Johan Fredrik Rye

• Rye, Johan Fredrik (2025). Challenging the sociological canon: An analysis of theoretical practices in Norwegian sociology. Current Sociology. ISSN 0011-3921. doi: 10.1177/00113921251390905. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In recent years, the sociological canon has come under scrutiny from various perspectives advocating for greater theoretical diversity, including calls to demasculinize and decolonize the discipline’s theoretical repertoire, and urging for an updated and more relevant theoretical toolbox to understand contemporary societies. This article critically examines the canon and its role within the discipline by mapping out all entries in sociology reading lists (N = 2623/120) at Norwegian higher education institutions in 2019, a material providing unique insights into the dominant trends of which theorists and theories contemporary sociologists consider most relevant. The results indicate a persistent dominance of traditional theoretical frameworks and strives to upkeep the canon’s enduring significance. There is also evidence of a plurality of theoretical practices working to reconstruct or (tacitly) reject the canon. However, the article also advocates for a more radical reorientation of sociological theory and training; not necessarily by doing away with classical and modern ‘canonized’ theorists and theories but depriving them of their hegemonic role in the shaping of sociological thought. Instead, sociology professors and students should develop more flexible theorizing capabilities that are better suited to analysis of contemporary social phenomena and where no text or author enjoys unquestioned ‘free passes’.

• Zahl-Thanem, Alexander & Rye, Johan Fredrik (2024). Spatial inequality in higher education: A growing urban-rural educational gap? European Sociological Review. ISSN 0266-7215. 40(6), p. 1067–1081. doi: 10.1093/esr/jcae015. Full text in Research Archive
• Scott, Sam & Rye, Johan Fredrik (2024). The Alienation–Insulation Dynamic and the Low-Wage Migrant Work Ethic. Critical Sociology. ISSN 0896-9205. doi: 10.1177/08969205241276864. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Low-wage labour migrants moving from lower- to higher-income countries have been celebrated for their strong work ethic over recent decades. The paper draws on qualitative insights from European horticulture to explore why low-wage migrants work as hard as they do. We centre our analysis on an ‘alienation–insulation’ dynamic. Specifically, we show how migrants are particularly alienated in ways that are different to that of the immobile working class. However, we also argue that migrants’ spatial (their dual frame of reference) and temporal (their liminal) agency insulates them from this alienation to some degree. It is important, in this respect, to differentiate between alienation as ostensibly encountered (an objective phenomenon) and the actual felt experiences of alienation (as a subjective phenomenon). We conclude that the alienation–insulation dynamic is a key, but underexplored, element in understanding the complex relationship between labour mobility and labour power.

• Jakobsen, Thomas Sætre; Scott, Sam & Rye, Johan Fredrik (2023). Offshoring social reproduction: low-wage labour circulation and the separation of work and family life. In Waters, Johanna & Yeoh, Brenda S. A. (Ed.), Handbook on Migration and the Family. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISSN 9781789908725. p. 315–332. doi: 10.4337/9781789908732.00028. Full text in Research Archive
• Scott, Sam & Rye, Johan Fredrik (2023). The Mobility–Immobility Dynamic and the ‘Fixing’ of Migrants’ Labour Power. Critical Sociology. ISSN 0896-9205. doi: 10.1177/08969205231197341. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Low-wage labour migration from lower- to higher-income economies has become a precondition for capital accumulation. As a part of this, neoliberal actors (businesses and states) strive to actively produce migrants with a strong work ethic. They do this in numerous ways. In this paper, we draw upon labour process theory to argue that a ‘mobility–immobility dynamic’ is a major way capital now controls precarious workers. The mobility–immobility dynamic relates to low-wage workers’ need to move (and often circulate) internationally but, once they have moved, a desire by businesses and states to keep them in place. The fixing of migrants both across space (through transnational mobility) and in place (through immobility) underlines the importance of a multi-scalar approach to understanding the control of the transnational working-class. We draw on evidence from European horticulture – 36 in-depth interviews with migrant workers, employers and community stakeholders in Norway and the United Kingdom – to highlight the mobility–immobility dynamic in practice.

• Andersson, Mette & Rye, Johan Fredrik (2023). Gray Racialization of White Immigrants: The Polish Worker in Norway. Nordic Journal of Migration Research. 13(2). doi: 10.33134/njmr.475. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The literature on racialization has typically focused on the situation of people of color in the Western world. In this article, we explore the analytical value of extending the concept of racialization to analyze symbolic boundaries that rely on and fortify the ascription of the specific skills and identities of white immigrants. The discussion builds on a review of the emerging literature on Polish immigrants in Norway since 2004. It reveals other everyday experiences of Poles and how they see themselves – and how others see them – differently compared to Norwegians and other immigrants and minorities. We examine how these processes of identity ascription are rooted in the Poles’ position as ‘labor migrants’ in predominantly low-waged and low-skilled segments of the Norwegian labor market. We also demonstrate how their location in the productive structure has far-reaching implications that work to construct symbolic boundaries, setting the Polish migrant apart from mainstream Norwegian society. The conclusion suggests a modified racialization concept, ‘gray racialization’, to conceptualize the discriminatory situation of the Poles as an immigrant and minority population, which we find to better allow for an understanding of power relations and social inequalities than its conceptual alternatives.

• Lopez, Miriam Magaña & Rye, Johan Fredrik (2023). Dual frames of reference: naturalization, rationalization and justification of poor working conditions. A comparative study of migrant agricultural work in Northern California and South-Eastern Norway. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. ISSN 1369-183X. 50(6), p. 1428–1445. doi: 10.1080/1369183X.2023.2278403. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This paper analyzes how agents such as agricultural migrants, agricultural employers and local community representatives apply the dual frame of reference (DFR) to naturalize, rationalize and justify the presence of exploitative labor practices for agricultural migrants. The paper gives a qualitative account of social dynamics in two agricultural-dependent communities located in Northern California and South-Eastern Norway. Qualitative one-on-one interviews with agricultural migrant workers (n = 11), employers (n = 10) and community representatives (n = 12) were conducted in English and Spanish. Our findings demonstrate how DFR is utilized by employers to justify labor strategies that rely on migrant workers, employees to rationalize their participation in exploitive work, and by local community representatives to naturalize the exploitative labor practices of migrant workers in their community. Our research findings further add to the analysis by suggesting that the frames of reference are dynamic based on changes of material conditions in the home country. Lastly, we find a third frame of reference focused on the future of the agricultural worker and the hopes for future generations. Combined, these perspectives add to the understanding of the disempowerment of workers, lack of successful changes and overall, upkeeping of exploitative migrant labor systems in the agricultural industries and beyond.

