Tom Christensen

• Askim, Jostein & Christensen, Tom (2022). Crisis decision-making inside the core executive: Rationality, bureaucratic politics, standard procedures and the COVID-19 lockdown. Public Policy and Administration. ISSN 0952-0767. doi: 10.1177/09520767221129676. Vis sammendrag

  The article explains how the unprecedented pandemic management decision to lock down the country came about, using the case of Norway and drawing on unique interview material from political and administrative executives. Urgency and precaution were the government’s primary considerations in March 2020, with proportionality and due process only peripheral decision premises. Voices of moderation were drowned out at critical moments to pave the way for a lockdown. Moreover, Norway’s lockdown decision lacked distinct and official agency, with none of the key actors able to say precisely when, where and by whom this decision of unprecedented size and scope had been taken. An interpretation using Graham Allison’s analytical models shows that the rational policy model most accurately captures the case. The suggested implication is that when senior political executives take active control of an ultra-high-stakes process, decisions are unlikely to be the product of political resultants or organisational output.

• Lund-Tønnesen, Jonas & Christensen, Tom (2022). The dynamics of governance capacity and legitimacy: the case of a digital tracing technology during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Public Management Journal. ISSN 1096-7494. doi: 10.1080/10967494.2022.2112328.
• Wang, Yihuan; Ma, Liang & Christensen, Tom (2022). The hybridization of policy learning in multilevel regimes: a case study of the long-term care insurance in China. Journal of Asian Public Policy. ISSN 1751-6234. doi: 10.1080/17516234.2022.2103392.
• Chen, Sicheng; Christensen, Tom & Liang, Man (2022). Reputation Management and Administrative Reorganization: How Different Media Reputation Dimensions Matter for Agency Termination. Journal of public administration research and theory. ISSN 1053-1858. doi: 10.1093/jopart/muac028.
• Frank, Ohemeng & Christensen, Tom (2022). Guest editorial: Rethinking the state of the administrative state: Is the state back in? International Journal of Public Sector Management. ISSN 0951-3558. 35(4), s. 373–387. doi: 10.1108/IJPSM-05-2022-349.
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2022). Special Issue on The Scientization of Public Decision-Making Processes – the Relevance for the Handling of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Public Organization Review. ISSN 1566-7170. doi: 10.1007/s11115-022-00632-x.
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2022). Scientization under pressure—The problematic role of expert bodies during the handling of the COVID-19 pandemic. Public Organization Review. ISSN 1566-7170. s. 1–17. doi: 10.1007/s11115-022-00605-0.
• Kaibing, Zhong; Yihong, Liu & Christensen, Tom (2022). Crisis coordination in centralized regimes: Explaining china's strategy for combatting the COVID-19 pandemic. International Public Management Journal. ISSN 1096-7494. doi: 10.1080/10967494.2022.2073411.
• Xiaolong, Tian & Christensen, Tom (2022). Leading groups: public sector reform with Chinese characteristics in a post-NPM era. International Public Management Journal. ISSN 1096-7494. doi: 10.1080/10967494.2022.2046665.
• Fan, Ziteng; Christensen, Tom & Ma, Liang (2022). Policy attention and the adoption of public sector innovation. Public Management Review. ISSN 1471-9037. doi: 10.1080/14719037.2022.2050283.
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2021). Performance management: Experiences and challenge. I W.Bartley, Hildreth (Red.), Routledge Handbook of Public Administration. Routledge. ISSN 9781498750035.
• Liang, Ma; Christensen, Tom & Yueping, Zheng (2021). Government technological capacity and public–private partnerships regarding digital service delivery: evidence from Chinese cities. International Review of Administrative Sciences. ISSN 0020-8523. doi: 10.1177/00208523211018849.
• Yihong, Liu & Christensen, Tom (2021). The long-term development of crisis management in China—Continuity, institutional punctuations and reforms. Review of Policy Research. ISSN 1541-132X. doi: 10.1111/ropr.12455. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2021). The Logic of Appropriateness . A Central Concept of Institutional Theory. I Christine, Beckman (Red.), Carnegie goes to California: Advancing and Celebrating the Work of James G. March.. Emerald Group Publishing Limited. ISSN 978-1-80043-979-5. s. 179–200. doi: https%3A/doi.org/10.1108/S0733-558X20210000076008.
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2021). REPRESENTATIVE AND RESPONSIBLE BUREAUCRACY: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OVER 40 YEARS OF NORWEGIAN CENTRAL GOVERNMENT. I Pinheiro, Romulo & Trondal, Jarle (Red.), Organizing and Governing Governmental Institutions. Fagbokforlaget. ISSN 978-82-450-3532-2. s. 403–424.
• Christensen, Tom (2021). The Social Policy Response to COVID-19 – The Failure to Help Vulnerable Children and Elderly People. Public Organization Review. ISSN 1566-7170. doi: 10.1007/s11115-021-00560-2. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Cheng, Bo; Christensen, Tom; Ma, Liang & Yu, Junli (2021). Does public money drive out private? Evidence from government regulations of industrial overcapacity governance in urban China. International Review of Economics and Finance. ISSN 1059-0560. doi: 10.1016/j.iref.2021.07.012.
• Christensen, Tom & Ma, Liang (2021). Comparing SARS and COVID-19: Challenges of Governance Capacity and Legitimacy. Public Organization Review. ISSN 1566-7170. 21(4), s. 629–645. doi: 10.1007/s11115-021-00510-y.
• Klausen, Jan Erling; Askim, Jostein & Christensen, Tom (2021). Local Government Reform: Compromise Through Cross-Cutting Cleavages . Political Studies Review. ISSN 1478-9299. doi: 10.1177/1478929919887649. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Public sector reforms often take place in heterogeneous reform environments. Key political, administrative, and societal actors often advocate different definitions of problems and solutions. A major leadership challenge is to choose a reform strategy that ensures the requisite level of support, even when the initial conflict structure is highly complex. Using cleavage theory, we develop assumptions about how the reform leader’s assessment of the initial conflict affects the leader’s choice between three distinct reform strategies. These assumptions are applied to a case study of a complex and contested public sector reform, Norway’s national local government reform. We show how the government’s choice of a reform strategy can be understood in light of cleavage theory, and discuss the implications of these findings for further theory development.

