Sigurd Martin Nordli Oppegaard

• Valestrand, Erik Thule & Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2022). Framveksten av plattformmediert gigarbeid i Norge og den «norske arbeidslivsmodellen». En analyse av drosjenæringen og renholdsbransjen. Norsk sosiologisk tidsskrift. ISSN 2535-2512. 6(5), s. 25–43. doi: 10.18261/nost.6.5.3. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Rye, Johan Fredrik & Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2021). Social order in the de-differentiated society: Deleuzian social theory and the penal institution. Current Sociology. ISSN 0011-3921. s. 1–19. doi: 10.1177/00113921211039276. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The article problematises the assumption that modern society is characterised by institutional differentiation as a unidirectional process. Inspired by Deleuze’s sketch of the ‘society of control’, in this article the authors explore institutional de-differentiation in contemporary society. They illustrate the process of de-differentiation by developments in the penal institution, employing empirical materials from the Norwegian prison system. They show how this institution increasingly integrates (imports) elements from other institutions while expanding (exports) its activities into said institutions, resulting in a blurring of institutional borders. Furthermore, the question of institutional differentiation has been related to the question of social control in modern society. The authors discuss the characteristics of the social order of a de-differentiated society by drawing on Deleuze’s social theory and arguing that de-differentiation gives rise to forms of power and social logics no longer restricted by institutional confinements.

• Jesnes, Kristin & Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2021). Platform work in the Nordic countries and the consequences of the COVID-19 crisis. I Alsos, Kristin & Dølvik, Jon Erik (Red.), The Future of Work in the Nordic countries: Opportunities and Challenges for the Nordic Working Life Models. Nordisk ministerråd. ISSN 978-92-893-7014-1. s. 40–45.
• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2021). Regulating Flexibility: Uber’s Platform as a Technological Work Arrangement. Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies. ISSN 2245-0157. 11(1), s. 109–127. doi: 10.18291/njwls.122197. Vis sammendrag

  When initiating its Norwegian operations, the transportation platform Uber adjusted its business model to the Norwegian regulation of the taxi market by focusing on its high-end offering, Uber Black, organized through limousine companies who employ the drivers and own the cars. The Uber Black drivers in Oslo are classified as employees and endowed with a substantially flexible work arrangement. Based on a ‘traveling ethnography’ among Uber Black drivers in Oslo, this article conceptualizes Uber’s digital platform as a technological work arrangement. The analysis shows that while the platform is experienced as an opaque form of management that limits the drivers’ formal flexibility, the effects of the technological work arrangement is contingent on the drivers’ formal work arrangement and the characteristics of the Uber Black market in Oslo.

• Jesnes, Kristin; Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli; Ilsøe, Anna; Hotvedt, Marianne Jenum; Rolandsson, Bertil & Saloniemi, Antti [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Conclusion. I Jesnes, Kristin & Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (Red.), Platform work in the Nordic models: Issues, cases and responses. Nordisk Ministerråd. ISSN 978-92-893-6608-3. s. 79–88. doi: 10.6027/temanord2020-513. Vis sammendrag

  This report explores how the platform economy is evolving in the Nordic countries and how its evolution is influenced by the Nordic labour market models and vice-versa. Here, we include all the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden), except Iceland, where platform work is still very marginal. While remaining a marginal phenomenon in the Nordic countries, platform work can be seen as one important case in which many key aspects of the changing world of work coalesce. This report on platform work in the Nordic countries thus connects some of the themes explored in the other pillars of the NFoW project, such as digitalization, new forms of employment and the legal and regulatory challenges currently faced by the social partners, governments and Nordic labour market models.

• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2020). Kontrollsamfunnet og nyliberalismen. Makt og samtidsdiagnoser hos Deleuze og Foucault. Agora. ISSN 0800-7136. 37(3-4), s. 7–35.
• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2020). Gig- og plattformøkonomien i den norske arbeidslivsmodellen – forutsetninger og konsekvenser. En casestudie av Uber Black i Oslo. Søkelys på arbeidslivet. ISSN 1504-8004. 37(3), s. 168–182. doi: 10.18261/issn.1504-7989-2020-03-03. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Gig- og plattformøkonomi utgjør et relativt marginalt fenomen i Norge, og Norden for øvrig, men har likevel funnet fotfeste i deler av arbeidslivet som kan karakteriseres som den nordiske arbeidslivsmodellens «randsoner». I denne artikkelen drøfter jeg årsakene til at disse forretningsmodellene har etablert seg i et velregulert arbeidsliv som det norske med utgangspunkt i en casestudie av Uber Black i Oslo. Uber måtte tilpasse seg den norske drosjemarkedsreguleringen, men utfordrer vesentlige aspekter ved arbeidslivsmodellen. Jeg finner at Uber rekrutterer arbeidskraft fra en allerede marginalisert del av arbeidsstyrken og at sjåførene opplever mye usikkerhet og, på tross av stor formell fleksibilitet, ytre kontroll.

• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli; Saari, Tiina & Saloniemi, Antti (2020). Uber’s trajectories in the Nordic countries. I Jesnes, Kristin & Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (Red.), Platform work in the Nordic models: Issues, cases and responses. Nordisk Ministerråd. ISSN 978-92-893-6608-3. s. 25–46. doi: 10.6027/temanord2020-513. Vis sammendrag

  This report explores how the platform economy is evolving in the Nordic countries and how its evolution is influenced by the Nordic labour market models and vice-versa. Here, we include all the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden), except Iceland, where platform work is still very marginal. While remaining a marginal phenomenon in the Nordic countries, platform work can be seen as one important case in which many key aspects of the changing world of work coalesce. This report on platform work in the Nordic countries thus connects some of the themes explored in the other pillars of the NFoW project, such as digitalization, new forms of employment and the legal and regulatory challenges currently faced by the social partners, governments and Nordic labour market models.

• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2018). Fengslet i kontrollens tidsalder: Deleuzes skisse til kontrollsamfunnet som maktteoretisk utgangspunkt. I Rye, Johan Fredrik & Lundeberg, Ingrid Rindal (Red.), Fengslende sosiologi, Makt, straff og identitet i Trondheims fengsler. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 978820258490-0. s. 239–262. doi: 10.23865/noasp.41.ch11.
• Haukland, Vegard & Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2018). Normaliseringsarbeid i narkotikaprogram med domstolskontroll. I Rye, Johan Fredrik & Lundeberg, Ingrid Rindal (Red.), Fengslende sosiologi, Makt, straff og identitet i Trondheims fengsler. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 978820258490-0. s. 191–210. doi: 10.23865/noasp.41.ch9.

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• Jesnes, Kristin & Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2020). Platform work in the Nordic models: Issues, cases and responses. Nordisk Ministerråd. ISBN 978-92-893-6608-3. 106 s. Vis sammendrag

  This report explores how the platform economy is evolving in the Nordic countries and how its evolution is influenced by the Nordic labour market models and vice-versa. Here, we include all the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden), except Iceland, where platform work is still very marginal. While remaining a marginal phenomenon in the Nordic countries, platform work can be seen as one important case in which many key aspects of the changing world of work coalesce. This report on platform work in the Nordic countries thus connects some of the themes explored in the other pillars of the NFoW project, such as digitalization, new forms of employment and the legal and regulatory challenges currently faced by the social partners, governments and Nordic labour market models.

