Tags:
Cognitive psychology,
Cognitive neuroscience
Publications
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Takayose, Masaki; Koshizawa, Ryo; Oki, Kazuma; Thunberg, Christina & Huster, Rene Jürgen
(2026).
Transient and selective effects of acute exercise intensity on response inhibition: an EEG study.
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience.
20.
doi:
10.3389/fnhum.2026.1706674.
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Puszta, Andras; Huster, Rene Jürgen; Solbakk, Anne-Kristin; Funderud, Ingrid; Endestad, Tor & Grane, Venke Arntsberg
(2026).
Interactions between external and internal attention processes during working memory.
Journal of Neuroscience Methods.
ISSN 0165-0270.
428.
doi:
10.1016/j.jneumeth.2026.110687.
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Thunberg, Christina; Wiker, Thea; Bundt, Carsten & Huster, Rene Jürgen
(2024).
On the (un)reliability of common behavioral and electrophysiological measures from the stop signal task: Measures of inhibition lack stability over time.
Cortex.
ISSN 0010-9452.
doi:
10.1016/j.cortex.2024.02.008.
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Huster, Rene Jürgen; Thunberg, Christina; Solbakk, Anne-Kristin; Gravholt, Claus H. & Fjermestad, Krister Westlye
(2024).
Inhibitory deficits in Klinefelter syndrome are secondary to deficits in the auditory and motor domain.
NeuroImage: Clinical.
44.
doi:
10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103674.
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Boer, Olga D.; Wiker, Thea; Bukhari, Shervin; Kjelkenes, Rikka; Timpe, Clara Marie Fides & Voldsbekk, Irene
[Show all 15 contributors for this article]
(2024).
Neural markers of error processing relate to task performance, but not to substance-related risks and problems and externalizing problems in adolescence and emerging adulthood.
Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience.
ISSN 1878-9293.
71.
doi:
10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101500.
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Detecting errors and adapting behavior accordingly constitutes an integral aspect of cognition. Previous studies have linked neural correlates of error processing (e.g., error-related negativity (ERN) and error-related positivity (Pe)) to task performance and broader behavioral constructs, but few studies examined how these associations manifest in adolescence. In this study, we examined neural error processing markers and their behavioral associations in an adolescent/emerging adult sample (N = 143, Mage = 18.0 years, range 11–25 years), employing a stop-signal task. Linear regressions were conducted using bootstrap resampling to explore associations between ERN/Pe peak amplitudes and latencies, stop accuracy, stop-signal reaction time (SSRT), and post-error slowing, as well as self-reported substance-related risks and problems and externalizing problems. After adjusting for age and sex, smaller frontocentral Pe amplitude and later Pe latency were associated with longer SSRT, and later Pe latency was associated with lower stop accuracy. This might indicate that the Pe, which is thought to reflect conscious error processing, reflects task performance on a response inhibition task better than the ERN, which reflects subconscious error processing. After correcting for multiple testing, there were no associations between ERN/Pe parameters and substance-related or externalizing problems, and no age interactions for these associations were detected.
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Wiker, Thea; Pedersen, Mads Lund; Ferschmann, Lia; Beck, Dani; Norbom, Linn Christin Bonaventure & Dahl, Andreas
[Show all 13 contributors for this article]
(2023).
Assessing the Longitudinal Associations Between Decision-Making Processes and Attention Problems in Early Adolescence.
Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology.
ISSN 2730-7166.
52,
p. 803–817.
doi:
10.1007/s10802-023-01148-8.
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Abstract Cognitive functions and psychopathology develop in parallel in childhood and adolescence, but the temporal dynamics of their associations are poorly understood. The present study sought to elucidate the intertwined development of decision-making processes and attention problems using longitudinal data from late childhood (9–10 years) to mid-adolescence (11–13 years) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (n = 8918). We utilised hierarchical drift-diffusion modelling of behavioural data from the stop-signal task, parent-reported attention problems from the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and multigroup univariate and bivariate latent change score models. The results showed faster drift rate was associated with lower levels of inattention at baseline, as well as a greater reduction of inattention over time. Moreover, baseline drift rate negatively predicted change in attention problems in females, and baseline attention problems negatively predicted change in drift rate. Neither response caution (decision threshold) nor encoding- and responding processes (non-decision time) were significantly associated with attention problems. There were no significant sex differences in the associations between decision-making processes and attention problems. The study supports previous findings of reduced evidence accumulation in attention problems and additionally shows that development of this aspect of decision-making plays a role in developmental changes in attention problems in youth.
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Fjermestad, Krister Westlye; Bergh, Nathalie; Fleten, Susanne Kyte; Huster, Rene Jürgen; Gravholt, C. & Solbakk, Anne-Kristin
(2023).
Mentalization and cognitive skills in men with Klinefelter syndrome versus non-clinical controls.
Psychiatry Research Communications.
3(2).
doi:
10.1016/j.psycom.2023.100116.
