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Gottenborg, Simon Aleksander; Hoff, Thomas; Rydstedt, Leif W & Øvergård, Kjell Ivar
(2022).
People Performance Scales (PPS): A Multi-Company, Cross-Sectional Psychometric Assessment
.
Scandinavian Journal of Psychology.
ISSN 0036-5564.
63(2),
s. 109–123.
doi:
10.1111/sjop.12793.
Vis sammendrag
Aim: This study aims to test the nomological validity of the People Performance Scales (PPS) using the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model.
Materials and methods: All employees at two large companies in Norway (a governmental agency and a worker’s union) were invited to complete the PPS questionnaire electronically. A total of 2469 respondents completed the questionnaire, resulting in an 87 percent response rate. Data was analyzed Structural Equation Modelling.
Results: First, all 15 scales included in the PPS showed excellent internal and construct validity. PPS was also found to have configural-, construct-level metric- and scale-level metric invariance across age groups and genders. Second, findings indicate that the PPS can be used for both research and consultancy based upon the JD-R model, while simultaneously assessing constructs of particular importance in Norwegian and Scandinavian legislation.
Conclusion: The PPS represents a short and efficient questionnaire which measures the most relevant working environment constructs in a reliable and distinct way. The questionnaire has great psychometric characteristics and is well suited for use in organizations to measure employees´ experience of working environment factors, allowing organizations to identify areas of improvement and to support organizational development.
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Lone, Jon Anders; Garnås, Alexander; Myklebust, Trond; Bjørklund, Roald; Hoff, Thomas & Bjørkli, Cato
(2017).
Organizational climate and investigation performance in the Norwegian police: A qualitative study.
Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling.
ISSN 1544-4759.
14(3),
s. 227–245.
doi:
10.1002/jip.1474.
Vis sammendrag
The present study aimed to identify organizational climate dimensions that are salient for police investigation performance and to explicate the mechanisms of the relationship between organizational climate and investigation performance. We conducted 38 semistructured interviews with participants at three job levels of police investigative work (chiefs of police, n = 11, senior investigating officers, n = 14, detectives, n = 13) in 11 Norwegian police districts. We analyzed the interview data by using a model of organizational climate based on the competing values framework (Quinn & Rohrbaugh, 1983). Two types of climate, human relations climate and rational goal climate, were perceived to enhance investigation performance. The findings indicate that a human relations climate enhances investigation performance by developing collective human capital and by supporting internal and external cooperation and coordination of resources. Moreover, the findings suggest that a rational goal climate increases investigation performance by encouraging planning, goal setting, and task focus.
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Lone, Jon Anders; Riege, Anine Cecilie; Bjørklund, Roald Arild; Hoff, Thomas & Bjørkli, Cato Alexander
(2017).
The relationship between the broader environment and the work system in a university setting: a systems approach.
Studies in Higher Education.
ISSN 0307-5079.
42(1),
s. 3–22.
doi:
10.1080/03075079.2015.1034259.
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Morrison, Andrew; Edeholt , Håkan; Røise , Øivind; Bjørkli, Cato Alexander & Hoff, Thomas
(2014).
What We Talk About When We Talk About Design. Toward a Taxonomy of Design Competencies.
FormAkademisk - Forskningstidsskriftet for design og designdidaktikk.
ISSN 1890-9515.
7(2),
s. 1–17.
doi:
10.7577/formakademisk.788.
Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
Vis sammendrag
What is it that designers talk about as mattering in their professional competencies? In this article, we empirically investigated industrial designers’ own assumptions on their design practice in relation to innovation. In applying a method potentially suitable for design research, interview statements from design professionals (n=17) were categorised according to 12 pre-selected categories of potential design core competencies. Of a total of 2,267 statements, 1,990 were classified as related to design competence. A qualitative classification of the statements revealed that 1,259 (63.3%) of these could be classified under the pre-set categories. The results showed that out of the 12 categories, ‘creativity’, ‘particular design methods and techniques’ and ‘user’ were emphasised. From the remaining statements, two additional categories were revealed: ‘teamwork’ and ‘project management’. These results can be used to reveal design professionals’ self-understanding of their contributions to innovation processes.