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• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2022). A Recent History of the Norwegian Taxi Industry: Platformization and Exploitation in the So-Called Norwegian Labor Market Model.
• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2022). Platform-based control in the Norwegian taxi industry. An empirical investigation. Trajectories of Platform Capitalism and Platform Work.
• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2022). Tatt av teams. Eilerts salong.
• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2022). Hvordan gikk det med «økt bruk av delingsøkonomi i persontransporten»?
• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2022). Stor lekkasje: Uber utnyttet vold mot egne sjåfører. [Avis]. NRK.
• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2022). Getting onto the road: How and why taxi platform drivers in Oslo started to drive.
• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2022). Getting onto the road: how and why platform-based passenger transportation drivers in Oslo started to drive.
• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2022). Uber-sjefen: Så mye tjener norske sjåfører. [Avis]. E24.
• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2022). Platform work in Norway.
• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2022). 10-12 timer, seks dager i uka. [Fagblad]. Taxi.
• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2022). Målrettede kutt er vanskeligere enn flate. [Fagblad]. Stat & styring.
• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2022). The promise and peril of the digital economy. Africa Is A Country (Blog).
• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2022). Kan vi egentlig snakke om en «norsk arbeidslivsmodell»? sosiologen.no.
• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2021). Platform work in the Nordic countries.
• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2021). Partssamarbeid og digital omstilling, LO Stats student- og ungdomskonferanse 27.10.21.
• Dagens Næringsliv, . & Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2021). Regjeringen forkaster frislippet i taxinæringen: – Vi fryktet et gufs fra fortiden. [Avis]. Dagens Næringsliv.
• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2021). Billigere taxier etter Uber og løyvefrislipp: – Det er tøft med 10–12 timers arbeidsdager, seks-syv dager i uken. [Internett]. Dagens Næringsliv.
• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2021). Formal and real subsumption of platform-mediated gig work: a dual mode of domination. Webinar on Algorithmic Management. DIGIWORK 9.9.2021.
• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2021). Advarer mot å ta u-sving. [Avis]. Klassekampen.
• Nyhetskanalen, TV2 & Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2021). Wolt får hard kritikk av en av sine egne syklister. [TV]. TV2 Nyhetskanalen.
• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2021). A comparative analysis of the emergence and development of platform-mediated gig work in the Nordic countries.
• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2021). Den teknosentriske feilslutningen. Aaron Benanavs kritikk av automatiseringsdiskursen . Agora. ISSN 0800-7136. 38(1-2), s. 440–453.
• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2021). Book Review: Smith, Jason E. 2020. Smart Machines and Service Work. Automation in an Age of Stagnation. London: Reaktion Books. Journal of Extreme Anthropology. ISSN 2535-3241. 5(1). doi: 10.5617/jea.8787.
• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2021). Formal and real subsumption of platform-mediated gig work: a dual mode of domination.
• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2021). Dømt til å ansette sjåfører. [Avis]. Klassekampen.
• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2020). Norwegian Taxi Industry Through 2020. Journal of Extreme Anthropology. ISSN 2535-3241. 4(2), s. E55–E62. doi: 10.5617/jea.8448.
• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2020). Partssamarbeid og digital omstilling, LO IKT-konferansen 2020.
• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2020). Uber, Bolt og Lyft vil trolig forsøke å etablere seg i Norge i løpet av vinteren, skriver Fafo-forsker. Frifagbevegelse LO Media. ISSN 0046-5089.
• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2020). Da Uber kom til Norge. LO-aktuelt : organ for Landsorganisasjonen i Norge. ISSN 0801-2482. 115(10), s. 54–55.
• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2020). Gig- og plattformøkonomien i den norske arbeidslivemodellen – forutsetninger og konsekvenser. En case studie av Uber Black i Oslo, presentasjon på lanseringsseminar for Søkelys på arbeidslivet, temanummer om arbeidslivets randsoner.
• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2020). Partssamarbeid og digital omstilling.
• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2020). Om framveksten av den nye populismen, eller: hvor kom Trump fra? Omtale av Marco Revelli, «The New Populism. Democracy Stares into the Abyss». Agora. ISSN 0800-7136. 37(1-2), s. 332–340.
• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2020). Plattformarbeid i de nordiske modellene -- før og etter korona.
• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2020). Hva er gig- og plattformøkonomien? . Ramazzini: norsk tidsskrift for arbeids- og miljømedisin. ISSN 0805-5238. 27(1), s. 7–9.
• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli & Valestrand, Erik Thule (2020). Den doble krisa for gig-arbeidere. Manifest tidsskrift.
• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2020). Hva med en digital grunnrenteskatt? Klassekampen. ISSN 0805-3839. s. 23–23.
• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2020). ABE-reformen. Avbyråkratisering og effektivisering gjennom budsjettkutt, frokostmøte NTL Ung.
• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2020). Litt om det teoretiske utgangspunktet for å analysere digitalisering av arbeidsprosesser, Vinterseminaret 2020.
• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2019). Uber i Norge: Kapital, teknologi og arbeid. attac.no.
• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2019). Plattformens logikk. Socius. ISSN 0809-5574.
• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli & Jesnes, Kristin (2019). The platform economy in the Nordic countries -- A distinctive approach?
• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2019). Regulating flexibility: Uber Black in Oslo and the platform as a technological workarrangement .
• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2019). Å tenke annerledes med Deleuze (og Guattari). sosiologen.no.
• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2019). Når hjemmet skal selges. KOTE. ISSN 1893-8132. s. 18–21.
• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2019). Californisk Uber-løsning? Klassekampen. ISSN 0805-3839.
• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2019). Christoffer Conrad Eriksen (red.): Den Unge Marx. Rett, samfunn og vitenskapsteori. Norsk sosiologisk tidsskrift. ISSN 2535-2512. 3(5), s. 372–374. doi: 10.18261/issn.2535-2512-2019-05-05.
• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2019). Nyliberalismens autopoiesis. Agora. ISSN 0800-7136. s. 317–327.
• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2018). Labor in the platform economy. The case of Uber Black in Oslo.
• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2020). Platform work: A marginal phenomenon raising central issues for the Norwegian labour market model. Peer Country Comments Paper - Norway. Mutual Learning Programme DG Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion. European Commission.
• Aarhaug, Jørgen; Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli; Gundersen, Frants Henrik; Hartveit, Knut Johannes Liland; Skollerud, Kåre H. & Dapi, Bjorn (2020). Drosjer i Norge fram mot 2020, TØI rapport 1802/2020/Fafo-rapport 2020:24. TØI/Fafo. ISSN 978-82-324-0572-5.
• Hagen, Inger Marie & Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2020). Partssamarbeid og digital omstilling, Fafo-rapport 2020:07. Fafo. Vis sammendrag