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We investigated cognition and mentalization skills, defined as the ability to understand one's own and others' intentions and emotions, in men with Klinefelter Syndrome (KS). The sample was 26 men with KS and 26 non-clinical male controls aged 19–65 years. We measured mentalization with the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) and cognition with neuropsychological tests. The results showed that men with KS had significantly lower scores on the RMET compared to controls. However, the group difference was not significant when controlling for IQ. There were more significant correlations between cognitive domains and mentalization skills in the KS group than for controls. In regression models, cognitive domains explained up to 54% of the variance in mentalization skills for men with KS, compared to 15% for controls. The men with KS struggled particularly with interpreting neutral and negative emotional states relative to the control group. We conclude that men with KS exhibit mentalization difficulties, which are strongly linked to their cognitive abilities, and especially their deficits in verbal learning. Interventions aimed at enhancing language and other neuropsychological functions, as well as mentalization skills, are warranted.
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Fjermestad, Krister Westlye; Finnbakk, R.R.; Solbakk, Anne-Kristin; Gravholt, C.H. & Huster, Rene Jürgen
(2023).
Subjective versus objective sleep in men with Klinefelter syndrome.
Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases.
18(1).
doi:
10.1186/s13023-023-02822-2.
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Objectives To investigate sleep among men with Klinefelter syndrome (KS). Method We compared the sleep domains latency, disturbance, and efficiency in 30 men with KS (M age = 36.7 years, SD = 10.6) to 21 age-matched non-KS controls (M age = 36.8 years, SD = 14.4). Actigraphs were used to objectively measure sleep across 7 days and nights. Participants also completed a sleep diary over the same period, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Results The mean correlation between the objective and subjective sleep measures was lower for the KS sample (M r = .15) than for controls (M r = .34). Sleep disturbance was significantly larger in the KS sample, as measured by actigraphy (p = .022, d = 0.71) and the PSQI (p = .037, d = 0.61). In regression models predicting sleep domains from KS status, age, educational level, vocational status, IQ, and mental health, KS status was not a significant predictor. Higher age was associated with more actigraphy-measured sleep disturbance. Higher educational level and being employed were associated with better sleep efficiency. Conclusions Sleep disturbance may be a particular problem for men with KS and should be measured with complimentary methods.
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Wiker, Thea; Norbom, Linn B.; Beck, Dani; Agartz, Ingrid; Andreassen, Ole A. & Alnæs, Dag
[Show all 14 contributors for this article]
(2023).
Reaction Time Variability in Children Is Specifically Associated With Attention Problems and Regional White Matter Microstructure.
Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging.
ISSN 2451-9022.
8(8),
p. 832–840.
doi:
10.1016/j.bpsc.2023.03.010.
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Background Increased intraindividual variability (IIV) in reaction times (RTs) has been suggested as a key cognitive and behavioral marker of attention problems, but findings for other dimensions of psychopathology are less consistent. Moreover, while studies have linked IIV to brain white matter microstructure, large studies testing the robustness of these associations are needed. Methods We used data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study baseline assessment to test the associations between IIV and psychopathology (n = 8622, age = 8.9–11.1 years) and IIV and white matter microstructure (n = 7958, age = 8.9–11.1 years). IIV was investigated using an ex-Gaussian distribution analysis of RTs in correct response go trials in the stop signal task. Psychopathology was measured by the Child Behavior Checklist and a bifactor structural equation model was performed to extract a general p factor and specific factors reflecting internalizing, externalizing, and attention problems. To investigate white matter microstructure, fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity were examined in 23 atlas-based tracts. Results Increased IIV in both short and long RTs was positively associated with the specific attention problems factor (Cohen’s d = 0.13 and d = 0.15, respectively). Increased IIV in long RTs was also positively associated with radial diffusivity in the left and right corticospinal tract (both tracts, d = 0.12). Conclusions Using a large sample and a data-driven dimensional approach to psychopathology, the results provide novel evidence for a small but specific association between IIV and attention problems in children and support previous findings on the relevance of white matter microstructure for IIV.
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Smit, Diede; Dapor, Cecilia; Koerts, Janneke; Tucha, Oliver M.; Huster, Rene Jürgen & Enriquez-Geppert, Stefanie
(2023).
Long-term improvements in executive functions after frontal-midline theta neurofeedback in a (sub)clinical group.
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience.
17.
doi:
10.3389/fnhum.2023.1163380.
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Bøen, Rune; Raud, Liisa & Huster, Rene Jürgen
(2022).
Inhibitory Control and the Structural Parcelation of the Right Inferior Frontal Gyrus.
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience.
16,
p. 1–11.
doi:
10.3389/fnhum.2022.787079.
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The right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) has most strongly, although not exclusively, been associated with response inhibition, not least based on covariations of behavioral performance measures and local gray matter characteristics. However, the white matter microstructure of the rIFG as well as its connectivity has been less in focus, especially when it comes to the consideration of potential subdivisions within this area. The present study reconstructed the structural connections of the three main subregions of the rIFG (i.e., pars opercularis, pars triangularis, and pars orbitalis) using diffusion tensor imaging, and further assessed their associations with behavioral measures of inhibitory control. The results revealed a marked heterogeneity of the three subregions with respect to the pattern and extent of their connections, with the pars orbitalis showing the most widespread inter-regional connectivity, while the pars opercularis showed the lowest number of interconnected regions. When relating behavioral performance measures of a stop signal task to brain structure, the data indicated an association between the dorsal opercular connectivity and the go reaction time and the stopping accuracy.
