashima; Gautum Biswas; Thepchai Supnithi & Fu-Yun Yu (ed.),  Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Computers in Education: ICCE2011.  Asia-Pacific Society for Computers in Education.  ISBN 978-616-12-0188-3.  C6_S14_S141S.  s 692 - 696
• Meier, Beat; von Wartburg, Philipp; Matter, Sibylle; Rothen, Nicolas & Reber, Rolf (2011). Performance predictions improve prospective memory and influence retrieval experience. Canadian journal of experimental psychology.  ISSN 1196-1961.  65(1), s 12- 18 . doi: 10.1037/a0022784 Vis sammendrag

  In retrospective memory, performance predictions have been found to enhance performance on subsequent memory tests. In prospective memory, the influence of metacognitive judgments on performance has not been investigated systematically. In the present study, 140 undergraduate students performed a complex short-term memory task that included a prospective memory task. Half of them gave performance predictions after the prospective memory task instructions. In addition, the specificity of the prospective memory task was manipulated by instructing participants either to perform an action when a word that belongs to the category of musical instruments was presented or to respond when the word "trumpet" was presented. The results showed that performance predictions enhanced performance, but only for the categorical task. Additional analyses of retrieval experience showed that performance predictions lead to an increase in search experiences while cue specificity was accompanied by an increase in pop up experiences. The results indicate that performance predictions can improve prospective performance and thus may be a valuable strategy for assisting prospective memory.

• Reber, Rolf & Slingerland, Edward G. (2011). Confucius meets cognition: new answers to old questions. Religion, Brain and Behavior.  ISSN 2153-599X.  1(2), s 135- 145 . doi: 10.1080/2153599X.2011.598329 Vis sammendrag

  Early Chinese Confucian virtue ethics saw effortless harmony with the ‘‘Way’’ as essential for ethical life, but raised the problem of how one can, through effort, reach a state of effortless perfection. We decompose this paradox into three subparadoxes and review evidence from cognitive psychology relevant to each of them. First, how can one attain spontaneity by expending effort? Second, how can one come to love what one does not already love? Third, why is a deed considered not virtuous if consciously done for the sake of attaining virtue? We discuss how the cognitive sciences can contribute to potential solutions to an ancient ethical tension, and what the humanities can contribute to problems psychologists have only recently begun to explore.

• Chen, Weiqin & Reber, Rolf (2010). Example Choice and ExampleWiki, In Ben Chang; Tsukasa Hirashima; Hiroaki Ogata; Su Luan Wong; Siu Cheung Kong & Fu-Yun Yu (ed.),  Joint Proceedings of the WWIP and IYR Symposium at the 18th International Conference on Computers in Education.  Asia-Pacific Society for Computers in Education.  ISBN 978-983-42512-6-0.  1.  s 60 - 62
• Reber, Rolf & Unkelbach, Christian (2010). The epistemic status of processing fluency as source for judgments of truth. Review of Philosophy and Psychology.  ISSN 1878-5158.  1(4), s 563- 581 . doi: 10.1007/s13164-010-0039-7 Vis sammendrag

  This article combines findings from cognitive psychology on the role of processing fluency in truth judgments with epistemological theory on justification of belief. We first review evidence that repeated exposure to a statement increases the subjective ease with which that statement is processed. This increased processing fluency, in turn, increases the probability that the statement is judged to be true. The basic question discussed here is whether the use of processing fluency as a cue to truth is epistemically justified. In the present analysis, based on Bayes’ Theorem, we adopt the reliable-process account of justification presented by Goldman (1986) and show that fluency is a reliable cue to truth, under the assumption that the majority of statements one has been exposed to are true. In the final section, we broaden the scope of this analysis and discuss how processing fluency as a potentially universal cue to judged truth may contribute to cultural differences in commonsense beliefs.

• Reber, Rolf; Wurtz, Pascal; Knapstad, Marit & Lervik, Linn Vathne (2010). Polarity correspondence in comparative number magnitude judgments. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review.  ISSN 1069-9384.  17(2), s 219- 223 . doi: 10.3758/PBR.17.2.219 Vis sammendrag

  When asked which of two digits is greater, participants respond more quickly if physical size corresponds to number magnitude, such as in 3 7, than when the two attributes contradict each other, such as in 3 7. This size congruence effect in comparative number judgments is a well-documented phenomenon. We extended existing findings by showing that this effect does not depend on physical size of the number alone but can be observed with number symmetry. In addition, we observed that symmetric numbers are judged as being smaller than asymmetric numbers, which renders an interpretation of the number symmetry congruence effect in terms of physical size implausible. We refer to the polarity correspondence principle (Proctor & Cho, 2006) to explain the present findings

