Jens Egeland

• Egeland, Jens & Follesø, Knut (2020). Offering Alphabet Support in the Trail Making Test: Increasing Validity for Participants With Insufficient Automatization of the Alphabet. Applied neuropsychology: Adult.  ISSN 2327-9095. . doi: 10.1080/23279095.2020.1774377 Vis sammendrag

  Insufficient automatization of the alphabet may falsely impair performance on the Trail Making Test among persons with dyslexia or persons not accustomed to the Latin alphabet. We analyze whether writing the alphabet on top of the test sheet changes performance in these risk groups, and whether alphabet support reduces the complexity of the set-shifting task.One-hundred and seventy patients referred to neuropsychological assessment participated and were given both a TMT-version offering alphabet support and the D-KEFS TMT. The discrepancy between the D-KEFS subtask where lines are drawn successively between numbers only, and the task where lines are drawn between letters only, was operationalized as measuring insufficient alphabet automatization.Both the possible dyslexia group, and persons taught to read with another alphabet, had a larger discrepancy score than the remaining sample. Regression analyses showed that the discrepancy scores explained 3.4% of the variance beyond age and speed when giving alphabet support. The corresponding percentage for the D-KEFS Switching task was 17.5%. The findings indicate that alphabet support alleviated effects of non-automatization. The TMT-B-NR: TMT-A ratio score was equivalent to what is found when not applying alphabet support, showing that alphabet support did not contaminate the test as a EF-measure

• Brøndbo, Per Håkan & Egeland, Jens (2019). Måleegenskaper ved den norske versjonen av Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – Fifth Edition (WISC-V). PsykTestBARN.  ISSN 1893-9910.  9(utg. 1), s 1- 7 . doi: 10.21337/0064 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – Fifth Edition (WISC-V) ble publisert i USA i 2014 og den norske versjonen kom i 2017. Norsk og internasjonal rettighetshaver er Pearson Assessment. Oversettelsesarbeidet, inkludert kulturell tilpasning, ble gjennomført av Pearson Assessment med hjelp fra klinisk ekspertise i Norge, Danmark og Sverige. WISC-V er en individuelt administrert test av intellektuelle evner hos barn og ungdom i alderen 6:0-16:11 år. Testen består av 15 deltester, ti primære og fem sekundære deltester. Testtiden er beregnet til 45–80 minutter, avhengig av antall deltester og barnets alder. Psykologer og fagpersoner med mastergrad i pedagogikk med fordypning i pedagogisk-psykologisk rådgivning eller spesialpedagogikk fra UiO er kvalifisert til å kjøpe testen. For personer med mastergrad i pedagogikk eller psykologi fra andre læresteder er det et eget sertifiseringsprogram. Søket førte til 1119 norske, respektive 1865 svenske og danske treff. Ingen av treffene var relevante. Manualens skandinaviske normering er det eneste grunnlaget for vurdering av testens psykometriske egenskaper. Normer for aldersgrupper, validitet og reliabilitet, samt gjennomsnittsskårer for barn med lett intellektuell funksjonsnedsettelse og for særlig evnerike barn, ble rapportert i manualen. Normeringsutvalget bestod av 660 barn fra 6:0 til 16:11. Resultatene ble presentert som skalerte skårer fra 1 til 19, med et gjennomsnitt på ti og et standardavvik på tre. Indeksskårer ble konstruert med et gjennomsnitt på 100, et standardavvik på 15 og et skåreintervall på 45–155, respektive 40–160. Reliabilitetskoeffisienter (indre konsistens) på deltestnivå og indeksnivå var fra gode til utmerkede. Goodness-of-fit-analyse i forbindelse med konfirmatorisk faktoranalyse ga CFI 0,97-0,98 og RMSEA 0,05 for valgt femfaktormodell. Mønsteret av interkorrelasjoner mellom deltest, prosesskår og indeks viser store likheter med resultatene fra den amerikanske standardiseringen. Korrigerte rangkorrelasjonene for FSIQ og på indeksnivå mellom WISC-V og WISC-IV er høye (0,67-0,91). Kriterierelatert validitet som predikerer både intellektuell funksjonsnedsettelse og særlige evner var dårligere enn forventet og spesielt for gruppen særlig evnerike barn. Det er behov for mer dokumentasjon av måleegenskapene i en klinisk skandinavisk kontekst. Basert på dokumentasjonen som finnes fremstår WISC-V i hovedsak som et reliabelt instrument for vurdering av evnenivå og kognitiv profil. Foreliggende data er utilstrekkelige til å vurdere hvorvidt WISC-V også er et valid instrument for vurdering av kognitiv profil. Klinisk profiltolkning bør dermed gjøres med forsiktighet.

• Egeland, Jens (2019). Emotion Perception in Members of Norwegian Mensa. Frontiers in Psychology.  ISSN 1664-1078.  10 . doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00027 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Are people with superior intelligence also superior in interpreting the emotions of others? Some studies find that an underlying g-factor links all mental processes leading to an expectation of a positive answer to the question, while other studies find that there is a cost to giftedness. No previous study have tested social cognition among highly gifted, or the Mensa society specifically. The study measures emotion recognition in 63 members of the Norwegian Mensa and 101 community controls. The Mensa group had a higher total score on the EmoBio test and was specifically better at differentiating the anger emotion, otherwise hypothesized to be mediated by subcortical processes. There was no difference in heterogeneity between the groups, contrary to the expectation of an autistic subgroup in Mensa. The study indicate that the positive manifold extends also to social cognition, and runs counter to the concept of a cost to giftedness.

• Egeland, Jens; Holmen, Tom Langerud; Bang-Kittilsen, Gry; Bigseth, Therese Torgersen; Vaskinn, Anja & Engh, John (2019). Body language reading of emotion and outcome in schizophrenia. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry.  ISSN 1354-6805.  24(1), s 54- 64 . doi: 10.1080/13546805.2019.1568234 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Engh, John; Egeland, Jens; Andreassen, Ole Andreas; Bang-Kittilsen, Gry; Bigseth, Therese Torgersen; Holmen, Tom Langerud; Martinsen, Egil Wilhelm; Mordal, Jon & Andersen, Eivind (2019). Objectively Assessed Daily Steps—Not Light Intensity Physical Activity, Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity and Sedentary Time—Is Associated With Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Patients With Schizophrenia. Frontiers in Psychiatry.  ISSN 1664-0640.  10 . doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00082 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Fredriksen, Mats; Egeland, Jens; Haavik, Jan & Fasmer, Ole Bernt (2019). Individual Variability in Reaction Time and Prediction of Clinical Response to Methylphenidate in Adult ADHD: A Prospective Open Label Study Using Conners’ Continuous Performance Test II. Journal of Attention Disorders.  ISSN 1087-0547.  s 1- 15 . doi: 10.1177/1087054719829822 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Objective: The aim of this study was to examine whether reaction time parameters in adult patients with ADHD could predict their response to methylphenidate (MPH). Method: Previously unmedicated patients (N = 123) were administered the Conners’ Continuous Performance Test II (CPT II) at baseline and after 6 weeks of treatment with immediate-release MPH. In addition to traditional CPT measures, we extracted intraindividual raw data and analyzed time series using linear and nonlinear mathematical models. Results: Clinical responders, assessed with the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement scale, showed significant normalization of target failures, reduced variability and skewness, and increased complexity of reaction time series after 6 weeks of treatment, while nonresponders showed no significant changes. Prior to treatment, responders had significantly higher variability and skewness, combined with lower complexity, compared with nonresponders. Conclusion: These results show that the CPT test is useful in the evaluation of treatment response to MPH.