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Messel, Mari Sælid; Raud, Liisa; Hoff, Per Kristian; Stubberud, Jan & Huster, Rene Jürgen
(2021).
Frontal-midline theta reflects different mechanisms associated with proactive and reactive control of inhibition.
NeuroImage.
ISSN 1053-8119.
241,
p. 1–14.
doi:
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118400.
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Reactive control of response inhibition is associated with a right-lateralised cortical network, as well as frontal-midline theta (FM-theta) activity measured at the scalp. However, response inhibition is also governed by proactive control processes, and how such proactive control is reflected in FM-theta activity and associated neural source activity remains unclear. To investigate this, simultaneous recordings of electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data was performed while participants performed a cued stop-signal task. The cues (0%, 25% or 66%) indicated the likelihood of an upcoming stop-signal in the following trial. Results indicated that participants adjusted their behaviour proactively, with increasing go-trial reaction times following increasing stop-signal probability, as well as modulations of both go-trial and stop-trial accuracies. Target-locked theta activity was higher in stop-trials than go-trials and modulated by probability. At the single-trial level, cue-locked theta was associated with shorter reaction-times, while target-locked theta was associated with both faster reaction times and higher probability of an unsuccessful stop-trial. This dissociation was also evident at the neural source level, where a joint ICA revealed independent components related to going, stopping and proactive preparation. Overall, the results indicate that FM-theta activity can be dissociated into several mechanisms associated with proactive control, response initiation and response inhibition processes. We propose that FM-theta activity reflects both heightened preparation of the motor control network, as well as stopping-related processes associated with a right lateralized cortical network.
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Stubberud, Jan Egil; Huster, Rene Jürgen; Hoorelbeke, K.; Hammar, Åsa Karin & Hagen, Bjørn Ole Ingulfsvann
(2021).
Improved emotion regulation in depression following cognitive remediation: A randomized controlled trial.
Behaviour Research and Therapy.
ISSN 0005-7967.
147,
p. 1–11.
doi:
10.1016/j.brat.2021.103991.
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Objective Executive functions (EFs) play a key role in emotion regulation and, related to this, depression. Cognitive remediation (CR) targeting EFs, such as Goal Management Training (GMT) and computerized cognitive training (CCT), may reduce maladaptive emotion regulation. However, the clinical potential of GMT in the context of depression and emotion regulation remains to be tested. Hence, the primary aim of the present study was to compare effects of GMT with CCT on symptoms of emotion dysregulation. Method The paper reports the effects of a preregistered randomized controlled trial. Sixty-three participants (18–60yrs) with active or remitted depression and EF complaints were randomized to nine sessions of GMT (n = 35) or CCT (n = 28). All were assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and at 6-month follow-up. The Ruminative Response Scale and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale were employed to assess emotion regulation. Results Both groups improved following the intervention on emotion regulation domains after controlling for intention-to-treat, including brooding rumination and on items reflecting non-accepting reactions to distress. Relative to CCT, the GMT-group demonstrated increased clarity of emotional responses in the per protocol analysis. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate the potential of GMT and CCT in reducing maladaptive emotion regulation in depression.
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Zacharov, Oleg; Huster, Rene Jürgen & Kaale, Anett
(2021).
Investigating Cognitive Flexibility in Preschool Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Frontiers in Psychology.
doi:
10.3389/fpsyg.2021.737631.
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The current study investigated cognitive flexibility in preschool children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and those with typical development using the Reverse Categorization (RC) task and the Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS) task. We further examined the relationship between non-verbal mental age (NVMA) and the performance on the two tasks. While no significant difference in performance on the RC task between the two groups was found, significantly more children in the typical developing group passed the DCCS task than children in the ASD group. NVMA was found to correlate with performance in both tasks in the typical developing group but not in the ASD group. When the children were matched on NVMA, no differences in task performance between the two groups were found. The current study found the disparity in performance in two groups on the RC and the DCCS tasks, hence illuminating the importance related to the selection of tasks when studying cognitive flexibility in preschool children with ASD. The study also cast some light on the involvement of NVMA in the performance on the RC and DCCS tasks.
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Øverbye, Knut; Walhovd, Kristine B; Fjell, Anders Martin; Tamnes, Christian Krog & Huster, Rene
(2021).
Electrophysiological and behavioral indices of cognitive conflict processing across adolescence.
Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience.
ISSN 1878-9293.
48,
p. 1–10.
doi:
10.1016/j.dcn.2021.100929.
