Paulina Due-Tønnessen

Automatic glioma characterization from dynamic susceptibility contrast imaging: brain tumor segmentation using knowledge-based fuzzy clustering.
Emblem KE, Nedregaard B, Hald JK, Nome T, Due-Tonnessen P, Bjornerud A.
J Magn Reson Imaging. 2009 Jul;30(1):1-10.
PMID: 19557840 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Automatic vessel removal in gliomas from dynamic susceptibility contrast imaging.
Emblem KE, Due-Tonnessen P, Hald JK, Bjornerud A.
Magn Reson Med. 2009 May;61(5):1210-7.
PMID: 19253390 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Histogram analysis of MR imaging-derived cerebral blood volume maps: combined glioma grading and identification of low-grade oligodendroglial subtypes.Emblem KE, Scheie D, Due-Tonnessen P, Nedregaard B, Nome T, Hald JK, Beiske K, Meling TR, Bjornerud A.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2008 Oct;29(9):1664-70. Epub 2008 Jun 26.
PMID: 18583405 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Predictive modeling in glioma grading from MR perfusion images using support vector machines.Emblem KE, Zoellner FG, Tennoe B, Nedregaard B, Nome T, Due-Tonnessen P, Hald JK, Scheie D, Bjornerud A.
Magn Reson Med. 2008 Oct;60(4):945-52.
PMID: 18816815 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Glioma grading by using histogram analysis of blood volume heterogeneity from MR-derived cerebral blood volume maps.
Emblem KE, Nedregaard B, Nome T, Due-Tonnessen P, Hald JK, Scheie D, Borota OC, Cvancarova M, Bjornerud A.
Radiology. 2008 Jun;247(3):808-17.
PMID: 18487536 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
 

• Kliem, Elisabeth; Gjestad, Elise Ødegård; Ryum, Truls; Olsen, Alexander; Thommessen, Bente; Indredavik, Bent; Bieliauskas, Linas; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Fladby, Tormod & Grambaite, Ramune (2021). The Relationship of Psychiatric Symptoms with Performance-Based and Self-Reported Cognitive Function After Ischemic Stroke. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society.  ISSN 1355-6177.  s 1- 13 . doi: 10.1017/S1355617721000187
• Voldsbekk, Irene; Groote, Inge Rasmus; Zak, Nathalia; Roelfs, Daniël Thomas Heimen; Geier, Oliver; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Løkken, Lise Linn; Strømstad, Marie; Blakstvedt, Taran Y; Kuiper, Yvonne S; Elvsåshagen, Torbjørn; Westlye, Lars Tjelta; Bjørnerud, Atle & Maximov, Ivan (2021). Sleep and sleep deprivation differentially alter white matter microstructure: A mixed model design utilising advanced diffusion modelling. NeuroImage.  ISSN 1053-8119.  226 . doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117540 Full text in Research Archive. Show summary

  Sleep deprivation influences several critical functions, yet how it affects human brain white matter (WM) is not well understood. The aim of the present work was to investigate the effect of 32 hours of sleep deprivation on WM microstructure compared to changes observed in a normal sleep-wake cycle (SWC). To this end, we utilised diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) including the diffusion tensor model, diffusion kurtosis imaging and the spherical mean technique, a novel biophysical diffusion model. 46 healthy adults (23 sleep deprived vs 23 with normal SWC) underwent DWI across four time points (morning, evening, next day morning and next day afternoon, after a total of 32 hours). Linear mixed models revealed significant group × time interaction effects, indicating that sleep deprivation and normal SWC differentially affect WM microstructure. Voxel-wise comparisons showed that these effects spanned large, bilateral WM regions. These findings provide important insight into how sleep deprivation affects the human brain

• Frič, Radek; Due-Tønnessen, Bernt Johan; Lundar, Tryggve; Egge, Arild; Krossnes, Bård Kronen; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Stensvold, Einar & Brandal, Petter (2020). Long-term outcome of posterior fossa medulloblastoma in patients surviving more than 20 years following primary treatment in childhood. Scientific Reports.  ISSN 2045-2322.  10:9371, s 1- 7 . doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-66328-8 Full text in Research Archive.
• Fuster i Garcia, Elies; Lorente Estellés, David; Álvarez-Torres, Maria del Mar; Juan-Albarracín, Javier; Chelebian, Eduard; Rovira, Alex; Acosta, Cristina Auger; Pineda, Jose; Oleaga, Laura; Mollà-Olmos, Enrique; Filice, Silvano; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Meling, Torstein Ragnar; Emblem, Kyrre Eeg & García- Gómez, Juan Miguel (2020). MGMT methylation may benefit overall survival in patients with moderately vascularized glioblastomas. European Radiology.  ISSN 0938-7994. . doi: 10.1007/s00330-020-07297-4
• Larsson, Christopher; Groote, Inge Rasmus; Vardal, Jonas; Kleppestø, Magne Mørk; Odland, Audun; Brandal, Petter; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Holme, Sigrun Skaar; Hope, Tuva Roaldsdatter; Meling, Torstein Ragnar; Fosse, Erik; Emblem, Kyrre E & Bjørnerud, Atle (2020). Prediction of survival and progression in glioblastoma patients using temporal perfusion changes during radiochemotherapy. Magnetic Resonance Imaging.  ISSN 0730-725X.  68, s 106- 112 . doi: 10.1016/j.mri.2020.01.012 Full text in Research Archive.
• Lundar, Tryggve; Due-Tønnessen, Bernt Johan; Fric, Radek; Brandal, Petter & Due-Tønnessen, Paulina (2020). Adult outcome after treatment of pediatric posterior fossa ependymoma: long-term follow-up of a single consecutive institutional series of 22 patients with more than 5 years of survival. Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics.  ISSN 1933-0707.  26(1), s 22- 26 . doi: 10.3171/2020.1.PEDS19700
• Lundar, Tryggve; Due-Tønnessen, Bernt Johan; Frič, Radek; Brandal, Petter; Stensvold, Einar & Due-Tønnessen, Paulina (2020). Outcomes in adulthood after neurosurgical treatment of brain tumors in the first 3 years of life: long-term follow-up of a single consecutive institutional series of 97 patients. Child's Nervous System.  ISSN 0256-7040.  37, s 427- 433 . doi: 10.1007/s00381-020-04859-1 Full text in Research Archive.
• Voldsbekk, Irene; Maximov, Ivan; Zak, Nathalia; Roelfs, Daniël Thomas Heimen; Geier, Oliver; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Elvsåshagen, Torbjørn; Strømstad, Marie; Bjørnerud, Atle & Groote, Inge Rasmus (2020). Evidence for wakefulness-related changes to extracellular space in human brain white matter from diffusion-weighted MRI.. NeuroImage.  ISSN 1053-8119.  212, s 116682 . doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116682 Full text in Research Archive.
• Álvarez-Torres, Maria del Mar; Juan-Albarracín, Javier; Fuster i Garcia, Elies; Bellvís-Bataller, Fuensanta; Lorente, David; Reynés, Gaspar; Font de Mora, Jaime; Aparici-Robles, Fernando; Botella, Carlos; Muñoz-Langa, Jose; Faubel, Raquel; Asensio-Cuesta, Sabina; García-Ferrando, Gérman A.; Chelebian, Eduard; Auger, Cristina; Pineda, Jose; Rovira, Alex; Oleaga, Laura; Mollà-Olmos, Enrique; Revert, Antonio J.; Tshibanda, Luaba; Crisi, Girolamo; Emblem, Kyrre E; Martin, Didier; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Meling, Torstein Ragnar; Filice, Silvano; Sáez, Carlos & García-Gómez, Juan M. (2019). Robust association between vascular habitats and patient prognosis in glioblastoma: An international multicenter study. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging.  ISSN 1053-1807.  s 1- 9 . doi: 10.1002/jmri.26958
• Due-Tønnessen, Paulina & Groote, Inge Rasmus (2019). Som perler på en snor. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening.  ISSN 0029-2001.  139(12) . doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.19.0203
• Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Pinho, Marco C.; Emblem, Kyrre E; Hald, John K; Kanoto, Masafumi; Abildgaard, Andreas; Sederevicius, Donatas; Groote, Inge Rasmus; Rapalino, Otto & Bjørnerud, Atle (2019). The impact of MRI features and observer confidence on the treatment decision-making for patients with untreated glioma. Scientific Reports.  ISSN 2045-2322.  9:19898, s 1- 10 . doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-56333-x Full text in Research Archive.
• Ferschmann, Lia; Vijayakumar, Nandita; Grydeland, Håkon; Øverbye, Knut; Sederevicius, Donatas; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Fjell, Anders Martin; Walhovd, Kristine B; Pfeifer, Jennifer H. & Tamnes, Christian Krog (2019). Prosocial behavior relates to the rate and timing of cortical thinning from adolescence to young adulthood. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience.  ISSN 1878-9293.  40:100734, s 1- 8 . doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100734 Full text in Research Archive.
• Lundar, Tryggve; Due-Tønnessen, Bernt Johan; Frič, Radek; Brandal, Petter; Stensvold, Einar & Due-Tønnessen, Paulina (2019). Adult outcome after neurosurgical treatment of brain tumours in the first year of life: long-term follow-up of a single consecutive institutional series of 34 patients. Acta Neurochirurgica.  ISSN 0001-6268.  161(9), s 1793- 1798 . doi: 10.1007/s00701-019-04014-z Show summary

