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Fossum, Ingrid Nesdal; Øie, Merete Glenne; Orm, Stian; Hovik, Kjell Tore; Andersen, Per Normann & Skogli, Erik Winther
(2023).
Development of everyday executive function in Autism Spectrum Disorder and ADHD.
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Skogli, Erik Winther; Orm, Stian; Fossum, Ingrid Nesdal; Andersen, Per Normann & Øie, Merete Glenne
(2023).
ADHD persistence from childhood into young adult age.
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Orm, Stian
(2023).
Emosjonsregulering for personer med kognitive funksjonsnedsettelser, et forsømt område.
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Orm, Stian; Øie, Merete Glenne; Fossum, Ingrid Nesdal; Fjermestad, Krister Westlye; Andersen, Per Normann & Skogli, Erik Winther
(2023).
Executive Functioning and Anxiety/Depressive Symptoms as Mediators Between ADHD and Quality of Life: A 10-year Longitudinal Study.
Vis sammendrag
Objective:
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is associated with impaired executive functioning and anxiety/depressive symptoms, which may contribute to reduced quality of life. We tested the hypotheses that (1) a childhood diagnosis of ADHD is related to reduced quality of life in emerging adulthood and that (2) this relationship is mediated by impaired executive functioning and anxiety/depressive symptoms.
Participants and Methods:
We assessed 85 children and adolescents with ADHD and 50 typically developing peers at baseline (Mean age = 11.6 years, 58% males), two-year follow-up, and 10-year follow-up with neuropsychological tests of executive functioning, the Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF), the Short Moods and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ), and the Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale, second edition (RCMAS-2), as well as the Perceived Quality of Life scale (PQoL) at the 10-year follow-up. Four neuropsychological tests of executive functioning, the Letter-Number Sequencing test (working memory), the Color-Word Interference test condition 3 (response inhibition), the Color-Word Interference test condition 4 (shifting), and the trail making test condition 4 (cognitive flexibility) were combined into a neuropsychological executive functioning composite score based on high factor loadings (≥ .73). the parent-reported BRIEF indexes, the behavioral regulation index, and the metacognition index were used as measures of everyday executive functioning. We conducted independent samples t-tests to compare the groups and simple and parallel mediation analyses with full information maximum likelihood estimation to examine whether the different executive functioning measures and anxiety/depressive symptoms at two-year follow-up mediated the relationship between baseline ADHD and self-reported quality of life at 10-year follow-up.
Results:
Baseline ADHD was associated with more difficulties with executive functioning on a composite measure of neuropsychological tests (p < .001, Hedges g = .79) and parent-reported everyday metacognitive (p < .001, Hedges g = 2.37) and behavioral regulation executive functioning (p < .001, Hedges g = 1.55), as well as self-reported anxiety (p < .001, Hedges g = 1.05) and depressive symptoms (p < .001, Hedges g = 1.00) at two-year follow-up. Baseline ADHD was associated with lower self-reported quality of life (p = .001, Hedges g = -.67) at 10-year follow-up. The mediation analysis showed that everyday metacognitive executive functioning (p = .011, β = -.497) and an anxiety/depressive symptoms composite (p < .001, β = -.404) parallelly mediated the relationship between ADHD and quality of life.
Conclusions:
Impaired everyday executive functioning and anxiety/depressive symptoms may represent two distinct pathways to reduced quality of life in emerging adults with a childhood diagnosis of ADHD. These findings stress the importance of targeting both cognitive and emotional aspects in interventions for children and adolescents with ADHD to improve later quality of life.
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Orm, Stian & Løkke, Jon Arne
(2022).
"Kjærlighet på spekteret". Sjarmerende, men også feilinformasjon om autisme.
Khrono.
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Løkke, Jon Arne & Orm, Stian
(2022).
"Hører du meg nå?" Hvordan forebygge Zoom-fatigue.
Khrono.
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Løkke, Jon Arne; Orm, Stian; Haagensen, Gunn Elisabeth; Andersen, Fredrik & Strømgren, Børge
(2022).
Tiltak for å fremme psykologisk fleksibilitet hos personer med autismespekterdiagnoser: En litteraturgjennomgang.
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Orm, Stian
(2022).
Autismespekterforstyrrelser - Tilrettelegging for utvikling og læring.
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Orm, Stian
(2022).
Nevroutviklingsforstyrrelser fra barndom til ung voksen alder: Hvordan tilrettelegge for god livskvalitet?
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Andersen, Per Normann; Orm, Stian; Øie, Merete Glenne & Skogli, Erik Winther
(2022).
