Arne Mastekaasa

• Hermansen, Are Skeie; Borgen, Nicolai Topstad & Mastekaasa, Arne (2020). Long-Term trends in adult socio-economic resemblance between former schoolmates and neighbouring children. European Sociological Review.  ISSN 0266-7215. . doi: 10.1093/esr/jcz066
• Mastekaasa, Arne (2020). Absenteeism in the Public and the Private Sector: Does the Public Sector Attract High Absence Employees?. Journal of public administration research and theory.  ISSN 1053-1858.  30(1), s 60- 76 . doi: 10.1093/jopart/muz003 Full text in Research Archive. Show summary

  Evidence from many countries show that public sector employees have considerably higher rates of absenteeism than have private sector employees. Based on regression analyses of a large probability sample of the Norwegian population, this article shows that most of the sector difference in long-term absence can be accounted for by taking into consideration the socio-demographic characteristics of the workforce and the occupational composition in the two sectors. A clear sector difference in short-term absenteeism cannot be accounted for in this way. A direct effect of the working or employment conditions in the two sectors is also not a likely explanation, since workers who switch between the sectors are not more absent when they are in the public than when they are in the private sector. Thus, the high level of short-term absenteeism in the public sector seems to be due to a selection of absence prone individuals to the sector. Since motivational factors are likely to be relatively more important for short-term than for long-term, these findings indicate that lower work attendance motivation in among public sector employees may be the main driver. These patterns are consistent with an economic explanation in which people with low attendance motivation select to the public sector, since the work attendance incentives are weaker there. The degree to which the results are compatible with the theory Public Service Motivation (PSM) is also discussed.

• Mastekaasa, Arne; Dale-Olsen, Harald; Hellevik, Tale; Løset, Gøril Kvamme & Østbakken, Kjersti Misje (2019). Gender difference in sickness absence: Do managers evaluate men and women differently with regard to the appropriateness of sickness absence?. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health.  ISSN 1403-4948.  s 1- 7 . doi: 10.1177/1403494819890783 Full text in Research Archive. Show summary

  Aims: Women have much higher rates of sickness absence than men, but the causes of the difference are not well understood. This study examines whether managers have more lenient attitudes toward women’s than toward men’s absence, as this might contribute to higher rates of sickness absence among women. Differences between managers and other employees are also assessed. Methods: Vignettes were used to measure attitudes toward the legitimacy of sickness absence. The vignettes consisted of brief case descriptions of individuals considering asking their physicians for sick leave, with information about the medical condition (mainly taken from the descriptions in ICPC-2), occupation and gender. Respondents judged how appropriate sickness absence was in each case. Quota sampling was used, and the effective sample size was 899 managers and 1396 other employees, and each respondent evaluated either four or six vignettes. Generalised ordinal logistic regression was used. Results: The gender of the vignette person had no effect on the managers’ evaluations of the appropriateness of sickness absence. Irrespective of the gender of the vignette person, however, managers were generally more restrictive than non-managers. Conclusions: Different attitudes on the part of managers toward sickness absence in men and women do not seem to contribute to gender differences in sickness absence, but managers are generally more restrictive than are non-managerial employees.

• Borgen, Nicolai T. & Mastekaasa, Arne (2018). Horizontal Stratification of Higher Education: The Relative Importance of Field of Study, Institution, and Department for Candidates’ Wages. Social Forces.  ISSN 0037-7732.  97(2), s 531- 558 . doi: 10.1093/sf/soy075 Full text in Research Archive.
• Hardoy, Ines; Mastekaasa, Arne & Schøne, Pål (2018). Immigrant concentration and student outcomes in upper secondary schools: Norwegian evidence. European Societies.  ISSN 1461-6696.  20(2), s 301- 321 . doi: 10.1080/14616696.2017.1402120 Full text in Research Archive. Show summary

  We analyse the effects of immigrant concentration on two measures of native students’ outcomes in upper secondary schools in Norway, completion and exam grades. Administrative data for full cohorts of new students 2002-2008 are employed. To take into account potential selection effects, we rely mainly on models with fixed school and educational programme effects. The analyses present a consistent picture: Immigrant concentration seems to have no effect on either school completion or grades. Sensitivity analyses provide further evidence that these results hold across subsamples and when various methodological problems are addressed. Our results do not lend support to policies aimed to redistribute immigrants’ students more evenly across schools.

