Anton Steen

2016: 'Deciding Refugee Settlement in Norwegian Cities: Local Administration or Party Politics?' in Journal of Refugee Studies. Online version.

• Askim, Jostein & Steen, Anton (2020). Trading Refugees: The Governance of Refugee Settlement in a Decentralized Welfare State. Scandinavian Political Studies.  ISSN 0080-6757. Show summary

  In a decentralized welfare state, central and local governments need each other to settle refugees. The article studies, using the case of Norway, how these interdependencies have been governed over time, including through the 2015–2016 refugee crisis. Norway’s refugee settlement programme is a conscious hybrid of market and network governance and it has remained essentially stable for more than 20 years, despite several changes in government, large fluctuations in the number of refugees, and long periods of poor performance vis-à-vis settlement targets. This surprising programme stability is explained by a combination of extraordinary political adherence to the democratic value of local government autonomy, the cupidity of local governments, and abundant state economic resources during the period under study.

• Steen, Anton & Røed, Maiken (2018). State Governance or Local Agency? Determining Refugee Settlement in Norwegian Municipalities. Scandinavian Journal of Public Administration.  ISSN 2001-7405.  22(1), s 27- 52 Full text in Research Archive. Show summary

  The commitment to make provisions for huge numbers of aylum-seekers challenges Norway's welfare state. Every year the central government requests most local governments to receive a certain number of refugees. Local governments are free to accept or decline - and many are hesitant. The ensuing implementation gap stems from this goal conflict and ineffective governance, but also reflects a decentralized decisinmaking system, embedded in an ideology of local autonomy where local authorities seek to accommodate state goals to feasable local solutions. The focus here is on the Chief Municipal Executive (rådmann) as the main manager of local government affairs. How does central governance influence local agency - and with what consequences for settlement decisions? We analyze this state-local controversy using insights from the principal-agent model

• Steen, Anton (2016). 'Deciding Refugee Settlement in Norwegian Cities: Local Administration or Party Politics?. Journal of Refugee Studies.  ISSN 0951-6328.  29(4), s 464- 482 . doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/few032 Show summary

  Refugee settlement is regularly contested among local governments in Norway who have full autonomy to accept or reject the state’s request that they receive a certain number of refugees. Here the author studies how local administrative and political processes may account for the responses of 14 cities—seven receptive and seven restrictive—in multi-level governance settings. Are the decisions to accept or reject the state’s petition driven by the city administrations or by political parties in the city council? And how may local issue framing explain the outcomes? The data indicates that the administrative framing of refugee settlement is paramount for activating certain political patterns, and for instigating a majority in favour of the administrative motion. Generally, the majority of the parties adhere to the administration’s economic arguments; however, council debates are also prompting considerable symbolic politics in favour of receiving refugees.

• Steen, Anton (2016). 'Deciding Refugee Settlement in Norwegian Cities: Local Administration or Party Politics?' in Journal of Refugee Studies, Vol. 29, Issue 4, 2016. Journal of Refugee Studies.  ISSN 0951-6328.  29(4), s 464- 482 . doi: 10.1093/jrs/few032
• Steen, Anton (2015). Small states and national elites in a neoliberal era, In Harald Baldersheim & Michael Keating (ed.),  Small States in the Modern World. Vulnerabilities and Opportunities.  Edward Elgar Publishing.  ISBN 9781784711436.  11.  s 183 - 201
• Steen, Anton (2012). 'Elite and Mass Confidence in New Democracies - Towards Congruence? The Baltic States 1992-2007'. In Special issue:Elite Foundations of Social Theory and Politics. Historical Social Research.  ISSN 0172-6404.  37(1), s 127- 147 Full text in Research Archive.
• Steen, Anton (2011). A Latvian Political Elite in Concord?, In Janis Ikstens & Andris Runcis (ed.),  Founding Elections in Latvia, 1993-1995: analyses, documents and data.  Edition Sigma.  ISBN 978-3-89404-255-4.  Kapittel 7.  s 123 - 142
• Steen, Anton (2010). 'Crossing the Local Community Border: Immigrant Settlement in Norway', In Bo Bengtsson; Per Strømblad & Ann-Helén Bay (ed.),  Diversity, Inclusion and Citizenship in Scandinavia.  Cambridge Scholars Publishing.  ISBN 9781443825740.  Chapter 8.  s 187 - 213 Show summary

  The chapter analyses how municipal leaders in Norway deal with settlement of refugees by balancing between state requests and local opposition.