  Background Long-term results for adult patients who underwent surgery for paediatric brain tumours in the first year of life have not been reported. Methods We performed a retrospective study on surgical morbidity, mortality rate, academic achievement and/or work participation in patients who underwent primary tumour resection for a brain tumour as infants in the period from 1973 to 1998. Gross motor function and activities of daily life were scored according to the Barthel Index. Findings Thirty-four consecutive children were included. No patient was lost to follow-up. Twenty-two children (65%) underwent gross total resection (GTR), 10 had subtotal resections (STR) and 2 had only partial resection during primary surgery. Nine children were additionally surgically treated for hydrocephalus (HC), many of them with repeat operations for shunt malfunction during follow-up. Three children died within 30 days following GTR of highly vascular tumours. Seventeen (50%) of the infants had high-grade tumours with 1-month, 1-year and 20-year survival figures of 88, 30 and 30%. The corresponding figures for 17 patients treated for low-grade tumours were 94%, 88% and 88%, respectively. Seventeen patients (50%) are still alive as adult long-term survivors at median age of 29 years (range 20 to 43 years). Three died after 29, 30 and 41 years, respectively. At the latest follow-up, 16 out of 17 long-term survivors have a Barthel Index (BI) of 100, while the remaining one has a BI of 40. Two long-term survivors of a high-grade tumour treated 30 and 35 years ago are severely handicapped and have no working capacity. The 15 long-term survivors after treatment for a low-grade tumour are all in daily activity as students (4), in part-time work (3) or full-time work (8). Conclusion A brain tumour occurring in the first year of life is a serious threat to the patient and the family, particularly in case of high-grade tumours. In our small cohort, the results from long-term survivors of high-grade tumour group are depressing and confirm the deleterious effect of radiotherapy given to infants decades ago. The infants with low-grade tumours who could be treated with surgical resection without any adjuvant therapy show a good clinical outcome as adults. For parents of these latter patients, the results are far better than feared in advance

• Lundar, Tryggve; Due-Tønnessen, Bernt Johan; Frič, Radek; Krossnes, Bård Kronen; Brandal, Petter; STENSVOLD, EINAR & Due-Tønnessen, Paulina (2019). Neurosurgical treatment of pediatric pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas: Long-term follow-up of a single-institution, consecutive series of 12 patients. Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics.  ISSN 1933-0707.  23(4), s 512- 516 . doi: 10.3171/2018.11.PEDS18449
• Stensvold, Einar; Myklebust, Tor Åge; Cappelen, Johan; Due-Tønnessen, Bernt Johan; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Kepka, Aleksandra; Johannessen, Tom Børge; Krossnes, Bård Kronen; Lundar, Tryggve; Maric, Snezana; Miletic, Hrvoje; Moholdt, Viggo; Myrmel, Kristin Smistad; Nordberg, Terje; Rydland, Jana; Stokland, Tore; Solem, Kristin; Solheim, Ole; Torsvik, Ingrid Kristin; Wikran, Gry Charlotte; Zeller, Bernward; Wesenberg, Finn; Bechensteen, Anne Grete & Brandal, Petter (2019). Children treated for medulloblastoma and supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor in Norway from 1974 through 2013: Unexplainable regional differences in survival. Pediatric Blood & Cancer.  ISSN 1545-5009.  66:e27910(10), s 1- 12 . doi: 10.1002/pbc.27910 Full text in Research Archive. Show summary

  Background A previous study based on Norwegian Cancer Registry data suggested regional differences in overall survival (OS) after treatment for medulloblastoma (MB) and supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor (CNS‐PNET) in Norway. The purpose of the present study was to confirm in an extended cohort whether there were regional differences in outcome or not, and if so try to identify possible explanations. Material and methods Data from patients aged 0–20 years diagnosed with and treated for MB/CNS‐PNET at all four university hospitals in Norway from 1974 to 2013 were collected and compared. Results Of 266 identified patients, 251 fulfilled inclusion criteria. MB was diagnosed in 200 and CNS‐PNET in 51 patients. Five‐year OS and event‐free survival (EFS) were 59% and 52%, respectively. There was a significant difference in five‐year OS and EFS between MB and CNS‐PNET patients; 62% versus 47% (P = 0.007) and 57% versus 35% (P < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, two factors were found to significantly contribute to improved five‐year OS and EFS, whereas one factor contributed to improved five‐year OS only. Gross total resection (GTR) versus non‐GTR (hazard ratio [HR] 0.53, P = 0.003; HR 0.46, P < 0.001) and cerebrospinal irradiation (CSI) versus non‐CSI (HR 0.24, P < 0.001; HR 0.28, P < 0.001) for both, and treatment outside Oslo University Hospital for OS only (HR 0.64, P = 0.048). Conclusion Survival was comparable with data from other population‐based studies, and the importance of GTR and CSI was confirmed. The cause for regional survival differences could not be identified.

