Solar xChange

Status
Completed
Duration
01.01.2012–31.12.2017

The research project Solar xChange analyses experiences with different models for village scale solar power supply systems in the Global South and draws lessons for their wider dissemination. The project also provides new, real world examples and initiates up-scaling processes and knowledge exchange between investigated cases in different countries, through South-South-North learning. The work builds on the Solar Transitions project.

Group photo

Primary and secondary objectives of the project

The primary objective of this research project is to contribute to the understanding of sustainability factors and socio-technical innovations for creation of viable systems for solar power supply at the village scale and up-scaling of such local "transitions to sustainability".

The secondary objectives include:

  1. Increasing the knowledge on how to design organizational, institutional, operational and business models for flexible and sustainable systems.
  2. Exploring the role of such electricity supply for climate adaptation, including reduction of vulnerability and increase of the adaptive capacity and resilience of individuals and local communities.
  3. Creating real world, social learning processes - socio-technical transitions in practice and provide insights in mechanisms of replication and up-scaling of such local sustainability experiments.
  4. Increasing the theoretical and practical knowledge about strategies for transfer and exchange of socio-technical models across geographical contexts.

Background

The project is social science based and interdisciplinary, and analyses and compares four Indian, Kenyan and Senegalese cases of village scale solar and hybrid power systems, including micro-grids, energy centres and lantern charging stations.

Important aspects for the research are the experiences with implementation, social organization, economic sustainability, long-term operation and maintenance, as  well as the role of local involvement and national framework conditions.

The four cases represent promising solutions for the future in terms of successful elements that can be built on. The project team directly applies findings in pilot projects and up-scaling initiatives as well as activities for transfer and exchange of experience and socio-technical designs through action research. Ongoing pilot projects in Kenya are monitored, improved and expanded.

This has resulted in a cluster of pilot projects based on initiatives from the villages, creating a case for long-term monitoring, analysis and demonstration.

The proposed work facilitates replication and scaling up in a bottom-up manner based on interest, initiative and leadership of women and men at the local level in interaction with actors at other geographical levels. Theoretical implications for technology and knowledge transfer as well as socio-technical systems innovation are drawn. The results are published and disseminated in both academic and non-academic ways.

News

Analyzing a solar lantern rental model for low income consumers

Project partner Charles Muchunku from Kenya has presented research findings based on a survey on energy expenditure in Kitui County in Kenya, showing extremely low energy expenditure for significant portions of the population.

Charles Muchunku also analyzed experiences from a long-term action research activity for the development of affordable solutions for basic electricity services for people living in deep poverty, including renting of portable solar lanterns.

The conference was held in Bad Hersfeld, Germany, on September 21- 23, 2016.

Sustainable Electricity for All: How Viable Are Mini-Grids in Senegal?

In 2015, in Maka Sarr, a small remote village in Senegal, a company called `Enersa’ established a 10 kWp solar power plant with a 1.5 km underground distribution network to provide electricity to the households and small businesses. A team of researchers from Norway and Kenya visited the village to understand the energy access situation and learn from the solar hybrid mini-grids that have been installed by private developers.

Read the full article on www.theenergycollective.com

Kenya Renewable Energy Association - KEREA

Kenya Renewable Energy Association (KEREA) has become a part of the Solar xChange project team. This partnership will strengthen the project's links to the renewable energy sector in Kenya and thereby its outreach in dissemination of research results.

The organization will play an important role as a co-organizer of a workshop in Kenya in late 2016. In this workshop, the Solar xChange project will share its research results with, and receive feedback from, companies, organizations, researchers and government representatives working on solar energy and off-grid renewable energy activities in and outside Kenya, including international actors involved in the sector. The workshop builds on long-term interaction and sharing of research results underway in the project, and will bring together and strengthen the projects' network of people interested in the project's research topics.

KEREA is a very active organization with a strong position in the renewable energy field in Kenya, seen as a central actor both by the government, private sector and international donor and business community involved in renewable energy in Kenya. For further information about this organization, see KEREA's website.

Solar xChange: Workshop on 'Village Scale Solar Power Supply Models'

TERI in association with the University of Oslo organized a "Workshop on Village Scale Solar Power Supply Models" under the ongoing project 'Solar xChange' on April 21, 2015 at TERI Southern Regional Centre, Bengaluru.

You can read about the workshop at www.teriin.org

Previous events

Development of Solar Energy in Africa

Time: July 12, 2013 9:00 AM – 3:00 PM

Lecture by Ben Muok. 