• Wu, Shuai & Christensen, Tom (2020). Corruption and Accountability in China's Rural Poverty Governance: Main Features from Village and Township Cadres. International Journal of Public Administration. ISSN 0190-0692. s. 1–11. doi: 10.1080/01900692.2020.1765799. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2020). ICT use in central government: Scope, predictors and effects on coordination quality. International Journal of Public Administration. ISSN 0190-0692. s. 1–14. doi: 10.1080/01900692.2020.1851256. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2020). The Norwegian Government Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic. I Paul, Joyce; Fabienne, Maron & Purshottama Sivanarain, Reddy (Red.), Good Public Governance in a Global Pandemic. IIAS Public Governance Series. ISSN 978-2-931003-02-2. s. 339–348. doi: doi/org/10.46996/pgs.v1e1.
• Khan, Tayyeb Ali & Christensen, Tom (2020). Challenges of Implementing a Performance and Reward System in Higher Education Institutions in Pakistan: Perceptions of Top Leaders in Contending Regulatory Bodies. Public Organization Review. ISSN 1566-7170. doi: 10.1007/s11115-020-00486-1. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2020). The coronavirus crisis—crisis communication, meaning-making, and reputation management. International Public Management Journal. ISSN 1096-7494. 23(5), s. 713–729. doi: 10.1080/10967494.2020.1812455. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Christensen, Tom & Ma, Liang (2020). Chinese University Administrations: Chinese Characteristics or Global Influence? International Public Management Journal. ISSN 1096-7494. doi: 10.1057/s41307-020-00208-8. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2020). Balancing Governance Capacity and Legitimacy: How the Norwegian Government Handled the COVID-19 Crisis as a High Performer. Public Administration Review. ISSN 0033-3352. doi: 10.1111/puar.13241. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Christensen, Tom; Gavrila, S.Gabriela; Ma, Liang & Ramirez, Francisco O. (2020). Reputation management by Chinese universities: Primary profile and comparative features. Public Administration. ISSN 0033-3298. doi: 10.1111/padm.12679. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Xiaolong, Tian & Christensen, Tom (2020). Ambiguous hybridity? Main features of China's service-oriented government reform. International Journal of Public Sector Management. ISSN 0951-3558. 33(4). doi: 10.1108/IJPSM-09-2019-0241. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2020). The Demise of an Agency Director – A Puzzling Saga of Political Control and Professional Autonomy. International Journal of Public Administration. ISSN 0190-0692. doi: 10.1080/01900692.2019.1707224. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Xiaolong, Tian & Christensen, Tom (2020). Myths, instrumental reality, or cultural change? Modern service-oriented government reforms in China. International Public Management Journal. ISSN 1096-7494. doi: 10.1080/10967494.2019.1710311. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2019). Coordination Quality:Perceptions and Drivers Among Civil Servants. I Farazmand, Ali (Red.), Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance 2019. Springer. ISSN 978-3-319-20928-9. doi: https%3A/doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_3829-1.
• Christensen, Tom (2019). Organization Theory and Public Administration. I Thompson, William R. (Red.), Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics. Oxford University Press. ISSN 9780190228637. doi: 10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.1439. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Christensen, Tom; Yamamoto, Kiyoshi & Aoyagi, Saizo (2019). Trust in Local Government: Service Satisfaction, Culture, and Demography. Administration & Society. ISSN 0095-3997. s. 1–29. doi: 10.1177/0095399719897392. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Liu, Siyu & Christensen, Tom (2019). All Roads Lead To Rome? The Contingency Factors Of Institutional Integration. A Comparative Case Study On Environmental Institutional Reform In Guangdong, China. International Public Management Journal. ISSN 1096-7494. s. 1–28. doi: 10.1080/10967494.2019.1663327.
• Chen, Sicheng; Christensen, Tom & Ma, Liang (2019). Competing for father's love? The politics of central government agency termination in China. Governance. An International Journal of Policy, Administration and Institutions. ISSN 0952-1895. s. 1–17. doi: 10.1111/gove.12405. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Christensen, Tom & Gornitzka, Åse (2019). Reputation Management in Public Agencies: The Relevance of Time, Sector, Audience, and Tasks. Administration & Society. ISSN 0095-3997. 51(6), s. 885–914. doi: 10.1177/0095399718771387. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Christensen, Tom; Lægreid, Ole Martin & Lægreid, Per (2019). Administrative coordination capacity; does the wickedness of policy areas matter? Policy and Society: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Policy Research. ISSN 1449-4035. s. 237–254. doi: 10.1080/14494035.2019.1584147. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Christensen, Tom; Lægreid, Per & Rykkja, Lise H. (2019). The Co-evolution of Reputation Management, Governance Capacity, Legitimacy and Accountability in Crisis Managment. I Gephart, Robert P.; Miller, C.Chet & Helgesson, Karin Svedberg (Red.), The Routledge Companion to Risk, Crisis and Emergency Management. Routledge. ISSN 9781138208865. s. 177–191. doi: 10.4324/9781315458175-15. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tian, Xiaolong & Christensen, Tom (2019). Beyond NPM to Post-NPM? A Study of China’s Government Reforms Over the Past 40 Years . American Review of Public Administration. ISSN 0275-0740. 49(7), s. 855–865. doi: 10.1177/0275074019849122. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Christensen, Tom; Lægreid, Per & Rykkja, Lise H. (2019). How to Balance Individual Rights and Societal Security? The View of Civil Servants. Studies in Conflict and Terrorism. ISSN 1057-610X. doi: 10.1080/1057610X.2018.1538187. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  How do Norwegian government officials perceive the dilemma between liberty and security after the 2011 terrorist attacks? A survey from 2016 shows that the central government officials’ attitudes are rather similar to the general population. Both are willing to trade individual rights for more societal security. Structural, cultural, and demographic features explain variations in the civil servants’ views. Position and perceptions of crisis management capacity make a difference. Officials responsible for crisis management are more willing to prioritize security. Low conflict, high trust, and a strong identification with central government creates support for security measures. Furthermore, age and gender matter.

• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2019). Coordination quality in central government – the case of Norway. Public Organization Review. ISSN 1566-7170. s. 1–18. doi: 10.1007/s11115-018-00434-0. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Christensen, Tom & Klemsdal, Lars (2019). Social Science Disciplines in Complex Development Contexts - the Professional Dimension of Reputation Management. I Christensen, Tom; Gornitzka, Åse & Ramirez, Francisco O. (Red.), Universities as Agencies. Reputation and Professionalization. Palgrave Macmillan. ISSN 978-3-319-92712-1. s. 117–154. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-92713-8_5. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Ma, Liang & Christensen, Tom (2019). Reputation Profiles of Chinese Universities - Converging with Global Trends or National Characteristics? I Christensen, Tom; Gornitzka, Åse & Ramirez, Francisco O. (Red.), Universities as Agencies. Reputation and Professionalization. Palgrave Macmillan. ISSN 978-3-319-92712-1. s. 93–116. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-92713-8_4. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Christensen, Tom & Gornitzka, Åse (2019). Reputation Management in Nordic Universities - Profile and Development over Time. I Christensen, Tom; Gornitzka, Åse & Ramirez, Francisco O. (Red.), Universities as Agencies. Reputation and Professionalization. Palgrave Macmillan. ISSN 978-3-319-92712-1. s. 43–66. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-92713-8_2. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Christensen, Tom; Gornitzka, Åse & Ramirez, Francisco O. (2019). Reputation Management, Social Embeddedness, and Rationalization of Universities. I Christensen, Tom; Gornitzka, Åse & Ramirez, Francisco O. (Red.), Universities as Agencies. Reputation and Professionalization. Palgrave Macmillan. ISSN 978-3-319-92712-1. s. 3–42. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-92713-8_1. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Christensen, Tom (2019). Blind Spots: Organizational and Institutional Biases in Intra- and Inter-organizational Contexts. I Bach, Tobias & Wegrich, Kai (Red.), The Blind Spots of Public Bureaucracy and the Politics of Non‐Coordination. Palgrave Macmillan. ISSN 978-3-319-76671-3. s. 49–68. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-76672-0_3. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Christensen, Tom (2018). Komparative reformtrender og norsk politireform - strukturelle trekk og kulturelle brudd? I Sørli, Vanja Lundgren & Larsson, Paul (Red.), Politireformer: Idealer, realiteter, retorikk og praksis. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 9788202609016. s. 57–72.
• Christensen, Tom; Yamamoto, Kiyoshi & Aoyagi, Saizo (2018). Hybridity in the Public Sector?Comparing Development Features in Municipalities in Japan and Norway. International Journal of Public Administration. ISSN 0190-0692. s. 1–14. doi: 10.1080/01900692.2018.1524410. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Weng, Shihong & Christensen, Tom (2018). The community philanthropic foundation: A new form of independent public service provider in China? Public Policy and Administration. ISSN 0952-0767. doi: 10.1177/0952076718784642. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2018). Crisis Management Capacity in Central Government: The Perceptions of Civil Servants in Norway. I Lægreid, Per & Rykkja, Lise H. (Red.), Societal Security and Crisis Management. Governance Capacity and Legitimacy. Palgrave Macmillan. ISSN 978-3-319-92302-4. s. 225–246. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-92303-1_12. Vis sammendrag

  This book studies governance capacity and governance legitimacy for societal security and crisis management. It highlights the importance of building organizational capacity by focusing on the coordination of public resources and underscores the relevance of legitimacy by emphasizing the importance of public perceptions, attitudes, and trust vis-à-vis government arrangements for crisis management. The authors explore several cases and identify relevant dimensions concerning performance, capacity and legitimacy across different countries. It is an ideal volume for audiences interested in public administration, public policy, crisis management and security studies.

• Ma, Liang & Christensen, Tom (2018). Government Trust, Social Trust, and Citizens’ Risk Concerns: Evidence from Crisis Management in China. Public Performance and Management Review. ISSN 1530-9576. doi: 10.1080/15309576.2018.1464478. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Ma, Liang & Christensen, Tom (2018). Same Bed, Different Dreams? Structural Factors and Leadership Characteristics of Central Government Agency Reform in China. International Public Management Journal. ISSN 1096-7494. doi: 10.1080/10967494.2018.1450311. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Ma, Liang & Christensen, Tom (2018). Mapping the evolution of the central government apparatus in China. International Review of Administrative Sciences. ISSN 0020-8523. doi: 10.1177/0020852317749025. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Christensen, Tom & Ma, Liang (2018). Coordination Structures and Mechanisms for Crisis Management in China: Challenges of Complexity. Public Organization Review. ISSN 1566-7170. s. 1–18. doi: 10.1007/s11115-018-0423-9. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Christensen, Tom; Lægreid, Per & Rykkja, Lise H. (2018). Organizing for Societal Security and Crisis Management: Governance Capacity and Legitimacy . I Lægreid, Per & Rykkja, Lise H. (Red.), Societal Security and Crisis Management. Governance Capacity and Legitimacy. Palgrave Macmillan. ISSN 978-3-319-92302-4. s. 1–23. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-92303-1_1. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This book studies governance capacity and governance legitimacy for societal security and crisis management. It highlights the importance of building organizational capacity by focusing on the coordination of public resources and underscores the relevance of legitimacy by emphasizing the importance of public perceptions, attitudes, and trust vis-à-vis government arrangements for crisis management. The authors explore several cases and identify relevant dimensions concerning performance, capacity and legitimacy across different countries. It is an ideal volume for audiences interested in public administration, public policy, crisis management and security studies.

• Frølich, Nicoline; Christensen, Tom & Stensaker, Bjørn (2018). Strengthening the strategic capacity of public universities: The role of internal governance models. Public Policy and Administration. ISSN 0952-0767. 34(4), s. 475–493. doi: 10.1177/0952076718762041. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Governments in Europe have emphasized the development of more autonomous public universities over the last couple of decades. Often, the aim of these reform policies has been to stimulate to a more competitive and agile higher education sector, where increased formal autonomy is perceived as a key condition to strengthen the strategic capacity of universities. These reforms have resulted in considerable shifts in the internal governance models of some universities, while others have kept their traditional governance models. In this article, instrumental and cultural perspectives derived from organizational theory are used as lenses to compare how universities with different internal governance models organize and structure their strategic development processes. Our findings suggest that internal governance models have little impact on the design and organization of strategic processes. In conclusion, it is argued that changes in internal governance arrangements alone are not enough to drive transformation in higher education institutions, and the issue of formal institutional autonomy is intimately linked to how various policy instruments at the system level are designed and coordinated.

• Christensen, Tom; Lægreid, Per & Rykkja, Lise H. (2018). Reforming the Norwegian police between structure and culture: Community police or emergency police. Public Policy and Administration. ISSN 0952-0767. 33(3), s. 241–259. doi: 10.1177/0952076717709523. Vis sammendrag

  This article examines the reform of the police in Norway between 2012 to 2015 drawing upon central public reports and official documents leading up to the reform. These include the report from the official Inquiry Commission into the police response to the terrorist attacks in Oslo and at Utøya in July 2011, a report issued by a Public commission in 2013 – established to analyze challenges within the police – and the resulting government proposal and parliamentary discussion that culminated in a decision to create a new police structure in 2015. While governance capacity and the need for a stronger emergency police were a main concern throughout the process, the importance of governance legitimacy and of maintaining a community police force became more important towards the end. The organizational thinking behind the reform is explained in terms of a structural and an institutional perspective. The analysis shows that both cultural and structural change was seen as prominent instruments for improving the police force, but they were emphasized differently at different points during the process. The analysis demonstrates that political context, agenda settings, attention shifting and situational factors as well as path dependency were important drivers of the reform.