• Rice, Diana R.; Abrams, Dominic; Badea, Constantina; Bohner, Gerd; Carnaghi, Andrea; Dementi, Lyudmila I.; Durkin, Kevin; Ehmann, Bea; Hodson, Gordon; Kokdemir, Dogan; Masip, Jaume; Moran, Aidan; Oswald, Margit; Ouwerkerk, Jaap W.; Reber, Rolf; Schroeder, Jonathan; Tasiopoulou, Katerina & Trzebinski, Jerzy (2010). What did you just call me? European and American ratings of the valence of ethnophaulisms (ethnic labels). Journal of Language and Social Psychology.  ISSN 0261-927X.  29(1), s 117- 131 . doi: 10.1177/0261927X09351696
• Topolinski, Sascha & Reber, Rolf (2010). Gaining Insight Into the "Aha" Experience. Current Directions in Psychological Science.  ISSN 0963-7214.  19(6), s 402- 405 . doi: 10.1177/0963721410388803 Vis sammendrag

  The literature on insight lists four main characteristics of this peculiar experience: (1) Suddenness: The experience is surprising and immediate; (2) ease: Compared to the obstacles experienced before, the task solution proceeds smoothly and easily; (3) positive affect: Insights yield positive affective experience; (4) the feeling of being right: After an insight, problem solvers judge the solution as being true and have confidence in this judgment, even before assessing its rightness. Although the phenomenology of insight is well-known, no theory has combined the four characteristics. Hence, we propose a fluency account of insight. The sudden appearance of the solution for a problem and the concomitant surprising fluency gain in information processing trigger positive affect and increase judged truth, and confidence. In the following, we will review evidence and relate it to insight concerning the impact of fluency on (1) positive affect, (2) perceived truth and confidence in one’s own judgment, and (3) the importance of suddenness. The discrepant fluency-hypothesis of insight promises the transition from a first-person account of insight based on self-reports to a third-person account based on more objective data.

• Topolinski, Sascha & Reber, Rolf (2010). Immediate truth - temporal contiguity between a cognitive problem and its solution determines experienced veracity of the solution. Cognition.  ISSN 0010-0277.  114(1), s 117- 122 . doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2009.09.009 Vis sammendrag

  A temporal contiguity hypothesis for the experience of veracity is tested which states that a solution candidate to a cognitive problem is more likely to be experienced as correct the faster it succeeds the problem. Experiment 1 varied the onset time of the appearance of proposed solutions to anagrams (50 ms vs. 150 ms) and found for both correct and incorrect candidates that faster appearing solutions were more frequently judged as being correct, although participants were not aware of the difference in onset delay. Experiment 2 replicated this effect with mathematical equations, shorter onset latencies (0 ms vs. 50 ms), and a reversed sequence (presenting first the solution and then the problem). Experiment 3 showed that the probability of judging a word as the solution of a remote associate insight problem decreases linearly with increasing onset delay (50 ms, 150 ms, 300 ms). Possible neurobiological-cognitive explanations for this effect are proposed.

• Oyserman, Daphna; Sorensen, Nicholas; Reber, Rolf & Chen, Sylvia Xiaohua (2009). Connecting and separating mindsets: Culture as situated cognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.  ISSN 0022-3514.  97(2), s 217- 235 . doi: 10.1037/a0015850 Vis sammendrag

  People perceive meaningful wholes and later separate out constituent parts (Navon, 1977). Yet there are cross-national differences in whether a focal target or integrated whole is first perceived. Rather than construe these differences as fixed, the proposed culture-as-situated cognition model explains these differences as due to whether a collective or individual mindset is cued at the moment of observation. Eight studies demonstrate that when cultural mindset and task demands are congruent, easier tasks are accomplished more quickly and more difficult or time-constrained tasks are accomplished more accurately (Study 1 Koreans, Korean Americans; Study 2 Hong Kong Chinese, Study 3 European- and Asian heritage Americans, Study 4 Americans, Study 5 Hong Kong Chinese, Study 6 Americans, Study 7, Norwegians, Study 8, African-, European- and Asian-heritage Americans). Meta-analyses (d = .34) demonstrate homogenous effects across geographic place (East-West), racial-ethnic group, task and sensory mode -- differences are cued in the moment. Contrast and separation are salient individual mindset procedures, resulting in focus on a single target or main point. Assimilation and connection are salient collective mindset procedures, resulting in focus on multiplicity and integration.