• Kuns, Brian; Börjeson, Lowe; Fischer, Klara; Hedberg, Charlotta; Olofsson, Irma & Ovaska, Ulla [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2023). From panic to business as usual: What coronavirus has revealed about migrant labour, agri-food systems and industrial relations in the Nordic countries. Sociologia Ruralis. ISSN 0038-0199. doi: 10.1111/soru.12443. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This article focuses on migrant labour in Nordic agriculture, wild berry picking and food processing. The starting point is the fear of a food crisis at the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic (2020) because of the absence of migrant workers. The question was raised early in the pandemic if food systems in the Global North are vulnerable due to dependence on precarious migrant workers. In the light of this question, we assess the reactions of farmers and different actors in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden to what looked like an unfolding food crisis. In many ways, the reactions in the Nordic countries were similar to each other, and to broader reactions in the Global North, and we follow these reactions as they relate to migrant workers from an initial panic to a return to business as usual despite the continuation of the pandemic. In the end, 2020 proved to be an excellent year for Nordic food production in part because migrant workers were able to come. We discuss reasons why the Nordic countries did not face disruptions during the pandemic, map out patterns of labour precarity and segmentation for migrant labour in agriculture and food production in the Nordic countries and propose questions for further research.

• Scott, Sam; Jakobsen, Thomas Sætre; Rye, Johan Fredrik & Visser, M Anne (2022). Labour migration, precarious work and liminality. Work in the Global Economy. 2(1), p. 27–45. doi: 10.1332/273241721X16471891313746. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Liminality, as originally conceived by anthropologists, is a temporary ‘in-between’ state that acts as a bridge, connecting old roles to new roles, and resulting in a desired new state. The article applies this concept to precarious migrant work. We argue, specifically, that migrants in low-wage and insecure work occupy four main liminal realms following their cross-border mobility: the temporal, the financial, the social and the legal. We explore these four realms using qualitative interview evidence (36 interviews) from comparative research with migrant workers, migrant employers and community stakeholders in Norway and the UK. The article then reflects on the balance between liminality (as a positive, temporary and in-between state) and limbo (as a negative, long-term state). We argue that migrants doing precarious work avoid limbo, but at the same time do not experience liminality as originally conceived. Instead, they experience what we term ‘ambiguous liminality’: where precarious work is encountered as liminal, but where the exact mechanisms and pathways leading to a desired new state are multiple, uncertain and incremental. Liminality, however ambiguous, is a vital expression of migrant agency; but it also serves the interests of capital too: masking the negatives associated with precarious work and helping to underpin precarious migrants’ work ethic.

• Slettebak, Marie Holm & Rye, Johan Fredrik (2022). Social (Im)mobility in Low-skilled and Low-wage Immigrant Niches. Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies. 12(4), p. 23–47. doi: 10.18291/njwls.132265. Full text in Research Archive
• Scott, Sam & Rye, Johan Fredrik (2021). Praised, prized, yet penalised: A critical examination of low-wage hiring queues in the global strawberry industry. Journal of Rural Studies. ISSN 0743-0167. 88, p. 473–481. doi: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2021.04.014. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Employers often have preferences with respect to workers based on group-level characteristics including geographical origin, gender, class, race, age, family status, appearance, etc. These ‘hiring queues’ can shape recruitment and promotion decisions and explain why certain characteristics may be more or less common within a workplace and across a sector. Drawing on one rural industry known in particular for low-wage and seasonal employment – the strawberry industry – this paper compares employer hiring queues in the US, Norway and UK. We find variety in the hierarchies that employers construct: US, Norwegian and UK strawberry growers recruit their low-wage workers from different nationalities. However, the underlying basis for these hiring queues appears to be the same across study contexts in that they are predominantly contingent upon geographical variables – mobility, nationality and ethnicity – to identify who are seen by employers as the most attractive low-wage seasonal workers. Migrants from more peripheral economies are consistently preferred above local workers and farmers employ mobility, nationality and ethnicity as short-hand for ‘good’ workers. We find that employers articulate what we refer to as ‘informed stereotypes’ that are connected, albeit selectively, to the political, economic, social and legal context(s) within which labour power is produced, reproduced and activated.

• Rye, Johan Fredrik (2021). De transnasjonale arbeiderne. In Ljunggren, Jørn & Hansen, Marianne Nordli (Ed.), Arbeiderklassen. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 9788202646240. p. 145–162. Full text in Research Archive
• Rye, Johan Fredrik & Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2021). Social order in the de-differentiated society: Deleuzian social theory and the penal institution. Current Sociology. ISSN 0011-3921. p. 1–19. doi: 10.1177/00113921211039276. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The article problematises the assumption that modern society is characterised by institutional differentiation as a unidirectional process. Inspired by Deleuze’s sketch of the ‘society of control’, in this article the authors explore institutional de-differentiation in contemporary society. They illustrate the process of de-differentiation by developments in the penal institution, employing empirical materials from the Norwegian prison system. They show how this institution increasingly integrates (imports) elements from other institutions while expanding (exports) its activities into said institutions, resulting in a blurring of institutional borders. Furthermore, the question of institutional differentiation has been related to the question of social control in modern society. The authors discuss the characteristics of the social order of a de-differentiated society by drawing on Deleuze’s social theory and arguing that de-differentiation gives rise to forms of power and social logics no longer restricted by institutional confinements.

• Rye, Johan Fredrik & Slettebak, Marie Holm (2020). The new geography of labour migration: EU11 migrants in rural Norway. Journal of Rural Studies. ISSN 0743-0167. 75, p. 125–131. doi: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2020.01.014. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Historically, immigration to Western countries has been an urban phenomenon, but in recent decades, larger immigrant populations have also arrived in rural destinations. In this paper, we address the dynamics of inbound flows and geographical distribution of labour migrants within rural regions: While some rural localities have received large numbers of migrants, others have seen just a few. Specifically, we explore the case of Eastern and Central European labour migrants (EU11 countries) travelling to Norway's rural regions following the EU enlargements in 2004, 2007 and 2013. Which factors explain the spatial distribution of EU11 labour migrants in Norway's rural regions? We evaluate three assumptions in the extant literature – that labour migrant inflows are related to labour market characteristics, demographic profiles and localities' degree of peripherality. Norwegian register data at municipality levels are employed to estimate a regression model for how these characteristics impact sizes of EU11 labour migrant populations in rural municipalities. Finding show that EU11 migrants are found where the most labour-intensive rural industries dominate; industry-particularly fish processing industry, agriculture and the hospitality sector. Further, they reside in areas with higher unemployment and few refugees. Lastly, we find that the rural municipalities that struggles the most with depopulation has not received the relatively largest number of labour migrant, as EU11 migrants are more often found in the more demographically viable rural communities.