Livskvalitet hos unge voksne med autisme - betydningen av internaliserende vansker?
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Orm, Stian; Øie, Merete Glenne; Fossum, Ingrid Nesdal; Andersen, Per Normann & Skogli, Erik Winther
(2022).
Utvikling av psykisk helse fra barndom til ung voksen alder hos personer med ASD eller ADHD.
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Orm, Stian; Øie, Merete Glenne; Fossum, Ingrid Nesdal; Andersen, Per Normann & Skogli, Erik Winther
(2022).
Depressive Symptoms in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder or Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A 10-Year Longitudinal Study.
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Orm, Stian; Haukeland, Yngvild; Vatne, Torun Marie & Fjermestad, Krister Westlye
(2022).
Parent-Sibling Communication and Mental Health in Siblings of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Compared with Physical Disabilities.
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Kirchhofer, Solveig Melanie; Orm, Stian; Haukeland, Yngvild Bjartveit; Fredriksen, Trude; Wakefield, Claire E. & Fjermestad, Krister Westlye
(2022).
A systematic review of social support of siblings of children with neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Nordahl-Hansen, Anders ; Dean, Michelle; Fletcher-Watson, Sue & Orm, Stian
(2022).
Autistic People Don’t like Music – an International Survey on Community Opinions of Autistic Portrayals on Film and TV.
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Løkke, Jon Arne & Orm, Stian
(2022).
Motiverende intervjuing og stimulering av egen motivasjon hos personer med kognitiv funksjonsnedsettelse.
I Haugland, Silje; Berge, Ulf; Gjermestad, Anita; Høium, Kari & Løkke, Jon Arne (Red.),
Kunnskapsbasert miljøterapeutisk arbeid.
Universitetsforlaget.
ISSN 9788215053165.
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Løkke, Jon Arne & Orm, Stian
(2022).
Funksjonelle analyser: Et miljødiagnostisk supplement til utforming av tiltak.
I Haugland, Silje; Berge, Ulf; Gjermestad, Anita; Høium, Kari & Løkke, Jon Arne (Red.),
Kunnskapsbasert miljøterapeutisk arbeid.
Universitetsforlaget.
ISSN 9788215053165.
-
Orm, Stian & Løkke, Jon Arne
(2022).
Emosjonsregulering for personer med kognitive funksjonsnedsettelser: et forsømt område.
I Haugland, Silje; Berge, Ulf; Gjermestad, Anita; Høium, Kari & Løkke, Jon Arne (Red.),
Kunnskapsbasert miljøterapeutisk arbeid.
Universitetsforlaget.
ISSN 9788215053165.
-
Orm, Stian & Lofthus, Elisabeth
(2021).
Patologisk kravunnvikelse (PDA) er et alvorlig symptom.
[Avis].
Lommelegen.
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Orm, Stian & Walter, Kenny
(2021).
Siblings of ADHD Children Face Psychosocial Challenges.
[Avis].
HCP Live.
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Finden, Eireen & Orm, Stian
(2021).
Traumesensitive tilnærminger i skolen: En analyse av ulike konseptualiseringer og atferdsanalysens bidrag.
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Orm, Stian & Løkke, Jon Arne
(2021).
Selvendring og psykologisk fleksibilitet - fra rigiditet til sosial mestring.
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Orm, Stian
(2021).
Chair for symposium: Nevroutviklingsforstyrrelser i et livsløpsperspektiv: atferdsanalyse, psykisk helse og nevrovitenskap.
Vis sammendrag
Personer med nevroutviklingsforstyrrelser er en sentral målgruppe for anvendt atferdsanalyse og atferdsanalyse i praksis. Vi presenterer bidrag som fokuserer på atferdsanalytiske tiltak, forståelsen av nevroutvilingsforstyrrelser og utvikling gjennom livsløpet.
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Løkke, Jon Arne & Orm, Stian
(2021).
Miljøterapeutens tredje øye: egen psykologisk fleksibilitet.
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Løkke, Jon Arne; Orm, Stian; Myhre, Martin Øverlien & Dechsling, Anders
(2021).
Autisme og selvmord: En systematisk litteraturgjennomgang.
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Orm, Stian & Løkke, Jon Arne
(2021).
Aksept- og forpliktelsesterapi for personer med nevroutviklingsforstyrrelser.
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Strømgren, Børge; Orm, Stian & Løkke, Jon Arne
(2021).
Kamuflering, opplevelsesmessig unngåelse og negativ forsterkning.