• Holmen, Tom Langerud; Egeland, Jens; Andersen, Eivind; Mordal, Jon; Andreassen, Ole Andreas; Ueland, Thor; Bigseth, Therese Torgersen; Bang-Kittilsen, Gry & Engh, John (2019). The association between cardiorespiratory fitness and cognition appears neither related to current physical activity nor mediated by brain-derived neurotrophic factor in a sample of outpatients with schizophrenia. Frontiers in Psychiatry.  ISSN 1664-0640.  10:785, s 1- 7 . doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00785 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Objective: We investigated whether levels of current physical activity (PA) contribute to the established relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and cognition in schizophrenia and whether brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) or its precursor proBDNF mediates this relationship. Method: Sixty-one outpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders participated. Neurocognition was assessed with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) and nine subtests from the MATRICS battery comprising a neurocognitive composite score (NCS). CRF was assessed with peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) measured directly during a maximum exercise test. Current PA levels were objectively assessed by an accelerometer worn for four consecutive days. BDNF and proBDNF were measured in fasting blood. Four serial parallel mediation analyses and two additional parallel mediation analyses were conducted, while controlling for age and sex at all levels. Results: No direct effects were found between PA measures and WAIS or NCS. No significant mediating effects of CRF or BDNF/proBDNF were detected. Conclusion: The results do not support the hypothesis that PA contributes to the naturally occurring relationship between CRF and cognition in schizophrenia or the hypothesis that BDNF or proBDNF mediates this relationship. The results arguably support the assumption that the association between CRF and cognition in schizophrenia is established developmentally early.

• Walderhaug, Eirik Paulsen; Gjestad, Rolf; Egeland, Jens; Havik, Odd E. & Nordgreen, Tine (2019). Relationships between depressive symptoms and panic disorder symptoms during guided internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy for panic disorder. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry.  ISSN 0803-9488.  73(7) . doi: 10.1080/08039488.2019.1646803 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Wormgoor, Marjon; Indahl, Aage; Andersen, Eivind & Egeland, Jens (2019). Effectiveness of Briefer Coping-Focused Psychotherapy for Common Mental Complaints on Work-Participation and Mental Health: A Pragmatic Randomized Trial with 2-Year Follow-Up. Journal of occupational rehabilitation.  ISSN 1053-0487.  30(1), s 22- 39 . doi: 10.1007/s10926-019-09841-6 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Purpose The aim of this study was to assess short and long-term effectiveness of brief coping-focused psychotherapy (Brief-PsT) compared with short-term psychotherapy (Short-PsT) on work-participation (WP) and mental health. Both treatments were preceded by group education. Methods All participants were on, or at risk of, sick leave due to common mental complaints. Patients were selected for inclusion in this study based on levels of self-reported symptoms (‘some’ or ‘seriously affected’) of anxiety and depression. They were randomized to Brief-PsT (n = 141) or Short-PsT with a more extended focus (n = 143). Primary outcome was the transition of WP-state from baseline to 3 months follow-up. In addition, WP at 12 and 24 months follow-up were assessed. The secondary outcome, clinical recovery rate (CR-rate) was obtained from the Beck Depression and Beck Anxiety Inventories, at 2-year follow-up. In addition, self-reported mental health symptom severity, self-efficacy, subjective health complaints and life satisfaction were assessed. Results At 3 months follow-up, the increase in WP was significantly greater in Brief-PsT than in Short-PsT (p = 0.039). At 3 months, 60% in Brief-PsT and 51% in Short-PsT was at work, partial or full. Thereafter, these differences diminished, 84% and 80% were at work at 2-year follow up. The 2-year follow-up of the secondary outcome measurements was completed by 53% in Brief-PsT and 57% in Short PsT. CR-rate was significantly greater in Brief-PsT compared with the Short-PsT (69% vs. 51%, p = 0.024). Furthermore, there was a greater reduction in the number of subjective health complaints in Brief-PsT (4.0 vs. 1.9 p = 0.012). All other measurements favoured Brief-PsT as well, but did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions Brief coping-focused psychotherapy added to group education for persons with depression or anxiety complaints seemed more effective in enhancing early work participation compared with additional short-term psychotherapy of standard duration with more extended focus. Clinical recovery rate and decline of comorbid subjective health complaints at 2-year follow-up were also in favour of the brief coping-focused program.

• Andersen, Eivind; Holmen, Tom Langerud; Egeland, Jens; Martinsen, Egil Wilhelm; Bigseth, Therese Torgersen; Bang-Kittilsen, Gry; Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred; Hansen, Bjørge Hermann & Engh, John Abel (2018). Physical activity pattern and cardiorespiratory fitness in individuals with schizophrenia compared with a population-based sample. Schizophrenia Research.  ISSN 0920-9964. . doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.05.038 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Objective: Thorough description of objectively assessed physical activity (PA) and sedentary time in people with schizophrenia is lacking, and previous studies comparing PA and cardiorespiratory fitness levels with healthy controls are limited by their small sample size and/or poor methodology. Method: PA, sedentary behavior, and cardiorespiratory fitness level were assessed in 67 adults diagnosed with schizophrenia (EPHAPS study) and compared with a population-based sample of 2809 adults (NPASS study). Results: Fifty-five percent of the participants with schizophrenia had the unhealthy combination of not meeting the PA recommendations and sitting >7.5 h per day compared to 32% in the population-based sample. The PA level was especially low on weekday afternoons and evenings and throughout most of the day on weekends. The peak oxygen uptake for EPHAPS women was on average 23% lower than that for NPASS women, while EPHAPS men achieved on average 34% lower oxygen uptake on the exercise test compared with NPASS men. Conclusion: People with schizophrenia are significantly less physically active, more sedentary, and have a poorer cardiorespiratory fitness level compared with the general population. Tailor-made PA interventions for people with schizophrenia should target their PA and sedentary behavior on afternoons and weekends especially.