• Rye, Johan Fredrik & Scott, Sam (2020). Agricultural employers’ representation and rationalisation of their work offer. In Rye, Johan Fredrik & O'Reilly, Karen (Ed.), International Labour Migration to Europe’s Rural Regions. Routledge. ISSN 9781003022367. p. 141–158. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Emerging in the throes of a global pandemic that threatens Europe’s economies and food security, International Labour Migration to Europe’s Rural Regions combines a diverse range of empirically rich, in-depth case studies, analysis of their rural context specificities, and insights from labour market and migration theories, to critically examine the conditions and implications of rural labour migration. Despite its growing political, economic and social importance, our understanding of international labour migration to Europe’s rural regions remains limited. This edited volume provides intricate descriptions of lived experience, critical theoretical analyses, analytical synthesis, and policy recommendations for this novel and developing phenomenon that has the potential to transform the lives of international migrants and local communities. The book’s 25 authors represent a wide range of social science disciplines, with coverage of a vast range of Europe’s rural regions, and diverse types of rural labour in areas such as horticulture, shepherding, wild berry picking and fish processing. The volume will be of interest to policy makers at local, regional, national and European levels, and scholars and students in a broad range of areas, including migration, labour markets, and rural studies.

• Rye, Johan Fredrik & O'Reilly, Karen (2020). New perspectives on international labour migration to Europe’s rural regions. In Rye, Johan Fredrik & O'Reilly, Karen (Ed.), International Labour Migration to Europe’s Rural Regions. Routledge. ISSN 9781003022367. p. 3–21. doi: 10.4324/9781003022367. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  While international migration to urban spaces has been extensively studied, there remain significant gaps in our understanding of international labour migration to Europe’s rural regions. In this chapter we locate this phenomenon within the wider, historical, and structural context, clarify key conceptual issues, and argue for a coherent multiscalar and multidimensional approach to the field, where the ongoing outcomes of labour migration emerge out of the interaction between everyday practices of actors and the dynamics of local, regional, national, European and global societal structures. A review of existing literature on international labour migration to rural regions identifies five main strands that together allow for portraying such a multifaceted picture of the very diverse phenomenon of international labour migration to Europe’s rural regions. Based on the insights from this literature, we show how the individual chapters of the edited volume together provide invaluable knowledge about the international labour migration phenomenon and its transformative powers in rural industries and rural society. The chapter concludes by identifying new directions for the scientific study of rural labour migration and policy challenges for the development of sustainable migration practices that could enhance the lives of migrants and locals in Europe’s rural regions.

• O'Reilly, Karen & Rye, Johan Fredrik (2020). The (re)production of the exploitative nature of rural migrant labour in Europe. In Rye, Johan Fredrik & O'Reilly, Karen (Ed.), International Labour Migration to Europe’s Rural Regions. Routledge. ISSN 9781003022367. p. 228–245. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Emerging in the throes of a global pandemic that threatens Europe’s economies and food security, International Labour Migration to Europe’s Rural Regions combines a diverse range of empirically rich, in-depth case studies, analysis of their rural context specificities, and insights from labour market and migration theories, to critically examine the conditions and implications of rural labour migration. Despite its growing political, economic and social importance, our understanding of international labour migration to Europe’s rural regions remains limited. This edited volume provides intricate descriptions of lived experience, critical theoretical analyses, analytical synthesis, and policy recommendations for this novel and developing phenomenon that has the potential to transform the lives of international migrants and local communities. The book’s 25 authors represent a wide range of social science disciplines, with coverage of a vast range of Europe’s rural regions, and diverse types of rural labour in areas such as horticulture, shepherding, wild berry picking and fish processing. The volume will be of interest to policy makers at local, regional, national and European levels, and scholars and students in a broad range of areas, including migration, labour markets, and rural studies.

• Rye, Johan Fredrik (2019). Vitenskapens seiere i kampen om virkeligheten. Tidsskrift for samfunnsforskning (TfS). ISSN 0040-716X. 60(1), p. 99–103. doi: 10.18261/issn.1504-291X-2019-01-11. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Hva skjer når vitenskap blir relevant? Hvordan forhandler forskerne premissene for sin deltakelse i det offentlige ordskiftet? Mette Anderssons Kampen om vitenskapeligheten. Forskningskommunikasjon i et politisk betent felt analyserer akademias kommunikative utfordringer i møtet med verden utenfor elfenbenstårnet. Bokas case er forskningen på etniske innvandrere1 og denne fagtradisjonens komplekse – og til dels konfliktfylte – forhold til omgivelsene: det politiske landskapet, medienes verden og den allmenne offentlighet, spesielt representert ved nett-trollene. De intervjuede migrasjonsforskerne forteller om trusler og hatprat, mistenkeliggjøring og beskyldninger om fusk, uredelighet og politisk forskning. Anderson forteller selv om ubehaget ved å formidle sin egen forskning, hvordan hun etter et bidrag til den offentlige debatten ble æreskjelt på internett-fora og ikke orket å lese alt det vonde som studentene fortalte ble skrevet om henne på internett (Andersson, 2018, s. 12). Ett av bokas viktige bidrag er nettopp hennes empiriske dokumentasjon av hvordan forskere trekkes inn i og påvirkes av den nye mediale virkeligheten og, mer generelt, hvordan skillene mellom akademia og andre samfunnsfelt viskes ut. Ikke bare venter tøffe tak når forskerne våger seg ned fra elfenbenstårnet, slik samfunnsoppdraget befordrer. Allmennheten der ute har også utviklet redskaper til å trenge inn i forskernes tidligere trygge univers. På samme måte som sosiologen/mediemannen/antifeministen/folkets røst Harald Eia konfronterte poststrukturalistisk teori med lekmanns «sunne fornuft», opplever migrasjonsforskerne at de blir lest, vurdert og kritisert for sin kunnskapsproduksjon for flere enn fagfellene. Det krever en ny forskerrolle, nye former for forskning.

• Lundeberg, Ingrid Rindal & Rye, Johan Fredrik (2018). Sosiologi, samfunn og fengsler. In Rye, Johan Fredrik & Lundeberg, Ingrid Rindal (Ed.), Fengslende sosiologi, Makt, straff og identitet i Trondheims fengsler. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 9788202584900. p. 11–32. doi: 10.23865/noasp.41.ch1. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  I dette innledende kapitlet presenterer vi bokas bidrag og identifiserer fire fengselssosiologiske temaer som bokas kapitler spesielt behandler. For det første aktualiserer flere av kapitlene den betydningen ulike former for sosial ulikhet har i fengslet, og viser hvordan noen fangegrupper har andre – og hardere – soningserfaringer enn andre. Videre belyser kapitlene hvordan fengslet er uløselig knyttet til den moderne velferdsstaten og nye straffeformer. Et tredje tema er straffeanstaltenes hverdagsliv, der forfatterne analyserer hvordan fangene opplever stigma, krenkelsesprosesser og institusjonalisering. Et siste tema er fengslet som arena for maktens mange forskjellige former. Kapitlet gir også en overordnet oversikt over bidragene, inkludert deres teoretiske og metodiske vinklinger, og presenterer bokas utgangspunkt som et kollektivt læringsprosjekt.

