Kristoffer Kolltveit

• Askim, Jostein; Karlsen, Rune & Kolltveit, Kristoffer (2020). Public office as a stepping stone? Investigating the careers of ministerial advisors. Political Studies Review.  ISSN 1478-9299.  s 1- 19 . doi: 10.1177/1478929920906991 Full text in Research Archive. Show summary

  Ministerial advisors (MAs) have become an essential aspect of executive branches worldwide, thus making the MA office a potential route for young politicians aspiring to an expanding political class. The article studies which professions MAs migrate to following their ministerial careers, how MAs’ post-ministerial careers compare to their pre-ministerial careers, and if the variance in careers can be explained by the resources that MAs obtain while in government. Empirically, the article draws on a cohort of 139 MAs in Norwegian governments between 2001 and 2009; it covers positions in the political sphere and the public, private and voluntary occupational sectors over a period from each MA’s youth to the end of 2017. The bibliographic data is combined with surveys and elite interviews. The results show that more than expanding the political class as a recruitment ground for future MPs and ministers, MA appointments serve as stepping-stones to careers outside of politics. Most MAs experience shifts between occupational sectors and upward to higher positions. However, MAs’ attractiveness in the labour market is surprisingly unaffected by what they actually did in office; rather, it rests on resources such as insider knowledge and networks. Keywords: Ministerial Advisors, Careers, Political Class, Revolving door, Executives

• Figenschou, Tine Ustad & Kolltveit, Kristoffer (2020). Kommunikasjonsrådgiverne i norske departementer: En «ny» type byråkrater i skjæringsfeltet mellom politikk og administrasjon?. Norsk Statsvitenskapelig Tidsskrift.  ISSN 0801-1745.  s 102- 119 Full text in Research Archive.
• Karlsen, Rune; Kolltveit, Kristoffer; Schillemans, Thomas & Thorbjørnsrud, Kjersti (2020). Media and Bureaucracy: Investigating Media Awareness Amongst Civil Servants. Scandinavian Journal of Public Administration.  ISSN 2001-7405. Full text in Research Archive. Show summary

  Scholars claim that civil servants are increasingly having to engage in media management and be aware of how events are presented in the press, with this media awareness being said to threaten civil servants’ traditional bureaucratic values. In this article, we argue that media awareness is unevenly spread in public bureaucracies, and rather is contingent on individual and organizational characteristics. More specifically, we present the hypotheses that media awareness depends on the amount of media related work, the amount of media attention on the organization in which they work, as well as the civil servants’ fundamental views on the role of the media in society. To test the hypotheses, the article utilizes a large-N survey of civil servants in Norwegian ministries and agencies. The results show that the vast majority of civil servants care about how issues appear in the press. Further on, we find that civil servants’ media awareness coexists with traditional bureaucratic values, offering some relief to scholars who fear the disruptive effects of the media in public administration. As the hypotheses suggest, we find that this media awareness is linked to civil servants’ actual media-related work. However, the analysis shows that civil servants working in organizations with a lot of media attention are, in fact, are less aware of the media.

• Figenschou, Tine Ustad; Karlsen, Rune; Kolltveit, Kristoffer & Schillemans, Thomas (2019). Mounting media pressure: Push and pull forces influencing agendas, resource allocation and decision-making in public bureaucracies. European Journal of Communication.  ISSN 0267-3231.  34(4), s 377- 394 . doi: 10.1177/0267323119861513
• Kolltveit, Kristoffer (2019). On the minister’s tight leash? Media appearance and autonomy in public agencies. Scandinavian Journal of Public Administration.  ISSN 2001-7405.  23(1), s 41- 58 Full text in Research Archive.
• Kolltveit, Kristoffer; Karlsen, Rune & Askim, Jostein (2019). Understanding reputational concerns within government agencies. Policy & Politics.  ISSN 0305-5736.  47(3), s 473- 493 . doi: 10.1332/030557319X15579230420144
• Schillemans, Thomas; Karlsen, Rune & Kolltveit, Kristoffer (2019). Why do civil servants experience media-stress differently and what can be done about it?. Policy & Politics.  ISSN 0305-5736.  47(4), s 599- 620 . doi: 10.1332/030557319X15613701092525 Full text in Research Archive.
• Sieberer, Ulrich; Meyer, Thomas M.; Bäck, Hanna; Ceron, Andrea; Falcó-Gimeno, Albert; Guinaudeau, Isabelle; Hansen, Martin Ejnar; Kolltveit, Kristoffer; Louwerse, Tom; Müller, Wolfgang C. & Persson, Thomas (2019). The political dynamics of portfolio design in European democracies. British Journal of Political Science.  ISSN 0007-1234. . doi: 10.1017/S0007123419000346 Full text in Research Archive.
• Askim, Jostein; Karlsen, Rune & Kolltveit, Kristoffer (2018). The spy who loved me? Cross-partisans in the core executive. Public Administration.  ISSN 0033-3298.  96(2), s 243- 258 . doi: 10.1111/padm.12392 Full text in Research Archive.
• Kolltveit, Kristoffer & Thorsen, Ingvild Våset (2018). De politiske rådgiverne: unge broilere eller betrodde (fag)medarbeidere?. Norsk Statsvitenskapelig Tidsskrift.  ISSN 0801-1745.  34(1), s 21- 39 . doi: 10.18261/issn.1504-2936-2018-01-02
• Askim, Jostein; Karlsen, Rune & Kolltveit, Kristoffer (2017). Political appointees in executive government: Exploring and explaining roles using a large-N survey in Norway. Public Administration.  ISSN 0033-3298.  95(2), s 342- 358 . doi: 10.1111/padm.12272 Full text in Research Archive. Show summary

