Kaja Sparre Bakke

• Goldstein, Daniel A. N.; Bakke, Kaja Sparre; Dahlum, Sirianne & Wig, Tore (2026). Elites as Democratic Gatekeepers: Theory and Evidence from Norway. Open Science Framework (OSF). doi: 10.31235/osf.io/2rwgt_v2. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Numerous studies have examined voters’ support for democracy and reactions to democratic violations by elites. Yet, we know less about the democratic preferences of political elites. This gap matters because elites may act as ``democratic gatekeepers'' by blocking autocratic colleagues from power. We develop a theory of elite gatekeeping and test it using pre-registered survey experiments on a sample of approximately 2,000 national, regional, and local representatives and party officials in Norway. Using multiple experimental designs, we measure internal gatekeeping -- the willingness to punish anti-democratic colleagues within one's own party -- and external gatekeeping -- the willingness to block a governing coalition with anti-democratic parties. Elites engage in both, but neither is absolute: the penalty for anti-democratic behavior is no larger than for ordinary misconduct, and roughly 70% would accept an anti-democratic coalition partner when it secures a governing majority. Democracy's gatekeepers may be less steadfast than they appear.

• Stai, Nora Kristine; Tryggestad, Torunn Lise; Obermeier, Anna Marie & Bakke, Kaja Sparre (2025). Women Ambassadors in the UN Security Council: Are They Shaping the Practice of Diplomacy? I Stephenson, Elise & Rathore, Khushi Singh (Red.), Gender and Diplomacy: Critical Junctures, Innovations and Future Research Directions. Palgrave Macmillan. ISSN 9783031830631. s. 225–257. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-83064-8_9. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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• Goldstein, Daniel Alexander Novick; Bakke, Kaja Sparre; Dahlum, Sirianne & Wig, Tore (2026). Elites as Democratic Gatekeepers: Theory and Evidence from Norway. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Goldstein, Daniel Alexander Novick; Wig, Tore; Dahlum, Sirianne & Bakke, Kaja Sparre (2025). Elites as Democratic Gatekeepers: Theory and Evidence from Norway. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Studies of democratic backsliding suggest that political elites can, but often fail to, serve as ``democratic gatekeepers'' by punishing autocratic colleagues to protect democracy. While there is a substantial body of literature examining voters' preferences for democracy and their reactions to democratic violations by elites, we know less about elites' preferences for democratic gatekeeping in contemporary democracies. We develop a theory of democratic gatekeeping among political elites in democracies, examining the practice within and between parties. We then tested the implications of this theory in a pre-registered survey targeting approximately 11,000 national and local elected representatives and party officials in Norway, which is widely considered a stable, consolidated democracy. Using various experimental approaches, we reveal the preferences of Norwegian political elites regarding gatekeeping when exposed to anti-democratic party colleagues and anti-democratic political parties as potential coalition partners.

• Wig, Tore; Dahlum, Sirianne; Goldstein, Daniel Alexander Novick & Bakke, Kaja Sparre (2024). Elite commitments to democracy: Experimental evidence from Norway. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Goldstein, Daniel Alexander Novick; Wig, Tore; Dahlum, Sirianne & Bakke, Kaja Sparre (2024). Elite Commitments to Democracy: Evidence from Norway. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Goldstein, Daniel Alexander Novick; Wig, Tore; Dahlum, Sirianne & Bakke, Kaja Sparre (2024). Elite Commitments to Democracy: Evidence from Norway. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

Se alle arbeider i NVA