• Rye, Johan Fredrik (2018). Transnational spaces of class: International migrants? multilocal, inconsistent and instable class positions. Current Sociology. ISSN 0011-3921. 67(1), p. 27–46. doi: 10.1177/0011392118793676. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The sociological study of class, whether Marxist, Weberian or Bourdieusian, has discussed class systems and individuals’ location in these systems within the framework of the nation-state and has largely ignored the presence of a growing population of international migrants in western societies. At the same time, the emerging literature on transnational migration has largely neglected the question of social class. This article argues that the simultaneous privileging of the nation-state and the neglect of social class by these research traditions, respectively, has been unfortunate. Working from a Bourdieusian class perspective, the article discusses how today’s enhanced international migration – whereby actors regularly cross national borders, physically and virtually, and live their everyday lives in multiple social spaces and class systems – produces class systems in which many actors hold multilocal, inconsistent and instable class identities. The discussion employs a mixed methods approach, drawing material from a community in Norway which includes a large population of Eastern European labour migrants recruited by the fish processing industry, to illustrate some key problems with Bourdieusian (and other) class theories’ use of methodological nationalism as an analytical framework and to suggest how transnational theories might better incorporate class perspectives in their analyses.

• Lundeberg, Ingrid Rindal; Mjåland, Kristian & Rye, Johan Fredrik (2018). Eksepsjonelle fanger i det eksepsjonelle fengslet. In Rye, Johan Fredrik & Lundeberg, Ingrid Rindal (Ed.), Fengslende sosiologi, Makt, straff og identitet i Trondheims fengsler. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 9788202584900. p. 213–237. doi: 10.23865/noasp.41.ch10. Full text in Research Archive
• Rye, Johan Fredrik & Stachowski, Jakub (2018). Vagabonder i det globaliserte fengslet. In Rye, Johan Fredrik & Lundeberg, Ingrid Rindal (Ed.), Fengslende sosiologi, Makt, straff og identitet i Trondheims fengsler. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 9788202584900. p. 147–165. doi: 10.23865/noasp.41.ch7. Full text in Research Archive
• Stamnes, Amarpreet Kaur & Rye, Johan Fredrik (2018). Fengselsfortellinger: en narrativ analyse av østeuropeiske fangers erfaringer i det norske strafferettssystemet. In Rye, Johan Fredrik & Lundeberg, Ingrid Rindal (Ed.), Fengslende sosiologi, Makt, straff og identitet i Trondheims fengsler. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 9788202584900. p. 121–146. doi: 10.23865/noasp.41.ch6. Full text in Research Archive
• Rye, Johan Fredrik (2018). Hvordan teorisere en fange? Fengslet som sosiologisk læringsanstalt. In Rye, Johan Fredrik & Lundeberg, Ingrid Rindal (Ed.), Fengslende sosiologi, Makt, straff og identitet i Trondheims fengsler. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 9788202584900. p. 265–290. doi: 10.23865/noasp.41.ch12. Full text in Research Archive
• Rye, Johan Fredrik & Scott, Sam (2018). International Labour Migration and Food Production in Rural Europe: A Review of the Evidence. Sociologia Ruralis. ISSN 0038-0199. 58(4), p. 928–952. doi: 10.1111/soru.12208. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Since Hoggart and Mendoza's article on ‘African immigrant workers in Spanish agriculture’ in Sociologia Ruralis in 1999 there has been a proliferation of interest in labour migration to/in rural Europe. It is now clear that the rural realm has been, and is being, transformed by immigration, and that low‐wage migrant workers in the food production industry are playing a particularly prominent role in this transformation. This article takes stock of the literature and identifies seven key issues associated with low‐wage labour migration, contemporary food production, and rural change. Most notably, since the 1990s, there has been growing demand for migrants in the segmented, and sometimes exploitative, labour markets of the European food production industries. This demand has been met across a variety of contexts, with states and labour market intermediaries playing a largely supportive role. However, migrants’ integration into rural communities has often been problematic, with the emphasis being on the need for, rather than needs of, low‐wage migrant workers.

• Rye, Johan Fredrik; Slettebak, Marie Holm & Bjørkhaug, Hilde (2018). From Family to Domestic and Global Labour? A Decade of Proletarisation of Labour in the Norwegian Horticulture Industry. European Countryside. 10(4), p. 528–542. doi: 10.2478/euco-2018-0030. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This paper analyses the profound structural transformations that took place in Norway's horticulture industry between 1999 and 2010. The aggregate industrial outputs from the industry remained stable in this period. However, the number of horticulture farms dropped by 40.5% and the remaining farms became accordingly larger. We analyse how this development was related to changing labour strategies on Norwegian farms during this period, in part affected by labour market deregulation following the EU enlargements in 2004 and 2007. The analysis utilises Agricultural Census data covering the full population of horticulture farms in Norway in 1999 (N=5,105) and all farms in the country in 2010 (N=46,624, of which 3036 now were horticulture farms). Results suggest that the enhanced availability of inexpensive and flexible global labour is strongly associated with a stepwise proletarisation of Norwegian horticulture. Family labour is being systematically replaced by wage labour and domestic workers are being replaced by lowwage migrant workers.

• Stachowski, Jakub & Rye, Johan Fredrik (2017). Transnasjonale helsepraksiser. Bruk av helsetjenester blant polske arbeidsinnvandrere i Norge. Nordisk tidsskrift for helseforskning. ISSN 1504-3614. 13(1). doi: 10.7557/14.4074. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The article discusses the use of health-care services among Polish labor migrants in Norway. We apply theories of patient–physician relationship, trust, and transnationalism to analyze a material of qualitative in-depth interviews with eleven Polish labor migrants about their health practices. The material demonstrates how and why many Polish labor migrants evaluate Norwegian primary health care negatively. Their main reason for doing so is the non-paternalistic doctor–patient relationship. They therefore supplement Norwegian health services with health services available in their home country. However, the labor migrants tend to evaluate the Norwegian health system more favorably as time passes. In total, the Poles establish creative, reflexive, competent, and dynamic health practices that go beyond national state borders and combine elements of two health-care systems. We argue that these practices enable migrants to enhance the total quality of their health care.

