Jo Adrian Dahl Askelund

• Legate, Nicole; Nguyen, Thuy-vy; Weinstein, Netta; Lund, Maria Louise; Klevjer, Kristoffer & Kunst, Jonas R. [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). A global experiment on motivating social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. ISSN 0027-8424. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2111091119.
• Ruggeri, Kai; Panin, Amma; Vdovic, Milica; Abdul-Salaam, Nazeer; Achterberg, Jascha & Akil, Carla [Vis alle 170 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). The globalizability of temporal discounting. Nature Human Behaviour. ISSN 2397-3374. doi: 10.1038/s41562-022-01392-w.
• Moreno-López, Laura; Sallie, Samantha N; Ioannidis, Konstantinos; Kaser, Muzaffer; Schueler, Katja & Askelund, Adrian Dahl [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). RAISE study protocol: a cross-sectional, multilevel, neurobiological study of resilience after individual stress exposure. BMJ Open. ISSN 2044-6055. 11(1). doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040394.
• Wang, Ke; Kunst, Jonas R.; Tamnes, Christian Krog; Schei, Vidar; Sverdrup, Therese E. & Askelund, Adrian Dahl [Vis alle 51 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nature Human Behaviour. ISSN 2397-3374. doi: 10.1038/s41562-021-01173-x. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Veer, Ilya M.; Riepenhausen, Antje; Zerban, Matthias; Wackerhagen, Carolin; Puhlmann, Lara M. C. & Engen, Haakon [Vis alle 50 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Psycho-social factors associated with mental resilience in the Corona lockdown. Translational Psychiatry. ISSN 2158-3188. 11(67). doi: 10.1038/s41398-020-01150-4.
• Ioannidis, Konstantinos; Askelund, Adrian Dahl; Kievit, Rogier & van Harmelen, Anne-Laura (2020). The complex neurobiology of resilience after childhood maltreatment. BMC Medicine. ISSN 1741-7015. 18(32), s. 1–16. doi: 10.1186/s12916-020-1490-7. Vis sammendrag

  Childhood maltreatment has been associated with significant impairment in social, emotional and behavioural functioning later in life. Nevertheless, some individuals who have experienced childhood maltreatment function better than expected given their circumstances. Here, we provide an integrated understanding of the complex, interrelated mechanisms that facilitate such individual resilient functioning after childhood maltreatment. We aim to show that resilient functioning is not facilitated by any single ‘resilience biomarker’. Rather, resilient functioning after childhood maltreatment is a product of complex processes and influences across multiple levels, ranging from ‘bottom-up’ polygenetic influences, to ‘top-down’ supportive social influences. We highlight the complex nature of resilient functioning and suggest how future studies could embrace a complexity theory approach and investigate multiple levels of biological organisation and their temporal dynamics in a longitudinal or prospective manner. This would involve using methods and tools that allow the characterisation of resilient functioning trajectories, attractor states and multidimensional/multilevel assessments of functioning. Such an approach necessitates large, longitudinal studies on the neurobiological mechanisms of resilient functioning after childhood maltreatment that cut across and integrate multiple levels of explanation (i.e. genetics, endocrine and immune systems, brain structure and function, cognition and environmental factors) and their temporal interconnections. We conclude that a turn towards complexity is likely to foster collaboration and integration across fields. It is a promising avenue which may guide future studies aimed to promote resilience in those who have experienced childhood maltreatment.

• Fritz, Jessica; Stretton, Jason; Askelund, Adrian Dahl; Schweizer, Susanne; Walsh, Nicholas D. & Elzinga, Bernet M. [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Mood and neural responses to social rejection do not seem to be altered in resilient adolescents with a history of adversity. Development and Psychopathology. ISSN 0954-5794. 32(2), s. 411–423. doi: 10.1017/S0954579419000178. Vis sammendrag

  Childhood adversity (CA) increases the risk of subsequent mental health problems. Adolescent social support (from family and/or friends) reduces the risk of mental health problems after CA. However, the mechanisms of this effect remain unclear, and we speculate that they are manifested on neurodevelopmental levels. Therefore, we investigated whether family and/or friendship support at ages 14 and 17 function as intermediate variables for the relationship between CA before age 11 and affective or neural responses to social rejection feedback at age 18. We studied 55 adolescents with normative mental health at age 18 (26 with CA and therefore considered “resilient”), from a longitudinal cohort. Participants underwent a Social Feedback Task in the magnetic resonance imaging scanner. Social rejection feedback activated the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and the left anterior insula. CA did not predict affective or neural responses to social rejection at age 18. Yet, CA predicted better friendships at age 14 and age 18, when adolescents with and without CA had comparable mood levels. Thus, adolescents with CA and normative mood levels have more adolescent friendship support and seem to have normal mood and neural responses to social rejection.