• Egeland, Jens; Holmen, Tom Langerud; Bang-Kittilsen, Gry; Bigseth, Therese Torgersen & Engh, John (2018). Category fluency in schizophrenia: opposing effects of negative and positive symptoms?. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry.  ISSN 1354-6805.  23(1), s 28- 42 . doi: 10.1080/13546805.2017.1418306
• Holmen, Tom Langerud; Egeland, Jens; Andersen, Eivind; Bigseth, Therese Torgersen & Engh, John (2018). The association between cardio-respiratory fitness and cognition in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research.  ISSN 0920-9964.  193, s 418- 422 . doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.07.015 Vis sammendrag

  Objective: Schizophrenia is associated with reduced cardio-respiratory fitness (CRF), and impaired cognition is a core feature of the disorder. Despite their particular significance to schizophrenia disparately, the relationship between these two variables has not yet been thoroughly assessed. In this study we aimed to investigate naturally occurring associations between CRF and all cognitive domains within this patient population. Method: Eighty outpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders participated in the study. Neurocognition was assessed with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale version 4 General Ability Index (WAIS GAI) and the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). Oxygen uptake was measured directly by analyzing O2 and CO2 content in expired air during a maximum exercise session on a treadmill using a modified Balke protocol. Clinical symptom load was assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted, controlling for sex and age, and negative psychotic symptom levels. Results: CRF explained a significant 8.2% and 9.1% of the variance in general intellectual ability and state-sensitive cognitive functioning respectively, beyond the impact of negative psychotic symptom load. Conclusion: The study indicates a direct relation between CRF and cognition in schizophrenia. Impaired cognition is a difficult-to-treat expression of the disorder, and identifying modifiable factors possibly mediating cognition, such as CRF, is of great clinical value.

• Holmen, Tom Langerud; Engh, John; Andersen, Eivind; Andreassen, Ole Andreas; Martinsen, Egil Wilhelm; Bigseth, Therese Torgersen; Bang-Kittilsen, Gry & Egeland, Jens (2018). Cardio-respiratory fitness is associated with a verbal factor across cognitive domains in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research.  ISSN 0920-9964. . doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.11.033 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Abstract Objective We investigated whether the relationship between cardio-respiratory fitness (CRF) and cognition in schizophrenia is general, or due to selective relationships between CRF and specific aspects of cognitive function. Method Eighty outpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders participated. Neurocognition was assessed with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale version 4 General Ability Index (WAIS GAI), the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) and the Emotion in Biological Motion (EBM) test. CRF was assessed with peak oxygen uptake measured directly during maximum exercise using a modified Balke protocol. Partial correlations, controlling for sex and age, were obtained for the perceptual and the verbal indices of WAIS GAI, six cognitive domains of MCCB, and the EBM total score. A factor analysis was conducted on all 15 subtests of the WAIS GAI and the MCCB, and the factors were subjected to separate regression analyses with CRF as predictor. Results Significant, moderately sized correlations were found between CRF and all cognitive domains except processing speed. The correlation appeared strongest for CRF and the Verbal Comprehension Index of WAIS GAI (r = 0.29, p = .005). The factor analysis identified three factors: one speed/attention/executive function factor, one verbal factor, and one perceptual factor. Regression analyses showed that VO2peak explained a significant amount of variance in the verbal factor only (R2 = 0.06, β = 0.329, p = .03). Conclusion The results indicate that the relationship between CRF and cognition in schizophrenia is selectively tied to a modality-specific association with verbal cognitive abilities. These findings have implications for understanding the relation between cognitive factors and physical health in schizophrenia.

• Ness, Elisabeth; Dahl, Hanne-Sofie Johnsen; Tallberg, Björn Peter Urban; Amlo, Svein; Høglend, Per Andreas; Thorén, Agnetha; Egeland, Jens & Ulberg, Randi (2018). Assessment of dynamic change in psychotherapy with asdolescents. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health (CAPMH).  ISSN 1753-2000.  12:39, s 1- 11 . doi: 10.1186/s13034-018-0246-z
• Skogan, Annette Holth; Ørbeck, Beate; Christiansen, Cathrine; Lande, Hilde Lillian & Egeland, Jens (2018). Updated developmental norms for fine motor functions as measured by finger tapping speed and the Grooved Pegboard Test. Developmental Neuropsychology.  ISSN 8756-5641.  43(7), s 551- 565 . doi: 10.1080/87565641.2018.1495724
• Egeland, Jens; Løvstad, Marianne; Norup, Anne; Nybo, Taina; Persson, Bengt A.; Rivera, Diego Fernando; Schanke, Anne-Kristine; Sigurdardottir, Solrun & Arango-Lasprilla, Juan Carlos (2017). Questionnaire Use Among Nordic Neuropsychologists: Shift From Assessing Personality to Checking Ecological Validity of Neuropsychological Assessments?. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice.  ISSN 0735-7028.  48(4), s 227- 235 . doi: 10.1037/pro0000119
• Evers, Arne; McCormick, Carina M; Hawley, Leslie R; Muniz, Jose; Balboni, Giulia; Bartram, Dave; Boben, Duscia; Egeland, Jens; El-Hassan, Karma; Fernandez-Hermida, José R.; Fine, Saul; Frans, Örjan; Gintiliené, Grazina; Hagemeister, Carmen; Halama, Peter; Iliescu, Dragos; Jaworowska, Aleksandra; Jiménez, Paul; Manthouli, Marina; Matesic, Krunoslav; Michaelsen, Lars; Mogaji, Andrew; Morley-Kirk, James; Rozsa, Sandor; Rowlands, Lorraine; Schittekatte, Mark; Sümer, H. Canan; Suwartono, Tono; Urbánek, Tomáš; Wechsler, Solange; Zelenevska, Tamara; Zanev, Svetoslav & Zhang, Jianxin (2017). Testing Practices and Attitudes Toward Tests and Testing: An International Survey. International Journal of Testing.  ISSN 1530-5058.  17(2), s 158- 190 . doi: 10.1080/15305058.2016.1216434
• Hovik, Kjell Tore; Egeland, Jens; Isguith,, Peter K.; Gioia, G; Skogli, Erik Winther; Andersen, Per Normann & Øie, Merete Glenne (2017). Distinct Patterns of Everyday Executive Function Problems Distinguish Children With Tourette Syndrome From Children With ADHD or Autism Spectrum Disorders. Journal of Attention Disorders.  ISSN 1087-0547.  21(10), s 811- 823 . doi: 10.1177/1087054714550336 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Objective: The aim is to investigate the everyday executive function (EF) in children with Tourette syndrome (TS), Inattentive or Combined presentations of ADHD (ADHD-I/ADHD-C), autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and typically developing children (TDC). Method: Nineteen TS, 33 ADHD-C, 43 ADHD-I, 34 ASD, and 50 TDC participated (8-17 years). Parents completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). Results: TS, ADHD-C, ADHD-I, or ASD were rated with significantly more regulation problems on all scales compared with TDC. Considerable overlap of symptoms between clinical groups made differentiation difficult on individual scales. Scale configurations showed children with TS to have more problems with emotional control (EC) than cognitive flexibility in relation to children with ASD, more problems with EC than inhibitory control in relation to ADHD-C, and more problems with EC than planning/organizing in relation to ADHD-I. Conclusion: Paired BRIEF scales dissociated EF problems in children with TS from children with ADHD-C, ADHD-I, or ASD. Clinical relevance is discussed.