• Rye, Johan Fredrik (2017). Negotiating Neoliberalism: Informalisation and Reformalisation of Industrial Relations in Norway's Agricultural Industry in the 21st Century. Population, Space and Place. ISSN 1544-8444. 23(7). doi: 10.1002/psp.2042. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The flow of flexible and inexpensive low-skilled manual labour across national borders has become a defining feature of the contemporary global political economy, often accompanied by neoliberalist labour market reforms and growth in the informalisation of labour relations in receiving economies. As a result, immigrant workers experience precarious and deteriorating wage and work arrangements. I discuss whether these are inevitable processes by analysing one particular case, that of the Norwegian agricultural industry since the turn of the century. In the first years after 2000, a growing number of low-skilled Eastern European immigrants in Norway's agricultural industry faced precarious work arrangements as the industry drifted toward informalisation. Yet labour relations in Norwegian agriculture have since seen signs of reformalisation, resulting in higher wages and improved working conditions. I examine the characteristics of Norwegian society and its agricultural industry that have facilitated the reformalisation process. Important is the presence of strong and long-lasting institutionalised structures of cooperation and negotiation between state agents and representatives of labour and capital, which promote more than economic rationalities among the industry's employers. The analysis builds on a mixed methods approach that addresses both macro and micro levels, as well as both institutionalised ‘objective facts’ and actors' subjective interpretations, by use of various quantitative and qualitative materials.

• Rye, Johan Fredrik (2017). Labour migrants and rural change: The “mobility transformation” of Hitra/Frøya, Norway, 2005–2015. Journal of Rural Studies. ISSN 0743-0167. 64, p. 189–199. doi: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2017.12.003. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  After the 2004 and 2007 EU enlargements, large numbers of Eastern European labour migrants settled in rural destinations in Western Europe where they predominantly found low-skilled manual labour jobs in rural industries. These labour migrants differ from other types of rural migrants (e.g., domestic in- and out-migrants, lifestyle and amenity migrants, international refugees and asylum seekers) and represent distinct challenges and opportunities for the host rural communities—for example in terms of novel forms of social inequalities and cultural diversities. This paper discusses the dynamics of transnational labour mobilities and their consequences for rural Europe by investigating the case of the Hitra/Frøya community, until recently a traditionalist rural community in Mid-Norway. As a result of large-scale labour migration, over the last decade the region has developed into a genuine high-mobility, transnational rural community and is now characterised by its heterogeneous social fabric. From the local elites’ perspective, which seems to have hegemonic status in the region, the transformation is a successful, triple-win situation: The community at large develops a more sustainable economy and sees population growth and reduced social problems, the locals enjoy the boosted economy and its many benefits, and the in-migrants escape economic austerity in their homelands and are successfully integrated into their host communities. However, stories told by labour migrants provide important nuances to the narrative of success and suggest processes of social fragmentation, polarisation, and contestation. The paper demonstrates how contemporary forms of rural mobilities may confront the traditional structures of rural societies, generate novel social divides and multi-local identities and everyday practices. Methodologically, the paper employs a mixed-methods approach and analyses a variety of materials: statistical materials, public documents, interviews with key informants in the local rural community, and in-depth individual interviews and focus group sessions with migrants.

• Rye, Johan Fredrik (2016). Transnasjonale hverdagsliv: Østeuropeisk innvanderungdom i distrikts-Norge. Tidsskrift for ungdomsforskning. ISSN 1502-7759. 16(1), p. 3–39. doi: 10.7557/14.4074. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Mange østeuropeiske ungdommer flytter til norske utkantkommuner som følge av at foreldrene får arbeid i de tradisjonelle bygdenæringene. I denne artikkelen analyserer jeg hverdagslivserfaringene til disse ungdommene, deres identiteter og livsprosjekter, og diskuterer hvordan de forhandler sine posisjoner som innvandrere i distriktssamfunnene. Utgangspunktet er et kvalitativt materiale som består av individuelle intervjuer og fokusgruppeintervjuer med 19 østeuropeiske ungdommer i én kystregion i Midt-Norge. Materialet viser hvordan ungdommenes sosiale virkelighet preges av deres multi-lokale identiteter, tilhørigheter og sosiale praksiser. Resultatet er ambivalente hverdagsliv utformet i spennet mellom lokalsamfunnet og forskjellige transnasjonale sosiale rom. Samtidig som det synes å være mange likhetstrekk mellom innvandrerungdommene i distriktene og i de mer urbane regionene, demonstrerer materialet også hvordan den rurale sosiogeografiske konteksten påvirker deres hverdagsliv i utkant-Norge.

• Rye, Johan Fredrik (2015). Moving to the countryside? The case of second home users in Norway. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift. ISSN 0029-1951. 69(3), p. 166–177. doi: 10.1080/00291951.2015.1040832. Full text in Research Archive
• Rye, Johan Fredrik (2014). Konsistente karakterer? En undersøkelse av sensor-reliabilitet i sosiologifaget.UNIPED 37, 63-77. Uniped - Tidsskrift for universitets- og høgskolepedagogikk. ISSN 1500-4538. 37, p. 63–77. doi: 10.3402/uniped.v37.22654. Full text in Research Archive
• Rye, Johan Fredrik (2014). The Western European countryside from an Eastern European perspective: Case of migrant workers in Norwegian agriculture. European Countryside. 6(4), p. 327–346. doi: 10.2478/euco-2014-0018. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In the wake of the EU enlargements in 2004 and 2007, large numbers of migrant workers from Eastern Europe in-migrated to the Western European countryside. In this paper I discuss how these migration streams in important ways challenge the dominant perspectives in contemporary rural studies, in particular their focus on lifestyle-related rural in-migration, on the post-productivist character of the countryside, and on the social constructions of the rural as idyllic space. These perspectives are examined based on qualitative material from in-depth interviews with 54 migrant workers in the Norwegian agricultural industry. These migrants’ everyday experiences in the rural West add important nuance to the dominant scholarly images of rural idylls and dullness, descriptions of rural communities as less marked by class structures than urban regions, and traditionalist presentations of rural social life and communities.

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• Villa, Mariann; Valestrand, Erik Thule & Rye, Johan Fredrik (2023). Migrasjon og mobilitet – handlinger, mønstre og forståelser i norsk sammenheng. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISBN 9788202796129. 262 p. doi: 10.23865/noasp.181. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Migrasjon og mobilitet former hverdagsliv og omgivelser for dem som flytter og reiser, og på de stedene det flyttes og reises til. Denne antologien viser noe av mangfoldet av perspektiver, teorier og metodologier som preger forskningen innen migrasjon og mobilitet. Gjennom elleve kapitler belyser forfatterne internasjonal migrasjonsforskning og nasjonal flytte- og turismeforskning. Bidragene inkluderer empiriske studier av arbeidsinnvandrere og deres omsorgspraksis, marginalisering på arbeidsmarkedet og etterkommeres muligheter, innenlands sosial mobilitet, repromigrasjon og lokalsamfunns respons på og tilpasning til mobilitet. Boka tilbyr også en mer overordnet diskusjon om norsk integreringspolitikk og om metodologiske utfordringer og blindsoner i norsk migrasjonsforskning. Samlet sett er Migrasjon og mobilitet – handlinger, mønstre og forståelser i norsk sammenheng et bidrag til videre utvikling av forskningsfeltet migrasjon og mobilitet. Boka retter seg mot alle med interesse for hvordan migrasjon og mobilitet studeres i norsk sammenheng, men særlig mot forskere på feltet og studenter i sosiologi, sosialantropologi, samfunnsgeografi og andre samfunnsvitenskaper på høyskole- og universitetsnivå. Migrasjon og mobilitet er redigert av Mariann Villa (professor i sosiologi, NTNU), Erik T. Valestrand (doktorgradsstipendiat i sosiologi, NTNU), og Johan Fredrik Rye (professor i sosiologi, NTNU).