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Cognitive control enables goal-oriented adaptation to a fast-changing environment and has a protracted development spanning into young adulthood. The neurocognitive processes underlying this development are poorly understood. In a cross-sectional sample of participants 8–19 years old (n = 108), we used blind source separation of EEG data recorded in a Flanker task to derive electrophysiological measures of attention and conflict processing, including a N2-like frontal negative component and a P3-like parietal positive component. Outside the recording session, we examined multiple behavioral measures of interference control derived from the Flanker, Stroop, and Anti-saccade tasks. We found a positive association between age and P3 amplitude, but no relationship between age and N2 amplitude. A stronger N2 was age-independently related to better performance on Stroop and Anti-saccade measures of interference control. A Gratton effect was found on the Flanker task, with slower reaction times on current congruent and better accuracy on current incongruent trials when preceded by incongruent as opposed to congruent trials. The Gratton effect on accuracy was positively associated with age. Together, the findings suggest a multifaceted developmental pattern of the neurocognitive processes involved in conflict processing across adolescence, with a more protracted development of the P3 compared to the N2.
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Øverbye, Knut; Bøen, Rune; Huster, Rene & Tamnes, Christian Krog
(2020).
Learning from mistakes: How does the brain handle errors?
Frontiers for Young Minds.
08.80.
doi:
10.3389/frym.2020.00080.
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We all make mistakes—and when we do, it is a great opportunity for the brain to adjust what it is doing and to learn. To study how the brain detects and deals with errors, researchers have used caps equipped with sensors that can measure brain activity. One thing researchers have found using this method is that the brain creates a specific kind of brain activity when a person makes a mistake. This activity, called the error-related negativity or ERN, happens almost at the same time that the error is made. It is as if the brain already knows we are making a mistake within fractions of a second, before we are even aware of it. Where in the brain does this ERN come from? How does it help us learn? And how does it change as we develop from children to adults?
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Groot, Josephine Maria; Boayue, Nya Mehnwolo; Csifcsak, Gabor; Boekel, Wouter; Huster, Rene & Forstmann, Birte U
[Show all 7 contributors for this article]
(2020).
Probing the neural signature of mind wandering with simultaneous fMRI-EEG and pupillometry.
NeuroImage.
ISSN 1053-8119.
224.
doi:
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117412.
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Mind wandering reflects the shift in attentional focus from task-related cognition driven by external stimuli toward self-generated and internally-oriented thought processes. Although such task-unrelated thoughts (TUTs) are pervasive and detrimental to task performance, their underlying neural mechanisms are only modestly understood. To investigate TUTs with high spatial and temporal precision, we simultaneously measured fMRI, EEG, and pupillometry in healthy adults while they performed a sustained attention task with experience sampling probes. Features of interest were extracted from each modality at the single-trial level and fed to a support vector machine that was trained on the probe responses. Compared to task-focused attention, the neural signature of TUTs was characterized by weaker activity in the default mode network but elevated activity in its anticorrelated network, stronger functional coupling between these networks, widespread increase in alpha, theta, delta, but not beta, frequency power, predominantly reduced amplitudes of late, but not early, event-related potentials, and larger baseline pupil size. Particularly, information contained in dynamic interactions between large-scale cortical networks was predictive of transient changes in attentional focus above other modalities. Together, our results provide insight into the spatiotemporal dynamics of TUTs and the neural markers that may facilitate their detection.
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Huster, Rene; Messel, Mari Sælid; Thunberg, Christina & Raud, Liisa
(2020).
The P300 as marker of inhibitory control – Fact or fiction?
Cortex.
ISSN 0010-9452.
132,
p. 334–348.
doi:
10.1016/j.cortex.2020.05.021.
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Inhibitory control, i.e., the ability to stop or suppress actions, thoughts, or memories, represents a prevalent and popular concept in basic and clinical neuroscience as well as psychology. At the same time, it is notoriously difficult to study as successful inhibition is characterized by the absence of a continuously quantifiable direct behavioral marker. It has been suggested that the P3 latency, and here especially its onset latency, may serve as neurophysiological marker of inhibitory control as it correlates with the stop signal reaction time (SSRT). The SSRT estimates the average stopping latency, which itself is unobservable since no overt response is elicited in successful stop trials, based on differences in the distribution of go reaction times and the delay of the stop-relative to the go-signal in stop trials. In a meta-analysis and an independent electroencephalography (EEG) experiment, we found that correlations between the P3 latency and the SSRT are indeed replicable, but also unspecific. Not only does the SSRT also correlate with the N2 latency, but both P3 and N2 latency measures show similar or even higher correlations with other behavioral parameters such as the go reaction time or stopping accuracy. The missing specificity of P3–SSRT correlations, together with the general pattern of associations, suggests that these manifest effects are driven by underlying latent processes other than inhibition, such as behavioral adaptations in context of performance monitoring operations.
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Llorens, Anaïs; Funderud, Ingrid; Blenkmann, Alejandro Omar; Lubell, James; Foldal, Maja Dyhre & Leske, Sabine Liliana
[Show all 11 contributors for this article]
(2020).
Preservation of Interference Effects in Working Memory After Orbitofrontal Damage.