• Reber, Rolf; Chen, Weiqin; Hetland, Hilde; Norman, Elisabeth & Kobbeltvedt, Therese (2009). Effects of Example Choice on Interest, Control, and Learning. The Journal of the Learning Sciences.  ISSN 1050-8406.  18(4), s 509- 548
• Reber, Rolf; Hetland, Hilde; Chen, Weiqin; Norman, Elisabeth & Kobbeltvedt, Therese (2009). Effects of example choice on interest, control, and learning. The Journal of the Learning Sciences.  ISSN 1050-8406.  18(4), s 509- 548 . doi: 10.1080/10508400903191896 Vis sammendrag

  We investigated example choice as a new method for the teaching of formal theoretical principles. Formal principles are presented with several examples from different topics, and students choose the one that interests them most. Example choice might be related to prior knowledge, interest, and perceived control. In an experimental study, we examined the effects of degree of example choice and degree of prior knowledge on interest, perceived control, and learning outcomes in a presentation on confirmation bias. The main finding was that participants who could choose an example showed more interest for the presentation of the formal principle than participants who either were given an example by the experimenter or only saw the presentation. Control was lowest for the group without example and without prior knowledge. Finally, prior knowledge, but not example choice increased performance in a transfer of knowledge task. Example choice thus offers a new approach to close the gap between formal principles as presented at school and a student’s interests.

• Chen, Weiqin; Reber, Rolf; Stokke-Olsen, Anne Margrethe & Gudem, Birgitte (2008). ICT in psychology teaching: A formative evaluation. International Journal on E-learning.  ISSN 1537-2456.  7(2), s 201- 218 Vis sammendrag

  This article presents design, development, and evaluation of POSbase in Psychology teaching. POSbase is a highly flexible system that encourages constructive and self-regulated learning. It also allows researchers and instructors to share their teaching materials and experience. POSbase was introduced to undergraduate and to masters students in psychology. We conducted two formative evaluations and implemented improvements between and after the evaluations. Findings from the evaluations show users’ positive response toward POSbase as well as requirements for further improvement of the functionalities.

• Reber, Rolf (2008). Art in its experience: Can empirical psychology help assess artistic value?. Leonardo: Journal of the International Society for the Arts, Sciences and Technology.  ISSN 0024-094X.  41(4), s 367- 372
• Reber, Rolf; Brun, Morten & Mitterndorfer, Karoline (2008). The use of heuristics in intuitive mathematical judgment. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review.  ISSN 1069-9384.  15(6), s 1174- 1178 . doi: 10.3758/PBR.15.6.1174 Vis sammendrag

  Anecdotal evidence points to the use of beauty as an indication of truth in mathematical problem solving. In the two experiments of the present study, we examined the use of heuristics and tested the assumption that participants use symmetry as a cue for correctness in an arithmetic verification task. We manipulated the symmetry of sets of dot pattern addition equations. Speeded decisions about the correctness of these equations led to higher endorsements for both correct and incorrect equations when the addend and sum dot patterns were symmetrical. Therefore, this effect is not due to the fact that symmetry facilitates calculation or estimation. We found systematic evidence for the use of heuristics in solving mathematical tasks, and we discuss how these findings relate to a processing-fluency account of intuition in mathematical judgment.

• Wurtz, Pascal; Reber, Rolf & Zimmermann, Thomas D. (2008). The feeling of fluent perception: A single experience from multiple asynchronous sources. Consciousness and Cognition.  ISSN 1053-8100.  17(1), s 171- 174 . doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2007.07.001
• Reber, Rolf; Lima, Andreas & Fosse, Bjørg Helland (2007). Effects of regulatory focus on endorsement of religious beliefs. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology.  ISSN 0036-5564.  48(6), s 539- 545 . doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9450.2007.00589.x
• Reber, Rolf; Ruch-Monachon, Marie-Antoinette & Perrig, Walter J. (2007). Decomposing intuitive components in a conceptual problem solving task. Consciousness and Cognition.  ISSN 1053-8100.  16(2), s 294- 309 . doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2006.05.004 Vis sammendrag

  Research into intuitive problem solving has shown that objective closeness of participants’ hypotheses were closer to the accurate solution than their subjective ratings of loseness. After separating conceptually intuitive problem solving from the solutions of rational incremental tasks and of sudden insight tasks, we replicated this finding by using more precise measures in a conceptual problem-solving task. In a second study, we distinguished performance level, processing style, implicit knowledge and subjective feeling of closeness to the solution within the problem-solving task and examined the relationships of these different components with measures of intelligence and personality. Verbal intelligence correlated with performance level in problem solving, but not with processing style and implicit knowledge. Faith in intuition, openness to experience, and conscientiousness correlated with processing style, but not with implicit knowledge. These findings suggest that one needs to decompose processing style and intuitive components in problem solving to make predictions on effects of intelligence and personality measures.