• Rye, Johan Fredrik & O'Reilly, Karen (2020). International Labour Migration to Europe’s Rural Regions. Routledge. ISBN 9781003022367. 274 p. doi: 10.4324/9781003022367. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Emerging in the throes of a global pandemic that threatens Europe’s economies and food security, International Labour Migration to Europe’s Rural Regions combines a diverse range of empirically rich, in-depth case studies, analysis of their rural context specificities, and insights from labour market and migration theories, to critically examine the conditions and implications of rural labour migration. Despite its growing political, economic and social importance, our understanding of international labour migration to Europe’s rural regions remains limited. This edited volume provides intricate descriptions of lived experience, critical theoretical analyses, analytical synthesis, and policy recommendations for this novel and developing phenomenon that has the potential to transform the lives of international migrants and local communities. The book’s 25 authors represent a wide range of social science disciplines, with coverage of a vast range of Europe’s rural regions, and diverse types of rural labour in areas such as horticulture, shepherding, wild berry picking and fish processing. The volume will be of interest to policy makers at local, regional, national and European levels, and scholars and students in a broad range of areas, including migration, labour markets, and rural studies.

• Rye, Johan Fredrik & Lundeberg, Ingrid Rindal (2018). Fengslende sosiologi, Makt, straff og identitet i Trondheims fengsler. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISBN 9788202584900. 292 p. doi: 10.23865/noasp.41. Full text in Research Archive

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• Berit, Johnsen; Todd-Kvam, John James Rea; Lundeberg, Ingrid Rindal; Holmboe, Morten; Rye, Johan Fredrik & Storvik, Birgitte Langset (2026). KRUS prosjekt får støtte fra forskningsrådet. [Internet]. Kriminalomsorgens intranett. Full text in Research Archive
• Todd-Kvam, John James Rea; Berit, Johnsen; Lundeberg, Ingrid Rindal; Storvik, Birgitte Langset; Holmboe, Morten & Rye, Johan Fredrik (2026). En StIlle REvolusjon i Norsk straffegjennomføring: Intensjon, effekt og konsekvens. Full text in Research Archive
• Berit, Johnsen; Todd-Kvam, John James Rea; Lundeberg, Ingrid Rindal; Rye, Johan Fredrik; Storvik, Birgitte Langset & Holmboe, Morten (2026). A Silent Revolution in the Penal Field: Intention, Impact and Implementation (SIREN. Full text in Research Archive
• Berit, Johnsen; Todd-Kvam, John James Rea; Lundeberg, Ingrid Rindal; Holmboe, Morten; Rye, Johan Fredrik & Storvik, Birgitte Langset (2026). A Silent Revolution in the Penal Field: Intention, Impact and Implementation (SIREN). Full text in Research Archive
• Berit, Johnsen; Todd-Kvam, John James Rea; Storvik, Birgitte Langset; Lundeberg, Ingrid Rindal; Rye, Johan Fredrik & Holmboe, Morten (2026). SIREN En StIlle REvolusjon i Norsk straffegjennomføring: Intensjon, effekt og konsekvens. Full text in Research Archive
• Berit, Johnsen; Todd-Kvam, John James Rea; Lundeberg, Ingrid Rindal; Rye, Johan Fredrik; Holmboe, Morten & Storvik, Birgitte Langset (2026). SIREN En StIlle REvolusjon i Norsk straffegjennomføring: Intensjon, effekt og konsekvens. Full text in Research Archive
• Berit, Johnsen; Todd-Kvam, John James Rea; Lundeberg, Ingrid Rindal; Holmboe, Morten; Rye, Johan Fredrik & Storvik, Birgitte Langset (2026). SIREN En StIlle REvolusjon i Norsk straffegjennomføring: Intensjon, effekt og konsekvens. Full text in Research Archive
• Todd-Kvam, John James Rea; Berit, Johnsen; Storvik, Birgitte Langset; Lundeberg, Ingrid Rindal; Holmboe, Morten & Rye, Johan Fredrik (2026). A Silent Revolution in the Penal Field: Intention, Impact and Implementation (SIREN). Full text in Research Archive
• Rye, Johan Fredrik (2025). Norge er et innvandrerland. Full text in Research Archive
• Rye, Johan Fredrik (2025). Migrant Workers in Rural Labour Markets: Solutions, Problems, or Threats? Full text in Research Archive
• Rye, Johan Fredrik & Andersen, Synøve Nygaard (2025). Slett ingen sosiologisk krise - Sosiologen. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Rekrutteringen til den sosiologiske disiplinen er stabil over tid, viser søkertallene fra Samordna opptak.

• Rye, Johan Fredrik & Toft, Maren (2025). Michael Burawoy (1947-2025): En sosiologisk klassiker - Sosiologen. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Med UC Berkeley-professoren Michael Burawoys brutale dødsfall mandag 3. februar er en sosiologisk klassiker gått ut av disiplinens rekker.