• Christensen, Tom & Fan, Yongmao (2018). Post-New Public Management: a new administrative paradigm for China? International Review of Administrative Sciences. ISSN 0020-8523. 84(2), s. 389–404. doi: 10.1177/0020852316633513.
• Christensen, Tom & Lodge, Martin (2018). Reputation Management in Social Security: A Comparative Analysis. American Review of Public Administration. ISSN 0275-0740. 48(2), s. 119–132. doi: 10.1177/0275074016670030.
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2017). An Organizational Approach to Public Administration. I Ongaro, Edoardo & van Thiel, Sandra (Red.), The Palgrave Handbook of Public Administration and Management in Europe. Palgrave Macmillan. ISSN 978-1-137-55268-6. s. 1087–1105.
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2017). An Organization Approach to Public Administration. I Ongaro, Edoardo & van Thiel, Sandra (Red.), The Palgrave Handbook of Public Administration and Management in Europe. Palgrave Macmillan. ISSN 978-1-137-55268-6. s. 1087–1104. doi: 10.1057/978-1-137-55269-3_55.
• Bjurstrøm, Karl Hagen & Christensen, Tom (2017). Government Institutions and State Reforms. I Knutsen, Oddbjørn P. (Red.), The Nordic Models in Political Science : Challenged, but Still Viable?. Fagbokforlaget. ISSN 978-82-450-2175-2. s. 149–169.
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2017). An Organizational Approach to Public Administration. I Ongaro, Edoardo & van Thiel, Sandra (Red.), The Palgrave Handbook of Public Administration and Management in Europe. Palgrave Macmillan. ISSN 978-1-137-55268-6. s. 1087–1104.
• Christensen, Tom; Lægreid, Per & Rykkja, Lise H. (2017). Establishing a National Police Emergency Response Center: How Urgency Led to Delay. Risk, Hazards & Crisis in Public Policy (RHCPP). ISSN 1944-4079. doi: 10.1002/rhc3.12132.
• Ying, Qianwei; Fan, Yongmao; Luo, Danglun & Christensen, Tom (2017). Resources allocation in Chinese universities: hierarchy, academic excellence, or both? Oxford Review of Education. ISSN 0305-4985. 43(6), s. 659–676. doi: 10.1080/03054985.2017.1295930.
• Christensen, Tom (2017). Strategisk kompetanseledelse som fenomen: mote eller ny substans? I Heier, Tormod (Red.), Kompetanseforvaltning i Forsvaret. Fagbokforlaget. ISSN 978-82-450-2117-2. s. 53–68.
• Wang, Bing & Christensen, Tom (2017). The Open Public Value Account and Comprehensive Social Development: An Assessment of China and the United States. Administration & Society. ISSN 0095-3997. 49(6), s. 852–881. doi: 10.1177/0095399715587522. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Aberbach, Joel D. & Christensen, Tom (2017). Academic Autonomy and Freedom Under Pressure: Severely Limited, or Alive and Kicking? Public Organization Review. ISSN 1566-7170. s. 1–20. doi: 10.1007/s11115-017-0394-2. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Christensen, Tom & Gornitzka, Åse (2017). Reputation Management in Complex Environments — A Comparative Study of University Organizations. Higher Education Policy. ISSN 0952-8733. 30(1), s. 123–140. doi: 10.1057/s41307-016-0010-z.
• Samset, Knut Fredrik & Christensen, Tom (2017). Ex Ante Project Evaluation and the Complexity of Early Decision-Making. Public Organization Review. ISSN 1566-7170. 17(1). doi: 10.1007/s11115-015-0326-y. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Christensen, Tom & Lodge, Martin (2016). Accountability, transparency and societal security. I Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (Red.), The Routledge Handbook to Accountability and Welfare State Reforms in Europe. Routledge. ISSN 978-1-472-47059-1. s. 165–179.
• Christensen, Tom; Larsen, Flemming & Vrangbæk, Karsten (2016). Hybrid welfare administrative systems and changing accountability relations: comparing the development of the Danish and Norwegian systems. I Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (Red.), The Routledge Handbook to Accountability and Welfare State Reforms in Europe. Routledge. ISSN 978-1-472-47059-1. s. 61–74.
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2016). Accountability relations in unsettled situations: administrative reform and crisis. I Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (Red.), The Routledge Handbook to Accountability and Welfare State Reforms in Europe. Routledge. ISSN 978-1-472-47059-1. s. 165–179.
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2016). Introduction: accountability and welfare state reforms. I Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (Red.), The Routledge Handbook to Accountability and Welfare State Reforms in Europe. Routledge. ISSN 978-1-472-47059-1. s. 1–12.
• Byrkjeflot, Haldor; Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2016). Accountability in multilevel health care services: the case of Norway. I Mattei, Paola (Red.), Public Accountability and Health Care Governance. Public Management Reforms Between Austerity and Democracy. Palgrave Macmillan. ISSN 978-1-137-47298-4. s. 115–146. doi: 10.1057/978-1-137-47299-1_6.
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2016). A Transformative Perspective. I Van de Walle, Steven & Groeneveld, Sandra (Red.), Theory and Practice of Public Sector Reform. Routledge. ISSN 9781138887411. s. 27–43.
• Christensen, Tom; Lægreid, Per & Rykkja, Lise H. (2016). Organizing for crisis management: building governance capacity and legitimacy. Public Administration Review. ISSN 0033-3352. 76(6), s. 887–897. doi: 10.1111/puar.12558. Vis sammendrag

  What makes a well-functioning governmental crisis management system, and how can this be studied using an organization theory–based approach? A core argument is that such a system needs both governance capacity and governance legitimacy. Organizational arrangements as well as the legitimacy of government authorities will affect crisis management performance. A central argument is that both structural features and cultural context matter, as does the nature of the crisis. Is it a transboundary crisis? How unique is it, and how much uncertainty is associated with it? The arguments are substantiated with empirical examples and supported by a literature synthesis, focusing on public administration research. A main conclusion is that there is no optimal formula for harmonizing competing interests and tensions or for overcoming uncertainty and ambiguous government structures. Flexibility and adaptation are key assets, which are constrained by the political, administrative, and situational context. Furthermore, a future research agenda is indicated.

• Christensen, Tom; Lægreid, Per & Rykkja, Lise H. (2016). Ambiguities of Accountability and Attention – Analyzing the Failure of a Preventive Security Project. Scandinavian Journal of Public Administration. ISSN 2001-7405. 20(1), s. 21–44. Vis sammendrag

  The article examines the failed implementation of a Security Project initiated by the Norwegian government in 2004, prior to the terrorist attack in Oslo 2011. Sustaining societal safety and ensuring adequate crisis management is a typical ‘wicked problem’, stretching across government levels, policy sectors and organizational borders and creating problems for governance capacity. The authors apply an instrumental and a ‘garbage can’ approach to explain what happened in the case of the Security Project. The case analysis shows that attention and commitment to the project was lacking. Central actors did not have the necessary interest and capacity to implement the project. There were considerable accountability ambiguities due to complex organizational structures and conflicting roles. In this situation, ‘local rationality’ outplayed collective instrumental rationality. The study adds to our general understanding of the challenges of handling ‘wicked problems’ in public policy as well as to the literature on crisis management and societal security in public administration. In particular, the study shows how a governmental structure characterized by strong sectoral ‘pillars’ trumps ambiguous, shared and complex accountability measures; contributing to deepening the insights into the implications of ‘negative coordination’.