• Norup, Anne; Egeland, Jens; Løvstad, Marianne; Nybo, Taina; Persson, Bengt A.; Rivera, Diego Fernando; Schanke, Anne-Kristine; Sigurdardottir, Solrun & Arango-Lasprilla, Juan Carlos (2017). Education, training, and practice among nordic neuropsychologists. Results from a professional practices survey. The Clinical Neuropsychologist.  ISSN 1385-4046.  31, s 20- 41 . doi: 10.1080/13854046.2017.1291857
• Skule, Cecilie; Berge, Torkil; Eilertsen, Espen Moen; Ulleberg, Pål; Lending, Hilde Dallavara; Egeland, Jens & Landrø, Nils Inge (2017). Levels of alcohol use and depression severity as predictors of missed therapy sessions in cognitive behavioral psycho-educational group treatment for depression. Addiction Research and Theory.  ISSN 1606-6359.  25(1), s 11- 16 . doi: 10.3109/16066359.2016.1173683
• Skule, Cecilie; Ulleberg, Pål; Berge, Torkil; Lending, Hilde Dallavara; Egeland, Jens & Landrø, Nils Inge (2017). Interventions for Subjects with Depressive Symptoms with or without Unhealthy Alcohol Use: Are There Different Patterns of Change?. Frontiers in Psychology.  ISSN 1664-1078.  8(MAY) . doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00788
• Egeland, Jens; Løvstad, Marianne; Norup, Anne; Nybo, Taina; Persson, Bengt A.; Rivera, Diego Fernando; Schanke, Anne-Kristine; Sigurdardottir, Solrun & Arango-Lasprilla, Juan Carlos (2016). Following international trends while subject to past traditions: neuropsychological test use in the Nordic countries. The Clinical Neuropsychologist.  ISSN 1385-4046.  30, s 1479- 1500 . doi: 10.1080/13854046.2016.1237675
• Holth Skogan, Annette; Egeland, Jens; Zeiner, Pål; Øvergaard, Kristin Romvig; Ørbeck, Beate; Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted & Aase, Heidi (2016). Factor structure of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functions (BRIEF-P) at age three years. Child Neuropsychology: A Journal of Normal and Abnormal Development in Childhood and Adolescence.  ISSN 0929-7049.  22(4), s 472- 492 . doi: 10.1080/09297049.2014.992401 Vis sammendrag

  The preschool period is an important developmental period for the emergence of cognitive self-regulatory skills or executive functions (EF). To date, evidence regarding the structure of EF in preschool children has supported both unitary and multicomponentmodels. The aimof the present study was to test the factor structure of early EF as measured by the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool version (BRIEF-P). BRIEF-P consists of five subscales and three broader indexes, hypothesized to tap into different subcomponents of EF. Parent ratings of EF from a nonreferred sample of children recruited from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (N = 1134; age range 37–47 months) were subjected to confirmatory factor analyses (CFA). Three theoretically derived models were assessed; the secondorder three-factor model originally proposed by the BRIEF-P authors, a “true” first-order one-factor model and a second-order one-factor model. CFA fit statistics supported the original three-factor solution. However, the difference in fit was marginal between this model and the second-order one-factor model. A follow-up exploratory factor analysis (EFA) supported the existence of several factors underlying EF in early preschool years, with a considerable overlap with the five BRIEF-P subscales. Our results suggest that some differentiation in EF has taken place at age 3 years, which is reflected in behavior ratings. The internal consistency of the BRIEF-P five clinical subscales is supported. Subscale interrelations may, however, differ at this age from those observed in the preschool group as a whole. Keywords: Executive function; BRIEF-P; Preschool; Factor analysis; Development.

• Skogan, Annette Holth; Øvergaard, Kristin Romvig; Baumgartner, Nina; Urnes, Anne-Margrethe; Ørbeck, Beate; Aase, Heidi; Biele, Guido; Zeiner, Pål & Egeland, Jens (2016). Eksekutiv funksjon i tidlig førskolealder-funn fra den norske ADHD-studien. Nevropsykologi : Medlemsblad for Norsk Nevropsykologisk Forening.  ISSN 1500-8347.  18(1), s 4- 13
• Andersen, Per Normann; Skogli, Erik Winther; Hovik, Kjell Tore; Egeland, Jens & Øie, Merete Glenne (2015). Associations among symptoms of autism, symptoms of depression and executive functions in children with High-Functioning Autism; a two year follow-up study. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders.  ISSN 0162-3257.  45(8), s 2497- 2507 . doi: 10.1007/s10803-015-2415-8
• Andersen, Per Normann; Skogli, Erik Winther; Hovik, Kjell Tore; Geurts, Hilde; Egeland, Jens & Øie, Merete Glenne (2015). Working memory arrest in children with high-functioning autism compared to children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Results from a 2-year longitudinal study. Autism.  ISSN 1362-3613.  19(4), s 443- 450 . doi: 10.1177/1362361314524844 Vis sammendrag

  The aim of this study was to analyse the development of verbal working memory in children with high-functioning autism compared to children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and typically developing children. A total of 34 children with high-functioning autism, 72 children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and 45 typically developing children (age 9–16 years) were included at baseline and followed up approximately 25 months later. The children were given a letter/number sequencing task to assess verbal working memory. The performance of children with high-functioning autism on verbal working memory did not improve after 2 years, while improvement was observed in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and typically developing children. The results indicate a different developmental trajectory for verbal working memory in children with high-functioning autism compared to children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and typically developing children. More research is needed to construct a developmental framework more suitable for children with autism spectrum disorder.