• Løset, Gøril Kvamme; Dale-Olsen, Harald; Hellevik, Tale; Mastekaasa, Arne; von Soest, Tilmann & Østbakken, Kjersti Misje (2018). Gender equality in sickness absence tolerance: Attitudes and norms of sickness absence are not different for men and women. PLOS ONE.  ISSN 1932-6203.  13(8) . doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200788 Full text in Research Archive.
• Melsom, Anne May & Mastekaasa, Arne (2018). Gender, occupational gender segregation and sickness absence: Longitudinal evidence. Acta Sociologica.  ISSN 0001-6993.  61(3), s 227- 245 . doi: 10.1177/0001699317691583 Full text in Research Archive. Show summary

  Women have much higher sickness absence rates than men. One prominent hypothesis is that this is a result of gender segregation in the labour market and the differences in employment or working conditions that follow from this. Previous studies assessing this idea give mixed results, but they do not take into account the possibility of selection effects. Longterm health differences between individuals may, for instance, influence both what jobs people end up in and their levels of sickness absence. In this paper, we provide new evidence on employment and working conditions as a cause of gender differences in sickness absence. We use individual fixed-effect models to account for selection based on stable individual characteristics. Like several previous studies, we find a U-shaped relationship with high absence in both male- and female-dominated occupations. However, the fixed-effect models show that this relationship is primarily caused by overrepresentation of absence-prone individuals in female-dominated occupations. Accounting for selection, the association between the proportion of women in the occupation and sickness absence is negative. As far as sickness absence is concerned, the gender segregation in the labour market thus seems to work to the advantage of women.

• Mastekaasa, Arne (2016). Direct social origin effects and educational returns in Norway, In Fabrizio Bernardi & Gabriele Ballarino (ed.),  Education, Occupation and Social Origin. A Comparative Analysis of the Transmission of Socio-Economic Inequalities.  Edward Elgar Publishing.  ISBN 978 1 78536 044 2.  9.  s 132 - 149
• Mastekaasa, Arne (2016). Kvinner og sykefravær. Tidsskrift for velferdsforskning.  ISSN 0809-2052.  14(2), s 125- 147 . doi: 10.18261/issn.2464-3076-2016-02-03
• Mastekaasa, Arne (2016). Sykefravær i offentlig og privat sektor. Søkelys på arbeidslivet.  ISSN 1504-8004.  33(4), s 311- 326 . doi: 10.18261/issn.1504-7989-2016-04-02 Show summary

  Data fra Statistisk sentralbyrås arbeidskraftundersøkelser 2006-2012 kombinert med registerdata brukes til å undersøke forskjeller i sykefravær mellom stat, kommunal og privat sektor. Det samlete sykefraværet er klart høyest i kommunene, mens det ikke er noen signifikant forskjell mellom staten og privat sektor. En god del av forskjellen mellom kommune, stat og privat sektor skyldes de ansattes kjønns- og alderssammensetning; også med kontroll for disse forholdene samt blant annet utdanning og yrke er imidlertid fraværet tolv prosent høyere i kommunal enn i privat sektor. For fravær av inntil én ukes varighet ligger både staten og kommunene klart høyere enn privat sektor, og her er forskjellene lite påvirket av kontroll for andre variabler.

• Hardoy, Ines; Mastekaasa, Arne & Schøne, Pål (2015). Lærernes kompetanse og elevenes resultater: Er det noen sammenheng?. Samfunnsøkonomen.  ISSN 1890-5250.  129(5), s 50- 57 Show summary

  Lærerens betydning for elevprestasjoner er vel anerkjent. Forskningslitteraturen synes å være enig om at lærerens kvalitet teller for elevenes resultater, men det er fortsatt usikkerhet med hensyn til hvilke egenskaper som best fanger lærerkvalitet. I denne artikkelen tester vi betydningen av noen sentrale observerte kjennetegn ved lærere i videregående skole i Norge, yrkeserfaring, ansiennitet, karakterer fra universitet eller høyskole, og utdanningslengde. Ved hjelp av registerdata som dekker alle elever og lærere i perioden 2003-2008, finner vi at elever som går på skoler med erfarne lærere, høyt utdannede lærere, og mange lærere som fikk gode karakterer under lærerutdanningen, ikke presterer bedre enn andre elever. Det er imidlertid en positiv sammenheng mellom lærernes ansiennitet og elevenes karakterer, selv om den er svak.