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Orm, Stian & Løkke, Jon Arne
(2021).
Et optimistisk perspektiv på nevroutviklingsforstyrrelser.
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Strømgren, Børge; Løkke, Jon Arne & Orm, Stian
(2021).
Sosial validitet: Et blikk fremover og presentasjon av et måleverktøy.
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Løkke, Jon Arne & Orm, Stian
(2021).
Funksjonelle analyser som en kjerne i miljøterapi.
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Løkke, Jon Arne & Orm, Stian
(2021).
Kjerner i miljøterapeutisk arbeid og atferdsanalysens bidrag.
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Løkke, Jon Arne & Orm, Stian
(2021).
Psykopatologi faktor (P): En fellesfaktor på tvers av psykiske lidelser.
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Orm, Stian & Løkke, Jon Arne
(2021).
Autismespekterdiagnoser: Se mulighetene.
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Orm, Stian; Krogh Parken, Andrine; Haukeland, Yngvild; Mossige, Svein; Fjermestad, Krister & Vatne, Torun
(2020).
Siblings' Experience of Violence from Their Brother or Sister with a Neurodevelopmental Disorder.
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Orm, Stian; Dechsling, Anders; Sütterlin, Stefan; Øien, Roald A & Nordahl-Hansen, Anders Johan
(2020).
Virtual Reality to Enhance Social and Emotional Skills in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders.
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Orm, Stian; Holt Holmberg, Ella & Pons, Francisco
(2020).
Visual Thinking and Impaired Temporal Cognition in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders.
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Orm, Stian
(2020).
Episode 3: RDA (PDA) med Stian Orm.
[Internett].
https://www.autismepodden.no/.
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Løkke, Jon Arne & Orm, Stian
(2020).
Autisme, avvik, atferdsanalyse og ACT.
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Løkke, Jon Arne; Orm, Stian & Vee, Tove Sandvoll
(2020).
Fake news.
Klassekampen.
ISSN 0805-3839.
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Løkke, Jon Arne & Orm, Stian
(2020).
Kan fagfellevurderingene bli litt mer dannet?
Khrono.no.
ISSN 1894-8995.
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Orm, Stian
(2020).
Reisebrev fra ABAI Autism 2020.
[Internett].
https://atferd.no.
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Fjermestad, Krister; Vatne, Torun & Orm, Stian
(2020).
Hva med søsken? SIBS - et prosjekt for søsken og foreldre til barn med autisme.
Autisme i dag.
ISSN 0803-530X.
2020(1),
s. 20–23.
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Orm, Stian
(2020).
Se mulighetene! Min historie med autisme.
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Orm, Stian & Freddy, de Ruiter
(2020).
Autisme i Arendal.
[Radio].
NRK P1, Sørlandssendinga.
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Dechsling, Anders; Orm, Stian; Øien, Roald A; Sütterlin, Stefan & Nordahl-Hansen, Anders
(2020).
Virtual Reality and Behavior Analytic Interventions on Social Skills for People with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review.
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Orm, Stian & Løkke, Jon Arne
(2020).
Self-Management to Increase Social Skills in a Student With Autism.
Vis sammendrag
Deficits in social communication are characteristic of Autism Spectrum Disorders, and creates difficulties in the establishment of social relationships. Effective interventions to promote social skills in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders are warranted. In this study, an 18-year-old male with autism conducted a self-management project with the aim of increasing social initiatives and prosocial behavior. The independent variable consisted of a package of goal-setting, rule following and social skills training and tutoring. The dependent variable was prosocial behavior and social initiatives measured and analyzed with a single-subject design (N=1). Reliability and treatment integrity were measured. The results show that the self-management procedure increased social initiatives and prosocial behavior, and follow-up probs shows that the results were maintained four to six months after completion. Reliability and validity are challenges inherent in self-management interventions and is a challenge for researchers. In this study we used verbal reports and descriptions from the participant to the tutor and second author to established reliability and treatment integrity. The limited number of participants represents a challenge to generalization and clear-cut conclusions. The promise of self-management interventions in increasing social skills in people with autism should be investigated further through better designs.
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Løkke, Jon Arne; Orm, Stian & Dechsling, Anders
(2020).
Misconceptions About Behavior Analysis Among Neurodiversity Proponents.