• Steen, Anton (2010). National Elites and the Russian Minority Issue. Does EU-NATO Integration Matter?. Journal of European Integration.  ISSN 0703-6337.  32(2), s 193- 212
• Steen, Anton & Kuklys, Mindaugas (2010). Democracy by Elite Co-optation: Democratic Elitism in Multi-Ethnic States, In Heinrich Best & John Higley (ed.),  Democratic Elitism: New Theoretical and Comparative Perspectives (International Studies in Sociology and Social Anthropology).  Brill Academic Publishers.  ISBN 9789004179394.  Kapittel.  s 195 - 213
• Steen, Anton (2009). Hvorfor tar kommunene imot "de fremmede"? Eliter og lokal skepsis, I: Jo Saglie (red.),  Det nære demokratiet : lokalvalg og lokal deltakelse.  Abstrakt forlag.  ISBN 978-82-7935-276-1.  Kapittel 14.  s 323 - 350
• Steen, Anton (2007). Do Elite Beliefs Matter? Elites and Economic Reforms in the Baltic States and Russia. Comparative Social Research.  ISSN 0195-6310.  23, s 79- 102
• Steen, Anton & Østerud, Øyvind (2007). Eliter og nyliberal stat - postsosialdemokratiske og postkommunistiske eliter, I: Per Kristen Mydske; Dag Harald Claes & Amund Lie (red.),  Nyliberalisme - ideer og politisk virkelighet.  Universitetsforlaget.  ISBN 978-82-15-01162-2.  Kapittel 10.  s 185 - 206
• Steen, Anton (2006). "Accessioning Liberal Compliance? Baltic Elites and Ethnic Politics under new International Conditions". International Journal on Minority and Group Rights.  ISSN 1385-4879.  13, s 187- 207
• Steen, Anton (2004). How Elites View Corruption and Trust in post-Soviet States, In International Transparency (ed.),  Global Corruption Report, 2004. Special focus: political corruption.  Transparency International.  ISBN 0745322301.  Chapter 22.  s 323 - 325
• Steen, Anton (2004). The Welfare State - Still Viable?, In Knut Martin Heidar (ed.),  Nordic politics : comparative perspectives.  Universitetsforlaget.  ISBN 978-82-15-00628-4.  Chapter 12.  s 207 - 227
• Steen, Anton (2004). Internasjonalisering og etnisk integrasjon i de baltiske land. Nordisk Østforum.  ISSN 0801-7220.  18(1), s 25- 42
• Gel'man, Vladimir & Steen, Anton (2003). Elites and democratic development in Russia: an introduction, In Anton Steen & Vladimir Gel'man (ed.),  Elites and Democratic Development in Russia.  Routledge.  ISBN 0-415-30698-1.  Chapter 1.  s 1 - 11
• Steen, Anton (2003). The elite basis of Yeltsin's and Putin's regimes, In Anton Steen & Vladimir Gel'man (ed.),  Elites and Democratic Development in Russia.  Routledge.  ISBN 0-415-30698-1.  Chapter 4.  s 51 - 71
• Steen, Anton & Timofeev, Vsevolod (2003). Between centre and regions: the State Duma deputies and Russian federalism, In Anton Steen & Vladimir Gel'man (ed.),  Elites and Democratic Development in Russia.  Routledge.  ISBN 0-415-30698-1.  Chapter 6.  s 92 - 109
• Steen, Anton (2002). The Post-Communist Transformation: Elite Orientations and the Emerging Russian State. Perspectives on European Politics and Society.  ISSN 1570-5854.  3(1), s 93- 126
• Steen, Anton & Ruus, Jüri (2002). Change of Regime - Continuity of Elites? The Case of Estonia. East European Politics and Societies.  ISSN 0888-3254.  16(1), s 223- 248
• Steen, Anton (2001). The Elite Basis of Yeltsin's and Putin's Regimes, In Anton Steen (ed.),  Elites and Democratic Development in Russia.  Department of Political Science, University of Oslo.  ISBN 82-570-4667-1.  Chapter 4.  s 51 - 70