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Hannevik, Martine B; Lone, Jon Anders; Bjørklund, Roald Arild; Bjørkli, Cato Alexsander & Hoff, Thomas
(2014).
Organizational climate in large-scale projects in the oil and gas industry: A competing values perspective.
International Journal of Project Management.
ISSN 0263-7863.
32(4),
s. 687–697.
doi:
10.1016/j.ijproman.2013.08.006.
Vis sammendrag
The aim of the present study was to identify central dimensions and develop a model of organizational climate in large-scale project organizations in the oil and gas industry. Interviews with 18 employees (15 men, 3 women) in a project organization in the Norwegian oil and gas industry were content-analyzed on two models: The global instrument, the Organizational Climate Measure (OCM) based on the Competing Values Framework, and the domain-specific instrument, Project People Survey (PPS). The findings indicate that a climate characterized by a strong
focus on a) communication and cooperation with actors in the external environment such as vendors, and b) internal cooperation and communication with other projects and with the line organization, is perceived as critical to success in large-scale projects in the oil and gas industry. We propose a new model called the Organizational Climate Measure for Large-Scale Project Organizations in the Oil and Gas Industry (OCMP).
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Bernstrøm, Vilde; Lone, Jon Anders; Bjørkli, Cato Alexsander; Ulleberg, Pål & Hoff, Thomas
(2013).
Assessing a Norwegian Translation of the Organizational Climate Measure.
Psychological Reports.
ISSN 0033-2941.
112(2),
s. 390–407.
doi:
10.2466/01.08.PR0.112.2.390-407.
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Bjørkli, Cato Alexsander; Øvergård, Kjell Ivar; Bjørshol, Conrad Arnfinn; Myklebust, Helge & Hoff, Thomas
(2012).
Effects of socio-emotional stressors on ventilation rate and subjective workload during simulated CPR by lay rescuers.
Applied Ergonomics.
ISSN 0003-6870.
43(4),
s. 799–802.
doi:
10.1016/j.apergo.2011.11.015.
Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
Vis sammendrag
Several studies have documented the occurrence of high ventilation rates during cardiopulmonary resuscitation, but to date, there have been no scientific investigation of the causes of hyperventilation.
The objective of the current study was to test the effects of socio-emotional stressors on lay rescuers’ ventilation rate in a simulated resuscitation setting using a manikin model. A within-subjects experiment with randomized order of conditions tested lay rescuers’ ventilation rate on an intubated manikin during exposure to socio-emotional stressors and during a control condition where no external stressors were present. Ventilation rates and subjective workload were significantly higher during exposure to socio-emotional stressors than during the control condition. All but one of the nine participants ventilated at a higher ventilation rate in the experimental condition. All nine participants rated the subjective workload to be higher during exposure to socio-emotional stressors. Hence, exposure to socio-emotional stressors is associated with increased ventilation rates performed by lay rescuers during simulated cardiac arrest using a manikin model. These findings might have implications for the understanding of the type of situations which hyperventilation may occur. Awareness of these situations may have implications for training of lay rescues.
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Lone, Jon Anders; Bjørkli, Cato Alexsander; Bjørklund, Roald Arild; Ulleberg, Pål & Hoff, Thomas
(2011).
Organizational Climate and Innovation in the Norwegian Service Sector.
Scandinavian Journal of Organizational Psychology.
ISSN 1891-473X.
3(1),
s. 3–17.