• Mastekaasa, Arne (2015). Organisasjonsendringer og sykefravær, I: Harald Dale-Olsen (red.),  Norsk arbeidsliv i turbulente tider.  Gyldendal Akademisk.  ISBN 978-82-05-47881-7.  Kap. 9.  s 170 - 183
• Mastekaasa, Arne (2015). Sosiale og demografiske variasjoner i korttidssykefraværet. Søkelys på arbeidslivet.  ISSN 1504-8004.  32(1-2), s 3- 20 Full text in Research Archive. Show summary

  Korttids sykefravær, her definert som sykefravær av mindre enn én ukes varighet, er relativt lite studert. Her benytter vi data fra Statistisk sentralbyrås Arbeidskraftundersøkelser (2006–2013) til å belyse om korttidsfraværet samvarierer med kjønn, alder, omsorg for barn, utdanning og yrke på samme måte som langtidsfraværet. Vi finner gjennomgående at sammenhengene er mye svakere for korttidsfraværet. Konklusjoner om årsakssammenhenger kan ikke trekkes ut fra disse analysene, men resultatene er rimelige ut fra det man vet om hvordan forskjellige sykdommer og plager er fordelt i befolkningen.

• Mastekaasa, Arne (2014). The gender gap in sickness absence: long-term trends in eight European countries. European Journal of Public Health.  ISSN 1101-1262.  24(4), s 656- 662 . doi: 10.1093/eurpub/cku075 Full text in Research Archive. Show summary

  Background: Most studies show that women have considerably higher rates of sickness absence than men, but little is known on how the gender gap has developed over time. Methods: Data are taken from the EU Labour Force Surveys. The dependent variable is whether the respondent reports being away from work the entire reference week or not. Trends are shown from 1980 onwards. Poisson regression is used to estimate relative risks for women vs. men, with various sets of control variables. Results: Increasing gross differences in sickness absence between women and men are found in five countries: Spain, Ireland, France, Belgium and the UK. No trend in the gender gap is found in Netherlands and Portugal, and probably even in Italy. The trends in the gender gap have been largely the same for men and women without children at home as in the population as a whole. The trends are little affected by control for detailed occupation and industry. Conclusion: The gender gap in sickness absence has increased in five out of eight countries. This is not due to increased labour force participation by mothers of small children, and neither can it be explained as a result of changes in how women and men are distributed across occupations or industries.

• Mastekaasa, Arne & Melsom, Anne May (2014). Occupational segregation and gender differences in sickness absence: Evidence from 17 European countries. European Sociological Review.  ISSN 0266-7215.  30(5), s 582- 594 . doi: 10.1093/esr/jcu059 Full text in Research Archive. Show summary

  Previous research indicates that women fare less well than men on a wide range of healthrelated measures, including sickness absence from work. Possible explanations are that women have—on average—less healthy jobs than men, or that they are more vulnerable to job-related stressors. We address these issues using comparative data on 17 European countries from the EU Labour Force Surveys. Employing logistic regression, we find that gender differences in sickness absence tend to increase if we control for up to 147 detailed occupational categories, thus indicating that women are, if anything, in more healthy jobs than men in most countries. We also examine to what extent the gender differences in sickness absence are systematically related to the gender mix of the occupation, e.g. whether women have particularly high sickness absence in occupations that are strongly male dominated. There is a tendency towards smaller gender differences in female-dominated occupations in a few countries, but in most cases the gender difference is of similar magnitude in female-dominated, male-dominated, and gender-balanced occupations.

• With, Mari Lande & Mastekaasa, Arne (2014). Karakterer, opptakskrav og lærerrekruttering, I: Nicoline Frølich; Elisabeth Hovdhaugen & Lars Inge Terum (red.),  Kvalitet, kapasitet og relevans : Utviklingstrekk i norsk høyere utdanning.  Cappelen Damm Akademisk.  ISBN 978-82-02-45050-2.  Kapittel 10.  s 185 - 202
• Mastekaasa, Arne (2013). Dependent children and women's sickness absence in the EU countries and Norway. European Societies.  ISSN 1461-6696.  15(5), s 686- 706 . doi: 10.1080/14616696.2012.721892
• Mastekaasa, Arne (2013). UNIONIZATION AND CERTIFIED SICKNESS ABSENCE: NORWEGIAN EVIDENCE. Industrial & labor relations review.  ISSN 0019-7939.  66(1), s 117- 141 . doi: 10.1177/001979391306600105 Full text in Research Archive. Show summary