• Steen, Anton & Timofeev, Vsevolod (2001). Between Centre and Regions: the State Duma Deputies and Rudssian Federalism, In Anton Steen (ed.),  Elites and Democratic Development in Russia.  Department of Political Science, University of Oslo.  ISBN 82-570-4667-1.  Chapter 6.  s 92 - 108
• Steen, Anton (2001). Bastardøkonomi og kunkurranseoligarki. Eliter som problem og mulighet i dagens Russland, I: Harald Baldersheim; Bernt Hagtvet & Knut Martin Heidar (red.),  Statsvitenskapelige utsyn : politiske tema og tenkemåter i en oppbruddstid.  Cappelen Damm Høyskoleforlaget.  ISBN 82-7634-333-3.  s 180 - 192
• Steen, Anton (2001). Elites and Political Support under Yeltsin and Putin, In Anton Steen (ed.),  Elites and Democratic Development in Russia.  Department of Political Science, University of Oslo.  ISBN 82-570-4667-1.  s 44 - 68
• Steen, Anton (2001). The Question of Legitimacy: Elites and Political Support in Russia. Europe-Asia Studies.  ISSN 0966-8136.  53(5), s 697- 718
• Steen, Anton & Timofeev, Vsevolod (2001). Between Centre and Region: The State Duma Deputies and Russian Federalism, In Anton Steen & Vladimir Gel'man (ed.),  Elites and Democratic Development in Russia. Research Report No.1/2001.  Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo.  ISBN 82-570-4667-1.  s 94 - 106
• Steen, Anton (2000). Ethnic Relations, Elites and Democracy in the Baltic States. Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics.  ISSN 1352-3279.  16(4), s 68- 87
• Steen, Anton (2000). What kind of Light in the End of the Tunnel? Democratic Norms, Market Orientations and Political Socialisation. A Comparison of Elites in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Russia, In Janina Frentzel-Zagorska & Jacek Wasilexski (ed.),  The Second Generation of Democratic Elites in Central and Eastern Europe.  Institute of Political Studies. Polish Academy of Sciences..  ISBN 83-88490-06-0.  s 125 - 158
• Steen, Anton (1998). Eliter og nye demokratier i Baltikum. Mennesker og Rettigheter.  ISSN 0800-0735.  16(3), s 239- 249
• Steen, Anton (1997). Baltikum i internasjonal politikk: forbilder og samarbeid. Internasjonal Politikk - Skandinavisk tidsskrift for internasjonale studier.  ISSN 0020-577X.  55(1), s 79- 92
• Steen, Anton (1997). Cleavage Structures, Elite Configurations and Democracy in Post Communist Countries - the Case of the Baltic States, In Anton Steen (ed.),  Ethnicity and Politics in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.  Research Report 02/97. Department of Political Science, University of Oslo.  s 1 - 22
• Steen, Anton (1997). The Baltic elites after change of regime, In Heinrich Best & Ulrike Becker (ed.),  Elites in Transition.  Informations-Zentrum Sozialwissengeschaften. Leske und Budrich. Opladen..  ISBN 3-8100-1844-9.  s 149 - 170
• Steen, Anton (1997). The New Elites in the Baltic States: Recirculation and Change. Scandinavian Political Studies.  ISSN 0080-6757.  20(1), s 91- 112
• Mydske, Per Kristen; Steen, Anton & Vanags, Edvins (1996). Public Administration Reforms in Latvia. Fõrvaltningsforskning/Hallinnon Tutkimus/Administrative Studies.  ISSN 0359-6680.  15(4), s 275- 281