• Angeli, Stelios; Emblem, Kyrre Eeg; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina & Stylianopoulos, Triantafyllos (2018). Towards patient-specific modeling of brain tumor growth and formation of secondary nodes guided by DTI-MRI. NeuroImage: Clinical.  ISSN 2213-1582.  20, s 664- 673 . doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.08.032
• Krogsrud, Stine Kleppe; Fjell, Anders Martin; Tamnes, Christian Krog; Grydeland, Håkon; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Bjørnerud, Atle; Sampaio-Baptista, Cassandra; Andersson, Jesper; Johansen-Berg, Heidi & Walhovd, Kristine B (2018). Development of white matter microstructure in relation to verbal and visuospatial working memory - A longitudinal study. PLOS ONE.  ISSN 1932-6203.  13:e0195540(4), s 1- 22 . doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195540 Full text in Research Archive.
• Lundar, Tryggve; Due-Tønnessen, Bernt Johan; Frič, Radek; Egge, Arild; Krossnes, Bård Kronen; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Stenvold, Einar & Brandal, Petter (2018). Neurosurgical treatment of gangliogliomas in children and adolescents: long-term follow-up of a single-institution series of 32 patients. Acta Neurochirurgica.  ISSN 0001-6268.  160(6), s 1207- 1214 . doi: 10.1007/s00701-018-3550-8 Full text in Research Archive.
• Nygaard, Egil; Slinning, Kari; Moe, Vibeke; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Fjell, Anders Martin & Walhovd, Kristine B (2018). Neuroanatomical characteristics of youths with prenatal opioid and poly-drug exposure. Neurotoxicology and Teratology.  ISSN 0892-0362.  68, s 13- 26 . doi: 10.1016/j.ntt.2018.04.004 Full text in Research Archive.
• Bjørnerud, Atle; Vatnehol, Svein Are Sirirud; Larsson, Christopher; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Hol, Per Kristian & Groote, Inge Rasmus (2017). Signal enhancement of the dentate nucleus at unenhanced MR imaging after very high cumulative doses of the macrocyclic gadolinium-based contrast agent gadobutrol: An observational study. Radiology.  ISSN 0033-8419.  285(2), s 434- 444 . doi: 10.1148/radiol.2017170391 Full text in Research Archive.
• Stensvold, Einar; Krossnes, Bård Kronen; Lundar, Tryggve; Due-Tønnessen, Bernt Johan; Fric, Radek; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Bechensteen, Anne Grete; Myklebust, Tor Åge; Johannessen, Tom Børge & Brandal, Petter (2017). Outcome for children treated for medulloblastoma and supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor (CNS-PNET) - a retrospective analysis spanning 40 years of treatment. Acta Oncologica.  ISSN 0284-186X.  56(5), s 698- 705 . doi: 10.1080/0284186X.2017.1301679
• Krogsrud, Stine Kleppe; Fjell, Anders Martin; Tamnes, Christian Krog; Grydeland, Håkon; Ferschmann, Lia; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Bjørnerud, Atle; Sampaio-Baptista, Cassandra; Andersson, Jesper; Johansen-Berg, Heidi & Walhovd, Kristine B (2016). Changes in white matter microstructure in the developing brain - A longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging study of children from 4 to 11years of age. NeuroImage.  ISSN 1053-8119.  124, s 473- 486 . doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.09.017
• Walhovd, Kristine B; Krogsrud, Stine Kleppe; Amlien, Inge Kasbohm; Bartsch, Hauke; Bjørnerud, Atle; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Grydeland, Håkon; Hagler, D.; Håberg, Asta; Kremen, William S.; Ferschmann, Lia; Nyberg, Lars; Panizzon, Matthew S; Rohani, Darius; Skranes, Jon Sverre; Storsve, Andreas Berg; Sølsnes, Anne Elisabeth; Tamnes, Christian Krog; Thompson, Wesley K.; Reuter, Chase; Dale, Anders & Fjell, Anders Martin (2016). Neurodevelopmental origins of lifespan changes in brain and cognition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.  ISSN 0027-8424.  113(33), s 9357- 9362 . doi: 10.1073/pnas.1524259113 Full text in Research Archive.
• Almaas, Astrid; Tamnes, Christian Krog; Nakstad, Britt; Henriksen, Christine; Walhovd, Kristine B; Fjell, Anders Martin; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Drevon, Christian A & Iversen, Per Ole (2015). Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and cognition in VLBW infants at 8 years: An RCT. Pediatrics.  ISSN 0031-4005.  135(6), s 972- 980 . doi: 10.1542/peds.2014-4094
• Due-Tønnessen, Bernt Johan; Egge, Arild; Lundar, Tryggve; Krossnes, Bård Kronen; STENSVOLD, EINAR; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina & Brandal, Petter (2015). Posterior fossa ependymoblastoma diagnosed in the second month of life: uneventful 12 years survival after gross total resection followed by chemotherapy. SpringerPlus.  ISSN 2193-1801.  4:389 . doi: 10.1186/s40064-015-1178-1
• Emblem, Kyrre Eeg; Pinho, Marco C.; Zöllner, Frank G.; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Hald, John K; Schad, Lothar R.; Meling, Torstein; Rapalino, Otto & Bjørnerud, Atle (2015). A generic support vector machine model for preoperative glioma survival associations. Radiology.  ISSN 0033-8419.  275(1), s 228- 234 . doi: 10.1148/radiol.14140770
• Fjell, Anders Martin; Grydeland, Håkon; Krogsrud, Stine Kleppe; Amlien, Inge Kasbohm; Rohani, Darius Adam; Ferschmann, Lia; Storsve, Andreas Berg; Tamnes, Christian Krog; Sala Llonch, Roser; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Bjørnerud, Atle; Sølsnes, Anne Elisabeth; Håberg, Asta; Skranes, Jon Sverre; Bartsch, Hauke; Chen, Chi-Hua; Thompson, Wesley K.; Panizzon, Matthew S.; Kremen, William S.; Dale, Anders M. & Walhovd, Kristine B (2015). Development and aging of cortical thickness correspond to genetic organization patterns. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.  ISSN 0027-8424.  112(50), s 15462- 15467 . doi: 10.1073/pnas.1508831112 Full text in Research Archive. Show summary

  There is a growing realization that early life influences have lasting impact on brain function and structure. Recent research has demon- strated that genetic relationships in adults can be used to parcellate the cortex into regions of maximal shared genetic influence, and a major hypothesis is that genetically progr ammed neurodevel opmental events cause a lasting impact on the organization of the cerebral cortex observable decades later. Here we tested how developmental and lifespan changes in cortical thickness fit the underlying genetic organi- zational principles of co rtical thickness in a longitudinal sample of 974 participants between 4.1 and 88.5 y of age with a total of 1,633 scans, including 773 scans from children below 12 y. Genetic clustering of cortical thickness was based on an independent dataset of 406 adult twins. Developmental and adult age- related changes in cortical thick- ness followed closely the genetic organization of the cerebral cortex, with change rates varying as a functi on of genetic similarity between regions. Cortical regions with overlapping genetic architecture showed correlated development al and adult age change trajectories and vice versa for regions with low genetic overlap. Thus, effects of genes on regional variations in cortical thickness in middle age can be traced to regional differences in neurodevelopmental change rates and extrap- olated to further adult aging-related cortical thinning. This finding suggests that genetic factors contribute to cortical changes through life and calls for a lifespan perspective i n research aimed at identifying the genetic and environmental determinants of cortical development and aging.

