Torbjørn Gundersen

• Gundersen, Torbjørn (2020). Value-Free yet Policy-Relevant? The Normative Views of Climate Scientists and Their Bearing on Philosophy. Perspectives on Science.  ISSN 1063-6145.  28(1), s 89- 118 . doi: 10.1162/posc_a_00334 Full text in Research Archive.
• Bærøe, Kristine & Gundersen, Torbjørn (2019). Social impact under severe uncertainty: The role of neuroethicists at the intersection of neuroscience, AI, ethics, and policy-making. AJOB Neuroscience.  ISSN 2150-7740.  10(3), s 117- 119 . doi: 10.1080/21507740.2019.1632965
• Gundersen, Torbjørn (2018). Scientists as experts: A distinct role?. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A.  ISSN 0039-3681.  69, s 52- 59 . doi: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2018.02.006 Full text in Research Archive. Show summary

  The role of scientists as experts is crucial to public policymaking. However, the expert role is contested and unsettled in both public and scholarly discourse. In this paper, I provide a systematic account of the role of scientists as experts in policymaking by examining whether there are any normatively relevant differences between this role and the role of scientists as researchers. Two different interpretations can be given of how the two roles relate to each other. The separability view states that there is a normatively relevant difference between the two roles, whereas the inseparability view denies that there is such a difference. Based on a systematic analysis of the central aspects of the role of scientists as experts – that is, its aim, context, mode of output, and standards, I propose a moderate version of the separability view. Whereas the aim of scientific research is typically to produce new knowledge through the use of scientific method for evaluation and dissemination in internal settings, the aim of the expert is to provide policymakers and the public with relevant and applicable knowledge that can premise political reasoning and deliberation.

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• Bærøe, Kristine & Gundersen, Torbjørn (2020). Regjeringens strategi for kunstig intelligens svikter på vesentlige punkter.. Aftenposten (morgenutg. : trykt utg.).  ISSN 0804-3116.
• Gundersen, Torbjørn (2020). The future of medical AI: the role of medical doctors.
• Gundersen, Torbjørn & Smeby, Jens-Christian (2020). profesjon. Store Norske Leksikon (Nettutgaven).
• Holst, Cathrine & Gundersen, Torbjørn (2020). Trustworthy science advice mechanisms.
• Gundersen, Torbjørn (2019). The proper role of moral and political values in expert reasoning: towards a pragmatic view.
• Jenssen, Dag & Gundersen, Torbjørn (2019, 01. juni). Stor sjanse for at verdiene blir med på lasset. Intervju med Torbjørn Gundersen. [Fagblad].  Dyade.
• Frøjd, Elise Koppang & Gundersen, Torbjørn (2018, 11. oktober). Bør klimaeksperter flagge egne meninger?. [Internett].  Forskning.no.
• Gundersen, Torbjørn (2018, 11. oktober). Bør klimaeksperter flagge egne meninger?. [Internett].  forskning.no.
• Gundersen, Torbjørn (2018, 23. oktober). Ekspertens verdier – bør de få plass?. [Internett].  Oslomet.no.
• Gundersen, Torbjørn (2018). How Climate Scientists View the Expert Role: Value-freedom, Responsibility, and Relevance. ARENA Working Papers. 2. Show summary

  How scientific experts should relate to non-epistemic values is a key issue in current philosophy of science. This paper seeks to widen the philosophical debate by exploring how scientists themselves understand their role as experts and that role’s relation to values. I present findings from interviews with climate scientists who have participated as authors in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). A main finding is that the climate scientists subscribe to the value-free ideal in their role as experts. Yet their views on the moral responsibility of scientists and the aim of providing policy-relevant output challenge the value-free ideal. The paper suggests ways in which their normative views and lines of reasoning can illustrate, expand, and revise the philosophical discussion on the question of non-epistemic values in science.

• Gundersen, Torbjørn (2018). Hva er profesjonsetikk? Rådets funksjon og rolle.
• Gundersen, Torbjørn (2018). Kan eksperter være verdifrie? Verdifrihetsidealet og den empiriske innvendingen. Norsk sosiologisk tidsskrift.  ISSN 2535-2512.  2(5), s 421- 428 . doi: 10.18261
• Gundersen, Torbjørn (2018). Kunnskapsbasert politikkutforming – en samtale med Cass Sunstein. Nytt Norsk Tidsskrift.  ISSN 0800-336X.  35, s 301- 305 . doi: 10.18261
• Gundersen, Torbjørn (2018). Values and the role of scientists in policymaking.
• Mausethagen, Sølvi; Gundersen, Torbjørn; Larsen, Lars Erik & Osland, Oddgeir (2018). Evaluering av lærerprofesjonens etiske råd.
• Osland, Oddgeir; Mausethagen, Sølvi; Gundersen, Torbjørn & Larsen, Lars Erik (2018). Lærernes etiske råd bør videreføres – dette bør gjøres bedre. Utdanning.no.
• Gundersen, Torbjørn (2017). How Climate Scientists View the Expert Role: The Value-Free Ideal, Moral Responsibility, and Relevance.
• Gundersen, Torbjørn (2016). Forskeres rolle som eksperter.
• Gundersen, Torbjørn (2016). Scientists as experts in policymaking – a separable role?.
• Gundersen, Torbjørn (2015). Klimaeksperters selvforståelse.
• Tellmann, Silje Maria & Gundersen, Torbjørn (2015). Om ekspertrollen i offentlige utvalg.
• Tellmann, Silje Maria & Gundersen, Torbjørn (2015). Skjulte strateger eller overbeviste fagpersoner? Replikk til Martiniussen.. Nytt Norsk Tidsskrift.  ISSN 0800-336X.  (1), s 96- 97
• Tellmann, Silje Maria & Gundersen, Torbjørn (2014). Klima - ekspertenes ansvar?. Nytt Norsk Tidsskrift.  ISSN 0800-336X.  (02), s 189- 195
• Osland, Oddgeir & Gundersen, Torbjørn (2013). Dannelse i praksis - om forholdet mellom akademisk dannelse og profesjonsdannelse.

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