• Christensen, Tom; Danielsen, Ole Andreas; Lægreid, Per & Rykkja, Lise H. (2016). COMPARING COORDINATION STRUCTURES FOR CRISIS MANAGEMENT IN SIX COUNTRIES. Public Administration. ISSN 0033-3298. 94(2), s. 316–332. doi: 10.1111/padm.12186. Vis sammendrag

  The article analyses organizational structures and coordination mechanisms for crisis management in six European countries, focusing on the prevalence of hierarchical and network arrangements, administrative culture and perceptions of coordination quality. The main research question concerns how important collaboration and cooperation are within the policy area. We apply a structural–instrumental and a cultural perspective, and examine data on formal organizational structures as well as survey data from administrative executives. The mapping reveals hybrid coordination arrangements with different national ‘flavours’. The survey data shows that the executives accorded significant weight to coordination, but the use of different coordination mechanisms was only loosely linked to their assessments of coordination quality. Our findings support a view of public administration as a largely composite system combining contradictory organizational principles that have evolved through institutional layering. National context and the specific challenges from different types of crises therefore influence crisis management capacity profoundly.

• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2015). Strategic Management in Norwegian Welfare Administration. I Ferlie, E. & Ongaro, R. (Red.), Strategic Management in Public Service Organizations. Routledge. ISSN 9780415855372. s. 152–154. doi: 10.1080/01900692.2015.1069840.
• Christensen, Tom (2015). A new opera house: combining entrepreneurship, garbage can features and windows of opportunity. International Review of Administrative Sciences. ISSN 0020-8523. 81(4), s. 734–751. doi: 10.1177/0020852314558036.
• Jantz, Bastian; Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2015). Performance Management and Accountability: The Welfare Administration Reform in Norway and Germany. International Journal of Public Administration. ISSN 0190-0692. 38(13), s. 947–959. doi: 10.1080/01900692.2015.1069838.
• Askim, Jostein; Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2015). Accountability and performance management: the Norwegian hospital, welfare, and immigration administration. International Journal of Public Administration. ISSN 0190-0692. 38(13), s. 971–982. doi: 10.1080/01900692.2015.1069840.
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2015). A Norwegian tradition of studying public administration. Bounded rationality and institutional features combined. I Dohler, Marian; Franzke, Jochen & Wegrich, Kai (Red.), Der gut organisierte Staat. Nomos. ISSN 9783848720620. s. 53–71. doi: 10.5771/9783845262703-54.
• Christensen, Tom (2015). Direktoratsledelse. I Johannessen, Stig O. & Glomseth, Rune (Red.), Politiledelse. Gyldendal Akademisk. ISSN 9788205480179. s. 173–190.
• Mattei, Paola; Christensen, Tom & Pilaar, Jeremy (2015). Conflicting Accountabilities in the 2012 Health Care Reforms in England. International Journal of Public Administration. ISSN 0190-0692. 38, s. 461–472. doi: 10.1080/01900692.2014.949741.
• Christensen, Tom; Lægreid, Per & Rykkja, Lise H. (2015). The challenges of coordination in national security management – the case of the terrorist attack in Norway. International Review of Administrative Sciences. ISSN 0020-8523. 81(2), s. 352–372. doi: 10.1177/0020852314564307. Vis sammendrag

  The article addresses a ‘wicked problem’: Organizing for internal security and societal safety. It examines the central emergency and crisis management under the terrorist attack in Norway in July 2011, with a special focus on the coordinating role of the Ministry of Justice (MJ). Our analysis is based on an in-depth qualitative analysis of relevant official documents and interviews with government officials, using a structural-instrumental and a cultural-institutional perspective to understand outcomes. There is a consensus when it comes to diagnosing the problems, identified as fragmentation, pulverization of accountability and weak coordination arrangements. The organizational changes have been cautious and incremental, however. A gradual upgrading of the MJ as an overarching coordinating ministry does not challenge the existing principles of ministerial responsibility. Suggested solutions are beset with ambiguity and conflicts, and there is a mismatch between problems and available solutions.

• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2015). Reputation management in times of crisis - how the police handled the Norwegian terrorist attack in 2011. I Wæraas, Arild & Maor, Moshe (Red.), Organizational Reputation in the Public Sector. Routledge. ISSN 9780415729772.
• Lisheng, Dong; Qun, Cui & Christensen, Tom (2014). Local Public Service Provision in China - An Institutional Analysis. Croatian and Comparative Public Administration. ISSN 1848-0357. 15(3), s. 617–644.
• Byrkjeflot, Haldor; Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2014). The Many Faces of Accountability: Comparing Reforms in Welfare, Hospitals and Migration . Scandinavian Political Studies. ISSN 0080-6757. 37 (2), s. 171–195. doi: 10.1111/1467-9477.12019.
• Dong, Lisheng; Christensen, Tom & Painter, Martin (2014). Health Care Reform in China: An Analysis of Development Trends and Lack of Implementation. International Public Management Journal. ISSN 1096-7494. 17(4), s. 493–514. doi: 10.1080/10967494.2014.958802.
• Lisheng, Dong; Christensen, Tom; Zhiqin, Shou & Painter, Martin (2014). One-Stop Reform in China as Sequencing: A Case of Chuzhou City. Journal of US-China Public Administration. ISSN 1548-6591. 11(7), s. 564–578.
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2014). Performance and Accountability-A Theoretical Discussion and an Empirical Assessment. Public Organization Review. ISSN 1566-7170. s. 1–19. doi: 10.1007/s11115-013-0267-2.
• Christensen, Tom; Gornitzka, Åse & Maassen, Peter (2014). Global Pressures and National Cultures: A Nordic University Template? I Mattei, Paola (Red.), University Adaptation in Difficult Economic Times. Oxford University Press. ISSN 978-0-19-998939-3. s. 30–51. doi: 10.1093/acprof%3Aoso/9780199989393.003.0003.
• Aberbach, Joel D. & Christensen, Tom (2014). Why Reforms So Often Disappoint. American Review of Public Administration. ISSN 0275-0740. 44(1), s. 3–16. doi: 10.1177/0275074013504128.
• Christensen, Tom; Fimreite, Anne Lise & Lægreid, Per (2014). Joined-up government for welfare administration reform in Norway. Public Organization Review. ISSN 1566-7170. 14(4), s. 439–456. doi: 10.1007/s11115-013-0237-8.
• Samset, Knut Fredrik & Christensen, Tom (2013). Evaluering av prosjekter ex ante og expost - og beslutningsprosessenes kompleksitet og betydning. I Halvorsen, Anne; Madsen, Einar Lier & Jentoft, Nina (Red.), Evaluering. Tradisjoner, praksis, mangfold. Fagbokforlaget. ISSN 978-82-450-1331-3. s. 102–119.
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2013). Welfare administration refrom between coordination and specialization. International Journal of Public Administration. ISSN 0190-0692. 36(8), s. 555–566. doi: 10.1080/01900692.2013.772628.
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2013). Contexts and administrative reforms: a transformative approach. I Pollitt, Christopher (Red.), Context in public policy and management. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISSN 978-1-78195-513-0. s. 131–156. doi: 10.4337/9781781955147.00019.
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2013). SCANCOR and Norwegian public administration research development. Nordiske organisasjonsstudier. ISSN 1501-8237. 15(4), s. 91–110. doi: 10.1002/pad.318.
• Christensen, Tom (2013). New Public Management and Beyond: The Hybridization of Public Sector Reform. I Drori, Gili (Red.), Global Themes and Local Variations in Organization and Management. Perspectives and Glocalization. Routledge. ISSN 978-0-415-80760-9. s. 161–174.
• Christensen, Dag Arne; Christensen, Tom; Lægreid, Per & Midtbø, Tor (2013). The people and structure solution? Collegial administration in Norway. I O'Flynn, Janine; Blackman, Deborah & Halligan, John (Red.), Crossing Boundaries in Public Management and Policy. Routledge. ISSN 978-0-415-67824-7. s. 111–124.
• Reichersdorfer, Johannes; Christensen, Tom & Vrangbæk, Karsten (2013). Accountability of immigration administration: comparing crises in Norway, Denmark and Germany. International Review of Administrative Sciences. ISSN 0020-8523. 79(2), s. 271–291. doi: 10.1177/0020852313478251.
• Christensen, Tom; Johannessen, Mathias & Lægreid, Per (2013). A system under stress: the Icelandic volcano ash crisis. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management. ISSN 0966-0879. 21(2), s. 71–81. doi: 10.1111/1468-5973.12005.
• Christensen, Tom; Lægreid, Per & Rykkja, Lise Hellebø (2013). After a terrorist attack: challenges for political and administrative leadership in Norway. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management. ISSN 0966-0879. 21(3), s. 167–177. doi: 10.1111/1468-5973.12019. Vis sammendrag

  This article addresses the challenges that the terrorist attacks on 22 July 2011 in Norway created for central government and, more particularly, for the political and police leadership. The emphasis is on ‘meaning making’, focusing on how the leaders played out their reactions in the media and towards the public. When explaining the different aspects of crisis management,we draw on three organizational perspectives:emphasizing the importance of myths and symbols, formal organization and cultural-institutional traditions. The analysis is based on qualitative content analysis of central policy documents, parliamentary debates and documents,speeches made by central actors and mass media coverage in the year following the attacks. A main finding is that the response to the terrorist attacks is characterized by complex interactions between mutually influential factors, by dynamics between symbolic factors, on one hand, and structural and cultural influences, on the other.

• Ramirez, Francisco & Christensen, Tom (2013). The formalization of the university: rules, roots, and routes. Higher Education. ISSN 0018-1560. 65(6), s. 695–708. doi: 10.1007/s10734-012-9571-y.
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2012). Competing principles of agency organization - the reorganization of a reform. International Review of Administrative Sciences. ISSN 0020-8523. 78(4), s. 579–596. doi: 10.1177/0020852312455306.
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2012). Administrative Reforms in Western Democracies. I Peters, B.Guy & Pierre, Jon (Red.), The SAGE Handbook of Public Administration. Sage Publications. ISSN 978-1-4462-0050-6. s. 577–589. doi: 10.4135/9781446200506.n38.
• Christensen, Tom; Dong, Lisheng; Painter, Martin & Walker, Richard M. (2012). Imitating the West? Evidence on Administrative Reform from the Upper Echelons of Chinese Provincial Government. Public Administration Review. ISSN 0033-3352. 72(6). doi: 10.1111/j.1540-6210.2012.02582.x.
• Christensen, Dag Arne; Christensen, Tom; Lægreid, Per & Midtbø, Tor (2012). Cross-Border Coordination Activities in Central Government Administration - Combining Organizational Conditions and Individual Features. Public Organization Review. ISSN 1566-7170. 12, s. 367–382. doi: 10.1007/s11115-012-0178-7.
• Christensen, Tom (2012). Global Ideas and Modern Public Sector Reforms: A Theoretical Elaboration and Empirical Discussion of a Neoinstitutional Theory. American Review of Public Administration. ISSN 0275-0740. 42(6), s. 635–653. doi: 10.1177/0275074012452113.
• Christensen, Tom (2012). Organization Theory and Public Administration. I Peters, B.Guy & Pierre, Jon (Red.), The SAGE Handbook of Public Administration. Sage Publications. ISSN 978-1-4462-0050-6. s. 149–156. doi: 10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.1439.
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2012). Governance and Administrative Reforms. I Levi-Faur, David (Red.), The Oxford Handbook of Governance. Oxford University Press. ISSN 978-0-19-956053-0. s. 255–267. doi: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199560530.013.0018.
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2012). A special breed? – a longitudinal and cross-sectional study of Norwegian budgeting and financial civil servants. Financial Accountability and Management. ISSN 0267-4424. 28(1), s. 101–120. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-0408.2011.00538.x.
• Christensen, Tom (2012). Post-NPM and changing public governance. Meiji Journal of Political Science and Economics. ISSN 2186-7682. 1(1), s. 1–11. doi: 10.1057/9780230290600_13.
• Lægreid, Per & Christensen, Tom (2011). The new regulatory ortodoxy: a critical assessment. I Levi-Faur, David (Red.), Handbook on the Politics of Regulation. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISSN 978 1 84844 005 0. s. 361–372.
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2011). Post-NPM Reforms: Whole of Government Approaches as a New Trend. I Van de Walle, Steven & Groeneveld, Sandra (Red.), Research in Public Policy Analysis and Management. Emerald Group Publishing Limited. ISSN 978-1-78052-110-7. doi: 10.1108/s0732-1317%282011%290000021006.
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2011). The New Regulatory Orthodoxy: A Critical Assessment. I Levi-Faur, David (Red.), Handbook on the Politics of Regulation. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISSN 978 1 84844 005 0. s. 361–372. doi: 10.4337/9780857936110.00042.
• Christensen, Tom; Fimreite, Anne Lise & Lægreid, Per (2011). Kriseledelse: et spørsmål om tillit - og selvtillit. I Fimreite, Anne Lise; Lango, Peter; Lægreid, Per & Rykkja, Lise Hellebø (Red.), Organisering, samfunnssikkerhet og krisehåndtering. Universitetsforlaget. ISSN 978-82-15-01816-4. s. 237–252.
• Christensen, Tom; Fimreite, Anne Lise & Lægreid, Per (2011). Crisis management: the perceptions of citizens and civil servants in Norway. Administration & Society. ISSN 0095-3997. 43(5), s. 561–594. doi: 10.1177/0095399711412914.
• Christensen, Tom (2011). University governance reforms: potential problems of more autonomy? Higher Education. ISSN 0018-1560. 62(4), s. 503–517. doi: 10.1007/s10734-010-9401-z.
• Christensen, Tom (2011). The development and current features of the Norwegian civil service system. I Van der Meer, Frits M. (Red.), Civil Service Systems in Western Europe. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISSN 978-1-84844-243-6. s. 67–98. doi: 10.4337/9781781000939.00008.
• Christensen, Tom (2011). The Norwegian front-end governance regime of major public projects: A theoretically based analysis and evaluation. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business. ISSN 1753-8378. 4(2), s. 218–239. doi: 10.1108/17538371111120216.
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2011). Ethics and Administrative Reforms: A study of ethical guidelines in the central civil service. Public Management Review. ISSN 1471-9037. 13(3), s. 459–477. doi: 10.1080/14719037.2011.553320.
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2011). Administrative Reforms and the Complexification of Competencies Requested for Civil Servants. I Eymeri-Douzans, Jean-Michel & Pierre, Jon (Red.), Administrative Reforms and Democratic Governance. Routledge. ISSN 978-0-415-55721-4. s. 41–54.
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2011). Democracy and administrative policy: Contrasting elements of New Public Management (npm) and post-NPM. European Political Science Review. ISSN 1755-7739. 3(1), s. 125–146. doi: 10.1017/s1755773910000299.
• Christensen, Tom (2011). Japanese University Reform - Hybridity in Governance and Management. Higher Education Policy. ISSN 0952-8733. 24(1), s. 127–142. doi: 10.1057/hep.2010.28.
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2011). Beyond NPM? Some Development Features. I Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (Red.), The Ashgate Research Companion to New Public Management. Ashgate. ISSN 978-0-7546-7806-9. s. 391–403.
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2011). Introduction. I Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (Red.), The Ashgate Research Companion to New Public Management. Ashgate. ISSN 978-0-7546-7806-9. s. 1–13.
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2011). Complexity and hybrid public administration - theoretical and empirical challenges. Public Organization Review. ISSN 1566-7170. 11(4), s. 407–423. doi: 10.1007/s11115-010-0141-4.
• Christensen, Tom (2010). University Governance Reforms - Putting the Japanese Experience into Perspective. The Journal of Finance and Management in Colleges and Universities. ISSN 1349-3477. s. 205–229.