  Political appointees in executive government have received increased scholarly attention in recent years. However, few studies have covered non-Westminster systems, and apart from classifications that systemize variation in assignments, theorizing about appointees has been limited. Using large-N survey data, the article finds three distinct roles among political appointees in Norway: ‘stand in’, ‘media adviser’ and ‘political coordinator’. The article then combines insights from research on political appointees with insights from core executive studies (CES) to explain why political appointees perform one role or another. The empirical results support the notion that roles of appointees within the core executive depend on where they sit, supporting the asymmetric power model within CES. The results also show that appointees' roles within the executive depend on their personal experience, supporting the notion of a resource exchange between ministers and their appointees in the mould of the resource-dependency perspective within CES.

• Askim, Jostein; Kolltveit, Kristoffer & Røe, Per Gunnar (2017). Veier til bedre politikk og styring, I: Jostein Askim; Kristoffer Kolltveit & Per Gunnar Røe (red.),  En smartere stat. Veier til bedre politikk og styring.  Universitetsforlaget.  ISBN 978-82-15-02707-4.  Kapittel 1.  s 9 - 30
• Figenschou, Tine Ustad; Karlsen, Rune; Kolltveit, Kristoffer & Thorbjørnsrud, Kjersti (2017). Serving the Media Ministers: A Mixed Methods Study on the Personalization of Ministerial Communication. The International Journal of Press/Politics.  ISSN 1940-1612.  22(4), s 411- 430 . doi: 10.1177/1940161217720772 Full text in Research Archive. Show summary

  The personalization of politics has received much attention in both the political science and political communication literature, but the focus has almost entirely been on party leaders and prime ministers. This study investigates the personalization of ministerial communication in Norway, a type of decentralized personalization. It combines a survey of communication workers; in-depth interviews with politicians, communication workers, political reporters, and top-level civil servants; and ethnographic observation inside a ministry. The article goes beyond media-centered perspectives and identifies several potential drivers and barriers to personalization processes. Based on our mixed methods approach, we find that ministerial communication in Norway is strongly centered on the minister in both reactive media management and the proactive promotion of the minister and new policies. This decentralized personalization is driven by both demands from the media and the strategic adaptation by political and administrative actors within ministries. Based on the rich empirically grounded insights, the article discusses how the interplay between the logic of the contemporary commercial news media, political ambitions, internal administrative ambitions, and changes in executive government shapes the personalization of ministerial communication, and illuminates how these multiple drivers of personalization are mutually reinforcing.

• Hustedt, Thurid; Kolltveit, Kristoffer & Salomonsen, Heidi Houlberg (2017). Ministerial advisors in executive government: Out from the dark and into the limelight. Public Administration.  ISSN 0033-3298.  95(2), s 299- 311 . doi: 10.1111/padm.12329
• Kolltveit, Kristoffer & Askim, Jostein (2017). Decentralization as Substantial and Institutional Policy Change: Scrutinizing the Regionalization of Science Policy in Norway. Science and Public Policy.  ISSN 0302-3427.  44(4), s 546- 555 . doi: 10.1093/scipol/scw083
• Solberg, Espen & Kolltveit, Kristoffer (2017). Norsk forskningspolitikk: fragmentert styring i et sentralisert system, I: Jostein Askim; Kristoffer Kolltveit & Per Gunnar Røe (red.),  En smartere stat. Veier til bedre politikk og styring.  Universitetsforlaget.  ISBN 978-82-15-02707-4.  Kapittel 9.  s 159 - 176
• Kolltveit, Kristoffer (2016). Spenninger i det politisk-administrative systemet: erfaringer fra Norge. Politica - Tidsskrift for politisk videnskab.  ISSN 0105-0710.  48(4), s 481- 496
• Kolltveit, Kristoffer (2015). Strengthening of the executive centre: looking beyond NPM as the explanation for change. International Review of Administrative Sciences.  ISSN 0020-8523.  81(1), s 18- 36 . doi: 10.1177/0020852314541566
• Askim, Jostein; Karlsen, Rune & Kolltveit, Kristoffer (2014). Statssekretærer i norsk politikk: De oversette maktutøverne. Norsk Statsvitenskapelig Tidsskrift.  ISSN 0801-1745.  30(4), s 233- 255 Show summary