• Lundar, Tryggve; Due-Tønnessen, Bernt Johan; Egge, Arild; Krossnes, Bård Kronen; STENSVOLD, EINAR; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina & Brandal, Petter (2015). Neurosurgical treatment of brain tumors in the first 6 months of life: long-term follow-up of a single consecutive institutional series of 30 patients. Child's Nervous System.  ISSN 0256-7040.  31(12), s 2283- 2290 . doi: 10.1007/s00381-015-2792-5 Show summary

  Object The aim of this study is to delineate the long-term results for patients going through surgery for pediatric brain tumors in the first 6 months of life. Methods Thirty consecutive children (1–182 days old) who underwent primary resection for a brain tumor during the years 1973–2012 were included in this retrospective study on surgical morbidity, mortality rate, academic achievement, and/or work participation. Gross motor function and activities of daily life were scored according to the Barthel index. Results Of the 30 patients, 11 children had surgery in the first 3 months of life (1 to 88 days) and 19 were aged 3 to 6 months (94–182 days) at the time of surgery. The male/female ratio was 1.0 (15/15). No patients were lost to follow-up. Two patients died in the postoperative period (30 days). Another eight patients died during the follow-up. Twenty patients are alive, with follow-up times from 2 to 38 years, median 13 years. Among the 28 children who survived the primary resection, eight underwent repeat surgery from 6 months to 5 years after the first operation. Two children were operated three times, and one of these also a fourth time. Gross total resection (GTR) was achieved in 20 of the primary resections, subtotal resection (STR) in 6, and in the last 4, only a biopsy or a partial resection was performed. Nine children received adjuvant chemotherapy and three of these also radiotherapy (in the years 1979–1987). Among the 20 survivors, the Barthel index is normal (100) in 18 patients, 40 in one, and 20 in the last one. Eight tumors were located to the posterior fossa, and 22 were supratentorial. Eighteen tumors were histologically low-grade (WHO grade I–II), most of these were plexus papillomas (7) or astrocytomas (7), and 12 were high-grade (WHO grade I I I–IV); PNET/medulloblastomas (6), ependymoma (2), glioblastoma (2), teratoma, and plexus carcinoma. Conclusion Infants with brain tumors may clearly benefit from surgical resection with favorable results even for prolonged periods of time. Ten children died, two of them with prolonged survival for 9 and 29 years. Among the 20 survivors, a stable very long-term result appears obtainable in 18 also when it comes to quality of life. Four of the survivors have been treated for highly malignant tumors with a follow-up of 5, 11, 14, and 26 years. One of our infant patients treated for GBM in 1982, lived for 29 years, however, with a progressive decline in the quality of life probably due to postoperative whole-brain radiation.