  The author analyzes the relationship between unionization and absences due to sickness in Norway using register data covering the entire population employed in the private sector during 2003 to 2007. A few previous studies have shown much higher sickness absence among unionized than nonunionized employees in Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom. The author shows this is also true for Norway, although primarily for employees in lowergrade jobs. The differential persists even when employees in the same detailed job category within the same establishment are compared using fixed effects models. Thus, differences between more or less unionized establishments, or differences in working conditions between members and nonmembers, fail to explain the differential. Analyses using individual fixed effects indicate that up to half of the union-nonunion differential in absence is due to selection on stable individual characteristics.

• Mastekaasa, Arne (2012). Kvinners og menns sykefravær - en stadig økende forskjell? :. Søkelys på arbeidslivet.  ISSN 1504-8004.  29(1/2), s 21- 32 . doi: 10.18261/issn.1504-7989-2016-04-02
• Mastekaasa, Arne (2011). Brain drain? Recruitment and retention of high quality teachers in Norway. Oxford Review of Education.  ISSN 0305-4985.  37(1), s 53- 74 . doi: 10.1080/03054985.2010.527730 Show summary

  This paper examines whether graduates of high academic quality (as measured by their university or university college Grade Point Average or GPA) are recruited to and remain in school jobs. Extensive data from Norwegian administrative registers are used. The analyses show that graduates from specialised and concurrent general teacher programmes go into and remain in school employment to an overwhelming extent irrespective of academic quality. Among those with less specialised university degrees, however, high-GPA graduates are considerably less likely to take a school job and they are also more likely to leave. Both groups of graduates generally earn more in non-school employment, but this earnings differential is unrelated to GPA. Economic factors therefore cannot explain why high-GPA graduates more rarely enter and more often leave school employment.

• Mastekaasa, Arne (2011). How important is Autonomy to Professional Workers?. Professions and Professionalism.  ISSN 1893-1049. . doi: 10.7577/pp.v1i1.143 Show summary

  A common assumption is that autonomy is crucial to professional workers. I examine this using survey data on a sample of public sector welfare professionals, viz. medical doctors, nurses, teachers, social workers. Comparisons are made with general population data from the International Social Survey Programme. Two methods of assessing the importance of work autonomy are employed; respondents’ direct ratings and statistical associations between work autonomy (and other job characteristics) on the one hand and job satisfaction and organizational commitment on the other. Findings: Autonomy is not rated as more important among the professionals than in the general population, and neither is it more strongly related to job satisfaction. Interesting work and workplace social support appear to be more central.

• Mastekaasa, Arne (2011). Social Origins and Labour Market Success—Stability and Change over Norwegian Birth Cohorts 1950–1969. European Sociological Review.  ISSN 0266-7215.  27(1), s 1- 15 . doi: 10.1093/esr/jcp050 Show summary

  This article examines to what extent social origins have direct impact on people’s earnings, over and above what is mediated by their educational attainment, and whether such effects have changed over time. Population data on Norwegian birth cohorts from 1950 to 1969 are employed. Parents’ level of education has relatively weak negative effects on earnings. Parents’ earnings have a stronger and positive effect, which is either stable or slightly increasing over the cohorts. Hypotheses based on modernization theory or on theories of a transition to school-mediated social origin effects are rejected. Further results indicate that choice of field of education does not mediate social origin effects. The direct social origin effects are relatively small for those employed in large organizations and in the public sector; along with other indirect evidence this provides some indication that the direct social origin effects reflect non-meritocratic processes.

• Mastekaasa, Arne (2011). Ulikhet i arbeidsinntekter i Norge 1975–2004 mellom og innen utdanningsnivåer. Søkelys på arbeidslivet.  ISSN 1504-8004.  28(1-2), s 67- 88 Show summary

  Analyser basert på kopling av data fra Arbeidskraftundersøkelsene med registerbaserte inntektsdata viser en viss økning i samlet ulikhet i arbeidsinntekter for perioden 1975–2004 sett under ett. Økningen har først og fremst skjedd ved at det er blitt større spredning i den øvre delen av inntektsfordelingen og innenfor gruppen med høyere utdanning. På lavere utdanningsnivåer er det ingen klare langtidstrender i ulikheten. Ulikhet mellom personer på forskjellige utdanningsnivåer (avkastning av utdanning) sank på slutten av 1970-tallet, men har vist svak tendens til økning fra andre halvdel av 1990-tallet.

