Terje Wessel

• Wessel, Terje (2022). Urbanisering: mønstre, mekanismer og årsaker. In Frønes, Ivar & Kjølsrød, Lise (Ed.), Det norske samfunn - bind 1. Gyldendal Norsk Forlag A/S. ISSN 9788205563414. p. 118–141.
• Wessel, Terje (2022). Business Services, Income Inequality, and Income Segregation in Metropolitan Areas: Direct and Indirect Links. Economic Geography. ISSN 0013-0095. doi: 10.1080/00130095.2022.2074831.
• Hjorteset, Mari Andrine; Böcker, Lars; Røe, Per Gunnar & Wessel, Terje (2021). Intraurban geographies of car sharing supply and demand in Greater Oslo, Norway. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. ISSN 1361-9209. 101, p. 1–13. doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2021.103089. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This paper examines urban patterns of car sharing supply and demand at neighbourhood level. By using literature on spatial inequality and unequal mobility access, we provide new insights into the urban geographies of car sharing. We draw on register data of members and vehicles of station-based car sharing for Oslo, Norway, spatially coupled with population composition, urban form and public transport accessibility ratios. We find both the demand and supply of station-based car sharing to be unevenly distributed. Some of the most profound contributors to car sharing demand include middle income levels, middle and higher levels of education, higher shares of the population working in cultural sectors, higher shares of men, higher shares of multifamily housing, and higher strengths of the public transport regime compared to that of the private car. The paper discusses the implications of these findings for sustainable urban mobility, mobility justice and urban and transport planning.

• Wessel, Terje & Magnusson Turner, Lena (2020). The migration pathway to economic mobility: Does gender matter? Population, Space and Place. ISSN 1544-8444. doi: 10.1002/psp.2419. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Inter-regional migration is conventionally seen as an important path to economic mobility. We investigate this proposition for Norway, focusing on earnings rank in the 1974 birth cohort. Our data include migrations and educational achievements between 1990 and 2009, with added information for parental background from 1988 to 1992. We measure annual earnings between 1990 and 2014, with measures that capture static effects, dynamic effects and long-term outcomes. Using a structural equation model and fixed-effects regression, we show that upward spatial migration across three geographical levels has different impacts for men and women. The benefit compared with peers who stay at lower levels, or peers who move in the opposite direction, is larger for women. This difference is due to migration before finished education and is linked to employment opportunities in origin locations. Female migrants obtain higher upward economic mobility through increased work hours and shift of industrial sector; that is, women do not obtain higher wage for the same type of work. Much of the difference materialises immediately after relocation (‘static effect’); it also depends on destination: Oslo is relatively favourable to women, possibly because this region has a quintessential post-industrial structure and a welldeveloped transport system.

• Wessel, Terje & Lunke, Erik Bjørnson (2019). Raising children in the inner city: still a mismatch between housing and households? Housing Studies. ISSN 0267-3037. 36(1), p. 131–151. doi: 10.1080/02673037.2019.1686128. Full text in Research Archive
• Magnusson Turner, Lena & Wessel, Terje (2019). Housing market filtering in the Oslo region:pro-market housing policies in a Nordic welfare state context. International journal of housing policy. ISSN 1949-1247. p. 1–26. doi: 10.1080/19491247.2018.1540740. Full text in Research Archive
• Galster, George & Wessel, Terje (2019). Reproduction of social inequality through housing: a three-generational study from Norway. Social Science Research. ISSN 0049-089X. 78, p. 119–136. doi: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2018.12.016. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The means through which socioeconomic status is transmitted across generations has long been of central interest to scholarship on inequality. We explore multi-generational reproduction of socioeconomic status through transmission of housing wealth by investigating how the tenure, size and location of housing occupied by grandparents relates to the tenure and value of housing occupied bytheir grandchildren. Weestimate OLS, tobit andstructural equation models basedon Norwegian register data on three generations of families linked from 1960 to 2015. We find that those whose grandparents owned a large home in Oslo in 1960 had a much higher probability of owning a home in 2014, and among owners their dwellings were valued substantially more, comparedto otherwise similarindividuals whose grandparents were rentersnot living in cities.A natural experiment of housing price deregulation in Oslo indicates that resource transfers, not socialization of housing-related norms, was the dominant mechanism behind this process. Influences on parents' and grandchildren's income and education are substantial mediators. Results document the crucial role played by housing wealth in perpetuating social inequalities across several generations.