Se alle arbeider i Cristin

• Christensen, Tom; Lægreid, Per & Røvik, Kjell Arne (2021). Organisasjonsteori for offenlig sektor. Universitetsforlaget. ISBN 9788215045559. 256 s.
• Christensen, Tom; Egeberg, Morten; Lægreid, Per & Aars, Jacob (2021). Forvaltning og politikk. Universitetsforlaget. ISBN 9788215045351. 282 s.
• Christensen, Tom; Lægreid, Per & Røvik, Kjell Arne (2020). Organization Theory and Public Sector. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-367-42890-7. 206 s.
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2020). Political Control or Professional Autonomy? A Case of Agency Director Resignation . Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-20928-9. 6 s.
• Christensen, Tom; Gornitzka, Åse & Ramirez, Francisco O. (2019). Universities as Agencies. Reputation and Professionalization. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3-319-92712-1. 220 s.
• Christensen, Tom; Egeberg, Morten; Lægreid, Per & Trondal, Jarle (2018). Sentralforvaltningen. Stabilitet og endring gjennom 40 år. Universitetsforlaget. ISBN 9788215029245. 168 s.
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2016). The Routledge Handbook to Accountability and Welfare State Reforms in Europe. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-472-47059-1. 294 s.
• Christensen, Tom; Egeberg, Morten; Lægreid, Per; Roness, Paul G. & Røvik, Kjell Arne (2015). Organisasjonsteori for offentlig sektor. Universitetsforlaget. ISBN 978-82-15-02574-2. 240 s.
• Christensen, Tom; Egeberg, Morten; Lægreid, Per & Aars, Jacob (2014). Forvaltning og politikk. Universitetsforlaget. ISBN 9788215023250. 259 s.
• Christensen, Tom; Egeberg, Morten; Lægreid, Per & Aars, Jacob (2014). Forvaltning og politikk. Universitetsforlaget. ISBN 9788215023250. 264 s.
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2011). The Ashgate Research Companion to New Public Management. Ashgate. ISBN 978-0-7546-7806-9. 505 s.