• Mastekaasa, Arne & Birkelund, Gunn Elisabeth (2011). The equalizing effect of wives' earnings on inequalities in earnings among households, Norway 1974-2004. European Societies.  ISSN 1461-6696.  13(2), s 219- 237 . doi: 10.1080/14616696.2010.514350
• Mastekaasa, Arne & Næss, Siri (2011). Ekteskap og familie, I: Siri Næss; John Eriksen & Torbjørn Moum (red.),  Livskvalitet. Forskning om det gode liv.  Fagbokforlaget.  ISBN 978-82-450-1210-1.  Kapittel 11.  s 170 - 183
• Moum, Torbjørn & Mastekaasa, Arne (2011). Kan livskvalitet studeres empirisk?, I: Siri Næss; John Eriksen & Torbjørn Moum (red.),  Livskvalitet. Forskning om det gode liv.  Fagbokforlaget.  ISBN 978-82-450-1210-1.  Kapittel 2.  s 52 - 68
• Pedersen, Willy & Mastekaasa, Arne (2011). Conduct disorder symptoms and subsequent pregnancy, child-birth and abortion: A population-based longitudinal study of adolescents. Journal of Adolescence.  ISSN 0140-1971.  34(5), s 1025- 1033 . doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2010.11.005
• Birkelund, Gunn Elisabeth & Mastekaasa, Arne (2010). Restructuring gender relations: Women’s labour market participation and earnings inequality among households, In Jaqueline Scott; Rosemary Crompton & Clare Lyonette (ed.),  Gender Inequalities in the 21st Century.  Edward Elgar Publishing.  ISBN 9781848444386.  Chapter 11.  s 242 - 254
• Birkelund, Gunn Elisabeth & Mastekaasa, Arne (2010). The Equalizing Effect of Wives' Earnings on Inequalities in Earnings among Households. European Societies.  ISSN 1461-6696. . doi: 2November2010(iFirst)
• Hansen, Marianne Nordli & Mastekaasa, Arne (2010). Reform 94 - et trendskifte i videregående utdanning? :. Søkelys på arbeidslivet.  ISSN 1504-8004.  27(3), s 191- 205
• Hansen, Marianne Nordli & Mastekaasa, Arne (2010). Utdanning - stabilitet og endring, I: Ivar Frønes & Lise Kjølsrød (red.),  Det norske samfunn.  Gyldendal Akademisk.  ISBN 978-82-05-39086-7.  5.  s 116 - 143
• Laaksonen, Mikko; Mastekaasa, Arne; Martikainen, Pekka; Rahkonen, Ossi; Piha, Kustaa & Lahelma, Eero (2010). Gender differences in sickness absence - the contribution of occupation and workplace. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health.  ISSN 0355-3140.  36(5), s 394- 403 Show summary

  Objectives The aim of this study was to examine whether differences in male and female occupations and workplaces explain gender differences in self-certified (1–3 days) and medically confirmed sickness absence episodes of various lengths (≥4 days, >2 weeks, >60 days). Analyses in the main ICD-10 diagnostic groups were conducted for absence episodes of >2 weeks. Furthermore, we examined whether the contribution of occupation is related to different distributions of female and male jobs across the social class hierarchy. Methods All municipal employees of the City of Helsinki at the beginning of 2004 (N=36 395) were followed-up until the end of 2007. Conditional fixed-effects Poisson regression was used to control for differences between occupations and workplaces. Results Controlling for occupation accounted for half of the female excess in self-certified and medically confirmed episodes lasting >60 days. In the intermediate categories, this explained about one third of the female excess. The effect of workplace was similar but weaker. Occupational and workplace differences explained the female excess in sickness absence due to mental and behavioral disorders, musculoskeletal diseases, and respiratory diseases. The effect of occupation was clearly stronger than that of social class in self-certified absence episodes, whereas, in medically confirmed sickness absence episodes, gender differences were to a large extent related to social class differences between occupations. Conclusions Differences between occupations held by women and men explain a substantial part of the female excess in sickness absence. Mental and behavioral disorders and musculoskeletal diseases substantially contribute to this explanation.