• Nygaard, Gro Owren; Walhovd, Kristine B; Sowa, Piotr; Chepkoech, Joy-Loi; Bjørnerud, Atle; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Landrø, Nils Inge; Damangir, Soheil; Spulber, Gabriela; Storsve, Andreas Berg; Kristiansen Beyer, Mona; Fjell, Anders Martin; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen & Harbo, Hanne Flinstad (2015). Cortical thickness and surface area relate to specific symptoms in early relapsing−remitting multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis.  ISSN 1352-4585.  21(4), s 402- 414 . doi: 10.1177/1352458514543811
• Selnes, Per; Grambaite, Ramune; Rincon, Mariano; Bjørnerud, Atle; Gjerstad, Leif; Hessen, Erik; Auning, Eirik; Johansen, Krisztina Kunszt; Almdahl, Ina; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Vegge, Kjetil; Bjelke, Erik Börje & Fladby, Tormod (2015). Hippocampal complex atrophy in poststroke and mild cognitive impairment. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism.  ISSN 0271-678X.  35(11), s 1729- 1737 . doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2015.110
• Sowa, Piotr; Bjørnerud, Atle; Nygaard, Gro Owren; Damangir, Soheil; Spulber, Gabriela; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad & Beyer, Mona K. (2015). Reduced perfusion in white matter lesions in multiple sclerosis. European Journal of Radiology.  ISSN 0720-048X.  84(12), s 2605- 2612 . doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2015.09.007
• Tamnes, Christian Krog; Zeller, Bernward; Amlien, Inge; Kanellopoulos, Adriani; Andersson, Stein; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Ruud, Ellen; Walhovd, Kristine B & Fjell, Anders Martin (2015). Cortical surface area and thickness in adult survivors of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatric Blood & Cancer.  ISSN 1545-5009.  62(6), s 1027- 1034 . doi: 10.1002/pbc.25386
• Walhovd, Kristine B; Bjørnebekk, Astrid; Haabrekke, Kristin Johanne; Siqveland, Torill; Slinning, Kari; Nygaard, Egil; Fjell, Anders Martin; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Bjørnerud, Atle & Moe, Vibeke (2015). Child Neuroanatomical, Neurocognitive, and Visual Acuity Outcomes With Maternal Opioid and Polysubstance Detoxification. Pediatric Neurology.  ISSN 0887-8994.  52(3), s 326- 332.e3 . doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2014.11.008
• Walhovd, Kristine B; Tamnes, Christian Krog; Bjørnerud, Atle; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Holland, Dominic; Dale, Anders M. & Fjell, Anders Martin (2015). Maturation of Cortico-Subcortical Structural Networks - Segregation and Overlap of Medial Temporal and Fronto-Striatal Systems in Development. Cerebral Cortex.  ISSN 1047-3211.  25(7), s 1835- 1841 . doi: 10.1093/cercor/bht424
• Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Groote, Inge Rasmus; Berntsen, Erik Magnus; Bjørnerud, Atle & Emblem, Kyrre Eeg (2014). Identifying the central sulcus in patients with intra-axial lesions: A multicenter study comparing conventional presurgical MRI to topographical analysis and BOLD-fMRI. Journal of computer assisted tomography.  ISSN 0363-8715.  38(1), s 1- 8 . doi: 10.1097/RCT.0b013e3182a589e0
• Emblem, Kyrre Eeg; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Hald, John K; Bjørnerud, Atle; Pinho, Marco C.; Scheie, David; Schad, Lothar R.; Meling, Torstein & Zoellner, Frank (2014). Machine learning in preoperative glioma MRI: Survival associations by perfusion-based support vector machine outperforms traditional MRI. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging.  ISSN 1053-1807.  40(1), s 47- 54 . doi: 10.1002/jmri.24390
• Engvig, Andreas; Fjell, Anders Martin; Westlye, Lars Tjelta; Skaane, Nina Voss; Dale, Anders M.; Holland, Dominic; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Sundset, Øyvind & Walhovd, Kristine B (2014). Effects of Cognitive Training on Gray Matter Volumes in Memory Clinic Patients with Subjective Memory Impairment. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease.  ISSN 1387-2877. . doi: 10.3233/JAD-131889 Full text in Research Archive.
• Krogsrud, Stine Kleppe; Tamnes, Christian Krog; Fjell, Anders Martin; Amlien, Inge; Grydeland, Håkon; Sulutvedt, Unni; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Bjørnerud, Atle; Sølsnes, Anne Elisabeth; Håberg, Asta; Skranes, Jon Sverre & Walhovd, Kristine B (2014). Development of hippocampal subfield volumes from 4 to 22 years. Human Brain Mapping.  ISSN 1065-9471.  35(11), s 5646- 5657 . doi: 10.1002/hbm.22576 Full text in Research Archive.
• Lundar, Tryggve; Due-Tønnessen, Bernt Johan; Egge, Arild; Scheie, David; Brandal, Petter; STENSVOLD, EINAR & Due-Tønnessen, Paulina (2014). Neurosurgical treatment of pediatric low-grade midbrain tumors: a single consecutive institutional series of 15 patients. Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics.  ISSN 1933-0707.  14, s 598- 603 . doi: 10.3171/2014.9.PEDS1462.
• Amlien, Inge; Fjell, Anders Martin; Walhovd, Kristine B; Selnes, Per; Stenset, Vidar; Grambaite, Ramune; Bjørnerud, Atle; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Skinningsrud, Anders; Gjerstad, Leif; Reinvang, Ivar & Fladby, Tormod (2013). Mild cognitive impairment: cerebrospinal fluid tau biomarker pathologic levels and longitudinal changes in white matter integrity. Radiology.  ISSN 0033-8419.  266(1), s 295- 303 . doi: 10.1148/radiol.12120319
• Funderud, Ingrid; Løvstad, Marianne; Lindgren, Magnus; Endestad, Tor; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Meling, Torstein; Knight, Robert T. & Solbakk, Anne-Kristin (2013). Preparatory attention after lesions to the lateral or orbital prefrontal cortex - An event-related potentials study. Brain Research.  ISSN 0006-8993.  1527, s 174- 188 . doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.06.017
• Korsnes, Maria Stylianou; Løvdahl, Hans; Andersson, Stein; Bjørnerud, Atle; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Endestad, Tor & Malt, Ulrik Fredrik (2013). Working memory in recurrent brief depression: an fMRI pilot study. Journal of Affective Disorders.  ISSN 0165-0327.  149(1-3), s 383- 392 . doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.02.017
• Selnes, Per; Aarsland, Dag; Bjørnerud, Atle; Gjerstad, Leif; Wallin, Anders; Hessen, Erik; Reinvang, Ivar; Grambaite, Ramune; Auning, Eirik; Kjærvik, Veslemøy Krohn; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Stenset, Vidar & Fladby, Tormod (2013). Diffusion Tensor Imaging Surpasses Cerebrospinal Fluid as Predictor of Cognitive Decline and Medial Temporal Lobe Atrophy in Subjective Cognitive Impairment and Mild Cognitive Impairment. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease.  ISSN 1387-2877.  33(3), s 723- 736 . doi: 10.3233/JAD-2012-121603
• Tamnes, Christian Krog; Walhovd, Kristine B; Dale, Anders M.; Østby, Ylva; Grydeland, Håkon; Richardson, George; Westlye, Lars Tjelta; Roddey, J Cooper; Hagler, Donald J.; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Holland, Dominic; Fjell, Anders Martin & Database, ADNI (2013). Brain development and aging: Overlapping and unique patterns of change. NeuroImage.  ISSN 1053-8119.  68, s 63- 74 . doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.11.039
• Vik-Mo, Einar O.; Nyakas, Marta Sølvi; Mikkelsen, Birthe Viftrup; Moe, Morten Carsten; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Suso, Else Marit Inderberg; Sæbøe-Larssen, Stein; Sandberg, Cecilie; Brinchmann, Jan E.; Helseth, Eirik; Rasmussen, Anne Marie; Lothe, Knut; Aamdal, Steinar; Gaudernack, Gustav; Kvalheim, Gunnar & Langmoen, Iver Arne (2013). Therapeutic vaccination against autologous cancer stem cells with mRNA-transfected dendritic cells in patients with glioblastoma. Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy.  ISSN 0340-7004.  62(9), s 1499- 1509 . doi: 10.1007/s00262-013-1453-3
• Zeller, Bernward; Tamnes, Christian Krog; Kanellopoulos, Adriani; Amlien, Inge; Andersson, Stein; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Fjell, Anders Martin; Walhovd, Kristine B; Westlye, Lars Tjelta & Ruud, Ellen (2013). Reduced Neuroanatomic Volumes in Long-Term Survivors of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Journal of Clinical Oncology.  ISSN 0732-183X.  31, s 2078- 2085 . doi: 10.1200/JCO.2012.47.4031
• Juuhl-Langseth, Monica; Rimol, Lars Morten; Rasmussen, Inge-André; Thormodsen, Rune; Holmen, Aina; Emblem, Kyrre Eeg; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Rund, Bjørn Rishovd & Agartz, Ingrid (2012). Comprehensive segmentation of subcortical brain volumes in early onset schizophrenia reveals limited structural abnormalities. Psychiatry Research : Neuroimaging.  ISSN 0925-4927.  203(1), s 14- 23 . doi: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2011.10.005
• Løvstad, Marianne; Funderud, Ingrid; Endestad, Tor; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Meling, Torstein; Lindgren, Magnus; Knight, Robert T. & Solbakk, Anne-Kristin (2012). Executive functions after orbital or lateral prefrontal lesions: Neuropsychological profiles and self-reported executive functions in everyday living. Brain Injury.  ISSN 0269-9052.  26(13-14), s 1586- 1598 . doi: 10.3109/02699052.2012.698787
• Løvstad, Marianne; Funderud, Ingrid; Lindgren, Magnus; Endestad, Tor; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Meling, Torstein; Voytek, Bradley; Knight, Robert T. & Solbakk, Anne-Kristin (2012). Contribution of subregions of human frontal cortex to novelty processing. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.  ISSN 0898-929X.  24(2), s 378- 395 . doi: 10.1162/jocn_a_00099
• Løvstad, Marianne; Funderud, Ingrid; Meling, Torstein; Krämer, Ulrike M; Voytek, Bradley; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Endestad, Tor; Lindgren, Magnus; Knight, Robert T. & Solbakk, Anne-Kristin (2012). Anterior cingulate cortex and cognitive control: Neuropsychological and electrophysiological findings in two patients with lesions to dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. Brain and Cognition.  ISSN 0278-2626.  80(2), s 237- 249 . doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2012.07.008
• Selnes, Per; Fjell, Anders Martin; Gjerstad, Leif; Bjørnerud, Atle; Wallin, Anders; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Grambaite, Ramune; Stenset, Vidar & Fladby, Tormod (2012). White matter imaging changes in subjective and mild cognitive impairment. Alzheimer's & Dementia.  ISSN 1552-5260.  8(5), s 112- 121 . doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2011.07.001
• Walhovd, Kristine B; Tamnes, Christian Krog; Østby, Ylva; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina & Fjell, Anders Martin (2012). Normal variation in behavioral adjustment relates to regional differences in cortical thickness in children. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.  ISSN 1018-8827.  21(3), s 133- 140 . doi: 10.1007/s00787-012-0241-5
• Garzon Jimenez de Cisneros, Benjamin; Emblem, Kyrre Eeg; Mouridsen, Kim; Nedregaard, Bård; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Nome, Terje; Hald, John K; Bjørnerud, Atle; Håberg, Asta & Kvinnsland, Yngve (2011). Multiparametric analysis of magnetic resonance images for glioma grading and patient survival time prediction. Acta Radiologica.  ISSN 0284-1851.  52(9), s 1052- 1060 . doi: 10.1258/ar.2011.100510
• Stenset, Vidar Tveit Vasfaret; Bjørnerud, Atle; Fjell, Anders Martin; Walhovd, Kristine B; Hofoss, Dag; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Gjerstad, Leif & Fladby, Tormod (2011). Cingulum fiber diffusivity and CSF T-tau in patients with subjective and mild cognitive impairment. Neurobiology of Aging.  ISSN 0197-4580.  32(4), s 581- 589 . doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2009.04.014
• Tamnes, Christian Krog; Fjell, Anders Martin; Østby, Ylva; Westlye, Lars Tjelta; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Bjørnerud, Atle & Walhovd, Kristine B (2011). The brain dynamics of intellectual development: Waxing and waning white and gray matter. Neuropsychologia.  ISSN 0028-3932.  49(13), s 3605- 3611 . doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.09.012 Show summary

  Distributed brain areas support intellectual abilities in adults. How structural maturation of these areas in childhood enables development of intelligence is not established. Neuroimaging can be used to monitor brain development, but studies to date have typically considered single imaging modalities. To explore the impact of structural brain maturation on the development of intelligence, we used a combination of cortical thickness, white matter (WM) volume and WM microstructure in 168 healthy participants aged 8-30 years. Principal component analyses (PCAs) were conducted separately for cortical thickness, WM volume, fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) in 64 different brain regions. For all four parameters, the PCAs revealed a general factor explaining between 40% and 53% of the variance across regions. When tested separately, negative age-independent relationships were found between intellectual abilities and cortical thickness and MD, respectively, while WM volume and FA were positively associated with intellectual abilities. The relationships between intellectual abilities and brain structure varied with age, with stronger relationships seen in children and adolescents than in young adults. Multiple regression analysis with the different imaging measures as simultaneous predictors, showed that cortical thickness, WM volume and MD all yielded unique information in explaining intellectual abilities in development. The present study demonstrates that different imaging modalities and measures give complementary information about the neural substrates of intellectual abilities in development, emphasizing the importance of multimodal imaging in investigations of neurocognitive development.