Vis sammendrag
The aim of this article was to investigate the generalizability of existing research on the relationship between organizational climate and innovation in the service sector. The study was carried out in four large departments in an international service organization (N=409), representing different industries in the service sector. The Norwegian Organizational Climate Measure (NOCM) was administered as a measure of the climate of the organization. Encouragement and support of new ideas were positively related to innovation, whereas holding on to established ways of performing work was negatively related to innovation. The results indicate that certain dimensions of the organizational climate are related to innovation, and of importance for innovation in service sector organizations. The present study discusses the generalizability of prior findings, the relationship between climate and innovation in the service sector, and suggests how organizations within the service sector can promote innovation.
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Bjørshol, Conrad Arnfinn; Myklebust, Helge; Nilsen, Kjetil Lønne; Hoff, Thomas; Bjørkli, Cato Alexsander & Illguth, Eirik
[Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen]
(2011).
Effect of socioemotional stress on the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation during advanced life support in a randomized manikin study.
Critical Care Medicine.
ISSN 0090-3493.
39(2),
s. 300–304.
doi:
10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181ffe100.
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Øvergård, Kjell Ivar; Bjørkli, Cato Alexander; Røed, Bjarte Knappen & Hoff, Thomas
(2010).
Control strategies used by experienced marine navigators: observation of verbal conversations during navigation training.
Cognition, Technology & Work.
ISSN 1435-5558.
12(3),
s. 163–179.
doi:
10.1007/s10111-009-0132-9.
Vis sammendrag
This article investigates the relationship between the control situation framework, as presented by Bjørkli et al. (Cogn Technol Work 9:67–80, 2007), and observed operator action and communication in high-speed craft operation in the Norwegian Royal Navy. The reported data include two series of events during sailing in the Norwegian archipelago where uncertainty of ship position, challenges of manoeuvring and navigation strategies are addressed. The results indicate that the navigators perform actions and communicate in accordance with the key features of the control situation framework, and thus adapt to the interrelation between control possibilities and control requirements. The navigators were guided by explicit knowledge of the functional characteristics of psychical and temporal dynamics, which were actualized in manoeuvring. It indicates that the control situation framework can be used to describe the models the operators use.
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Hoff, Thomas; Ellen, Flakke; Anne-Karin, Larsen; Lone, Jon Anders; Bjørkli, Cato & Bjørklund, Roald Arild
(2009).
On the Validity of M-SWOT for Innovation Climate Development.
Scandinavian Journal of Organizational Psychology.
ISSN 1891-473X.
1(1),
s. 3–11.
Vis sammendrag
The idea behind M-SWOT is to assess the organization by way of mapping the participants’ responses to open and general questions onto specific, research based models in a particular domain; in this case innovation climate. The present article attempts to conceptually validate SWOT by way of providing a link to the Organizational Climate Measure (OCM), and to demonstrate discriminatory validity of SWOT towards other related, but unspecific models (the Job Characteristics Model (JCM)), based on SWOT interviews with 15 managers in two highly innovative Norwegian companies. The hypotheses are that there will be a positive correlation between the OCM dimensions and the SWOT statements; that the four quadrants of OCM will cover the SWOT statements in a particular order, and that more SWOT statements will be aligned with OCM than JCM. All hypotheses were confirmed. The results indicate that an M-SWOT approach to innovation climate development is viable with respect to the type of content that the SWOT interviews elicit.
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Hoff, Thomas; Straumsheim, Per Atle; Bjørkli, Cato & Bjørklund, Roald Arild
(2009).
An External Validation of Two Psychosocial Work Environment Surveys – A SWOT Approach.
Scandinavian Journal of Organizational Psychology.
ISSN 1891-473X.
1(1),
s. 11–28.