• Wessel, Terje & Nordvik, Viggo (2018). Mixed neighbourhoods and native out-mobility in the Oslo region: the importance of parenthood. Urban Studies. ISSN 0042-0980. doi: 10.1177/0042098018768452. Full text in Research Archive
• Wessel, Terje; Magnusson Turner, Lena & Nordvik, Viggo (2018). Population dynamics and ethnic geographies in Oslo: the impact of migration and natural demographic change on ethnic composition and segregation. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment. ISSN 1566-4910. 33(4), p. 789–805. doi: 10.1007/s10901-017-9589-7. Full text in Research Archive
• Brattbakk, Ingar & Wessel, Terje (2017). Nabolagets effekt: hva er problematisk med geografisk ulikhet? In Ljunggren, Jørn (Eds.), Oslo - ulikhetenes by. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 9788202521615. p. 339–358. Show summary

  Oslo er en unik by i norsk sammenheng. Ikke bare er Oslo hovedstad, politisk maktsentrum og det nærmeste Norge kommer en internasjonal storby: Oslo er også ulikhetenes by. Ingen andre steder i Norge er det tydeligere at sosiale skiller følger geografiske skillelinjer. Det er også stor offentlig interesse for temaet. Jevnlig dukker det opp debatter om byen er «delt» eller ikke og om hva slags sosiale ulikheter som kommer i kjølvannet av omfattende nasjonal og internasjonal innvandring. Hittil har det likevel ikke kommet noen samlet forskningsinnsats om temaet. Oslo - ulikhetenes by tilbyr nettopp dette. Med bidrag fra noen av de fremste ekspertene på temaet, fra disipliner som sosiologi, samfunnsgeografi, statsvitenskap, historie, pedagogikk, samfunnsøkonomi, sosialantropologi og arkitektur, analyseres Oslos sosiale ulikheter fra flere vinkler. I et tilgjengelig språk, uten å gå på akkord med vitenskapelige idealer, berøres sosiale ulikhet knyttet til blant annet: Oslos historie bostedssegregasjon, boligmarked og flytting stemmegivning formue Oslo-skolen helse migrasjon rus russetid arkitektur gentrifisering nabolagseffekter livssjanser

• Wessel, Terje (2017). Det todelte Oslo - etniske minoriteter I øst og vest. In Ljunggren, Jørn (Eds.), Oslo - ulikhetenes by. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 9788202521615. p. 81–104. Show summary

  Oslo er en unik by i norsk sammenheng. Ikke bare er Oslo hovedstad, politisk maktsentrum og det nærmeste Norge kommer en internasjonal storby: Oslo er også ulikhetenes by. Ingen andre steder i Norge er det tydeligere at sosiale skiller følger geografiske skillelinjer. Det er også stor offentlig interesse for temaet. Jevnlig dukker det opp debatter om byen er «delt» eller ikke og om hva slags sosiale ulikheter som kommer i kjølvannet av omfattende nasjonal og internasjonal innvandring. Hittil har det likevel ikke kommet noen samlet forskningsinnsats om temaet. Oslo - ulikhetenes by tilbyr nettopp dette. Med bidrag fra noen av de fremste ekspertene på temaet, fra disipliner som sosiologi, samfunnsgeografi, statsvitenskap, historie, pedagogikk, samfunnsøkonomi, sosialantropologi og arkitektur, analyseres Oslos sosiale ulikheter fra flere vinkler. I et tilgjengelig språk, uten å gå på akkord med vitenskapelige idealer, berøres sosiale ulikhet knyttet til blant annet: Oslos historie bostedssegregasjon, boligmarked og flytting stemmegivning formue Oslo-skolen helse migrasjon rus russetid arkitektur gentrifisering nabolagseffekter livssjanser