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• Steen, Anton (2003). Political Elites and the New Russia. The power basis of Yeltsin's and Putin's regimes. Routledge Mental Health.  ISBN 0-415-30903-4.  212 s.
• Steen, Anton & Gel'man, Vladimir (ed.) (2003). Elites and Democratic Development in Russia. Routledge.  ISBN 0-415-30698-1.  219 s.
• Steen, Anton (1997). Between Past and Future: Elites, Democracy and the State in Post-Communist Countries. A Comparison of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. Ashgate.  ISBN 1-85972-472-8.  389 s.
• Steen, Anton (ed.) (1997). Ethnicity and Politics in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. Research Report 02/97. Department of Political Science, University of Oslo.

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• Steen, Anton (2018). 'Risks, Public Fear and Decision-venue. How to Decide Refugee Settlement - Local Referendum, the City Council or the State?' Paper to the ECPR General Conference, Hamburg 22.-25. August 2018.
• Steen, Anton & Askim, Jostein (2018). 'Refugee-Settlement in a Decentralized Welfare State - from Soft Multi-Level Governance to Municipal Lobbying?' Paper to the ECPR General Conference, Section: Evaluating Policies of Immigrant Integration and their Outcomes. Panel:Great Expectations, Ambigious Goals and Multi Level Governance - The Outcome Gap Re-visited.
• Steen, Anton & Røed, Maiken (2016). 'What determines refugee-settlement in Norwegian Municipalities? State policy or local agency - the role of the Central Executive Officer'. Paper presentert på Nordic Municipal Conference (NORKOM), University of Oslo 24. - 25. November 2016.
• Steen, Anton (2015). Deciding Refugee Settlement in Norwegian Cities: Party Politics or at the Discretion of the CEO? Paper, 25 s..
• Steen, Anton (2015). The New Neighbor: Refugees, Legitimacy and the Local Opinion in Norway. Paper. 19 s..
• Steen, Anton & Røed, Maiken (2015). 'What determines refugee-settlement in Norwegian municipalities? State policy and local agency – the role of the Central Executive Officer (rådmann)'. Conference paper.
• Askim, Jostein & Steen, Anton (2013). Policy learning under multi-level governance and discrepant issue framing: Reflections based on the case of refugee re-settlement in Norway.
• Steen, Anton & Askim, Jostein (2013). Paper: 'Multi-level governance of refugee settlement: Lessons from Norways failure'.
• Steen, Anton & Askim, Jostein (2013). Paper: 'Policy-learning under multi-level governance and discrepant issue framing: Reflections based on the case of refugee-settlement in Norway'.
• Steen, Anton (2011). Hvor velkomne? Lokalt innvandringsregime, trusseloppfatning og holdninger til å bosette flyktninger. En sammenligning av fire norske kommuner.(Paper 24s.).
• Steen, Anton (2011). The local politics of immigrant settlement in Norway. (Paper 18s.).
• Steen, Anton (2009). 'Bosetting av flyktninger - mellom statlig styring og lokal politikk', i Årsrapport for 2008 (Hvordan går det med integreringen?). Oslo: Integrerings- og mangfoldsdirektoratet. ISBN 978-82-92757-73-4.
• Steen, Anton (2009). Eliter mot folkelig skepsis. Den norske kommunen som innvandringsarena. Paper til den XVIII Nordiske Kommuneforskerkonferansen, Åbo 26.11 - 28.11. 2009.
• Steen, Anton (2009). Kommet for å bli. Dagsavisen.  ISSN 1503-2892.
• Steen, Anton (2008). Politisering i begge ender? Sentrale virkemidler og lokal iverksetting av flyktning-integrering i Norge. (34 s.). Show summary

  Paperet viser en avtakende politisering blant partiene på Stortinget om tilskudd til bosetting av flyktninger, men sterk politisering i kommunestyrene om bosettingsvedtak.