  I denne rapporten undersøker vi hvilke utfordringer partssamarbeidet møter i digitaliseringsprosesser. Vi er opptatt av både de utfordringene som følger av endringsprosessene, og utfordringer knyttet til digitaliseringens konsekvenser. Rapporten begynner med «det store bildet» og en overordnet beskrivelse av digitalisering som en teknologisk endringsprosess som påvirker både arbeidsprosesser og måten arbeid organiseres på, samt konkurranseforholdet mellom virksomheter. Et vesentlig poeng er imidlertid at konsekvensene av teknologisk endring verken er nøytrale eller bestemt på forhånd, men både et produkt av de sosiale og økonomiske betingelsene og relasjonene teknologien blir til under, og konteksten den implementeres i. Mens den norske arbeidslivsmodellen – med lokalt partssamarbeid, koordinert lønnsdannelse og universelle velferdsordninger – på den ene siden legger til rette for å kunne håndtere teknologiske endringer, og historisk sett har klart dette godt, representerer digitaliseringen vi i dag står overfor, på den andre siden en stor utfordring for denne måten å organisere arbeidslivet på, både idet en rekke jobber kan komme til å forsvinne eller flyttes til andre deler av verden, og idet digitaliseringen utfordrer partssamarbeidet lokalt i virksomhetene.