• Rye, Johan Fredrik & Stefansen, Kari (2025). Hedersprisen 2025 - Pål Repstad. Full text in Research Archive
• Magin, Melanie; Sætaberget, Astrid Lie; Ekern, Ingrid & Rye, Johan Fredrik (2023). Kunstig intelligens fører til at eksamen må endres: – Vi trenger en ny diskusjon om vurderingsformer. [Journal]. Under Dusken. Full text in Research Archive
• Villa, Mariann; Valestrand, Erik Thule & Rye, Johan Fredrik (2023). Migrasjon og mobilitet - en innledning. In Villa, Mariann; Valestrand, Erik Thule & Rye, Johan Fredrik (Ed.), Migrasjon og mobilitet – handlinger, mønstre og forståelser i norsk sammenheng. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 9788202796129. p. 9–34. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Migrasjon og mobilitet former hverdagsliv og omgivelser for dem som flytter og reiser, og på de stedene det flyttes og reises til. Denne antologien viser noe av mangfoldet av perspektiver, teorier og metodologier som preger forskningen innen migrasjon og mobilitet. Gjennom elleve kapitler belyser forfatterne internasjonal migrasjonsforskning og nasjonal flytte- og turismeforskning. Bidragene inkluderer empiriske studier av arbeidsinnvandrere og deres omsorgspraksis, marginalisering på arbeidsmarkedet og etterkommeres muligheter, innenlands sosial mobilitet, repromigrasjon og lokalsamfunns respons på og tilpasning til mobilitet. Boka tilbyr også en mer overordnet diskusjon om norsk integreringspolitikk og om metodologiske utfordringer og blindsoner i norsk migrasjonsforskning. Samlet sett er Migrasjon og mobilitet – handlinger, mønstre og forståelser i norsk sammenheng et bidrag til videre utvikling av forskningsfeltet migrasjon og mobilitet. Boka retter seg mot alle med interesse for hvordan migrasjon og mobilitet studeres i norsk sammenheng, men særlig mot forskere på feltet og studenter i sosiologi, sosialantropologi, samfunnsgeografi og andre samfunnsvitenskaper på høyskole- og universitetsnivå. Migrasjon og mobilitet er redigert av Mariann Villa (professor i sosiologi, NTNU), Erik T. Valestrand (doktorgradsstipendiat i sosiologi, NTNU), og Johan Fredrik Rye (professor i sosiologi, NTNU).

• Rye, Johan Fredrik; Andersson, Mette & O’Reilly, Karen (2023). Practises and Processes of Symbolic Reproduction of Racial, Ethnic and National Boundaries in Low-Waged Workplaces. Nordic Journal of Migration Research. 13(2). doi: 10.33134/njmr.677. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The introduction present key research questions addressed by the Special Issue: What is the character of the symbolic reproduction of racial, ethnic and/ or national boundaries and how are they interwoven into international migrants’ practices, experiences, and strategies within Europe’s low-waged workplaces? The four IS papers address this question from different perspectives; three of them by drawing on materials from the food production industries in the Scandinavian countries and the UK, the last discussing how Polish labour migrant in Norwegian society are objects of ‘gray racialization’ setting them apart from the majority population. A main contribution of the SI lies in the bridging of disparate literature in the fields of labour markets, migration, and social and symbolic boundary processes: The in-depth qualitative analysis demonstrates how migrants working in low wage, low skill labour markets are the object of ongoing processes of othering along racial, ethnic and national lines. Various agents representing the majority society – the state, employers, trade unions and local communities – each in their own ways contribute to these processes and thereby to the reproduction of social inequalities. Combined, the SI papers also demonstrate the role the migrants themselves play in the production and reproduction of these dynamics.

• Hatlen, Jan Frode & Rye, Johan Fredrik (2023). Forskning er ryggraden i utdanningskvalitet. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørkhaug, Hilde; Brobakk, Jostein Tapper & Rye, Johan Fredrik (2022). Rural and Urban Inequalities. A Bourdieuvian Approach. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This paper responds Mark Shucksmith’s call for renewed Bourdieuvian class analyses of rural inequalities in his ESRS 2011 Conference in Chania, Greece (Sociologia Ruralis 4/2012). Our paper is an attempt to revisit this challenge through mapping the class structure of Norwegian rural communities and class structures relationships with different dimensions of the sociocultural fabric of rural communities; their demographics, labour opportunities, living conditions, lifestyles and intra-rural locational status – and to see how these have evolved over the past ten years. Our analyses build on two large-scale and statistical surveys of inhabitants of Norwegian rural communities in 2012 and in rural and urban communities in 2021. The Norwegian society is considered among the most egalitarian Western societies, it was only marginally affected by the financial crises of 2008, and rural communities are in particular “classless”. Nevertheless, in 2012 our results identified distinct class aspects of rural life connected both individual and structural dimensions of capital and class beyond only economic categories. These findings acknowledged and confirmed the relevance of Bourdieu’s contribution. In this paper, we will run our analyses again on new data, data that also allows for shedding light on rural-urban and centre-periphery specificities and tensions.