• Westlye, Lars Tjelta; Walhovd, Kristine B; Dale, Anders M.; Bjørnerud, Atle; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Engvig, Andreas; Grydeland, Håkon; Tamnes, Christian Krog; Østby, Ylva & Fjell, Anders Martin (2010). Differentiating maturational and aging-related changes of the cerebral cortex by use of thickness and signal intensity. NeuroImage.  ISSN 1053-8119.  52(1), s 172- 185 . doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.03.056 Show summary

  Cortical thickness decreases from childhood throughout life, as estimated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This monotone trajectory does not reflect the fundamentally different neurobiological processes underlying morphometric changes in development versus aging. We hypothesized that intracortical gray matter (GM) and subjacent white matter (WM) T1-weighted signal intensity would distinguish developmental and age-related changes in the cortex better than thickness. Intracortical GM and subjacent WM signal intensity and cortical thickness was measured across the brain surface in a healthy life span sample (n = 429, 8–85 years). We also computed the relaxation rate of T2* (R2*) from multiecho sequences and mapped intracortical GM and subjacent WM values to the surface to delineate age-related variability in R2* and to adjust the T1 signal intensity for possible confounds of accumulated iron. While monotone age-related reductions in thickness were found, both intracortical GM and subcortical WM signal intensity showed inverted U patterns with peaks from eight to approximately 30 years of age. The spatial pattern of intracortical neurodevelopment followed a posterior–anterior gradient, with earliest maturation of occipital visual cortices and most protracted in superior frontal regions. From 50 s and 60 s, substantial signal reductions were observed in several regions, including the insula, cingulate, and inferior temporal gyrus. R2* showed similar patterns but peaked much later than the T1-weighted signal intensity measures. The results are presented as animations yielding detailed depictions of the dynamic regional variability in cortical neurodevelopment and aging and demonstrate that cortical thickness and T1-weighted signal intensity are sensitive to different cortical maturational and aging-related processes.

• Westlye, Lars Tjelta; Walhovd, Kristine B; Dale, Anders M; Bjørnerud, Atle; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Engvig, Andreas; Grydeland, Håkon; Tamnes, Christian Krog; Østby, Ylva & Fjell, Anders Martin (2010). Life-Span Changes of the Human Brain White Matter: Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) and Volumetry. Cerebral Cortex.  ISSN 1047-3211.  20(9), s 2055- 2068 . doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhp280 Show summary

  Magnetic resonance imaging volumetry studies report inverted U-patterns with increasing white-matter (WM) volume into middle age suggesting protracted WM maturation compared with the cortical gray matter. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is sensitive to degree and direction of water permeability in biological tissues, providing in vivo indices of WM microstructure. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to delineate age trajectories of WM volume and DTI indices in 430 healthy subjects ranging 8–85 years of age. We used automated regional brain volume segmentation and tract-based statistics of fractional anisotropy, mean, and radial diffusivity as markers of WM integrity. Nonparametric regressions were used to fit the age trajectories and to estimate the timing of maximum development and deterioration in aging. Although the volumetric data supported protracted growth into the sixth decade, DTI indices plateaued early in the fourth decade across all tested regions and then declined slowly into late adulthood followed by an accelerating decrease in senescence. Tractwise and voxel-based analyses yielded regional differences in development and aging but did not provide ample evidence in support of a simple last-in-first-out hypothesis of life-span changes.

• Abildgaard, Andreas; Witwit, Alaa Kasid; Karlsen, Jørn; Jacobsen, Eva Astrid; Tennøe, Bjørn; Ringstad, Geir Andre & Due-Tønnessen, Paulina (2010). An autostereoscopic 3D display can improve visualization of 3D models from intracranial MR angiography. International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery.  ISSN 1861-6410.  5(5), s 549- 554 . doi: 10.1007/s11548-010-0509-5
• Grydeland, Håkon; Walhovd, Kristine B; Westlye, Lars Tjelta; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Ormaasen, Vidar; Sundset, Øyvind & Fjell, Anders Martin (2010). Amnesia Following Herpes Simplex Encephalitis: Diffusion-Tensor Imaging Uncovers Reduced Integrity of Normal-appearing White Matter. Radiology.  ISSN 0033-8419.  257(3), s 774- 781 . doi: 10.1148/radiol.10100179
• Tamnes, Christian Krog; Østby, Ylva; Fjell, Anders Martin; Westlye, Lars Tjelta; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina & Walhovd, Kristine B (2010). Brain Maturation in Adolescence and Young Adulthood: Regional Age-Related Changes in Cortical Thickness and White Matter Volume and Microstructure. Cerebral Cortex.  ISSN 1047-3211.  20(3), s 534- 548 . doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhp118
• Tamnes, Christian Krog; Østby, Ylva; Walhovd, Kristine B; Westlye, Lars Tjelta; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina & Fjell, Anders Martin (2010). Intellectual Abilities and White Matter Microstructure in Development: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study. Human Brain Mapping.  ISSN 1065-9471.  31(10), s 1609- 1625 . doi: 10.1002/hbm.20962 Show summary

  Higher-order cognitive functions are supported by distributed networks of multiple interconnected cortical and subcortical regions. Efficient cognitive processing depends on fast communication between these regions, so the integrity of the connections between them is of great importance. It is known that white matter (WM) development is a slow process, continuing into adulthood. While the significance of cortical maturation for intellectual development is described, less is known about the relationships between cognitive functions and maturation of WM connectivity. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the associations between intellectual abilities and development of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) derived measures of WM microstructure in 168 right-handed participants aged 8-30 years. Independently of age and sex, both verbal and performance abilities were positively related to fractional anisotropy (FA) and negatively related to mean diffusivity (MD) and radial diffusivity (RD), predominantly in the left hemisphere. Further, verbal, but not performance abilities, were associated with developmental differences in DTI indices in widespread regions in both hemispheres. Regional analyses showed relations with both FA and RD bilaterally in the anterior thalamic radiation and the cortico-spinal tract and in the right superior longitudinal fasciculus. In these regions, our results suggest that participants with high verbal abilities may show accelerated WM development in late childhood and a subsequent earlier developmental plateau, in contrast to a steadier and prolonged development in participants with average verbal abilities. Longitudinal data are needed to validate these interpretations. The results provide insight into the neurobiological underpinnings of intellectual development.