Vis sammendrag
The present article attempts to conceptually validate two established surveys for measuring psychosocial work environment; The General Nordic Questionnaire for Psychological and Social Factors at Work (QPSNordic), and the Organizational Climate Measure (OCM). Five respondents in a financial institution were asked to reflect freely on the topic of the psychosocial work environment of the company, only guided by the SWOT format. The main hypothesis was that even though QPSNordic is comprehensive and developed specifically for measuring psychosocial work environment, the thematically broader OCM – with less items – would capture more of the statements from the transcribed interviews. In addition, it was assumed that the SWOT format would provide statements not covered by any of the statements. Both hypotheses were confirmed, and OCM proved to be more sensitive to the statements than did the QPSNordic. The SWOT format turned out to be even more sensitive, but this might be due to the nature of the SWOT questions, rather than the conceptualizations of the respondents.
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Bjørkli, Cato Alexander; Hoff, Thomas; Jenssen, Gunnar Deinboll; Øritsland, Trond Are & Ulleberg, Pål
(2008).
On Representations of In-Vehicle Information Systems - Effects of Graphical (GUI) versus Speech-Based User Interfaces.
I Bjørkli, Cato Alexander & Hoff, Thomas (Red.),
Embodied Minds – Technical Environments. Conceptual Tools for Analysis, Design and Training.
Tapir Akademisk Forlag.
ISSN 9788251923415.
s. 161–180.
Vis sammendrag
The deep integration of technology in our modern society forces us to rethink the relationship humans have to their surroundings. The rise of complex sociotechnical systems denotes how humans and technology have entered a symbiotic relationship where the coordinated and fluent interaction between us and technology is a crucial condition for modern societies to function. The disharmony in the relationship between humans and technology has immediate and serious consequences. Accidents and failed operations in transport, incomprehensible user interfaces, and failure to learn from experience are all examples from everyday life suggesting that the understanding of human-technology relationships is not sufficient.
This book investigates how humans relate to technology in our modern society, and how our basic assumption of human thought and behaviour guide our efforts to improve and control technology. The fact is that the skilled use of technology in expert systems and everyday life challenges the traditional conception of humans and technology as two separate elements in the analysis of work. This book shows how this dualism is evident and problematic in a wide range of areas, such as investigation of human error in accidents, case studies of innovative interface solutions, simulator training strategies, analysis of work practices in complex systems, and traffic safety research.
This book is written for researchers, students and professionals, to supplement the ongoing effort to understand how technology can be integrated with more confidence in modern society.
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Hoff, Thomas & Bjørkli, Cato
(2008).
Introduction.
I Hoff, Thomas & Bjørkli, Cato (Red.),
Embodied Minds – Technical Environments: Conceptual Tools for Analysis, Design and Training.
Tapir Akademisk Forlag.
ISSN 9788251923415.
s. 11–23.
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Hoff, Thomas & Øvergård, Kjell Ivar
(2008).
Ecological Interaction Properties.
I Hoff, Thomas & Bjørkli, Cato (Red.),
Embodied Minds – Technical Environments: Conceptual Tools for Analysis, Design and Training.
Tapir Akademisk Forlag.
ISSN 9788251923415.
s. 147–161.
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Hoff, Thomas; Bjelland, Hans Vanhauwaert & Bjørkli, Cato
(2008).
Theory and Practice of Ecological Interfaces: A case Study of Haptic In- Vehicle Audio System Design.
I Hoff, Thomas & Bjørkli, Cato (Red.),
Embodied Minds – Technical Environments: Conceptual Tools for Analysis, Design and Training.
Tapir Akademisk Forlag.
ISSN 9788251923415.
s. 181–219.
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Hoff, Thomas & Andreas, Hauser
(2008).
Applying a Cognitive Engineering Approach to Interface Design of Energy Management Systems.
PsychNology Journal.
ISSN 1720-7525.
6(3),
s. 321–345.
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Øvergård, Kjell Ivar; Fostervold, Knut Inge; Bjelland, Hans Vanhauwaert & Hoff, Thomas
(2007).
Knobology in use: an experimental evaluation of ergonomics recommendations.
Ergonomics.
ISSN 0014-0139.
50(5),
s. 694–705.
doi:
10.1080/00140130601168046.