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience.
13,
p. 1–15.
doi:
10.3389/fnhum.2019.00445.
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Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is implicated in multiple cognitive processes, including inhibitory control, context memory, recency judgment, and choice behavior. Despite an emerging understanding of the role of OFC in memory and executive control, its necessity for core working memory (WM) operations remains undefined. Here, we assessed the impact of OFC damage on interference effects in WM using a Recent Probes task based on the Sternberg item-recognition task (1966). Subjects were asked to memorize a set of letters and then indicate whether a probe letter was presented in a particular set. Four conditions were created according to the forthcoming response ("yes"/"no") and the recency of the probe (presented in the previous trial set or not). We compared behavioral and electroencephalography (EEG) responses between healthy subjects (n = 14) and patients with bilateral OFC damage (n = 14). Both groups had the same recency pattern of slower reaction time (RT) when the probe was presented in the previous trial but not in the current one, reflecting the proactive interference (PI). The within-group electrophysiological results showed no condition difference during letter encoding and maintenance. In contrast, event-related potentials (ERPs) to probes showed distinct within-group condition effects, and condition by group effects. The response and recency effects for controls occurred within the same time window (300-500 ms after probe onset) and were observed in two distinct spatial groups including right centro-posterior and left frontal electrodes. Both clusters showed ERP differences elicited by the response effect, and one cluster was also sensitive to the recency manipulation. Condition differences for the OFC group involved two different clusters, encompassing only left hemisphere electrodes and occurring during two consecutive time windows (345-463 ms and 565-710 ms). Both clusters were sensitive to the response effect, but no recency effect was found despite the behavioral recency effect. Although the groups had different electrophysiological responses, the maintenance of letters in WM, the evaluation of the context of the probe, and the decision to accept or reject a probed letter were preserved in OFC patients. The results suggest that neural reorganization may contribute to intact recency judgment and response after OFC damage.
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Fjermestad, Krister; Huster, Rene; Thunberg, Christina; Stokke, Simen; Gravholt, Claus H & Solbakk, Anne-Kristin
(2020).
Neuropsychological functions, sleep, and mental health in
adults with Klinefelter syndrome.
American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part C, Seminars in Medical Genetics (AJMG).
ISSN 1552-4868.
184C,
p. 482–492.
doi:
10.1002/ajmg.c.31797.
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A few studies have examined neuropsychological functions, sleep, and mental health combined in Klinefelter syndrome (KS; 47,XXY). We investigated neuropsychological functions with standard tests, sleep with actigraphy, and self-reported mental health in 30 men with KS (Mean age = 36.7 years) compared to 21 controls (Mean age = 36.8 years). Men with KS scored significantly lower on mental speed, attention span, working memory, inhibition, and set-shifting tests, as well as overall IQ (mean effect size difference Cohen's d = 0.79). Men with KS had significantly longer night wakes, with no differences in other sleep variables (mean d = 0.34). Men with KS reported poorer mental health than controls (mean d = 1.16). Regression analyses showed neuropsychological functions explained variance in some sleep domains for men with KS but not for controls. Neuropsychological functions explained variance in some mental health domains for controls. For men with KS, however, verbal IQ was the only significant predictor of mental health. Altogether, men with KS display problems in neuropsychological functions and mental health but do not appear different from controls on most sleep parameters. Our findings indicate that relations between neuropsychological functions, sleep, and mental health differ between men with KS and controls.
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Raud, Liisa; Huster, Rene; Ivry, Richard B.; Labruna, Ludovica; Messel, Mari Sælid & Greenhouse, Ian
(2020).
A single mechanism for global and selective response inhibition under the influence of motor preparation.
Journal of Neuroscience.
ISSN 0270-6474.
40(41),
p. 7921–7935.
doi:
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0607-20.2020.
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In our everyday behavior, we frequently cancel one movement while continuing others. Two competing models have been suggested for the cancellation of such specific actions: (1) the abrupt engagement of a unitary global inhibitory mechanism followed by reinitiation of the continuing actions; or (2) a balance between distinct global and selective inhibitory mechanisms. To evaluate these models, we examined behavioral and physiological markers of proactive control, motor preparation, and response inhibition using a combination of behavioral task performance measures, electromyography, electroencephalography, and motor evoked potentials elicited with transcranial magnetic stimulation. Healthy human participants of either sex performed two versions of a stop signal task with cues incorporating proactive control: a unimanual task involving the initiation and inhibition of a single response, and a bimanual task involving the selective stopping of one of two prepared responses. Stopping latencies, motor evoked potentials, and frontal β power (13–20 Hz) did not differ between the unimanual and bimanual tasks. However, evidence for selective proactive control before stopping was manifest in the bimanual condition as changes in corticomotor excitability, μ (9–14 Hz), and β (15–25 Hz) oscillations over sensorimotor cortex. Together, our results favor the recruitment of a single inhibitory stopping mechanism with the net behavioral output depending on the levels of action-specific motor preparation.