• Wessel, Terje; Andersson, Roger; Kauppinen, Timo & Skifter Andersen, Hans (2017). Spatial Integration of Immigrants in Nordic Cities: The Relevance of Spatial Assimilation Theory in a Welfare State Context. Urban Affairs Review. ISSN 1078-0874. 53(5), p. 812–842. doi: 10.1177/1078087416638448.
• Wessel, Terje & Barstad, Anders (2016). Urbanisering og urbanisme. In Frønes, Ivar & Kjølsrød, Lise (Ed.), Det norske samfunn, bind 1.. Gyldendal Akademisk. ISSN 9788205490208. p. 61–86.
• Andersen, Hans Skifter; Andersson, Roger; Wessel, Terje & Vilkama, Katja (2015). The impact of housing policies and housing markets on ethnic spatial segregation: comparing the capital cities of four Nordic welfare states. International journal of housing policy. ISSN 1949-1247. doi: 10.1080/14616718.2015.1110375.
• Wessel, Terje (2015). Economic segregation in Oslo: polarisation as a contingent outcome. In Tammaru, Tiit; Musterd, Sako; van Ham, Maarten & Marcinczak, Szymon (Ed.), Socio-Economic Segregation in European Capital Cities: East Meets West. Routledge. ISSN 9781138794931. p. 132–155. doi: 10.1080/713707228.
• Brattbakk, Ingar & Wessel, Terje (2013). Long-term Neighbourhood Effects on Education, Income and Employment among Adolescents in Oslo. Urban Studies. ISSN 0042-0980. 50(2), p. 391–406. doi: 10.1177/0042098012448548.
• Wessel, Terje (2013). Economic Change and Rising Income Inequality in the Oslo Region: The Importance of Knowledge-Intensive Business Services. Regional studies. ISSN 0034-3404. 47(7), p. 1082–1094. doi: 10.1080/00343404.2011.600301.
• Turner, Lena Magnusson & Wessel, Terje (2013). Upwards, Outwards and Westwards: Relocation of Ethnic Minority Groups in the Oslo Region. Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography. ISSN 0435-3684. 95(1), p. 1–16. doi: 10.1111/geob.12006.
• Wessel, Terje (2011). Samfunnsgeografi. In Balsvik, Eivind & Solli, Susanna Maria (Ed.), Introduksjon til samfunnsvitenskapene; Bind 1. Universitetsforlaget. ISSN 978-82-15-01842-3. p. 178–193.
• Wessel, Terje (2011). Living at the edge? Connecting work insecurity and housing risk among service workers in Oslo. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift. ISSN 0029-1951. 65(1), p. 18–27. doi: 10.1080/00291951.2010.549952.
• Wessel, Terje & Søholt, Susanne (2010). Conclusions, Immigration, housing and segregation in the Nordic welfare states. Department of geosciences and geography, University of Helsinki, Finland. ISSN 978-952-10-6769-3. p. 186–194.
• Wessel, Terje (2010). Migration flows and settlement patterns, Immigration, housing and segregation in the Nordic welfare states. Department of geosciences and geography, University of Helsinki, Finland. ISSN 978-952-10-6769-3. p. 176–186.
• Wessel, Terje (2010). Immigration to Norway, Immigration, housing and segregation in the Nordic welfare states. Department of geosciences and geography, University of Helsinki, Finland. ISSN 978-952-10-6769-3. p. 150–162.
• Wessel, Terje & Søholt, Susanne (2010). Housing policy and housing market in Norway, Immigration, housing and segregation in the Nordic welfare states. Department of geosciences and geography, University of Helsinki, Finland. ISSN 978-952-10-6769-3. p. 135–149.
• Wessel, Terje (2010). Welfare in Norway, Immigration, housing and segregation in the Nordic welfare states. Department of geosciences and geography, University of Helsinki, Finland. ISSN 978-952-10-6769-3. p. 127–134.
• Søholt, Susanne & Wessel, Terje (2010). Housing policy and housing market in Norway, Immigration, housing and segregation in the Nordic welfare states. Department of geosciences and geography, University of Helsinki, Finland. ISSN 978-952-10-6769-3. p. 135–149.
• Wessel, Terje (2009). Does diversity in urban space enhance intergroup contact and tolerance? Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography. ISSN 0435-3684. 91B(1), p. 5–17. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-0467.2009.00303.x.
• Wessel, Terje (2006). Los Angeles-modellen - en postmoderne byutviklingsmodell. In Ugelvik Larsen, Stein (Eds.), Teori og metode i geografi. Fagbokforlaget. ISSN 978-82-7674-878-9. p. 94–112.
• Wessel, Terje (2006). Innteksulikhet i Osloregionen - langs gamle spor i den nye økonomien. Tidsskrift for samfunnsforskning. ISSN 0040-716X. 47(1), p. 3–32.
• Wessel, Terje (2005). Industrial shift, skill mismatch and income inequality: A decomposition analysis of changing distributions in the Oslo region. Urban Studies. ISSN 0042-0980. 42(9), p. 1549–1568.
• Wessel, Terje (2002). Understanding Changes in Urban Income Inequality and Social Divisions: Theories and Evidence in Contemporary Western Cities. In Davies, Wayne K.D. & Townshend, Ivan J. (Ed.), Monitoring Cities: International Perspectives. International Geographical Union. ISSN 0-88953-259-1.
• Wessel, Terje (2002). Fra leie til eie - konvertering av leiegårder i norske storbyer (From renting to owning - conversion of rental property in major Norwegian cities). Tidsskrift for samfunnsforskning. ISSN 0040-716X. 43(3), p. 299–331.
• Wessel, Terje (2001). Losing control? Inequality and social divisions in Oslo. European Planning Studies. ISSN 0965-4313. 9(7), p. 889–906.
• Wessel, Terje (2000). Social polarisation and Socioeconomic Segregation in a Welfare State: The Case of Oslo. Urban Studies. ISSN 0042-0980. 30(11), p. 1947–1967. Show summary