Vis sammendrag
The scientific basis for ergonomics recommendations for controls has usually not been related to active goal-directed use. The present experiment tests how different knob sizes and torques affect operator performance. The task employed is to control a pointer by the use of a control knob, and is as such an experimentally defined goal-directed task relevant to machine systems in general. Duration of use, error associated with use (overshooting of the goal area) and movement reproduction were used as performance measures. Significant differences between knob sizes were found for movement reproduction. High torques led to less overshooting as opposed to low torques. The results from duration of use showed a tendency that the differences between knob sizes were reduced from the first iteration to the second iteration. The present results indicate that the ergonomically recommended ranges of knob sizes might differently affect operator performance.
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Hoff, Thomas; Bjelland, Hans Vanhauwaert; Bjørkli, Cato & Øvergård, Kjell Ivar
(2007).
A Case Study of a Touch Based Interface for In-Car Audio Systems.
The Design Journal.
ISSN 1460-6925.
10(1),
s. 24–34.
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Hoff, Thomas; Bjørkli, Cato; Bjelland, Hans V; Knappen Røed, Bjarte & Gould, Kristian S.
(2007).
Activity theory as a supportive framework in design of navigation equipment.
Activités.
ISSN 1765-2723.
s. 179–187.
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Hoff, Thomas; Bjørkli, Cato; Knappen Røed, Bjarte; Gould, Kristian S. & Bjelland, Hans V
(2007).
La théorie de l'activité comme aide a la conception d'équipment de navigation.
Activités.
ISSN 1765-2723.
s. 170–178.
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Bjørkli, Cato; Røed, Bjarte Knappen; Øvergård, Kjell Ivar & Hoff, Thomas
(2007).
Control Situations in High Speed Craft Operation.
Cognition, Technology & Work.
ISSN 1435-5558.
9,
s. 67–80.
Vis sammendrag
The control situation framework presented by Petersen (Cogn Technol Work 6(4):266–274, 2004) is elaborated upon in the context of military high-speed craft navigation. An observational study was done on a military navigational exercise in Indre Folda, a stretch of particularly demanding confined waters in Norway. The concept of control strategies is presented as a term related to how navigators choose to take out the control possibilities present in the system. Control actions are viewed as actions that fix the control demands and control possibilities over longer time-scales. Control strategies are different from control actions in that they continuously alter the control demands and control possibilities through its execution.
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Bjelland, Hans Vanhauwaert; Hoff, Thomas & Røed, Bjarte Knappen
(2005).
Studies on Throttle Sticks in High Speed Crafts - Haptics in Mechanical, Electronic and Haptic Feedback Interfaces.
I Bicchi, Antonio & Bergamasco, Massimo (Red.),
First Joint Eurohaptics Conference and Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems.
IEEE Press.
ISSN 0-7695-2310-2.
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Hoff, Thomas
(2004).
Comments on the Ecology of Representations in Computerised Systems.
Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science.
ISSN 1463-922X.
5(5),
s. 453–472.
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Hoff, Thomas
(2004).
Menneskelige faktorer og kognitiv ergonomi - implikasjoner av annengenerasjons kognisjonsvitenskap.
Tidsskrift for Norsk Psykologforening.
ISSN 0332-6470.
-
Bjelland, Hans Vanhauwaert & Hoff, Thomas
(2003).
Berøring og design.
Psykologisk tidsskrift.
ISSN 1501-7508.
6(3),
s. 22–25.
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Hoff, Thomas
(2002).
On the Ecology of Perception and Action: A Review of Tau.
Corpus, Psyche et Societas.
ISSN 0805-7095.
9(1-2),
s. 59–64.
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Hoff, Thomas
(2002).
Sex differences in mental imagery: Learning effects on the development of spatial abilities.
Corpus, Psyche et Societas.
ISSN 0805-7095.
9(1-2),
s. 16–32.
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Hoff, Thomas
(2002).