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Thunberg, Christina; Messel, Mari Sælid; Raud, Liisa & Huster, Rene
(2020).
tDCS over the inferior frontal gyri and visual cortices did not improve response inhibition.
Scientific Reports.
doi:
10.1038/s41598-020-62921-z.
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The ability to cancel an already initiated response is central to flexible behavior. While several different behavioral and neural markers have been suggested to quantify the latency of the stopping process, it remains unclear if they quantify the stopping process itself, or other supporting mechanisms such as visual and/or attentional processing. The present study sought to investigate the contributions of inhibitory and sensory processes to stopping latency markers by combining transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) recordings in a within-participant design. Active and sham tDCS were applied over the inferior frontal gyri (IFG) and visual cortices (VC), combined with both online and offline EEG and EMG recordings. We found evidence that neither of the active tDCS condition affected stopping latencies relative to sham stimulation. Our results challenge previous findings suggesting that anodal tDCS over the IFG can reduce stopping latency and demonstrates the necessity of adequate control conditions in tDCS research. Additionally, while the different putative markers of stopping latency showed generally positive correlations with each other, they also showed substantial variation in the estimated latency of inhibition, making it unlikely that they all capture the same construct exclusively.
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Raud, Liisa; Westerhausen, Rene; Dooley, Niamh & Huster, Rene
(2020).
Differences in unity: The go/no-go and stop signal tasks rely on different mechanisms.
NeuroImage.
ISSN 1053-8119.
210,
p. 1–14.
doi:
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116582.
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Response inhibition refers to the suppression of prepared or initiated actions. Typically, the go/no-go task (GNGT) or the stop signal task (SST) are used interchangeably to capture individual differences in response inhibition. On the one hand, factor analytic and conjunction neuroimaging studies support the association of both tasks with a single inhibition construct. On the other hand, studies that directly compare the two tasks indicate distinct mechanisms, corresponding to action restraint and cancellation in the GNGT and SST, respectively. We addressed these contradictory findings with the aim to identify the core differences in the temporal dynamics of the functional networks that are recruited in both tasks. We extracted the time-courses of sensory, motor, attentional, and cognitive control networks by group independent component (G-ICA) analysis of electroencephalography (EEG) data from both tasks. Additionally, electromyography (EMG) from the responding effector muscles was recorded to detect the timing of response inhibition. The results indicated that inhibitory performance in the GNGT may be comparable to response selection mechanisms, reaching peripheral muscles at around 316 ms. In contrast, inhibitory performance in the SST is achieved via biasing of the sensorimotor system in preparation for stopping, followed by fast sensory, motor and frontal integration during outright stopping. Inhibition can be detected at the peripheral level at 140 ms after stop stimulus presentation. The GNGT and the SST therefore seem to recruit widely different neural dynamics, implying that the interchangeable use of superficially similar inhibition tasks in both basic and clinical research is unwarranted.
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Øverbye, Knut; Walhovd, Kristine B; Paus, Tomáš; Fjell, Anders Martin; Huster, Rene & Tamnes, Christian Krog
(2019).
Error processing in the adolescent brain: Age-related differences in electrophysiology, behavioral adaptation, and brain morphology.
Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience.
ISSN 1878-9293.
38.
doi:
10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100665.
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Detecting errors and adjusting behaviour appropriately are fundamental cognitive abilities that are known to improve through adolescence. The cognitive and neural processes underlying this development, however, are still poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we performed a thorough investigation of error processing in a Flanker task in a cross-sectional sample of participants 8 to 19 years of age (n = 98). We examined age-related differences in event-related potentials known to be associated with error processing, namely the error-related negativity (ERN) and the error positivity (Pe), as well as their relationships with task performance, post-error adjustments and regional cingulate cortex thickness and surface area. We found that ERN amplitude increased with age, while Pe amplitude remained constant. A more negative ERN was associated with higher task accuracy and faster reaction times, while a more positive Pe was associated with higher accuracy, independently of age. When estimating post-error adjustments from trials following both incongruent and congruent trials, post-error slowing and post-error improvement in accuracy both increased with age, but this was only found for post-error slowing when analysing trials following incongruent trials. There were no age-independent associations between either ERN or Pe amplitude and cingulate cortex thickness or area measures.
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Kusztor, Aniko; Raud, Liisa; Juel, Bjørn Erik; Nilsen, Andre Sevenius; Storm, Johan Frederik & Huster, Rene
(2019).
Sleep deprivation differentially affects subcomponents of cognitive control.
Sleep.
ISSN 0161-8105.
42(4).
doi:
10.1093/sleep/zsz016.
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Messel, Mari Sælid; Raud, Liisa; Hoff, Per Kristian; Skaftnes, Cecilie Sol & Huster, Rene
(2019).
Strategy switches in proactive inhibitory control and their association with task-general and stopping-specific networks.
Neuropsychologia.
ISSN 0028-3932.
135:107220,
p. 1–11.
doi:
10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107220.