  This paper looks at the competing theses of polarising convergence and policy-related divergence in the study of socio-economic segregation. Using data from Oslo, Norway, it is shown that the level of segregation has remained fairly stable, or even declined, in spite of increasing income inequality. This spatial stabilisation is causally related to a more flexible design in city planning and policy. It is, however, not a development in accordance with the welfare state approach proposed by Chris Hamnett and some other scholars. Rather, we observe a 'perverse' effect where social democracy has been helped by opposition policies. In consequence, the paper suggests to utilise models of action and to identify 'closed' and 'open' processes of change

• Wessel, Terje (1998). Housing and welfare in Norway. Compensation or double deprivation? Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift. ISSN 0029-1951. p. 209–219. Show summary

  This article evaluates distributive achievements in the housing sector of Norway. It argues that occupation, education and wage all have weak influence on the distribution of poor housing. Specifically three occupational groups, unskilled workers, skilled workers and clerical officers at the lowest level, enjoy a compensating pattern of housing consumption. On the other hand, there are clear signs of new inequalities related to type of household and immigration background. There are also conspicuous socio-economic inequalities in the major cities. On this ground, a comprehensive housing policy still has legitimate tasks to solve.

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• Andersson, Roger; Dhalmann, Hanna; Holmqvist, Emma; Kauppinen, Timo; Magnusson Turner, Lena & Skifter Andersen, Hans [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2010). Immigration, housing and segregation in the Nordic welfare states. Department of geosciences and geography, University of Helsinki, Finland. ISBN 978-952-10-6769-3. 286 p.

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• Magnusson Turner, Lena & Wessel, Terje (2022). Hvor flytter Oslo-folk? Vi har sjekket. Aftenposten.
• Wessel, Terje & Magnusson Turner, Lena (2022). Intergenerational mobility across labour-market regions in Norway .
• Wessel, Terje & Magnusson Turner, Lena (2021). Det lønner seg for kvinner å flytte fra bygda. Forskning.no. ISSN 1891-635X.
• Wessel, Terje (2019). Overføring av boligformue mellom besteforeldre og barnebarn.
• Wessel, Terje & Magnusson Turner, Lena (2019). Utfordringer i boligmarkedet: erfaringer fra SOL-prosjektet.
• Wessel, Terje (2019). Står vi vet et veiskille? [Internet]. Obos' podcast: episode 7 .
• Wessel, Terje (2019). Boligpodden 32. . [Internet]. Boligpodden, NBBL.
• Wessel, Terje (2019). Reproduksjon av boligstatus i Norge - et femtiårsperspektiv.
• Wessel, Terje (2019). Hvem er vinnerne og taperne i boligmarkedet?
• Magnusson Turner, Lena & Wessel, Terje (2019). Utfordringer i boligmarkedet, med hovedvekt på situasjonen i Oslo.
• Wessel, Terje (2017). Unequal chances: intergenerational transmission of housing capital in the Oslo area.
• Turner, Lena Magnusson & Wessel, Terje (2017). Housing market filtering in a welfare state context: vacancy chains and social structure in the Oslo region.
• Turner, Lena Magnusson & Wessel, Terje (2017). Access to housing; who gets what and where? Vacancy chains in the Oslo housing market .
• Wessel, Terje (2017). Segregasjon som utfordring i byutviklingen i Oslo.
• Wessel, Terje (2017). Urbanisering. In Jordhus-Lier, David Christoffer & Stokke, Kristian (Ed.), Samfunnsgeografi: En innføring. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 9788202547752. p. 205–216.
• Wessel, Terje (2015). Segregeringen øker I Oslo. [Newspaper]. Dagsavisen.
• Wessel, Terje (2015). Rike og fattige flytter fra hverandre I Oslo. [Internet]. forskning.no. Show summary

  Hovedstaden vår blir en mer delt by. Og det er de nest rikeste som nå klumper seg sammen.