Visual Control in an Interceptive Catching Task: Is Prospective Action Guided by Tau?
Corpus, Psyche et Societas.
ISSN 0805-7095.
9(1-2),
s. 65–78.
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Hoff, Thomas
(2002).
Cognitive Learning of Constrained Material.
Tidsskrift for Norsk Psykologforening.
ISSN 0332-6470.
39(3),
s. 203–208.
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Hoff, Thomas
(2002).
Comments on the Ecology of Representations i Computerised Systems.
Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science.
ISSN 1463-922X.
-
Hoff, Thomas
(2002).
Applying the Ecological Approach to Interface Design on Energy Management Systems: Developing a Compact System State Display (CSSD).
Cognition, Technology & Work.
ISSN 1435-5558.
-
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Hoff, Thomas
(2002).
On the Ecology of Perception and Action: A Review of Tau.
Corpus, Psyche et Societas.
ISSN 0805-7095.
9(1-2),
s. 48–58.
Vis sammendrag
The ecological approach argues that there exists an intimate link between perception and action, and that the perception-action cycle is not dependent on mental processing of internal models of the external world. Gibsons notion of direct pick-up of invariant information has been supported empirically by studies involving Lee`s mathematical model of how such pick-up might come about. The tau-paradigm has over the years extended from a description of how movement is initiated at a particular instant of tau (the tau margin) to a description of how the movement is subsequently being controlled (the tau function). Whereas the tau function is a general description of how humans and animals control movement, covering e.g. distance, angle or echo-delay. A limitation is, however, that the the tau function is a description of how one variable is controlled in relation to the goal of that approach. A more general description of movement control should accommodate how several variables are controlled simultaneously. The tau coupling gives an indication as to this problem might be adressed.
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Hoff, Thomas
(2002).
Visual Control in an Interceptive Catching Task: Is Prospective Action Guided by Tau?
Corpus, Psyche et Societas.
ISSN 0805-7095.
9(1-2),
s. 59–79.
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Hoff, Thomas & Bjørkli, Cato Alexander
(2002).
Læring, kognisjon og studieteknikk.
Tidsskrift for Norsk Psykologforening.
ISSN 0332-6470.
39(3),
s. 203–207.
Vis sammendrag
Natural (unconstrained) learning can be described as an integral interaction between internal and external mental representations. On the other hand, constrained learning (e.g. traditional teaching in schools and universities), draw heavily on processing of internal mental models. This is a fundamental problem, because mental models can be expanded first and foremost through a process of externally imposed conflicts. Instead of focusing on developing memory-enhancing techniques, such as chunking or mnemonics, cognitive psychology should turn its focus into studying ways to avoid normative rationalistic scripts. Several techniques for script expansion are suggested. All focus on the same issue; how to impose external conflict into rationalised internal mental models.
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Bjørkli, Cato Alexander & Hoff, Thomas
(2002).
Workload as Activity.
Proceedings of the Nordic Ergonomics Society's 34th Annual Congress on Humans in a Complex Environment.
1,
s. 101–107.
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Hoff, Jan; Hoff, Thomas; Almåsbakk, Bjørn & Espnes, Geir Arild
(2001).
Testing State and Trait Anxiety in a Sport Performance Situation.
Corpus, Psyche et Societas.
ISSN 0805-7095.
8(1-2),
s. 34–44.
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Hoff, Thomas
(1998).
Spatial ability: Mental rotation.
Tidsskrift for Norsk Psykologforening.
ISSN 0332-6470.
35(3),
s. 221–226.
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Hoff, Thomas
(1998).
Spatial Ability: Mental Rotation.
Tidsskrift for Norsk Psykologforening.
ISSN 0332-6470.
35(3),
s. 221–226.
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Hoff, Thomas & Weel, Frederikus van der
(1998).
Catching by Tau Coupling: Filling in the Gaps.
European workshop on ecological psychology : EWEP.
s. 115–120.