Vis sammendrag
Misconceptions about behavior analysis is prevalent among students and teachers, but to our knowledge, no earlier study has investigated misconceptions among potential receivers of applied behavior analysis. People with autism, engaged in the neurodiversity movement, are potential receivers of ABA, but misconceptions might be a barrier to seeking behavior analytic service delivery. The main purpose of this study was to identify possible misconceptions in the neurodiversity movement. We identified N=20 entities (e.g. book chapters, articles, blog and social media posts, websites etc.) and used thematic analysis to identify the misconceptions and conceptions about behavior analysis in these posts. The current study shows that neurodiversity proponents holds, and spreads, several misconceptions about behavior analysis. The themes emerging from the thematic analysis will be presented together with descriptive statistics showing the frequency of each misconception. Misconceptions about behavior analysis in the neurodiversity discourse could potentially hinder autistic people and their families from getting balanced information about intervention alternatives.
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Løkke, Jon Arne & Orm, Stian
(2020).
Third Generation Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Individuals with Autism: A Systematic Review.
Vis sammendrag
Third generation cognitive behavioral therapy, such as acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), functional analytic psychotherapy (FAP) and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) have shown great promise in treatment of psychological distress and increasing psychological flexibility in typical and clinical populations. Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) have impaired psychological flexibility and repetitive and restrictive behavior, and are at increased risk for psychological distress. In this review we conducted a systematic literature search on acceptance and commitment therapy, functional psychotherapy and dialectical behavior therapy for individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders. The data shows that there is limited research on these types of third generation cognitive behavioral therapy for individuals with ASD. However, the studies that do exists shows promise in reducing stress and psychological distress, as well as increasing psychological flexibility. It is important that treatments that works, as ACT, are an option also for people with ASD. Areas for further research will be discussed.
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Orm, Stian
(2020).
Fra eksklusjon til inklusjon i et autistisk perspektiv.
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Løkke, Jon Arne & Orm, Stian
(2020).
Mest lest i 2019.
[Internett].
https://blogg.hiof.no/rektorat/.
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Orm, Stian & Løkke, Jon Arne
(2020).
Ny rekord for Khrono 2019. Her er de mest leste sakene.
[Avis].
Khrono.no.
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Orm, Stian
(2020).
Autisme: emosjonell kompetanse og selvendring.
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Orm, Stian; Løkke, Gunn Elisabeth Haagensen & Løkke, Jon Arne
(2020).
Pathological Demand Avoidance (PDA) hos personer med nevroutviklingsforstyrrelser .
Spesialpedagogikk.
ISSN 0332-8457.
84(1),
s. 24–35.
Vis sammendrag
Pathological Demand Avoidance (PDA) er ifølge artikkelforfatterne en atferdsprofil hos barn, unge og voksne med nevroutviklingsforstyrrelser som blant annet innebærer ekstrem kravunngåelse med bruk av sosial manipulasjon for å unngå krav. PDA representerer en utfordring i skole- og undervisningssammenheng. I denne artikkelen gis det en oversikt over forskning på PDA og spesialpedagogiske implikasjoner.
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Orm, Stian & Løkke, Jon Arne
(2019).
Stian og Jon - sammen: Fra samhandlingsfrykt til samhandlingskompetanse.
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Orm, Stian
(2019).
Selvendring.
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Orm, Stian & Lorentzen, Mariann
(2019).
Fagseminar for lærere og andre fagpersoner.
[Tidsskrift].
Autisme i dag.
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Orm, Stian; Løkke, Jon Arne & Lie, Tove
(2019).
Stian (23) og Jon (57) er fagfeller:
På vei fra utagerende autisme til doktorgrad.
[Avis].
Khrono.no.
Vis sammendrag
Fagfeller «on track». Stian Orm (11) var sterkt utagerende med diagnosen barneautisme. Jon A. Løkke (45) var læreren og terapeuten hans. Nå publiserer Stian (23) og Jon (57) vitenskapelige artikler sammen. Det kan til og med bli en doktorgrad eller to av det.
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Orm, Stian
(2019).
Autisme i skolen: selvendring, tilrettelegging, stress og psykisk helse.
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Orm, Stian; Løkke, Jon Arne & Dechsling, Anders
(2019).
Stian Orm og Jon Arne Løkke for NAFO Østfold 2018.
[Internett].
Vimeo.com.
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Orm, Stian
(2023).
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Emerging Adulthood: A 10-year Longitudinal Study of the Relationships with Neurocognitive Functioning, Co-occurring Psychopathology, Functional Outcomes, and Quality of Life
.
Universitetet i Oslo.
ISSN 1504-3991.
-
Orm, Stian & Fjermestad, Krister
(2020).
Prosocial Behavior in Siblings of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case-Control Study.
Universitetet i Oslo.