• Reber, Rolf (2006). Heuristics in judgment and decision making, In Mark D. Licker (ed.),  McGraw-Hill Yearbook of Science & Technology.  McGraw-Hill.  ISBN 0071462058.  kapittel.  s 151 - 153
• Reber, Rolf & Schwarz, Norbert (2006). Perceptual fluency, preference, and evolution. Polish Psychological Bulletin.  ISSN 0079-2993.  37(1), s 16- 22
• Reber, Rolf; Meier, Beat; Ruch-Monachon, Marie-Antoinette & Tiberini, Mara (2006). Effects of processing fluency on comparative performance judgments. Acta Psychologica.  ISSN 0001-6918.  123(3 ; doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2006.02.001), s 337- 354 . doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2006.02.0 Vis sammendrag

  Research has shown that performance predictions are biased by the impact of processing fluency. However, existing data are inconclusive with regard to comparative judgments of performance. In five experiments, participants in an easy condition gave more favorable comparative judgments than participants in a difficult condition. Participants judged their performance more favorably if they named colors of non-color words rather than non-matching color words (Experiment 1), if they had to generate six words of a category rather than 12 words (Experiment 2), if they had to run in place for 15 s rather than 2 min (Experiment 3), but the latter result holds only true if participants were not active in sports (Experiment 4). When 67% of the items in a recognition test were old words, participants thought that their recognition performance was better than when 33% of the items were old words, although recognition performance did not differ between groups (Experiment 5). We discuss this result in the light of recent theories about effects of processing fluency on judgments.

• Sætrevik, Bjørn; Reber, Rolf & Sannum, Petter (2006). The Utility of Implicit Learning in the Teaching of Rules. Learning and Instruction.  ISSN 0959-4752.  16(4), s 363- 373 . doi: 10.1016/j.learninstruc.2006.07.006 Vis sammendrag

  Sannum, Petter: UiB samfunnspsykologi ----------------- The potential impact of implicit learning on education has been repeatedly stressed, though little research has examined this connection directly. The current paper describes two experiments that, inspired by artificial grammar learning experiments, examine the utility of implicit learning as a method for teaching atomic bonding rules to 11–12 year old school children. Two groups were given tasks that led to explicit rule learning; two other groups were given tasks that did not lead to rule learning; and a control group was trained on irrelevant stimuli. We observed an implicit learning effect, but learning was much more effective when more explicit ways of teaching were employed. These findings suggest that mere exposure to regular material is not sufficient for effective learning of rules, and that an explicit approach to instruction is advisable.

• Reber, Rolf (2005). Assessing motivational factors in educational technology: the case of building a web site as course assignment. British Journal of Educational Technology (BJET).  ISSN 0007-1013.  36(1), s 93- 95

Se alle arbeider i Cristin

• Reber, Rolf (2019). Psychology -- the basics. Routledge.  ISBN 9781138552265.  184 s.
• Reber, Rolf (2016). Critical Feeling. How to Use Feelings Strategically. Cambridge University Press.  ISBN 9781107629769.  308 s. Vis sammendrag

  How can we develop the sensitivity necessary for playing music or making crafts? How can teachers make their lessons interesting? In what ways can consumers avoid undue influence? How do we acquire refined tastes, or come to believe what we want to believe? Addressing these issues and providing an account for tackling personal and societal problems, Rolf Reber combines insights from psychology, philosophy, and education to introduce the concept of 'critical feeling'. While many people are familiar with the concept of critical thinking, critical feeling denotes the strategic use of feelings in order to optimize an outcome. Reber discusses the theoretical and empirical foundations of critical feeling and provides an overview of applications, including well-being, skill learning, personal relationships, business, politics, school, art, morality, and religion. This original and thought-provoking study will interest a broad range of researchers, students, and practitioners.