• Tamnes, Christian Krog; Østby, Ylva; Walhovd, Kristine B; Westlye, Lars Tjelta; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina & Fjell, Anders Martin (2010). Neuroanatomical correlates of executive functions in children and adolescents: A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study of cortical thickness. Neuropsychologia.  ISSN 0028-3932.  48(9), s 2496- 2508 . doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.04.024
• Walhovd, Kristine B; Westlye, Lars Tjelta; Moe, Vibeke; Slinning, Kari; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Bjørnerud, Atle; van der Kouwe, Andre; Dale, Andreas & Fjell, Anders Martin (2010). White matter characteristics and cognition in prenatally opiate- and polysubstance-exposed children: a diffusion tensor imaging study. American Journal of Neuroradiology.  ISSN 0195-6108.  31(5), s 894- 900 . doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A1957 Show summary

  BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Prenatal drug exposure may influence the developing brain. Our aim was to study WM characteristics with DTI in children with prenatal opiate and polysubstance exposure and in controls. We assessed whether group differences in FA, DA, and DR could be found and related to cognitive function. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was approved by a committee for medical research ethics. Parents signed an informed consent; children gave spoken consent. Our sample included 14 prenatally substance-exposed adopted children (5 girls; age range, 8.6–13.9 years; mean, 11.3 ± 1.7 years) and 14 control children (7 girls; age range, 9.0–10.2 years; mean, 9.8 ± 0.3 years). Tract-based spatial statistics were used to define a common WM skeleton for the sample, and FA was compared between groups throughout the skeleton, controlling for age and sex. Clusters of significant group differences ≥100 voxels (P <. 05) were identified. FA, DA, and DR within clusters were correlated with cognitive function. RESULTS: Ten clusters of FA group differences, mostly in central, posterior, and inferior parts of the brain, were identified (P <. 05), showing lower FA in substance-exposed children. FA and DA correlated positively and DR, negatively with cognitive function across groups. CONCLUSIONS: Prenatally substance-exposed children exhibited lower FA in restricted areas of WM, mostly relatively central, inferior, and posterior, where myelination occurs early in development. Myelin in these areas may be particularly vulnerable to prenatal substance exposure. FA and DR related moderately to cognitive function. Potential confounding factors existed and were considered.

• Emblem, Kyrre Eeg; Nedregaard, Bård; Hald, John K; Nome, Terje; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina & Bjørnerud, Atle (2009). Automatic Glioma Characterization from Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Imaging: Brain Tumor Segmentation Using Knowledge-Based Fuzzy Clustering. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging.  ISSN 1053-1807.  30(1), s 1- 10 . doi: 10.1002/jmri.21815
• Walhovd, Kristine B; Fjell, Anders Martin; Amlien, Inge; Grambaite, Ramune; Stenset, Vidar Tveit Vasfaret; Bjørnerud, Atle; Reinvang, Ivar; Gjerstad, Leif; Cappelen, Tone; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina & Fladby, Tormod (2009). Multimodal imaging in mild cognitive impairment: Metabolism, morphometry and diffusion of the temporal-parietal memory network. NeuroImage.  ISSN 1053-8119.  45(1), s 215- 223 . doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.10.053
• Westlye, Lars Tjelta; Walhovd, Kristine B; Bjørnerud, Atle; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina & Fjell, Anders Martin (2009). Error-Related Negativity is Mediated by Fractional Anisotropy in the Posterior Cingulate Gyrus--A Study Combining Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Electrophysiology in Healthy Adults. Cerebral Cortex.  ISSN 1047-3211.  19(2), s 293- 304 . doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhn084 Show summary

  White matter (WM) is critical to cognitive function and brain activity. The objective of the present study was to test whether diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) derived WM measures are related to the cognitive event-related potential error-related negativity (ERN). Eighty-seven healthy middle-aged adults underwent DTI scanning and electrophysiological recordings while doing a version of the Eriksen flanker task. ERN was elicited in error trials. Fractional anisotropy (FA) was calculated based on the DTI scans. FA indexes degree of anisotropic diffusion in every voxel, and is assumed related to the integrity of myelinated fiber bundles. The principal neuronal generator for ERN is located in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Hence, the relationship between FA in the cingulum bundle and ERN amplitude was tested. It was found that FA in the left posterior cingulate correlated with ERN. Eigenvalue analyses revealed that radial diffusivity was responsible for the FA effect. ERN amplitude predicted response accuracy in the Flanker task, suggesting that electrophysiological measures are intermediate explanatory variables connecting DTI indices of WM organization, synchronization of large cell assemblies, and behavior.

• Østby, Ylva; Tamnes, Christian Krog; Fjell, Anders Martin; Westlye, Lars Tjelta; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina & Walhovd, Kristine B (2009). Heterogeneity in Subcortical Brain Development: A Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Brain Maturation from 8 to 30 Years. Journal of Neuroscience.  ISSN 0270-6474.  29(38), s 11772- 11782 . doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1242-09.2009
• Fjell, Anders Martin; Walhovd, Kristine B; Amlien, Inge; Bjørnerud, Atle; Reinvang, Ivar; Gjerstad, Leif; Cappelen, Tone; Willoch, Frode; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Grambaite, Ramune; Skinningsrud, A; Stenset, Vidar Tveit Vasfaret & Fladby, Tormod (2008). Morphometric changes in the episodic memory network and tau pathologic features correlate with memory performance in patients with mild cognitive impairment. American Journal of Neuroradiology.  ISSN 0195-6108.  29, s 1183- 1189 . doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A1059
• Emblem, Kyrre Eeg; Scheie, David; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Nedregaard, Bård; Nome, Terje; Hald, John K; Beiske, Klaus; Meling, Torstein Ragnar & Bjørnerud, Atle (2008). Histogram analysis of MR imaging-derived cerebral blood volume maps: combined glioma grading and identification of low-grade oligodendroglial subtypes.. American Journal of Neuroradiology.  ISSN 0195-6108.  29(9), s 1664- 1670
• Fjell, Anders Martin; Westlye, Lars Tjelta; Greve, Doug; Fischl, Bruce; Benner, Thomas; van der Kouwe, Andre; Salat, David; Bjørnerud, Atle; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina & Walhovd, Kristine B (2008). The relationship between diffusion tensor imaging and volumetry as measures of white matter properties. NeuroImage.  ISSN 1053-8119.  42(4), s 1654- 1668 . doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.06.005
• Walhovd, Kristine B; Moe, Vibeke; Slinning, Kari; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Bjørnerud, Atle; Dale, Anders m; van der Kouwe, Andre; Quinn, Brian t; Kosofsky, Barry; Greve, Doug & Fischl, Bruce (2007). Volumetric cerebral characteristics of children exposed to opiates and other substances in utero. NeuroImage.  ISSN 1053-8119.  36, s 1331- 1344 . doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.03.070
• Walhovd, Kristine B; Moe, Vibeke; Slinning, Kari; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Bjørnerud, Atle; Dale, AM; van der Kouwe, Andre; Quinn, Brian t; Kosofsky, Barry; Greve, Doug & Fischl, Bruce (2007). Volumetric cerebral characteristics of children exposed to opiates and other substances in utero. NeuroImage.  ISSN 1053-8119.  36(4), s 1331- 1344 . doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.03.070 Show summary

  Morphometric cerebral characteristics were studied in children with prenatal poly-substance exposure (n = 14) compared to controls (n = 14) without such exposure. Ten of the substance-exposed children were born to mothers who used opiates (heroin) throughout the pregnancy. Groups were compared across 16 brain measures: cortical gray matter, cerebral white matter, hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, accumbens area, caudate, putamen, pallidum, brainstem, cerebellar cortex, cerebellar white matter, lateral ventricles, inferior lateral ventricles, and the 3rd and 4th ventricles. In addition, continuous measurement of thickness across the entire cortical mantle was performed. Volumetric characteristics were correlated with ability and questionnaire assessments 2 years prior to scan. Compared to controls, the substance-exposed children had smaller intracranial and brain volumes, including smaller cerebral cortex, amygdala, accumbens area, putamen, pallidum, brainstem, cerebellar cortex, cerebellar white matter, and inferior lateral ventricles, and thinner cortex of the right anterior cingulate and lateral orbitofrontal cortex. Pallidum and putamen appeared especially reduced in the subgroup exposed to opiates. Only volumes of the right anterior cingulate, the right lateral orbitofrontal cortex and the accumbens area, showed some association with ability and questionnaire measures. The sample studied is rare and hence small, so conclusions cannot be drawn with certainty. Morphometric group differences were observed, but associations with previous behavioral assessment were generally weak. Some of the volumetric differences, particularly thinner cortex in part of the right lateral orbitofrontal cortex, may be moderately involved in cognitive and behavioral difficulties more frequently experienced by opiate and poly-substance-exposed children.