• Steen, Anton (2007). Democratic Consolidation through Elite-Internationalization? Paper. 18 pages.
• Steen, Anton (2007). Democratic Elitism and Minority Political Rights. The Baltic States from Schumpeter to Dahl? Paper. 20 pages.
• Steen, Anton (2006). Bokanmeldelse av Aidukaite, Jolouta: The emergence of the post-socialist welfare state - the case of the Baltic States. Stockholm: Sodertorns Skolan. Europe-Asia Studies.  ISSN 0966-8136.  58(4), s 644- 645
• Steen, Anton (2006). 'Muhammed og Kristian'. Kronikk. Morgenbladet.  ISSN 0805-3847.
• Steen, Anton (2006). "Do Elite Beliefs Matter? Elites and Economic Reforms in the Baltic States and Russia".(Paper).
• Steen, Anton (2006). Muhammed og Kristian. Morgenbladet.  ISSN 0805-3847.
• Steen, Anton (2005). 'Dobbelt statsborgerskap: svekket loyalitet eller økt integrasjon?'. Kronikk. Morgenbladet.  ISSN 0805-3847.
• Steen, Anton (2005). 'En bedre innvandringspolitikk?'. Kronikk. Aftenposten (morgenutg. : trykt utg.).  ISSN 0804-3116.
• Steen, Anton (2005). National Elites in the Post-national Era: Ethno-politics and Internationalization in the Baltic States.
• Steen, Anton (2005). National Elites in the Post-national Era: Ethno-politics and Internationalization the Baltic States. Working Papers, Arena. 6:2005.
• Østerud, Øyvind & Steen, Anton (2005). Elites and neo-liberalism in East and West. The Baltic States, Russia and Norway.
• Steen, Anton (2005). Dobbelt statsborgerskap: svekket loyalitet eller økt integrasjon?. Morgenbladet.  ISSN 0805-3847.
• Steen, Anton (2005). En bedre invandringspolitikk?. Aftenposten (morgenutg. : trykt utg.).  ISSN 0804-3116.
• Steen, Anton (2005). Review of: Baltic Democracy at the Crossroads. An Elite Perspective. Berglund, S. adn Duvold, K. (eds.) Kristiansand: Hoyskoleforlaget. 2003. Journal of Baltic Studies.  ISSN 0162-9778.  36(3), s 373- 377
• Steen, Anton (2004). Anmeldelse av Berglund, S. & Duvold, K. (eds.)'Baltic Democracy at the Crossroads. An Elite Perspective. Høyskoleforlaget. Nordisk Østforum.  ISSN 0801-7220.  18(2), s 256- 260
• Steen, Anton (2004). Book-review of: Troxel, T.A. 2003 'Parliamentary Power in Russia, 1994-2001'. New York: Palgrave. Slavic Review: Interdisciplinary Quarterly of Russian, Eurasian, and East European Studies.  ISSN 0037-6779.  63(3), s 669- 670
• Steen, Anton (2004). National Elites Under Pressure. International Integration and the Citizenship Issue in the Baltic States.
• Steen, Anton & Zepa, Brigita (2003). Latvijas elite parmainu laika. (The Latvian elite under change). Diena.
• Steen, Anton (2002). Review of: 'The Baltic States Transformed: Complexity Theory and European Security'. By Walter C. Clemens. Slavic Review: Interdisciplinary Quarterly of Russian, Eurasian, and East European Studies.  ISSN 0037-6779.  61(4), s 845- 846
• Steen, Anton (ed.) (2001). Elites and Democratic Development in Russia.
• Steen, Anton (2001). Elites and Democratic Development in Russia.
• Steen, Anton (2001). Elites and Reforms in Russia - Why Half Way is the Only Possible Way. A Political Culture Approach.
• Steen, Anton & Gel'man, Vladimir (ed.) (2001). Elites and Democratic Development in Russia. Research Report No.1/2001.
• Steen, Anton (2000). 'Competitive Paternalism': the answer to market meeting collectivism?.
• Steen, Anton (2000). Decision-making in Russia: From Hierarchy to Networks?.
• Steen, Anton (2000). 'Legitimacy, democracy and economic reforms in Russia. An elite perspective'.
• Steen, Anton (2000). 'Some Notes on Russian Elites and the Central Government Connection'.
• Steen, Anton (1999). Eliter og styringssystem i Russland. fra hierarki til nettverk? Paper til den 7. nasjonale fagkonferanse i statsvitenskap, Røros.
• Steen, Anton (1999). Elites in Russia. Attitudes, Behaviour and Social Biography of Central and Regional Elites 1998.
• Steen, Anton (1999). Elites, Governance and Economic Reforms in Russia. Paper to the seminar 'Political Development and Governance in Post-communist countries'. Department of Political Science. University of Oslo.
• Steen, Anton (1999). Report on Elite Research - Russia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania.
• Steen, Anton (1999). Trust, Democracy and the Market. Elite-orientations in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Russia. Paper to the workshop: 'The Second Generation of Democratic Elites'. Jagiellonian University/Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow.
• Steen, Anton (1998). Culture and Institutions: Consequences for Post-Communist Elites. A Comparison of the Baltic States. Paper presentert på Nasjonal fagkonferanse i statsvitenskap, Geilo,Jan. 1998.
• Steen, Anton (1998). De baltiske land: Demokratier i utvikling. Aftenposten (morgenutg. : trykt utg.).  ISSN 0804-3116.
• Steen, Anton (1998). Regime Legitimacy in Post-Communist Countries. A Comparative Analysis of Mass Attitudes in the Baltic States 1992-1997.
• Steen, Anton & Selliaas, Andreas (1998). De baltiske land - et 'nytt' norsk nærområde? Rapport fra seminar 19.8.98 arrangert av Institutt for statsvitenskap/UiO, og Utenriksdepartementet.
• Steen, Anton (1997). Cleavage Structures, Elite Configurations and Democracy in Post Communist Countries: The Case of the Baltic States.
• Steen, Anton (1997). Ethnicity and Politics in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
• Steen, Anton (1993). Baltikum og demokratiet. Aftenposten (morgenutg. : trykt utg.).  ISSN 0804-3116.
• Steen, Anton (1993). Baltikum og demokratiets institusjoner. Kronikk. Aftenposten. 1993. Aftenposten (morgenutg. : trykt utg.).  ISSN 0804-3116.

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