OASYS South Asia Workshop. On Replication and Scaling-up of Decentralised Off-grid Electrification in Developing Countries.

Energy Access Model

Time: Apr. 11, 2013 9:00 AM – 3:00 PM

Workhop organized by Charles Muchunku

Milan Solar Workshop. Criteria to Consider for Replication and Scale-Up of an Energy Access Model

Participants

  • Picture of Karen O'Brien
    Karen O'Brien University of Oslo
  • Dr. Siri E. H. Eriksen
  • Dr. Tanja Winther
  • Researcher Debajit Palit
  • Prof. Harald Rohracher
  • Gathu Kirubi
  • Charles Muchunku
  • Joanes Atela
  • Dir. Anjali Saini
  • Jonas Sandgren

Publications

  • Ulsrud K, et al. Village-level solar power in Africa: Accelerating access to electricity services through a socio-technical design in Kenya. Energy Res Soc Sci (2015), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2014.12.009
  • Ulsrud K, et al. Solar mini-grids and solar lantern renting: Drivers and barriers for sustainability and replication. 
  • Ulsrud K, Rohracher H, Muchunku C. Spatial transfer of innovations: South-South learning on village-scale solar power supply between India and Kenya. Energy Policy (2018). Volume 114, pages 89-97, ISSN 0301-4215, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2017.11.064.
  • Ulsrud, Kirsten; Rohracher, Harald & Muchunku, Charles (2018). Spatial transfer of innovations: South-South Learning on village-scale solar power supply between India and Kenya. Energy Policy. ISSN 0301-4215. 114, p. 89–97. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2017.11.064. Full text in Research Archive
  • Ulsrud, Kirsten; Rohracher, Harald; Winther, Tanja; Muchunku, Charles & Palit, Debajit (2018). Pathways to electricity for all: What makes village-scale solar power successful? Energy Research & Social Science. ISSN 2214-6296. 44, p. 32–40. doi: 10.1016/j.erss.2018.04.027. Full text in Research Archive
  • Ulsrud, Kirsten (2017). Grønne innovasjoner i sosio-tekniske systemer. In Jordhus-Lier, David Christoffer & Stokke, Kristian (Ed.), Samfunnsgeografi: En innføring. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 9788202547752. p. 317–332. Full text in Research Archive
  • Ulsrud, Kirsten; Winther, Tanja; Palit, Debajit & Rohracher, Harald (2015). Village-level solar power in Africa: Accelerating access to electricity services through a socio-technical design in Kenya. Energy Research & Social Science. ISSN 2214-6296. 5, p. 34–44. doi: 10.1016/j.erss.2014.12.009. Full text in Research Archive

View all works in NVA

  • Ulsrud, Kirsten; Muchunku, Charles; Palit, Debajit & Kirubi, Gathu (2018). Solar Energy, Mini-grids and Sustainable Electricity Access: Practical Experiences, Lessons and Solutions from Senegal. Routledge. ISBN 9781138359031. 126 p. Full text in Research Archive

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  • Ulsrud, Kirsten & Pileberg, Silje (2018). - Solenergi endrar livet på landsbygda i utviklingsland. [Internet]. http://www.sv.uio.no/iss/. Full text in Research Archive
  • Ulsrud, Kirsten (2017). Pathways towards affordable electricity access: Solutions and challenges for village-level solar power supply in different socio-cultural and political contexts. Full text in Research Archive
  • Ulsrud, Kirsten & Muchunku, Charles (2017). Spatial transfer of innovations: South-South learning on solar mini-grids between India and Kenya. Full text in Research Archive
  • Ulsrud, Kirsten (2017). Electricity access, solar power and energy system change in India, Kenya and Senegal. Full text in Research Archive
  • Ulsrud, Kirsten (2016). New research on village-scale solar power supply - how can we achieve operational sustainability, economic sustainability and social equity? Results of case studies in Kenya, India and Senegal. Full text in Research Archive
  • Winther, Tanja (2015). Tverrfaglighetens Tanja. [Journal]. Apolllon. Full text in Research Archive
  • Winther, Tanja (2015). Electricity and social science: Ongoing Projects and key issues. Full text in Research Archive

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Funding

Funded by The Research Council of Norway

Project number: 217137

The total grant award was for NOK 4 189 000.

Norway-Global partner (NORGLOBAL)  

Norwegian version of this page
Published Aug. 20, 2025 12:32 PM - Last modified Aug. 20, 2025 12:32 PM