• Lund, Christian; Nes, Ragnhild Bang; Ugelstad, Torhild Pynten; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Andersen, Rune; Hol, Per Kristian; Rainer, Brucher & Russell, David (2005). Cerebral Emboli during Left Heart Catheterization may cause Acute Brain Injury. European Heart Journal.  ISSN 0195-668X.  26(13), s 1269- 1275
• Andresen, Sverre; Bjørnerud, Atle & Due-Tønnessen, Paulina (2004). Klinisk bruk av funksjonell MR ved preoperativ utredning for epilepsikirurgi. Tidsskrift for Norsk forening for idrettspsykologi.  ISSN 0803-7744.  7(1)
• Stabell, Kirsten E.; Bakke, Jacob; Andresen, Sverre; Bjørnæs, Helge; Borchgrevink, Hans M.; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Hemminghyt, Einar; Nome, Terje; Pedersen, Hans Kristian; Ramm-Pettersen, Jon Terje; Røste, Geir Ketil & Tennøe, Bjørn (2004). Selective Posterior Cerebral Artery Amobarbital Test: Its Role in Presurgical Memory Assessment in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Epilepsia.  ISSN 0013-9580.  45(7), s 817- 817

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• Lundar, Tryggve; Due-Tønnessen, Bernt Johan; Frič, Radek & Due-Tønnessen, Paulina (2018). Postoperative radiotherapy for pediatric brain tumor: a lesson learned from treatment of a 5-year-old girl for posterior fossa astrocytoma (WHO1) in 1967.. Acta Neurochirurgica.  ISSN 0001-6268.  160, s 2065- 2066
• Lundar, Tryggve; Due-Tønnessen, Bernt Johan; Krossnes, Bård Kronen; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina & Brandal, Petter (2015). Posterior fossa ependymoma in childhood: 60 years event-free survival after partial resection—a case report. Child's Nervous System.  ISSN 0256-7040.  31(9), s 1573- 1576 . doi: 10.1007/s00381-015-2766-7
• Zeller, Bernward; Tamnes, Christian Krog; Kanellopoulos, Adriani; Amlien, Inge Kasbohm; Andersson, Stein; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Fjell, Anders Martin; Walhovd, Kristine B; Westlye, Lars Tjelta & Ruud, Ellen (2014). Response to A.A.M. van der Veldt et al. Journal of Clinical Oncology.  ISSN 0732-183X.  32(8), s 852- 853 . doi: 10.1200/JCO.2013.52.5725
• Funderud, Ingrid; Solbakk, Anne-Kristin; Løvstad, Marianne; Endestad, Tor; Voytek, Bradley; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Meling, Torstein Ragnar; Knight, Robert T & Lindgren, Magnus (2011). To prepare or not to prepare: Differential Go/Nogo activity in contingent negative variation and EEG spectral power.
• Funderud, Ingrid; Solbakk, Anne-Kristin; Løvstad, Marianne; Endestad, Tor; Voytek, Bradley; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Meling, Torstein; Knight, Robert T. & Lindgren, Magnus (2011). To prepare or not to prepare: Differrential Go/Nogo activity in contingent negative variation and spectral power.
• Løvstad, Marianne; Funderud, Ingrid; Endestad, Tor; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Meling, Torstein; Lindgren, Magnus; Knight, Robert T. & Solbakk, Anne-Kristin (2011). Focal lesions to the lateral and orbital prefrontal cortex: Neuropsychological profiles and self reported executive functions in everyday living.
• Solbakk, Anne-Kristin; Løvstad, Marianne; Funderud, Ingrid; Endestad, Tor; Lindgren, Magnus; Meling, Torstein; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Reinvang, Ivar; Knight, Robert T. & Krämer, Ulrike M (2011). Electrophysiological indices of altered inhibitory control and error processing in patients with focal orbitofrontal lesions.
• Funderud, Ingrid; Løvstad, Marianne; Lindgren, Magnus; Endestad, Tor; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Meling, Torstein Ragnar; Knight, Robert Thomas & Solbakk, Anne-Kristin (2010). Contingent negative variation in patients with orbitofrontal and lateral lesions in the prefrontal cortex.
• Funderud, Ingrid; Løvstad, Marianne; Lindgren, Magnus; Endestad, Tor; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Meling, Torstein; Voytek, Bradley; Knight, Robert T. & Solbakk, Anne-Kristin (2010). Contingent negative variation in patients with orbitofrontal and lateral lesions in the prefrontal cortex.
• Løvstad, Marianne; Funderud, Ingrid; Lindgren, Magnus; Endestad, Tor; Knight, Robert T.; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Meling, Torstein; Voytek, Bradley & Solbakk, Anne-Kristin (2010). Auditory novelty processing in patients with ventral and lateral lesions in the prefrontal cortex – an Event-Related Potential (ERP) study.
• Emblem, Kyrre Eeg; Scheie, David; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Meling, Torstein Ragnar; Nedregaard, Bård; Nome, Terje; Borota, OC; Hald, John K & Bjørnerud, Atle (2007). The effect of oligodendroglial -1p/-19q genotypes on glioma grading from MR perfusion imaging.
• Due-Tønnessen, Paulina & Bjørnerud, Atle (2005). Combined fMRI and dynamic perfusion MR in pre-surgical assessment of cerebral arteriovenous malformations.
• Due-Tønnessen, Paulina (2004). Avansert bildediagnostikk ved nevropsykiatriske tilstander, og hvilken nytte psykiatrien kan ha av en slik undersøkelse.
• Due-Tønnessen, Paulina (2004). FMRI.
• Due-Tønnessen, Paulina (2004). Funksjonell MRI: Hva er det og hva brukes det til?.
• Due-Tønnessen, Paulina (2004). "Jeg ser hvor du tenker" - nye undersøkelsesmetoder i radiologien.
• Due-Tønnessen, Paulina (2004). Nevroradiologi.
• Due-Tønnessen, Paulina (2004). Radiologiens sammenhæng med de behandlende specialer.
• Lund, Christian; Andersen, Rune; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina & Russell, David (2004). Solide mikroembolier gir cerebral morfologisk skade.
• Lund, Christian; Russell, David; Nes, Ragnhild B; Ugelstad, Torhild P; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Andersen, Rune & Hol, Per Kristian (2004). Cerebral emboli generated during left-heart catheterization may cause acute cerebral morphological, clinical and cognitive impairment.
• Lund, Christian; Hol, Per Kristian; Uglestad, Torhild Pynten; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Andersen, Rune; Nes, Ragnhild Bang; Brucher, Rainer & Russell, David (2004). Cerebral emboli during left-heart catheterization may cause acute structural and functional brain impairment. Stroke.  ISSN 0039-2499.  35, s 259- 259

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