• Bråten, Mona & Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2020). Mellom menneske og maskin. Arbeidsintensitet og arbeidspress blant radiografer, Fafo-rapport 2020: 06. Fafo.
• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli; Seip, Åsmund Arup & Svalund, Jørgen (2019). ABE-reformen i staten. Avbyråkratisering og effektivisering gjennom budsjettkutt, Fafo-rapport 2019:36. Fafo.
• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli & Jesnes, Kristin (2019). Uber in the Nordic countries: Challenges and adjustments, Nordic future of work Brief 1 . Fafo.
• Andersen, Rolf Kristian; Bråten, Mona & Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2019). Bemanningsstrategier i små og mellomstore industribedrifter i Hordaland, Fafo-rapport 2019: 25. Fafo.
• Oppegaard, Sigurd M. Nordli (2018). The Strains of Luxury. Labor in the Platform Economy. The Case of Uber Black in Oslo. Institutt for sosiologi og samfunnsgeografi. Vis sammendrag

  The so-called sharing economy is often framed as an adept system for taking advantage of underutilized assets and, through digital technology, establishing a community of strangers trusting, interacting and exchanging with each other. In this thesis, I explore one of the companies often associated with the sharing economy, Uber, investigating the work arrangements and working conditions of the people selling their labor power through the platform. Despite having to “pause” Uber Pop in late October 2017, Uber was able to continue to provide passengers transportation through Uber Black, Uber XXL and Uber Lux in Oslo. Based on observation of and interviews with 20 Uber Black drivers as well as an analysis of selected documents, I explore the following research questions: 1) How did Uber adjust its business model to the regulations of the Norwegian transportations sector? 2) How is the Uber Black drivers’ labor organized? 3) How can the case of Uber Black in Oslo be understood as illustrating tendencies and tensions in the process of implementing information and communications technology (ICT) in the economy and work arrangements? My analysis is theoretically informed by Carlota Perez and the local research frontier on the platform economy, as well as a dialogue with Karl Polanyi and Gilles Deleuze. Uber legalized its Norway operations by using limousine companies as intermediaries. These limousine companies own cars licensed for serving the luxury segment of the Norwegian passenger transportation sector and hire the drivers. Of the 20 drivers I have met, all have been male and all but two immigrants or the children of immigrants, most of whom having struggled to find stable and decent employment before becoming Uber drivers. The drivers usually get access to a car 12 hours six days per week, within which they themselves determine how much they want to work. Most drivers are paid on commission, but some receive a fixed hourly wage. Because of the general lack of customers in the Uber Black market in Oslo, this work arrangement is translated into long shifts and relatively low wages for the commission-paid drivers. Furthermore, I investigate how Uber employs the platform model to coordinate its market. By endowing the drivers with the freedom to choose their own hours, Uber simultaneously has to initiate measures for making the drivers supply their labor when and where they are needed. This problem is solved through the algorithmic management immanent in the platform model, comprising of three techniques: algorithmic task assignment, dynamic pricing and bilateral ratings. The work arrangement of Uber Black in Oslo transfers the risk of demand-side shock to the workers and creates unpredictable and opaque working conditions. I argue that Uber’s platform is not a mere technology and a neutral marketplace, but should rather be conceived as a privately owned market regulation – parallel to and competing with government regulations – and a form of control continuously adapting to fluctuation in the market, as well as an organizational principle embodying the logic of the age of information and communications technology.

• Anna, Bil-Jaruzelska; Oppegaard, Sigurd Martin Nordli; Berntsen, Øyvind Isachsen; Flatås, Marius Dreyer; Rindal, Eivind & Sarpong, Sarah Pokua [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Forms of Discrimination of LGBT People in Ghana, Uganda, Russia and Norway. A report by ISFiT Research Group 1/2017. ISFiT 2017. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Caspersen, Joakim; Bugge, Hanna & Oppegaard, Sigurd (2017). Humanister i lærerutdanningene Valg og bruk av pensum, kompetanse og rekruttering, faglig identitet og tilknytning. Høgskolen i Oslo og Akershus, Senter for profesjonsstudier. ISSN 978-82-8364-042-7. 2017(2).

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