• Rye, Johan Fredrik (2021). Noen bør ta ansvar og skrive de opprørske rånerne inn i de lokale historiebøkene, før det er for sent. Full text in Research Archive
• Rye, Johan Fredrik (2021). Verden går fremover: Slik så lokalavisa ut for nøyaktig 50 år siden. Full text in Research Archive
• Rye, Johan Fredrik (2021). Den geografiske gradienten. Full text in Research Archive
• Rye, Johan Fredrik (2021). Covid-19 and migrant workers in Norway’s agricultural industries. Full text in Research Archive
• Rye, Johan Fredrik (2021). Migrants at work: Precariousness, liminality and exploitative labour practices. Full text in Research Archive
• Rye, Johan Fredrik (2021). Er det over og ut for den trønderske jordbæra? Full text in Research Archive
• Rye, Johan Fredrik (2021). Intra-European labour migration and non-standard employment careers. Full text in Research Archive
• Rye, Johan Fredrik (2021). Migrant farm workers’ health, safety and working conditions. Full text in Research Archive
• Angell, Vilde Marie Steen; Haugann, Håkon; Farshchian, Veronica; Sætre, Rune; Rye, Johan Fredrik & Reitan, Marit (2021). Ujevn arbeidsmengde skaper frustrasjon blant studenter. [Journal]. Under Dusken, Nr 11, 107. årgang. Full text in Research Archive
• Rye, Johan Fredrik (2019). Røtter eller føtter? Sosiologiske stedsperspektiver. Full text in Research Archive
• Rye, Johan Fredrik (2019). International Labour Migration. Full text in Research Archive
• Rye, Johan Fredrik (2019). Den kvalitative forskningsprosessen: Hvorfor, hvem, hva, hvordan? Full text in Research Archive
• Rye, Johan Fredrik & Slettebak, Marie Holm (2019). Varieties of integration. Local communities’ reception of labour migrants. Full text in Research Archive
• Rye, Johan Fredrik & Scott, Sam (2019). ’Doing the right thing’: Agricultural employers’ rationalisation of their low-wage work opportunities for international labour migrant. Full text in Research Archive
• Rye, Johan Fredrik & Lundeberg, Ingrid Rindal (2018). Forord. In Rye, Johan Fredrik & Lundeberg, Ingrid Rindal (Ed.), Fengslende sosiologi, Makt, straff og identitet i Trondheims fengsler. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 9788202584900. p. 5–6. Full text in Research Archive
• Rye, Johan Fredrik & Scott, Sam (2017). International labour migration to/in rural Europe: a review of the evidence. Full text in Research Archive
• Rye, Johan Fredrik (2017). Recognizing changed migration patterns. Full text in Research Archive
• Rye, Johan Fredrik & Scott, Sam (2017). International labour migration to/in rural Europe: a review of the evidence. Full text in Research Archive
• Stachowski, Jakub & Rye, Johan Fredrik (2017). The transnational rural other – reconsidering the idea of otherness in rural studies. Full text in Research Archive
• Rye, Johan Fredrik (2017). Fengslende sosiologi. Full text in Research Archive
• Rye, Johan Fredrik & Scott, Sam (2017). International labour migration to/in rural Europe. Full text in Research Archive
• Rye, Johan Fredrik (2017). Grenseløst? Innvandrerungdom i distrikts-Norge. Full text in Research Archive
• Rye, Johan Fredrik (2016). Unge, flyktige og perifere identitetskonstruksjoner. Full text in Research Archive
• Rye, Johan Fredrik (2016). Bokanmeldelse av Julia Orubapabo: Kvinnejobber, mannsjobber og innvandrerjobber. Sosiologisk Tidsskrift. ISSN 0804-0486. 24(4), p. 365–367. Full text in Research Archive
• Rye, Johan Fredrik (2016). Eastern European labour migrants in Western European rural/coastal communities. Full text in Research Archive
• Rye, Johan Fredrik (2016). Changing ruralities: The ‘mobility’ transformation of Coastland, Norway, 2000-2015. Full text in Research Archive
• Rye, Johan Fredrik (2016). Dette visste du ikke om Trondheim. [Internet]. Adresseavisen. Full text in Research Archive
• Rye, Johan Fredrik (2015). New European Rural Immigration: Questions, Confrontations, and Changes. Full text in Research Archive
• Rye, Johan Fredrik (2015). Om Studiebaromenter.no – innspill fra et fagmiljø. Full text in Research Archive
• Rye, Johan Fredrik (2015). Fengsler og straff. Innledning på Samfundsmøte. Full text in Research Archive
• Rye, Johan Fredrik (2015). Positiv eller kritisk sosiologi? Ja takk. Full text in Research Archive
• Rye, Johan Fredrik (2015). Uklare retningslinjer for eksamenssensur. [Internet]. Dusken.no. Full text in Research Archive
• Rye, Johan Fredrik (2015). Litt klokere. [Journal]. Vi over 60. Full text in Research Archive
• Rye, Johan Fredrik (2015). Uklare retningslinjer for eksamenssensur. [Journal]. Under dusken. Full text in Research Archive
• Rye, Johan Fredrik (2015). Mange vil flytte på hytta. [Internet]. Adresseavisen Pluss. Full text in Research Archive
• Rye, Johan Fredrik (2015). Mange vil flytte til hytta. [Journal]. Adresseavisen 1. Full text in Research Archive
• Rye, Johan Fredrik (2015). Hytta sveiser familien sammen. [Internet]. Gemini.no. Full text in Research Archive
• Rye, Johan Fredrik (2014). Reagerer på sprik i karakterene. [Internet]. Stud vest. Full text in Research Archive
• Rye, Johan Fredrik (2014). Vi trenger bedre sensurveiledning. [Internet]. Universitetsavisa. Full text in Research Archive
• Rye, Johan Fredrik (2014). Vil ha bedre sensurveiledning. [Internet]. Khrono. Full text in Research Archive
• Rye, Johan Fredrik (2014). Vil ha bedre sensorveiledning. [Internet]. Forskerforum. Full text in Research Archive
• Rye, Johan Fredrik (2014). Vi trenger bedre sensurveiledning. [Internet]. Forskning.no. Full text in Research Archive
• Rye, Johan Fredrik (2014). Reacts on large grade gaps. [Internet]. Studvest. Full text in Research Archive
• Rye, Johan Fredrik (2014). Flere østeuropeere, færre bruk. [Journal]. Nationen. Full text in Research Archive
• Rye, Johan Fredrik (2013). Vellykket kamp mot sosial dumping. [Journal]. Dagbladet. Full text in Research Archive
• Rye, Johan Fredrik (2022). Labour migration to rural Norway. Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet. ISSN 9788232659555. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Utvidelsen av den Europeiske Unionen, som inkluderte mange av de postkommunistiske landene i Øst-Europa, markerte begynnelsen på en ny æra i norsk migrasjonshistorie. Etter 2004 økte arbeidsinnvandringen til Norge raskt, og polakker ble den største innvandrergruppen i Norge. De nye migrantene har også vist seg å ha et annerledes bosetningsmønster, da de oftere bosetter seg utenfor de store byene. Rurale områder har nå en relativt større andel arbeidsinnvandrere enn urbane områder. Arbeidsinnvandrernes ankomst har ført til bekymringer om negative konsekvenser for arbeidsmarkedet, slik som økende sosial ulikhet. Samtidig, fra et ruralt perspektiv, ser noen på arbeidsinnvandring som en mulig løsning på problemet med avfolking i rurale kommuner. Denne avhandlingen utforsker arbeidsinnvandringen til det rurale Norge og konsekvensene for det rurale arbeidsmarkedet og samfunnet. Kvantitative register data brukes til å svare på en rekke spørsmål: Hva er karakteristisk for rurale kommuner med en stor andel arbeidsinnvandrere? Har arbeidsinnvandring forårsaket økende inntektsulikhet i rurale (og urbane) kommuner? Er arbeidsinnvandrere «fastlåst» i «innvandrernisjer» (slik som fiskeforedlingsindustrien) eller har de muligheter for oppadgående sosial mobilitet, sammenlignet med norskfødte arbeidere og andre innvandrere? Funnene viser at arbeidsinnvandrere oftere bosetter seg i de mer «levedyktige» rurale kommunene – ikke i de rurale områdene som sliter mest med avfolking. Det avgjørende er imidlertid arbeidsmarkedets egenskaper: Arbeidsinnvandrere bosetter seg der det tilbys jobber i visse lavt-lønnede næringer. Arbeidere i en slik næring, fiskeforedlingsindustrien, blir studert over tid, og et tydelig mobilitetshierarki blir avdekket: Nordmenn forlater i størst grad næringen og finner seg bedre jobber, arbeidsinnvandrere blir oftere værende i næringen, mens andre innvandrere oftere faller utenfor arbeidsmarkedet. De ulike mobilitetsmønstrene forsterker etnisk ulikhet i arbeidsmarkedet. Arbeidsinnvandring etterfølges av økende inntektsulikhet generelt. I rurale kommuner påvirkes også inntektsulikheten innad i den norskfødte befolkningen. Effekten er allikevel ikke spesielt stor, noe som tyder på at norskfødte og arbeidsinnvandrere i hovedsak arbeider i ulike segmenter av arbeidsmarkedet og i ulike typer jobber. Alt i alt er konklusjonen at økende arbeidsinnvandring har ført til mer ulikhet på landsbygda i Norge, men effekten på den gjennomsnittlige nordmann er relativt liten. Hva angår rural avfolking, argumenterer jeg for at løsningen på problemet finnes i arbeidsmarkedet og ikke i innvandring i seg selv.

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