• Mastekaasa, Arne (2010). Hvordan forklarer samfunnsforskere – og hvordan bør de forklare?, I: Rune Slagstad (red.),  Elster og sirenenes sang.  Pax Forlag.  ISBN 9788253032733.  xxx.  s 137 - 146
• Mastekaasa, Arne (2010). Sosial bakgrunn og suksess i yrkeslivet, I: Dag Album; Marianne Nordli Hansen & Karin Widerberg (red.),  Metodene våre. Eksempler fra samfunnsvitenskapelig forskning.  Universitetsforlaget.  ISBN 9788215014920.  7.  s 121 - 137
• Østhus, Ståle & Mastekaasa, Arne (2010). The impact of downsizing on remaining workers' sickness absence. Social Science and Medicine.  ISSN 0277-9536.  71(8), s 1455- 1462 . doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.06.045 Show summary

  It is generally assumed that organizational downsizing has considerable negative consequences, not only for workers that are laid off, but also for those who remain employed. The empirical evidence with regard to effects on sickness absence is, however, inconsistent. This study employs register data covering a major part of the total workforce in Norway over the period 2000e2003. The number of sickness absence episodes and the number of sickness absence days are analysed by means of Poisson regression. To control for both observed and unobserved stable individual characteristics, we use conditional (fixed effects) estimation. The analyses provide some weak indications that downsizing may lead to slightly less sickness absence, but the overall impression is that downsizing has few if any effects on the sickness absence of the remaining employees.

• Birkelund, Gunn Elisabeth & Mastekaasa, Arne (2009). Et sammensatt bilde, I: Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund & Arne Mastekaasa (red.),  Integrert? Innvandrere og barn av innvandrere i utdanning og arbeidsliv.  Abstrakt forlag.  ISBN 978-82-7935-278-5.  Kapittel 13.  s 221 - 228
• Birkelund, Gunn Elisabeth & Mastekaasa, Arne (2009). Innledning, I: Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund & Arne Mastekaasa (red.),  Integrert? Innvandrere og barn av innvandrere i utdanning og arbeidsliv.  Abstrakt forlag.  ISBN 978-82-7935-278-5.  Kapittel 1.  s 11 - 42
• Brekke, Idunn & Mastekaasa, Arne (2009). Arbeidsinntektsforskjeller blant innvandrere og etterkommere av innvandrere, I: Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund & Arne Mastekaasa (red.),  Integrert? Innvandrere og barn av innvandrere i utdanning og arbeidsliv.  Abstrakt forlag.  ISBN 978-82-7935-278-5.  12.  s 199 - 217
• Grindland, Mina V. & Mastekaasa, Arne (2009). Studenters arbeid utenom studiene kvalitetsreform uten effekt?. Søkelys på arbeidslivet.  ISSN 1504-8004.  26(2), s 253- 266 . doi: http://www.samfunnsforskning.no/nor/content/download/22365/537466/file/Studenters%20arbeid%20utenom%20studiene.%20Kvalitetsreform%20uten%20effekt.pdf Show summary

  Kvalitetsreformen i høyere utdanning som ble gjennomført i 2002–2003, innebar endringer i studieopplegg og undervisning så vel som i lån- og stipendordninger. Det var rimelig å anta at begge typer endringer ville bidra til at studentene arbeidet mindre utenom studiene. Tidligere forskning har imidlertid konkludert med at dette ikke skjedde, og dette er også konklusjonen i St.meld. nr. 7 (2007–2008), Statusrapport for Kvalitetsreformen i høgre utdanning. Med bruk av mer egnede data om studentenes arbeidsinntekter viser vi at denne konklusjonen var forhastet. Vi undersøker også om utviklingen i arbeidsinntekter tyder på at reformen har virket forskjellig, avhengig av studentenes sosiale bakgrunn. Forskjellene er små, men for høyskolestudenter er det en tendens til større endringer blant studenter som har foreldre med høy utdanning og inntekt.

• Brekke, Idunn & Mastekaasa, Arne (2008). Highly educated immigrants in the Norwegian labour market: permanent disadvantage?. Work, Employment and Society.  ISSN 0950-0170.  22(3), s 507- 526 . doi: 10.1177/0950017008093483 Show summary

  This article analyses earnings and employment differences between native Norwegians and immigrants over the period 1993–2003. Register data for the entire population of graduates from Norwegian universities 1992–2002 are used. Immigrants’ earnings and employment rates are considerably lower than those of native Norwegians. The differences decline with time of residency. Keeping time of residency constant, however, earnings differences between native men and male immigrants tend to grow over the career.