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Prior information about the likelihood of a stop-signal pre-activates networks associated with response inhibition in both go- and stop-trials. How such prior information modulates the neural mechanisms enacting response inhibition is only poorly understood. To investigate this, a cued stop-signal task (with cues indicating stopping probabilities of 0%, 25% or 66%) was implemented in combination with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data acquisition. Specifically, we focused on the effect of proactive inhibitory control as reflected in the activity of regions known to regulate response inhibition. Further, modulatory activity profiles in three different sub-regions of the right inferior frontal area were investigated. Behavioural results revealed an adaptation of task strategies through proactive control, with a possible gain for efficient inhibition at high stopping probabilities. The imaging data indicate that this adaption was supported by different regions traditionally involved in the stopping network. While the right inferior parietal cortex (IPC), right middle frontal gyrus (MFG), right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) pars triangularis, and left anterior insula all showed increased go-trial activity in the 0% condition compared to the 25% condition, the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA), anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC), right anterior insula, and the rIFG pars opercularis showed a more stopping-specific pattern, with stronger stop-trial activity in the 66% condition than in the 25% condition. Furthermore, activity in inferior frontal sub-regions correlated with behavioural changes, where more pronounced response slowing was associated with stronger activity increases from low to high stopping probabilities. Notably, the different right inferior frontal sub-regions showed different activity patterns in response to proactive inhibitory control modulations, supporting the idea of a functional dissociation within this area. Specifically, while the pars opercularis and the right insula showed stopping-related modulations of activity, the rIFG pars triangularis exhibited modulations only in go-trials with strong adaptions to fast responding or proactive slowing. Overall, the results indicate that proactive inhibitory control results in the switching of task or strategy modes, either favouring fast responding or stopping, and that these strategical adaptations are governed by an interplay of different regions of the stopping network.
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Øverbye, Knut; Huster, Rene; Walhovd, Kristine B; Fjell, Anders Martin & Tamnes, Christian Krog
(2018).
Development of the P300 from childhood to adulthood: a multimodal EEG and MRI study.
Brain Structure and Function.
ISSN 1863-2653.
223,
p. 4337–4349.
doi:
10.1007/s00429-018-1755-5.
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Dinteren, Rik van; Huster, Rene; Jongsma, Marijtje L.A.; Kessels, Roy P.C. & Arns, Martijn W.
(2017).
Differences in cortical sources of the event-related P3 potential between young and old participants indicate frontal compensation.
Brain Topography.
ISSN 0896-0267.
31(1),
p. 35–46.
doi:
10.1007/s10548-016-0542-y.
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Raud, Liisa & Huster, Rene
(2017).
The Temporal Dynamics of Response Inhibition and their Modulation by Cognitive Control.
Brain Topography.
ISSN 0896-0267.
30(4),
p. 486–501.
doi:
10.1007/s10548-017-0566-y.
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Behavioral adjustments require interactions between distinct modes of cognitive control and response inhibition. Hypothetically, fast and global inhibition is exerted in the reactive control mode, whereas proactive control enables the preparation of inhibitory pathways in advance while relying on the slower selective inhibitory system. We compared the temporal progression of inhibition in the reactive and proactive control modes using simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) recordings. A selective stop signal task was used where go stimuli required bimanual responses, but only one hand’s response had to be suppressed in stop trials. Reactive and proactive conditions were incorporated by non-informative and informative cues, respectively. In 47% of successful stop trials, subthreshold EMG activity was detected that was interrupted as early as 150 ms after stop stimulus presentation, indicating that inhibition occurs much earlier than previously thought. Inhibition latencies were similar across the reactive and proactive control modes. The EMG of the responding hand in successful selective stop trials indicated a global suppression of ongoing motor actions in the reactive condition, and less inhibitory interference on the ongoing actions in the proactive condition. Group-level second order blind separation (SOBI) was applied to the EEG to dissociate temporally overlapping event-related potentials. The components capturing the N1 and N2 were larger in the reactive than the proactive condition. P3 activity was distributed across four components, three of which were augmented in the proactive condition. Thus, although EEG indices were modulated by the control mode, the inhibition latency remained unaffected.
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Huster, Rene; Schneider, Signe; Lavallee, Christina F.; Enriquez-Geppert, Stefanie & Herrmann, Christoph S.
(2017).
Filling the void - enriching the feature space of successful stopping.
Human Brain Mapping.
ISSN 1065-9471.
38(3),
p. 1333–1346.
doi:
10.1002/hbm.23457.
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Puschmann, Sebastian; Huster, Rene & Thiel, Christine
(2016).
Mapping the spatiotemporal dynamics of processing task-relevant and task-irrelevant sound feature changes using concurrent EEG-fMRI.
Human Brain Mapping.
ISSN 1065-9471.
37(10),
p. 3400–3416.
doi:
10.1002/hbm.23248.
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Vosskuhl, Johannes; Huster, Rene & Herrmann, Christoph S.
(2015).
Increase in short-term memory capacity induced by down-regulating individual theta frequency via transcranial alternating current stimulation.
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience.
9(MAY).
doi:
10.3389/fnhum.2015.00257.