• Reber, Rolf (2015). Hverdagslivets psykologi.Forstå livet bedre (Orig. tysk; oversetter: Lars Holm-Hansen). Pax Forlag.  ISBN 9788253038094.  160 s. Vis sammendrag

  Hvorfor er det så vanskelig å si nei i rette øyeblikk? Hvorfor blir vi aldri helt kvitt et rykte? Finnes det en forelskelsens logikk? Hvorfor er førsteinntrykket så viktig? Og hvorfor er det nesten umulig å forutse hvor mye tid vi vil bruke på en oppgave? Disse og en lang rekke andre hverdagspsykologiske spørsmål forsøker denne boken å svare på gjennom illustrerende funn fra ulike vitenskapelige undersøkelser. Forfatteren, som er professor i psykologi, er særlig opptatt av hvordan våre egne tenkemåter, følelser og handlinger kan hindre oss i å oppnå det vi vil. Du får ikke bare aha-opplevelser og ny innsikt, men også enkle tips for en bedre hverdag. Visste du for eksempel at muligheten til faktisk å få gjort det du har planlagt å gjøre, stiger dramatisk om du setter deg presise og konkrete mål for nøyaktig hva du skal gjøre og akkurat når det skal skje? Eller at du lærer veldig mye bedre gjennom mange korte økter enn om du holder på timevis om gangen? Boka forsøker å formidle noe av fascinasjonskraften ved moderne psykologi og passer særlig for lesere som har et åpent sinn for kunnskap som går på tvers av deres egne forestillinger.

• Reber, Rolf (2010). [A brief psychology of everyday life] Chinese translation of "Kleine Psychologie des Alltäglichen", München: Beck. Global Group Holdings, Ltd..  ISBN 978-986-185-421-2.  224 s.
• Reber, Rolf (2008). [A brief psychology of everyday life. 72 lessons on how to understand life better] Korean translation. 21st Century Publishers.  ISBN 9788950916268.  149 s.
• Reber, Rolf (2008). Gut so! Kleine Psychologie der Tugend [That's good! A brief psychology of virtue]. C.H. Beck.  ISBN 978-3-406-57362-0.  142 s.
• Reber, Rolf (2007). Kleine Psychologie des Alltäglichen. C.H. Beck.  ISBN 9783406548031.  152 s.