• Egeland, Jens (2015). Measuring Working Memory With Digit Span and the Letter-Number Sequencing Subtests From the WAIS-IV: Too Low Manipulation Load and Risk for Underestimating Modality Effects. Applied neuropsychology: Adult.  ISSN 2327-9095.  22(6), s 445- 451 . doi: 10.1080/23279095.2014.992069
• Eikenæs, Ingeborg Helene; Egeland, Jens; Hummelen, Benjamin & Wilberg, Theresa (2015). Avoidant personality disorder versus social phobia: The significance of childhood neglect. PLOS ONE.  ISSN 1932-6203.  10(3) . doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122846
• Engh, John; Andersen, Eivind; Holmen, Tom Langerud; Martinsen, Egil Wilhelm; Mordal, Jon; Morken, Gunnar & Egeland, Jens (2015). Effects of high-intensity aerobic exercise on psychotic symptoms and neurocognition in outpatients with schizophrenia: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials.  ISSN 1745-6215.  16(557) . doi: 10.1186/s13063-015-1094-2 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Normann, Eivind; Johansen, Merete Selsbakk; Normann-Eide, Tone; Egeland, Jens & Wilberg, Theresa (2015). Personality Disorder and Changes in Affect Consciousness: A 3-Year Follow-Up Study of Patients with Avoidant and Borderline Personality Disorder. PLOS ONE.  ISSN 1932-6203.  10(12) . doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145625
• Skogen, Annette; Zeiner, Pål; Egeland, Jens; Urnes, Anne-Margrethe; Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted & Aase, Heidi (2015). Parent ratings of executive function in young preschool children with symptoms of attention-deficit/-hyperactivity disorder. Behavioral and Brain Functions.  ISSN 1744-9081.  11 . doi: 10.1186/s12993-015-0060-1 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Annette Skogen heter egentlig Annette Skogan men hun er feilregistrert i navne databasen og den er vanskelig å endre i cristin når en person er registrert med P-nummer. 15.02.16 Ørjan Berg Anne-Margrethe Urnes er det fulle navnet til Anne-Grethe Urnes. Får ikke endret navn. 17.02.16 Ingvild Follestad

• Solli, Hans Magnus; Barbosa da Silva, Antonio & Egeland, Jens (2015). Usefulness of an ability-based health model in work ability assessments provided by psychiatrists and psychology specialists writing social security certificates. Disability and Rehabilitation.  ISSN 0963-8288.  37(7), s 571- 578 . doi: 10.3109/09638288.2014.935491
• Egeland, Jens (2014). Klinisk utprøving av WAIS-IV : bleddanalyser, stopp-kriterier og arbeidsminnemåling. Tidsskrift for Norsk Psykologforening.  ISSN 0332-6470.  51(11), s 911- 919
• Egeland, Jens; Andersson, Stein; Sundseth, Øyvind Østberg & Schanke, Anne-Kristine (2014). Types or Modes of Malingering? A Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Performance and Symptom Validity Tests. Applied Neuropsychology.  ISSN 0908-4282.  Oct 2, s 1- 12 . doi: 10.1080/23279095.2014.910212
• Rohrer-Baumgartner, Nina; Zeiner, Pål; Egeland, Jens; Gustavson, Kristin; Skogen, Annette; Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted & Aase, Heidi (2014). Does IQ influence Associations between ADHD Symptoms and other Cognitive Functions in young Preschoolers?. Behavioral and Brain Functions.  ISSN 1744-9081.  10(1) . doi: 10.1186/1744-9081-10-16 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Skogen, Annette; Zeiner, Pål; Egeland, Jens; Baumgartner, Nina Marit; Urnes, Anne-Margrethe; Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted & Aase, Heidi (2014). Inhibition and working memory in young preschool children with symptoms of ADHD and/or oppositional-defiant disorder. Child Neuropsychology: A Journal of Normal and Abnormal Development in Childhood and Adolescence.  ISSN 0929-7049.  20(5), s 607- 624 . doi: 10.1080/09297049.2013.838213
• Skule, Anne Cecilie; Lending, Hilde Dallavara; Ulleberg, Pål; Berge, Torkil; Egeland, Jens & Landrø, Nils Inge (2014). Alcohol use is not directly related to the perceived control of depressive symptoms in patients with depressive symptoms. Frontiers in Psychiatry.  ISSN 1664-0640.  5 . doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00031
• Skule, Anne Cecilie; Ulleberg, Pål; Lending, Hilde Dallavara; Berge, Torkil; Egeland, Jens; Brennen, Tim & Landrø, Nils Inge (2014). Depressive Symptoms in People with and without Alcohol Abuse: Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) Across Groups. PLOS ONE.  ISSN 1932-6203.  9(2) . doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088321 Vis sammendrag

  This study explored differences in the factor structure of depressive symptoms in patients with and without alcohol abuse, and differences in the severity of depressive symptoms between the two groups. In a sample of 358 patients without alcohol problems and 167 patients with comorbid alcohol problems, confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the same factor structures, Beck et al.’s two-factor Somatic Affective-Cognitive (SA-C) model, and Buckley et al.’s three-factor Cognitive-Affective- Somatic (C-A-S) model, demonstrated the best fit to the data in both groups. The SA-C model was preferred due to its more parsimonious nature. Evidence for strict measurement invariance across the two groups for the SA-C model was found. MIMIC (multiple-indicator-multiple-cause) modeling showed that the level of depressive symptoms was found to be highest on both factors in the group with comorbid alcohol problems. The magnitude of the differences in latent mean scores suggested a moderate difference in the level of depressive symptoms between the two groups. It is argued that patients with comorbid depression and alcohol abuse should be offered parallel and adequate treatment for both conditions.