  Statssekretærene er trolig den gruppen med mest politisk makt i Norge som vi vet minst om. I denne artikkelen forsøker vi å bøte på denne manglende kunnskapen. Med utgangspunkt i relevant teori og internasjonal forskning drøfter vi først hvorfor antallet politisk ansatte i departementene har økt, og hvilke roller statssekretærer kan tenkes å ha i regjeringer. Deretter studerer vi tre hovedspørsmål empirisk: For det første, har det vært en økning i antall statssekretærer fra 1945 til i dag? For det andre, hva slags sosial og politisk bakgrunn har statssekretærene, og har denne endret seg over tid? For det tredje, hvor omfattende er såkalt partipolitisk skygging, at man som statssekretær fra et annet parti kan gå ministeren nærmere etter i sømmene? For å belyse disse spørsmålene benytter vi i hovedsak tilgjengelige registerdata. Gjennomgangen viser at antallet statssekretærer i departementene har økt betraktelig de siste tiårene, samtidig som det har blitt færre politiske rådgivere. Når det gjelder statssekretærenes bakgrunn synes erfaring fra partiorganisasjonen å ha blitt viktigere over tid. Statssekretærenes rolle har også endret seg. I de studerte koalisjonsregjeringene har det blitt vanligere å ha statssekretærer fra et annet parti; det gjelder ikke lenger bare de viktigste departementene, men ser ut til å ha blitt normen i en rekke departementer. Overordnet kan disse utviklingstrekkene tyde på det er et økende behov for partipolitisk koordinering i norske regjeringer.

• Kolltveit, Kristoffer (2014). Concentration of power in cabinets: Exploring the importance of the party political context. Acta Politica.  ISSN 0001-6810.  49(3), s 266- 285 . doi: 10.1057/ap.2013.22
• Kolltveit, Kristoffer (2014). Samordning i det norske regjeringsapparatet, I: Harald Baldersheim & Øyvind Østerud (red.),  Det norske demokratiet i det 21. århundre.  Fagbokforlaget.  ISBN 9788245016147.  18.
• Kolltveit, Kristoffer (2013). Concentration of Decision-Making Power: Investigating the Role of the Norwegian Cabinet Subcommittee. World Political Science Review.  ISSN 2194-6248.  9(1), s 173- 195 . doi: 10.1515/wpsr-2013-0008
• Kolltveit, Kristoffer (2012). Maktkonsentrasjon og politisk kontekst. Om underutvalgets rolle i to norske regjeringer. Norsk Statsvitenskapelig Tidsskrift.  ISSN 0801-1745.  (1), s 24- 47 Show summary

  I flere av våre naboland har man de siste årene sett tendenser til at regjeringslederens stilling har blitt styrket og at regjeringsmøtet har fått mindre betydning som beslutningsarena. Det overordnede forskningsspørsmålet i denne artikkelen er hvorvidt beslutningsmakten også i norske regjeringer har blitt konsentrert, og hvilke faktorer som eventuelt kan bidra til å forklare utviklingstrekkene. Internasjonalisering, medialisering av politikken og økt kompleksitet og fragmentering i samfunnet, er ifølge den såkalte presidensialiserings-litteraturen viktige grunnleggende årsaker til at regjeringsledere i en rekke parlamentariske demokratier har økt sin innflytelse. Denne artikkelen undersøker hvordan også trekk ved regjeringskonstellasjonen kan ha betydning for spørsmålet om maktkonsentrasjon. Artikkelen baserer seg på semi-strukturerte intervjuer med 19 statsråder fra Bondevik II- og Stoltenberg II-regjeringen. Konklusjonen er at regjeringskollegiet har mistet innflytelse. Beslutningsmakten har derimot blitt tydeligere sentrert rundt det såkalte underutvalget som i tillegg til statsministeren også inneholder partilederne og finansministeren. I artikkelen antydes det at forhold som politiske avstander mellom koalisjonspartiene og regjeringens parlamentariske basis har hatt betydning for maktkonsentrasjonen.