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• Bullot, Nicolas J. & Reber, Rolf (2017). Artistic misunderstandings: The emotional significance of historical learning in the arts. Behavioral and Brain Sciences.  ISSN 0140-525X.  40 . doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X17001625
• Høgheim, Sigve; Reber, Rolf; Federici, Roger Andre; Krumsvik, Rune Johan & Stadler, Matthias Gregor (2017). Making math interesting. An experimental study of interventions to encourage interest in mathematics.
• Høgheim, Sigve & Reber, Rolf (2015). Triggering and maintaining situational interest with context personalization and example choice.
• Høgheim, Sigve & Reber, Rolf (2014). The effect of personalization and example choice on students' interest in mathematics.
• Reber, Rolf & Bullot, Nicolas J. (2013). Artistic understanding matters to musical judgment Comment on "From everyday emotions to aesthetic emotions: Towards a unified theory of musical emotions" by Patrik N. Juslin. Physics of Life Reviews.  ISSN 1571-0645.  10(3), s 273- 274 . doi: 10.1016/j.plrev.2013.06.006
• Reber, Rolf; Bullot, Nicolas J.; Blikstad, Camilla & Scocciolini, Giulia (2013). How artists use disfluency.
• Stibric, Marina & Reber, Rolf (2013). The effects of example choice on students' interest and performance in mathematics.
• Bullot, Nicolas J. & Reber, Rolf (2012). The artful mind meets art history: A psycho-historical foundation for empirical aesthetics.
• Reber, Rolf (2012). Normative Issues in Psychological Research about Processing Fluency.
• Reber, Rolf (2012). People’s judgements of the truth of propositions, and its application to intuitive decisions about the correctness of mathematical solutions.
• Reber, Rolf & Bullot, Nicolas (2012). Cognitive Science Meets Art History. A Psycho-Historical Framework for Psychological and Neuroaesthetics.
• Chen, Weiqin & Reber, Rolf (2011). Interests, Relevance, Motivation and Learning.
• Reber, Rolf (2011). A Fluency Account of the Insight Experience.
• Reber, Rolf (2011). How Norms and Values Influence Human Judgment (Keynote Lecture).
• Reber, Rolf (2011). How to Increase Interest.
• Reber, Rolf (2011). How to assess processing fluency (within symposium "Issues in the Measurement of Facets of Metacognition").
• Reber, Rolf; Chen, Weiqin & Hetland, Hilde (2011). Hvordan vil ExampleWIki-metoden øke interessen for matematikk og maturfag?.
• Reber, Rolf & Topolinski, Sascha (2011). The phenomenology of insights (within symposium "Current directions in fluency research: Integration and expansion beyond classic effects").
• Chen, Weiqin & Reber, Rolf (2010). ExampleWiki.
• Reber, Rolf (2010). A Fluency Theory of Culturally Shared Taste.
• Reber, Rolf (2010). Perception as Affective Experience.
• Reber, Rolf; Hetland, Hilde; Chen, Weiqin; Norman, Elisabeth & Kobbeltvedt, Therese (2010). Effects of example choice on topic interest and perceived control.
• Reber, Rolf (2009). Creating insights.
• Reber, Rolf (2009). Die Fluency-Heuristik bei intuitiven Urteilen.
• Reber, Rolf (2009). Die Rolle von Fluency und plötzlicher Einsicht bei intuitiven Urteilen.
• Reber, Rolf (2009). Fluency, Schönheit und Wahrheit.
• Reber, Rolf (2009). Perception and Affect.
• Reber, Rolf (2009). Processing fluency and Aesthetics.
• Reber, Rolf (2009). Processing fluency: An interface between cognition and affect.
• Reber, Rolf (2009). The Shared Fluency Theory of Social Cohesiveness.
• Reber, Rolf (2009). Udfordringer ved forskning i transformationer.
• Reber, Rolf (2009). What Are Aesthetic Tools in Science?.
• Reber, Rolf & Topolinski, Sascha (2009). Einfach + schön = wahr [simple + beautiful = true]. Gehirn & Geist.  ISSN 1618-8519.  (1-2), s 20- 23
• Reber, Rolf & Topolinski, Sascha (2009). Semplice + bello = vero. Mente & Cervello.  (55)
• Reber, Rolf; Wurtz, Pascal; Knapstad, Marit & Lervik, Linn Vathne (2009). A Polarity Correspondence Account of Comparative Number Magnitude Judgments.
• Hagtvedt, Henrik; Patrick, Vanessa; Alba, Joseph; Batra, Rishtee; Brunel, Frédéric; Chitturi, Ravi; Dahl, Darren; Deng, Xiaoyan; Hoegg, JoAndrea; Hutchinson, Wes; Luchs, Michael; Joy, Annamma; Meyers-Levy, Joan; Moreau, Page; Raghunathan, Raj; Reber, Rolf; Schroeder, Jonathan & Zhu, Juliet (2008). Round Table Discussion on Aesthetics and Consumption.
• Reber, Rolf (2008). A perceptual fluency theory of beauty.
• Reber, Rolf (2008). The metacognitive basis of judged truth.
• Chen, Weiqin; Reber, Rolf; Gudem, Birgitte & Stokke, Anne-Margrethe (2007). POSbase. [www ]. Vis sammendrag

  Database of Powerpoint presentations of scientific studies. To date, the database contains over 200 presentations of psychological studies and over 200 keywords. POSbase has been featured in the Netwatch section of Science.

• Reber, Rolf (2007). Why beauty counts: A perceptual fluency account of product evaluation.
• Reber, Rolf; Hetland, Hilde; Chen, Weiqin; Norman, Elisabeth & Kobbeltvedt, Therese (2007). Example choice promotes interest.
• Reber, Rolf; Chen, Weiqin; Stokke, Anne-Margrethe & Gudem, Birgitte (2006). POSbase, a database of Powerpoint presentations of psychological studies.
• Reber, Rolf; Kobbeltvedt, Therese; Ellila, Joh Øystein; Fosse, Bjørg Helland & Moan, Kristine (2006). Effects of processing fluency and emotional expression of faces on evaluative judgments.
• Rüter, Katja & Reber, Rolf (2006). Die Leichtigkeit des Abrufes von Vergleichsstandards – eine subtile Einflussgröße bei Selbsteinschätzungen [Ease of recall of comparison standards – a subtle variable influencing self-judgments].
• Reber, Rolf (2006). Beauty is in the Processing Experience of the Beholder - A Perceptual Fluency Theory of Aesthetic Preference.
• Reber, Rolf (2006). Phenomenology depends on human nature. American Psychologist.  ISSN 0003-066X.  61(3), s 258- 259
• Reber, Rolf (2005). A perceptual fluency theory of beauty.
• Reber, Rolf (2005). Effects of retrieval fluency on comparative performance judgments.

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