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Huster, Rene; Westerhausen, René; Kreuder, Frank; Woerner, Wolfgang; Schweiger, Elisabeth & Wittling, Werner
(2007).
Morphological asymmetry in the human anterior cingulate cortex.
NeuroImage.
ISSN 1053-8119.
34,
p. 888–895.
doi:
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.10.023.
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Forfatterne har ikke oppgitt UiB i artikkelen. Posten skal ikke rapporteres/aa
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Puszta, Andras; Huster, Rene Jürgen; Solbakk, Anne-Kristin; Funderud, Ingrid; Endestad, Tor & Grane, Venke Arntsberg
(2021).
Task-dependent EEG changes in adult ADHD.
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Objectives
Our aim for the current study was twofold: First, delineate how brain connectivity differs
between the on-task state during a Go-NoGo task and resting state, and whether these
differences are affected by ADHD. Second, we investigated how ADHD impacts event-related
potentials and brain oscillations during response inhibition. While the former aim was
investigated in an exploratory manner, for the second aim our hypothesis was that P300
amplitude and theta power are decreased in ADHD.
Methods
We analysed EEG-datasets of 35 adult ADHD patients and a matched healthy control group.
EEG was recorded while participants performed a Go-NoGo task and during resting-state. We
investigated gamma phase connectivity in the task- and resting state across groups. For the
Go-NoGo task, we analysed P300 peak amplitude and latency as well as theta power across
conditions and groups. Furthermore, we compared behavioral performance between groups,
and evaluated within-group correlations of behavior and EEG parameters.
Results
We observed a significant main effect of Group for gamma phase connectivity, reflecting
increased connectivity in the ADHD- compared to control-group during the task state . We
also observed more commission errors in the ADHD-group. NoGo-P300 amplitudes were
attenuated and peaked earlier (only over frontal leads) in ADHD patients. Moreover, there was
a significant negative correlation between reaction time and both frontal theta power and Go-
P300 amplitude in the healthy control but not the ADHD-group.
Conclusions
Overall, we replicated the ERP-changes reported in earlier studies and behavioral signs of
increased impulsivity. The results indicate that ADHD impacts neural indices of response
inhibition, but (at least in the ADHD cohort) the neural indices did not not correlate with
performance. Furthermore, our results suggest that frontal gamma-band phase connectivity
during task state could be a possible neural marker of ADHD.
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Puszta, Andras; Solbakk, Anne-Kristin; Endestad, Tor; Huster, Rene & Grane, Venke Arntsberg
(2020).
Reduced frontal theta during proactive control in adult ADHD.
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Previous studies report increased frontal theta activity at rest in individuals with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Only few studies investigated task-related frontal theta dynamics in the ADHD population during proactive control.
We analysed EEG-datasets recorded from 35 medication-naive adults with ADHD and 32 matched controls performing a cued Go-NoGo-task. The first stimulus(S1, cue) indicated whether the second stimulus would be a Go-stimulus(50% of S1, relevant cue); of these task-relevant trials, the second stimulus(S2) could be a Go or NoGo-signal(equal probability). Normalized theta-power of each trial between 200 and 500 ms after stimulus onset (relative to both S1 and S2) was used for further analysis. We also tested the correlation between frontal-theta-power and behavioural performance.
We found that frontal theta power after relevant cues (S1) was elevated in the control group, but not in the ADHD-group. Following the S2-stimuli, theta power was higher after NoGo than Go-stimuli, but there was no significant group-difference. Furthermore, we found significant group-differences regarding the correlation between frontal theta-power after the cue(S1) and the behavioural measures (accuracy, reaction time(RT)) across groups: Theta-power correlated negatively with RT and positively with accuracy in both groups, but these correlations were weaker for the ADHD-group. RT and accuracy were not different across the two groups.
Our results indicate a lack of increased frontal theta power to the relevant cues in the ADHD-group, which suggests reduced cognitive effort or a deficit in preparatory attention. Correlation analyses further support the behavioral relevance of these changes in frontal theta dynamics.
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Messel, Mari Sælid; Huster, Rene; Nordvik, Jan Egil & Stubberud, Jan
(2018).
Boosting control with EEG neurofeedback.
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Westerhausen, René; Kreuder, Frank; Huster, Rene; Wittling, Werner & Schweiger, Elisabeth
(2007).
Corticospinal tract asymmetries in handedness: a diffusion-tensor imaging study.
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Westerhausen, René; Huster, Rene; Kreuder, Frank; Schweiger, Elisabeth; Hugdahl, Kenneth & Wittling, Werner
(2007).
Is interhemispheric EEG coherence during resting state related to interindividual structural differences in the corpus callosum?
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Westerhausen, René; Huster, Rene; Kreuder, Frank; Schweiger, Elisabeth; Hugdahl, Kenneth & Wittling, Werner
(2007).
Interhemispheric coherence during resting state is related to interindividual differences in callosal microstructure.
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Published
July 3, 2015 3:14 PM
- Last modified
Mar. 14, 2023 12:56 PM