• Moreno-López, Laura; Ioannidis, Konstantinos; Askelund, Adrian Dahl; Smith, Alicia J.; Schueler, Katja & van Harmelen, Anne-Laura (2019). The Resilient Emotional Brain: A Scoping Review of the Medial Prefrontal Cortex and Limbic Structure and Function in Resilient Adults With a History of Childhood Maltreatment. Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging. ISSN 2451-9022. 5(4), s. 392–402. doi: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.12.008.
• Askelund, Adrian Dahl; Schweizer, Susanne; Goodyer, Ian M. & van Harmelen, Anne-Laura (2019). Positive memory specificity is associated with reduced vulnerability to depression. Nature Human Behaviour. ISSN 2397-3374. 3(3), s. 265–273. doi: 10.1038/s41562-018-0504-3. Vis sammendrag

  Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Early life stress exposure increases risk for depression and has been proposed to sensitize the maturing psychophysiological stress system to stress in later life. In response to stress, positive memory activation has been found to dampen cortisol responses and improve mood in humans and to reduce depression-like behaviour in mice. We used path modelling to examine whether recalling specific positive memories predicts reduced vulnerability to depression (high morning cortisol and negative self-cognitions during low mood) in adolescents at risk due to early life stress (n = 427, age 14 years). We found that positive memory specificity was associated with lower morning cortisol and fewer negative self-cognitions during low mood over the course of one year. Moderated mediation analyses demonstrated that positive memory specificity was related to lower depressive symptoms through fewer negative self-cognitions in response to negative life events reported in the one-year interval. These findings indicate that recalling specific positive life experiences may be a resilience factor that helps in lowering depressive vulnerability in adolescents with a history of early life stress.

• Blakey, Robert; Askelund, Adrian D.; Boccanera, Matilde; Immonen, Johanna; Plohl, Nejc & Popham, Cassandra [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Communicating the neuroscience of psychopathy and its influence on moral behavior: Protocol of two experimental studies. Frontiers in Psychology. ISSN 1664-1078. 8. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00294.

Se alle arbeider i Cristin

• Askelund, Adrian Dahl; Hegemann, Laura; Corfield, Elizabeth Claire; Ask, Helga; Ystrøm, Eivind & Havdahl, Alexandra [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). The genomics of psychiatric symptom differentiation in early life. Vis sammendrag

  Background: An emerging body of evidence suggests that genetic risk for psychiatric conditions is diffuse, probabilistic in nature, and overlaps substantially across different domains. However, psychiatric conditions are diagnosed and treated as specific disorders based on differentiated symptom clusters. In the context of generalised genetic risk, it remains to be determined how distinct psychiatric conditions emerge. The prospects of using genomic data to predict individual-level risk for psychiatric conditions are at present unclear. For prediction to be useful, it needs to be both sensitive (identifying who is at risk) and specific (at risk for what). While increasing sample sizes for genetic discovery may boost sensitivity, the generalised nature of genetic risk implies that identifying predictors of differentiation of psychiatric symptoms may be needed to increase specificity. The Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) is a large population-based pregnancy cohort with genotype and phenotype data, ideally suited to address these questions. Methods: We used the Child Behavior Checklist to assess behavioural and emotional difficulties at ages 1.5, 3, and 5. Symptom¬ differentiation was operationalised as the relative level of these domains over time (behavioural difficulties – emotional difficulties = differentiation). This means that individuals with high scores have relatively more behavioural than emotional difficulties, and the inverse for low scores. These scores can be compared to overall difficulties (behavioural + emotional = total). Following a preregistered analysis plan, we estimated latent growth trajectories of differentiation across early childhood, as well as mediation effects of differentiation on symptoms of psychiatric conditions at age 8. We tested associations between 10 polygenic scores (PGS) for core neurodevelopmental and psychiatric conditions and the extent (intercept) and rate (slope) of the differentiation process. The analytic sample comprised 57,387 genotyped children (including 12,347 pairs of full siblings) from MoBa. We used multilevel structural equation models to account for unmeasured familial confounding, and corrected for multiple comparisons using FDR. Results: ADHD PGS predicted the extent and rate of differentiation toward behavioural difficulties in early childhood (βintercept = 0.10 [0.09, 0.11]; βslope = 0.02 [0.02, 0.03]), and the extent of differentiation at age 5 in turn mediated 33-37% of the PGS associations with ADHD symptoms at age 8. The ADHD PGS association was smaller for total difficulties (βintercept = 0.05 [0.04, 0.06]; βslope = 0.01 [0.01, 0.02]). Schizophrenia PGS predicted differentiation toward emotional difficulties at age 5 (βintercept = -0.03 [-0.04, -0.02]; βslope = -0.01 [-0.02, -0.01]), and bipolar disorder PGS predicted differentiation toward behavioural difficulties (βintercept = 0.02 [0.01, 0.03]; βslope = 0.01 [0.01, 0.02]) – though in both cases effect sizes were substantially smaller. Discussion: We identify genomic predictors of symptom differentiation in early life. Results support a direct effect of ADHD PGS on differentiation toward behavioural difficulties, independent of individuals’ total burden of symptoms. PGS for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder differentially associates with the development of emotional and behavioural difficulties in early childhood. This research may help refine risk predictions in child psychiatry, an important step to enable early prevention.

• Hegemann, Laura; Askeland, Ragna Bugge; Elizabeth, Corfield C.; Askelund, Adrian Dahl; Hannigan, Laurie John & Havdahl, Alexandra (2022). Exploring shared genetic liability across early neurodevelopmental delays and atypicalities in the general population.
• Hannigan, Laurie John; Hegemann, Laura; Wootton, Robyn; Askelund, Adrian Dahl & Havdahl, Alexandra (2021). A framework to improve polygenic questions and strengthen inferences in psychiatric genetic epidemiology .

Se alle arbeider i Cristin