• Udal, Anne Beate Helseth; Egeland, Jens; Øygarden, Bjørg; Malt, Ulrik Fredrik; Løvdahl, Hans; Pripp, Are Hugo & Grøholt, Berit (2014). Differentiating between comorbidity and symptom overlap in ADHD and early onset bipolar disorder. Developmental Neuropsychology.  ISSN 8756-5641.  39(4), s 249- 261 . doi: 10.1080/87565641.2014.886692
• Aarlien, Anne-Kristine; Saunes, Brit & Egeland, Jens (2013). Arbeidsminnetrening - overføringseffekt til matematikk og leseferdigheter for barn med ADHD. Spesialpedagogikk.  ISSN 0332-8457.  (6), s 40- 54
• Andersen, Per Normann; Egeland, Jens & Øie, Merete Glenne (2013). Learning and memory impairments in children and adolescents with attention Deficit/Hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Learning Disabilities.  ISSN 0022-2194.  46(5), s 453- 460 . doi: 10.1177/0022219412437040
• Andersen, Per Normann; Hovik, Kjell Tore; Skogli, Erik Winther; Egeland, Jens & Øie, Merete Glenne (2013). Symptoms of ADHD in children with high-functioning autism are related to impaired verbal working memory and verbal delayed recall. PLOS ONE.  ISSN 1932-6203.  8(5:e64842) . doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064842
• Baumgartner, Nina; Zeiner, Pål; Eadie, Patricia; Egeland, Jens; Gustavson, Kristin Brun; Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted & Aase, Heidi (2013). Language Delay in 3-Year-Old Children With ADHD Symptoms. Journal of Attention Disorders.  ISSN 1087-0547. . doi: 10.1177/1087054713497253
• Baumgartner, Nina; Zeiner, Pål; Eadie, Patricia; Egeland, Jens; Gustavson, Kristin; Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted & Aase, Heidi (2013). Language delay in 3-year-old children with ADHD symptoms. Journal of Attention Disorders.  ISSN 1087-0547.  20(10), s 867- 878 . doi: 10.1177/1087054713497253
• Egeland, Jens; Aarlien, Anne-Kristine & Saunes, Brit (2013). Few Effects of Far Transfer of Working Memory Training in ADHD: A Randomized Controlled Trial. PLOS ONE.  ISSN 1932-6203.  8(10) . doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075660
• Hovik, Kjell Tore; Saunes, Brit; Aarlien, Anne-Kristine & Egeland, Jens (2013). RCT of working memory training in ADHD: long-term near-transfer effects. PLOS ONE.  ISSN 1932-6203.  8(12:80561) . doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080561
• Normann, Eivind; Johansen, Merete Selsbakk; Normann-Eide, Tone; Egeland, Jens & Wilberg, Theresa (2013). Is low affect consciousness related to the severity of psychopathology? A cross-sectional study of patients with avoidant and borderline personality disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry.  ISSN 0010-440X.  54(2), s 149- 157 . doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2012.07.003
• Skogli, Erik Winther; Egeland, Jens; Andersen, Per Normann; Hovik, Kjell Tore & Øie, Merete Glenne (2013). Few differences in hot and cold executive functions in children and adolescents with combined and inattentive subtypes of ADHD. Child Neuropsychology: A Journal of Normal and Abnormal Development in Childhood and Adolescence.  ISSN 0929-7049.  20(1), s 38- 48 . doi: 10.1080/09297049.2012.753998
• Egeland, Jens (2012). Cutting corners: Neuropsychological Research into the Energetics of ADHD, In Jill M. Norvilitis (ed.),  Contemporary Trends in ADHD research.  INTECH.  ISBN 978-953-307-858-8.  Chapter 6.  s 69 - 84
• Evers, Arne; Muniz, Jose; Bartram, Dave; Boben, Duscia; Egeland, Jens; Fernandez-Hermida, José R.; Frans, Örjan; Gintiliené, Grazina; Hagemeister, Carmen; Halama, Peter; Iliescu, Dragos; Jaworowska, Aleksandra; Jiménez, Paul; Manthouli, Marina; Matesic, Krunoslav; Schittekatte, Mark; Sümer, H. Canan & Urbánek, Tomáš (2012). Testing practices in the 21st century: Developments and European psychologists' opinions. European Psychologist.  ISSN 1016-9040.  17(4), s 300- 19 . doi: 10.1027/1016-9040/a000102
• Sjåstad, Hege Nordem; Gråwe, Rolf W. & Egeland, Jens (2012). Affective Disorders among Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder. PLOS ONE.  ISSN 1932-6203.  7(12) . doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050930
• Udal, Anne Beate Helseth; Øygarden, Bjørg; Egeland, Jens; Malt, Ulrik Fredrik & Grøholt, Berit (2012). Memory in early onset bipolar disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: similarities and differences. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology.  ISSN 0091-0627.  40(7), s 1179- 1192 . doi: 10.1007/s10802-012-9631-x
• Udal, Anne Beate Helseth; Øygarden, Bjørg; Egeland, Jens; Malt, Ulrik Fredrik; Løvdahl, Hans; Pripp, Are Hugo & Grøholt, Berit (2012). Executive deficits in early onset bipolar disorder versus ADHD : Impact of processing speed and lifetime psychosis. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry.  ISSN 1359-1045. . doi: 10.1177/1359104512455181
• Vaskinn, Anja & Egeland, Jens (2012). Testbruksundersøkelsen: En oversikt over tester brukt av norske psykologer. Tidsskrift for Norsk Psykologforening.  ISSN 0332-6470.  49(7), s 658-- 665
• Vaskinn, Anja & Egeland, Jens (2012). Testbruksundersøkelsen: En oversikt over tester brukt av norske psykologer. (An overview of tests used by Norwegian psychologists). Tidsskrift for Norsk Psykologforening.  ISSN 0332-6470.  49(7), s 658- 665
• Egeland, Jens; Johansen, Susanne Nordby & Ueland, Toril (2011). Central processing energetic factors mediate impaired motor control in ADHD combined subtype but not in ADHD inattentive subtype. Journal of Learning Disabilities.  ISSN 0022-2194.  45(4), s 361- 370 . doi: 10.1177/0022219411407922 Vis sammendrag

  Subjects with ADHD are often impaired in visuo-motor tasks. However, little is known about the contribution of modal impairment in motor function relative to central processing deficits or whether different processes underlie the impairment in ADHD combined (ADHD-C) versus ADHD inattentive (ADHD-I) subtype. The present study analyzes performance on the Visual Motor Integration test relative to less effortful motor tests as well as on measures of Energetics. Results: Both ADHD groups showed evidence of impaired motor function on both VMI and the less effortful motor tests. The ADHD-C group performed below the ADHD-I group on VMI, but their performance correlated highly with the measures of the Energetic pools of Arousal and Effort. Conclusion: Different mechanisms may underlie impaired fine motor skills in ADHD. Central processing deficits contribute significantly to the deficit of ADHD-C but do not explain the motor impairment in ADHD-I.