• Kolltveit, Kristoffer (2012). Presidentialisation in the Executive Sphere? Evidence from Norwegian Cabinets. Scandinavian Political Studies.  ISSN 0080-6757.  35(4), s 372- 392 . doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9477.2012.00293.x

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• Stigen, Inger Marie; Kolltveit, Kristoffer & Winsvold, Marte Slagsvold (2018). Fra valg til velferd. Innføring i stats- og kommunalkunnskap. Cappelen Damm Akademisk.  ISBN 9788202529406.  262 s.
• Askim, Jostein; Kolltveit, Kristoffer & Røe, Per Gunnar (red.) (2017). En smartere stat. Veier til bedre politikk og styring. Universitetsforlaget.  ISBN 978-82-15-02707-4.  203 s.

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• Kolltveit, Kristoffer; Figenschou, Tine Ustad; Pallas, Josef & Fredriksson, Magnus (2021). Public Bureaucracies, In Eli Skogerbø; Øyvind Ihlen; Nete Nergaard Kristensen & Lars W. Nord (ed.),  Power, communication, and politics in the Nordic countries.  Nordicom.  ISBN 978-91-88855-28-2.  16.  s 325 - 345
• Kolltveit, Kristoffer; Karlsen, Rune & Figenschou, Tine Ustad (2020). Conceptualizing Communication Professionals in Public Bureaucracies: Ideal Types and Empirical Application.
• Figenschou, Tine Ustad & Kolltveit, Kristoffer (2018, 06. april). Når byråkratiene styres av mediene (kronikk).  Aftenposten.
• Karlsen, Rune; Kolltveit, Kristoffer & Stoltenberg, Christina Hoelgaard (2018). Mediepåvirkning i offentlig sektor : Resultat- og dokumentasjonsrapport. Rapport – Institutt for samfunnsforskning. 2018:3. Full text in Research Archive. Show summary

  Rapporten dokumenterer og gjengir hovedfunnene fra spørreundersøkelsene om mediepåvirkning sendt ut til ledere, saksbehandlere og kommunikasjonsansatte i departementene, og i direktorater, ombud og tilsyn høsten 2015 og våren 2016.

• Kolltveit, Kristoffer; Askim, Jostein & Karlsen, Rune (2018). Understanding Reputational Concerns within Government Agencies: The Importance of Individual Characteristics and Organizational Features.
• Kolltveit, Kristoffer; Figenschou, Tine Ustad & Karlsen, Rune (2018). Communication workers in ministries: Strategic links between politics and administration.
• Figenschou, Tine Ustad; Karlsen, Rune; Kolltveit, Kristoffer & Thorbjørnsrud, Kjersti (2017). Media influence on bureaucratic decision-making: Evidence from Norway and the Netherlands.
• Kolltveit, Kristoffer (2017). Lojalitet, nøytralitet og faglig uavhengighet i sentraladministrasjonen.
• Kolltveit, Kristoffer (2017). On the minister’s tight leash? Exploring the links between the media, ministers and agency autonomy.
• Kolltveit, Kristoffer; Karlsen, Rune & Figenschou, Tine Ustad (2017). Mounting media pressure: Push and pull forces influencing decision making in public bureaucracies.
• Kolltveit, Kristoffer; Askim, Jostein & Rose, Lawrence E (2014). Knowledge, wicked problems and multi-level government: Learning in the shadow of complexity. Show summary

  The growing political science literature on wicked policy problems and multi-level government typically studies challenges related to coordination and democratic accountability. Without disputing the importance of these phenomena, this paper argues that the wicked issues literature should pay more attention to the learning aspect of policymaking: knowledge production, knowledge dissemination, and experience-based policy learning. And vice versa: The literature on learning in organizations and policy subsystems should pay more attention to learning in wicked problem processes. The limited dialogue between these literatures is surprising given that the need for information and learning must be assumed to extraordinarily high in awkwardly structured policy subsystems and issues with wicked characteristics. This paper discusses how prerequisites of ideal learning are challenged by characteristics of wicked problems and multi-level governance: the absence of shared problem frames within the policy subsystem, underdeveloped means-ends understandings, few common interests, lack of commitment to policy goals and improvement, and limits on opportunities for information exchange and reflection. Based on the theoretical exposition the paper formulates expectations about learning processes within three policy sectors in Norway – settlement of refugees, regional research policy, and urban development policy.

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