• Wessel, Terje (2013). Hvilken betydning har nabolaget for barns utvikling og livssjanser? Oppvekstrapporten 2013. Barne-ungdoms, og familiedirektoratet. ISSN 978-82-8286-200-4. p. 247–254.
• Wessel, Terje (2010). Eierleiligheter - et blikk fra nabolandet. IBF Nyhetsbrev. p. 4–4.
• Wessel, Terje (2002). Segregasjon på boligmarkedet - et alvorlig storbyproblem?
• Wessel, Terje (2002). Segregation - European Trends.
• Wessel, Terje (2002). Levekår, sosiale og flerkulturelle utfordringer.
• Wessel, Terje (2002). Nye tider ¿ nytt byliv ¿ nye sosiale utfordringer.
• Wessel, Terje (2002). Inequality and social polarisation - explanatory framworks.
• Wessel, Terje (2000). Trenger vi en ny boligpolitikk i storbyene?
• Wessel, Terje (2000). Segregasjon og bomiljø.
• Wessel, Terje (2000). Boligpolitikk for storbyene.
• Wessel, Terje (1999). Forskjellene øker mest i byene. [Radio]. Dagsnytt NRK P1 og P2, Økonominytt NRK P2, NRK "Alltid Nyheter", P4 Nyheter.
• Wessel, Terje (1999). Social polarisation and socio-economic segregation in a welfare state: the case of Oslo. Show summary

  This paper looks at the competing theses of polarising convergence and policy-related divergence in the study of socio-economic segregation. Using data from Oslo, Norway, it is shown that the level of segregation has remained fairly stable, or even declined, in spite of increasing income inequality. This spatial stabilisation is causally related to a more flexible design in city planning and policy. It is, however, not a development in accordance with the welfare state approach proposed by Chris Hamnett and some other scholars. Rather, we observe a 'perverse' effect where social democracy has been helped by opposition policies. In consequence, the paper suggests to utilise models of action and to identify 'closed' and 'open' processes of change.

• Wessel, Terje (1999). Housing and welfare in Norway.
• Wessel, Terje (1999). Levekår i Oslo.
• Wessel, Terje (1999). Politikken og storbyenes geografi.
• Wessel, Terje (1998). Boforhold i storbyene. [Radio]. NRK-Østlandssendingen, Fjernsynet.
• Wessel, Terje & Brattbakk, Ingar (2009). Segregasjon, oppvekst og livssjanser – hva betyr nabolaget? Ingar Brattbakk og Terje Wessel.
• Wessel, Terje (2002). Levekår og ulikheter i Oslo.
• Wessel, Terje (1999). Levekår og ulikheter i norske storbyer. Norges byggforskningsinstitutt. ISSN 82-536-0654-0. Show summary

  Rapporten beskriver og analyserer endringer i levekår og ulikheter i de fire største byene. Dels presenteres særtrekk ved disse byene i forhold til andre deler av landet, dels indre variasjoner i byene. Et av de viktigste funnene er at inntektsforskjellene i storbyene, særlig i Oslo, har økt mye mer enn i resten av landet. Likevel er det ingen regstrerbar økning i levekårsforskjellene mellom by og land. Segregasjonen internt i byene viser også større stabilitet enn inntektsendringene skulle tilsi, noe som forklares med endringer i den fysiske byutvikling. Mange av resultatene er gjengitt i St.melding nr. 50 1998-99 Utjamningsmeldinga. Om fordeling av inntekt og levekår i Norge.

• Wessel, Terje (1998). Bolig og levekår. En analyse av boforholdsundersøkelsen 1995. Norges byggforskningsinstitutt. ISSN 82-536-0618-4.
• Wessel, Terje (1997). Boligsegregasjon. En drøfting av underliggende prosesser. Norges byggforskningsinstitutt. ISSN 82-536-0578-1. Show summary

  Rapporten drøfter sosio-økonomisk og etnisk segregasjon, med særlig vekt på årsaksforhold.

• Wessel, Terje & Bjørneboe, Jens (1997). Byfornyelsestilskudd. Evaluering av tilskudd fra Husbanken for 1994-95. Norges byggforskningsinstitutt. ISSN 82-536-0563-3. Show summary

  Rapporten gir en oversikt over hvordan tilskuddene i byfornyelsen brukes, om tiltakene er fagmessig utført og om man oppnår sentrale målsettinger mht. brukernytte, beboerøkonomi og fornuftig forvaltning.

• Wessel, Terje (1997). Boligpolitikk mot segregasjon. Landrapport for Norge. Nordisk ministerråd. ISSN 92-893-0045-0. Show summary

  Norsk bidrag i en nordisk rapport om segregasjon i storbyene. Søkelyset rettes særlig mot antisegregarende tiltak.

• Wessel, Terje (1997). Forslag til forskning innenfor programmet "Migrasjon og etniske relasjoner". Show summary

  Et forslag til satsningsområder innenfor IMER-programmet for perioden 1998-2001

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