• Egeland, Jens & Landrø, Nils Inge (2011). Hukommelsesforstyrrelser ved schizofreni, I: Bjørn Rishovd Rund (red.),  Schizofreni.  Hertervig Akademisk.  ISBN 9788282170222.  Kapittel 7.  s 118 - 135
• Fallmyr, Øyvind & Egeland, Jens (2011). Psykometriske egenskaper for den norske versjonen av Behavior Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) :. Tidsskrift for Norsk Psykologforening.  ISSN 0332-6470.  48(4), s 339- 343
• Vaskinn, Anja; Egeland, Jens; Nielsen, Geir Høstmark & Høstmælingen, Andreas (2010). Norske psykologers bruk av tester :. Tidsskrift for Norsk Psykologforening.  ISSN 0332-6470.  47(11), s 1010- 1016
• Egeland, Jens (2010). Bruk av WAIS-III og WASI i nevropsykologiske undersøkelser, I: Knut Hestad & Jens Egeland (red.),  Klinisk nevropsykologi. Undersøkelse av voksne pasienter.  Tapir Akademisk Forlag.  ISBN 9788251924672.  Bokkapittel.  s 143 - 156
• Egeland, Jens (2010). Frequency of attention deficit in first episode schizophrenia compared to ADHD. Applied Neuropsychology.  ISSN 0908-4282.  17, s 125- 134
• Egeland, Jens (2010). Testbruk i Norge, I: Knut Hestad & Jens Egeland (red.),  Klinisk nevropsykologi. Undersøkelse av voksne pasienter.  Tapir Akademisk Forlag.  ISBN 9788251924672.  Bokkapittel.  s 51 - 64
• Egeland, Jens (2010). Undersøkelse av oppmerksomhet med vekt på CPT, I: Knut Hestad & Jens Egeland (red.),  Klinisk nevropsykologi. Undersøkelse av voksne pasienter.  Tapir Akademisk Forlag.  ISBN 9788251924672.  Bokkapittel.  s 177 - 192
• Egeland, Jens & Fallmyr, Øyvind (2010). • Egeland, J. & Fallmyr, Ø. (2010). Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF): Support for a distinction between Emotional and Behavioral Regulation. Child Neuropsychology: A Journal of Normal and Abnormal Development in Childhood and Adolescence.  ISSN 0929-7049.  16, s 326- 337
• Egeland, Jens; Johansen, Susanne Nordby & Ueland, Toril (2010). Do low effort learning strategies mediate impaired memory in ADHD?. Journal of Learning Disabilities.  ISSN 0022-2194.  43, s 430-440
• Egeland, Jens & Kowalik-Gran, Iwona (2010). Measuring several aspects of attention in one test: The factorstructure of Conner' continuous Performance Test. Journal of Attention Disorders.  ISSN 1087-0547.  13, s 339- 347
• Egeland, Jens & Kowalik-Gran, Iwona (2010). Validity of the factor structure of Conners' CPT. Journal of Attention Disorders.  ISSN 1087-0547.  13, s 347- 357
• Egeland, Jens & Sundet, Kjetil Søren (2010). Fra kvalitativ til kvantitativ prosesstilnærming, I: Knut Hestad & Jens Egeland (red.),  Klinisk nevropsykologi. Undersøkelse av voksne pasienter.  Tapir Akademisk Forlag.  ISBN 9788251924672.  2.  s 33 - 50
• Egeland, Jens & Ueland, Toril (2010). Schizofreni, I: Knut Hestad & Jens Egeland (red.),  Klinisk nevropsykologi. Undersøkelse av voksne pasienter.  Tapir Akademisk Forlag.  ISBN 9788251924672.  Bokkapittel.  s 231 - 246
• Egeland, Jens; Bosnes, Ole & Johansen, Hans (2009). Factor Structure of the Norwegian Version of the WAIS-III in a Clinical Sample The Arithmetic Problem. Assessment (Odessa, Fla.).  ISSN 1073-1911.  16(3), s 292- 300 . doi: 10.1177/1073191108324464
• Egeland, Jens; Bosnes, Ole & Johansen, Hans (2009). Utprøving av WAIS-III i et klinisk utvalg. Tidsskrift for Norsk Psykologforening.  ISSN 0332-6470.  46, s 658- 667
• Egeland, Jens; Johansen, Susanne Nordby & Ueland, Toril (2009). differentiating between ADHD sub-types on CCPT measures of sustained attention and vigilance. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology.  ISSN 0036-5564.  50, s 347- 354
• Egeland, Jens (2008). Simulering og aggravering av nevrokognitiv funksjonssvikt. Tidsskrift for Norsk Psykologforening.  ISSN 0332-6470.  45, s 1116- 1123
• Egeland, Jens (2007). Differentiating attention deficit in adult ADHD and first episode schizophrenia. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology.  ISSN 0887-6177.  22, s 763- 771
• Egeland, Jens & Langfjæran, Tone (2007). differentiating malingering from genuine cognitive dysfunction using the Trail Making Test-ratio and Stroop interference scores. Applied Neuropsychology.  ISSN 0908-4282.  14, s 113- 119
• Egeland, Jens; Landrø, Nils Inge; Tjemsland, Evelin & Walbekken, Kjersti (2006). Norwegian norms and factor-structure of phonemic and semantic word list generation. The Clinical Neuropsychologist.  ISSN 1385-4046.  20(4), s 716- 728
• Egeland, Jens; Andreassen, Tor Herman; Sundberg, Hilde & Stensli, Odd (2006). Ny norsk WISC-III: Fare for overdiagnostisering av språklige vansker. Tidsskrift for Norsk Psykologforening.  ISSN 0332-6470.  43, s 702- 707
• Egeland, Jens; Landrø, Nils Inge; Walbækken, Kersti & Tjemsland, Evelin (2006). Norwegian norms and factor-structure of phonemic and semantic word list generation. Clinical neuropsychologist.  ISSN 0920-1637.  20, s 716- 728
• Egeland, Jens; Sundberg, Hilde; Andreassen, Tor Herman & Stensli, Odd (2006). Reliability and validity of Freedom from Distractibility and Processing Speed Factors in hte Norwegian WISC-III version. Nordic Psychology.  ISSN 1901-2276.  58, s 136- 149
• Rund, Bjørn Rishovd; Sundet, Kjetil; Asbjørnsen, Arve Egil; Egeland, Jens; Landrø, Nils Inge; Lund, Anders; Roness, Atle; Stordal, Kirsten Irene & Hugdahl, Kenneth (2006). Neuropsychological test profiles in schizophrenia and non-psychotic depression. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica.  ISSN 0001-690X.  113(4), s 322- 331 . doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2005.00626

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• Hestad, Knut & Egeland, Jens (red.) (2010). Klinisk nevropsykologi. Undersøkelse av voksne pasienter. Tapir Akademisk Forlag.  ISBN 9788251924672.