Se alle arbeider i Cristin

• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2022). Author Correction: Special Issue on The Scientization of Public Decision-Making Processes – the Relevance for the Handling of the COVID-19 Pandemic (Public Organization Review, (2022), 22, 2, (215-221), 10.1007/s11115-022-00632-x). Public Organization Review. ISSN 1566-7170. 22(2). doi: 10.1007/s11115-022-00640-x.
• Lægreid, Per & Christensen, Tom (2021). Crisis Management of the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Nordic Way.
• Lægreid, Per & Christensen, Tom (2021). The changing politics of vaccines – main principles and challenges of actual allocation.
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2021). ICT tools in central government: Scope, predictors and effect on coordination quality. I Farazmand, Ali (Red.), Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance 2021. Springer. ISSN 978-3-319-31816-5. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_4270-1.
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2020). The Norwegian Government’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic .
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2019). ICT use in central government. Scope, predictors and effect on coordination quality.
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2019). Representative Bureaucracy in Norwegian Central Government.A longitudinal study over 40 years.
• Christensen, Tom (2018). Christopher Pollitt - an excellent scholar and a dear colleague. Public Administration. ISSN 0033-3298. 96, s. 433–434. doi: 10.1111/padm.12526.
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2018). Coordination quality in central government - the case of Norway.
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2018). Governance coordination capacity in wicked policy areas - the case of Norway.
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2018). The demise of an agency director - is it really about political control and professional autonomy?
• Christensen, Tom; Lægreid, Per & Rykkja, Lise H. (2017). Reputation Management, Governance Capacity, Legitimacy and Accountability in Crisis.
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2017). Crisis management capacity in central government: The perceptions of civil servants in Norway.
• Christensen, Tom; Lægreid, Per & Rykkja, Lise H. (2017). Bulding a National Emergency Center for the Police. Instrumentality, Garbage can and Attention Shifts.
• Christensen, Tom; Lægreid, Per & Rykkja, Lise H. (2017). How to Balance individual rights and societal Security? The view of civil servants.
• Christensen, Tom; Lægreid, Per & Rykkja, Lise H. (2017). The co-evolution of reputation management, governance capacity, legitimacy and accountability in crisis management.
• Christensen, Tom; Lægreid, Per & Rykkja, Lise H. (2017). How to Balance Individual Rights and Societal Security? The View of Civil Servants.
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2016). Accountability in Unsettled situations: Reforms and Crises.
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2016). An Organizational Approach to Public Administration.
• Christensen, Tom; Lægreid, Per & Rykkja, Lise H. (2016). Organizing for Crisis Management. The Police reform in Norway - between strudture and culture.
• Christensen, Tom; Lægreid, Per & Rykkja, Lise H. (2016). Organizing for Crisis Management: Building Governance Capacity and Legitimacy.
• Christensen, Tom; Lægreid, Per & Rykkja, Lise H. (2016). Reforming the Norwegian Police Between Structure and Culture. Community or Emergency Police?
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2016). Organizational Innovation and Multiple Forms of Accountability in the Post-New Public Management Era. I Torfing, Jacob & Triantafillou, Peter (Red.), Enhancing Public Innovation by Transforming Public Governance. Cambridge University Press. ISSN 978-1-107-08898-6. s. 290–310.
• Christensen, Tom; Lægreid, Per & Jantz, Bastian (2015). Performance management and accountability. Challenges, dilemmas and ambiguitets.
• Christensen, Tom (2015). Statsvitenskapelig organisasjonsforskning i Norge - utvikling av teori og praksis. Norsk Statsvitenskapelig Tidsskrift. ISSN 0801-1745. 31(1), s. 50–61.
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2014). Organizational innovations and accountability - hybrid forms in the post-New Public Management era.
• Christensen, Tom; Lægreid, Per & Rykkja, Lise H. (2014). Crisis management organization. Building governance capacity and legitimacy.
• Christensen, Tom; Danielsen, Ole Andreas; Lægreid, Per & Rykkja, Lise H. (2014). Governance of wicked issues. A comparative analysis of coordination for societal security in Europe.
• Christensen, Tom; Lægreid, Per & Jantz, Bastian (2014). In search of the Holy Grail - accountability and performance in welfare administration reforms.
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2014). Organizational innovations and accountability - hybrid forms in the post-New public Management era.
• Byrkjeflot, Haldor; Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2014). Collaboration in a multolevel health service system - Challenges of accountability.
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2014). Reputation Management in times of crisis - how the police handled the Norwegian terrorist atack in 2011.
• Christensen, Tom; Lægreid, Per & Rykkja, Lise H. (2013). Ambiguities of accountability - analyzing the failure of a preventive project in Norway.
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2013). Organizational innovations and accountability - hybrid forms in the post-New Public Management era.
• Fimreite, Anne Lise; Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2012). Joined-Up Government: Reform Challenges, Experiences and Accountability Relaions.
• Byrkjeflot, Haldor; Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2012). The many faces of accountability - comparing reforms inwelfare, hospitals and immigration.
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2012). Context and Administrative Reform. A Tansformative Approach.
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2012). Governance and administrative reforms.
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2012). Welfare Reforms and Wicked Issues - from coupling to decoupling.
• Christensen, Tom; Lægreid, Per & Rykkja, Lise Hellebø (2012). How to cope with a terrorist attack? - A challenge for the political and administrative leadershp.
• Byrkjeflot, Haldor; Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2011). Changing accountability relations in a welfare state – an assessment based on a study of welfare reforms.
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2011). Competing principles of agency organization – the reorganization of a reform.
• Christensen, Tom; Johannesen, M & Lægreid, Per (2011). A System under Stress – the Icelandic Volcano ash Crisis.
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2011). Changing accountability relations – the forgotten side of public sector reform.
• Christensen, Tom (2011). Public Management Reform and Modernization. Trajectories of Administrative Change in Italy, France, Greece, Portugal and Spain. International Public Management Journal. ISSN 1096-7494. 14(2), s. 256–257. doi: 10.1080/10967494.2011.590739.
• van den Heuvel-Greve, Martine J; Jørgensen, Lis Lindal; Seito, Sei-Ichi; Aquarone, Mario; Berkman, Paul Arthur & Bluhm, Bodil [Vis alle 30 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). ICES/PICES/PAME WORKING GROUP ON INTEGRATED ECOSYSTEM ASSESSMENT (IEA) FOR THE CENTRAL ARCTIC OCEAN (WGICA; outcomes from 2021 meeting). International Council for the Exploration of the Seas.
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2015). Accountability relations in unsettled situations: Administrative reforms and crises. Uni Rokkan Centre.
• Christensen, Tom; Lægreid, Per & Rykkja, Lise H. (2014). Crisis Management organization: Building Governance Capacity and Legitimacy. Uni Rokkan Centre.
• Christensen, Tom; Danielsen, Ole Andreas; Lægreid, Per & Rykkja, Lise H. (2014). The Governance of wicked issues. European cross country analysis of coordination for societal security. Uni rokkan Center.
• Jantz, Bastian; Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2014). Accountability and performance in welfare administration reforms. Comparing Norway and Germany. Uni Rokkan Centre.
• Askim, Jostein; Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2014). Performance Management and accountability of welfare state agencies. The case of Norwegian hospitals, welfare and immigration administration. Ini Rokkan Centre.
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2013). Performance and accountability - a theoretical discussion and an empirical assessment. Rokkansenteret.
• Christensen, Tom; Lægreid, Per & Rykkja, Lise H. (2013). Wicked Problems and the Challenge of Transboundary Coordination: The Case of Emergency Preparedness and Crisis Management in Norway. COCOPS.
• Byrkjeflot, Haldor; Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2012). Changing accountability relations in welfare state reforms. Lessons from Norway. Uni Rokkansenteret. ISSN 9788280950802.
• Rykkja, Lise Hellebø; Lægreid, Per & Christensen, Tom (2012). How to cope with a terrorist attack? - a challenge for the political and administrative leadership. COCOPS .
• Byrkjeflot, Haldor; Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2011). Changing accountability relations in a welfare state – an assessment based on a study of welfare reforms. Uni Rokkansenteret.
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2011). Competing principles of agency organization – the reorganization of a reform. Uni Rokkansenteret.
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2011). Changing accountability relations – the forgotten side of public sector reform. Uni Rokkansenteret.

Se alle arbeider i Cristin