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• Bang-Kittilsen, Gry; Egeland, Jens; Holmen, Tom Langerud; Andersen, Eivind; Ulleberg, Pål; Bigseth, Therese Torgersen; Mordal, Jon & Engh, John (2020). Shared and differential neurocognitive effects comparing high-intensity interval training and active video-gaming in schizophrenia - results from an rct. Schizophrenia Bulletin.  ISSN 0586-7614.  46, s S9- S9
• Egeland, Jens (2019). Response: Commentary: Emotion Perception in Members of Norwegian Mensa. Frontiers in Psychology.  ISSN 1664-1078. . doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02337 Vis sammendrag

  Reply by the current author to the comments made by A. Vaskinn (see record 2019-31702-001) on the original article (see record 2019-06987-001). My colleague Vaskinn published recently a commentary on my study on Emotion Perception in Norwegian Mensa. My study is the first to actually test social cognition in Mensa Members, although self-ratings have been published previously. Vaskinn questions the validity of the finding that Mensa members score superior to community controls on the EmoBio test of emotion recognition. Her point is important, and that is why all research has to be replicated with new community samples as well as new experimental groups. There are, however, two possible reasons for the difference in scores. The first is related to the distribution of age in her study compared to the Mensa study. The community sample in the Mensa study was graduate students from a local high school and employees in a national governmental agency. There were no exclusion criteria. They were tested in a group session, everyone was given a scoring sheet and a pen. The testing was incorporated in a guest lecture on psychology in the High School and on social abilities in the governmental agency.

• Rohrer-Baumgartner, Nina; Zeiner, Pål; Egeland, Jens; Skogan, Annette Holth; Zahl, Per-Henrik; Urnes, Anne-Grethe; Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted & Aase, Heidi (2016). Gender differences in associations between expressive language skills, verbal IQ, and ADHD symptoms in young preschoolers.
• Baumgartner, Nina; Aase, Heidi & Egeland, Jens (2015). Neurocognitive functions and ADHD symptoms in young preschoolers, with a particular focus on language skills. Series of Dissertations submitted to the Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo. 509.
• Hovik, Kjell Tore; Egeland, Jens; Isquith, Peter; Gioia, Gerard; Skogli, Erik Winther; Andersen, Per Normann & Øie, Merete Glenne (2014). Distinct Patterns of Executive Dysregulation Distinguish Children with Tourette’s from Children with ADHD or Autism Spectrum Disorders.
• Andersen, Per Normann; Hovik, Kjell Tore; Skogli, Erik Winther; Geurts, hilde; Egeland, Jens & Øie, Merete Glenne (2013). Working memory arrest in children with high-functioning autism compared to children with ADHD; Results from a two-year longitudinal study..
• Solli, Hans Magnus; Barbosa da Silva, Antonio & Egeland, Jens (2013). The need for a holistic model of functioning in WHO's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: ICF.
• Aarlien, Anne-Kristine; Saunes, Brit & Egeland, Jens (2012). Working memory training: Transfer effects to math and reading abilities for ADHD preadolescents (10-12 years).
• Andersen, Per Normann; Hovik, Kjell Tore; Skogli, Erik Winther; Egeland, Jens & Øie, Merete Glenne (2012). Stronger association between working memory and learning in Aspergers syndromet han in ADHD.
• Egeland, Jens; Aarlien, Anne-Kristine & Saunes, Brit (2012). Both sides now: Transfer effect of Working Memory Training. Vis sammendrag

  Studies have shown that children with ADHD profit from Working Memory training, although few studies have investigated transfer effects comprehensively. The present study analyzes transfer both to other neuropsychological domains, academic performance and daily life functioning at home and school. Seventy-two children with ADHD were randomized into a control group or a training group completing Cogmed’s RoboMemo program. They were assessed pre-training, immediately after and eight months later with a battery of neuropsychological tests, measures of mathematical and reading skills as well as rating scales filled out by parents and teachers. There were significant training effects in psychomotor speed, and to one of several measures of controlled attention but no effect on memory. Reading and mathematics were improved. Inattention-ratings at home were differentially reduced in the training group, but more detailed mapping of executive function by BRIEF, did not show improvement. There was no improvement in teacher ratings. Generally, improvements attained immediately post training also remained eight months later. The study is the most comprehensive study of transfer effects to date, and with mixed results compared to previous research. More research is needed as to how improve the training program and regarding conditions and thresholds for successful training.

• Egeland, Jens; Saunes, Brit & Aarlien, Anne-Kristine (2012). Successful Working Memory Training: Initially inattentive but not hyperactive, or merely regressing to the mean?.
• Andersen, Per Normann; Egeland, Jens & Øie, Merete Glenne (2011). Learning and memory impairment exceeding the effect of IQ in Children and Adolescents with ADHD.
• Holth-Skogan, Annette; Aase, Heidi; Zeiner, Pål; Rohrer-Baumgartner, Nina Marit; Egeland, Jens & Urnes, Anne-Grethe (2011). Working memory and ADHD symptoms in young preschool children.
• Rohrer-Baumgartner, Nina Marit; Aase, Heidi; Zeiner, Pål; Holth-Skogan, Annette; Egeland, Jens & Urnes, Anne-Grethe (2011). Language Skills, ADHD Symptoms and other Psychiatric Symptoms in Preschool Children.
• Andersen, Per Normann; Skogli, Erik Winther; Hovik, Kjell Tore; Egeland, Jens & Øie, Merete Glenne (2010). Hukommelse og læring hos barn og unge med ADHD.
• Egeland, Jens; Hestad, Knut & Bylsma, Frederic (2010). Hukommelse, I: Knut Hestad & Jens Egeland (red.),  Klinisk nevropsykologi. Undersøkelse av voksne pasienter.  Tapir Akademisk Forlag.  ISBN 9788251924672.  Kapittel 11.  s 193 - 214
• Hestad, Knut; Egeland, Jens & Lund, Christian (2010). Nevropsykologiske forandringer ved hjerneslag, I: Knut Hestad & Jens Egeland (red.),  Klinisk nevropsykologi. Undersøkelse av voksne pasienter.  Tapir Akademisk Forlag.  ISBN 9788251924672.  Kapittel 19.  s 353 - 376
• Biringer, Eva Aaker; Egeland, Jens; Stordal, Kirsten Irene & Lund, Anders (2007). The predictive value of saliva cortisol for remission of major depressive disorder. European psychiatry.  ISSN 0924-9338.  22, s S172- S172 . doi: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.01.563
• Biringer, Eva Aaker; Lundervold, Astri Johansen; Mykletun, Arnstein; Stordal, Kirsten Irene; Egeland, Jens; Bottlender, Ronald & Lund, Anders (2005). Cognitive function in unipolar depression during the depressive episode and after recovery.

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