• Eikemo, Terje Andreas; Mastekaasa, Arne & Ringdal, Kristen (2008). Health and happiness, In Heikki Ervasti; Torben Fridberg; Mikael Hjerm & Kristen Ringdal (ed.),  Nordic Social Attitudes in a European Perspective.  Edward Elgar Publishing.  ISBN 978-1-84720-931-3.  3.  s 48 - 64
• Mastekaasa, Arne & Mastekaasa, Arne (2008). Profesjon og arbeidsmarked, I: Anders Molander & Lars Inge Terum (red.),  Profesjonsstudier.  Universitetsforlaget.  ISBN 978-82-15-00859-2.  5.  s 103 - 118
• Mastekaasa, Arne & Mastekaasa, Arne (2008). Profesjon og arbeidsmarked, I: Anders Molander & Lars Inge Terum (red.),  Profesjonsstudier.  Universitetsforlaget.  ISBN 978-82-15-00859-2.  5.  s 103 - 118
• Mastekaasa, Arne & Mastekaasa, Arne (2008). Profesjon og motivasjon, I: Anders Molander & Lars Inge Terum (red.),  Profesjonsstudier.  Universitetsforlaget.  ISBN 978-82-15-00859-2.  18.  s 306 - 320
• Mastekaasa, Arne & Mastekaasa, Arne (2008). Profesjon og motivasjon, I: Anders Molander & Lars Inge Terum (red.),  Profesjonsstudier.  Universitetsforlaget.  ISBN 978-82-15-00859-2.  18.  s 306 - 320
• Mastekaasa, Arne & Smeby, Jens-Christian (2008). Educational choice and persistence in male- and female-dominated fields. Higher Education.  ISSN 0018-1560.  55, s 189- 202 . doi: 10.1007/s10734-006-9042-4
• Klepp, Olav Martin; Mastekaasa, Arne; Sørensen, Tom; Sandanger, Inger & Kleiner, Robert (2007). Structure analysis of Antonovsky's sense of coherence from an epidemiological mental health survey with a brief nine-item sense of coherence scale. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research.  ISSN 1049-8931.  16 . doi: 10.1002/mpr.197
• Hansen, Marianne Nordli & Mastekaasa, Arne (2006). Social Origins and Academic Performance at University. European Sociological Review.  ISSN 0266-7215.  22, s 277- 291
• Mastekaasa, Arne (2006). Educational transitions at graduate level: Social origins and recruitment to doctoral programmes in Norway. Acta Sociologica.  ISSN 0001-6993.  49, s 437- 453
• Mastekaasa, Arne (2006). Is marriage/cohabitation beneficial for young people? Some evidence on psychological distress among Norwegian college students. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology.  ISSN 1052-9284.  16(2), s 149- 165
• Mastekaasa, Arne & Terum, Lars Inge (2006). Studenttilfredshet i profesjonsutdanningene. Norsk pedagogisk tidsskrift.  ISSN 0029-2052.  90(3), s 254- 266
• Mastekaasa, Arne & Hansen, Marianne Nordli (2005). Frafall i høyere utdanning: Hvilken betydning har sosial bakgrunn?, I: Mona Raabe; Oddbjørn Raaum; Per Olaf Aamodt; Nils Martin Stølen & Anne Marie Holseter (red.),  Utdanning 2005 - deltakelse og kompetanse.  Statistisk sentralbyrå.  ISBN 82-537-6844-3.  Kapittel.  s 98 - 121
• Torp, Hege & Mastekaasa, Arne (2005). Sykefravær og nye former for arbeidsorganisering, I: Hege Torp (red.),  Nytt arbeidsliv: medvirkning, inkludering og belønning.  Gyldendal Akademisk.  Kapittel 10.  s 192 - 210
• Mastekaasa, Arne (2005). Gender Differences in Educational Attainment:The Case of Doctoral Degrees in Norway. British Journal of Sociology of Education.  ISSN 0142-5692.  26(3), s 375- 394
• Mastekaasa, Arne (2005). Sickness absence in female- and male-dominated occupations and workplaces. Social Science and Medicine.  ISSN 0277-9536.  60, s 2261- 2272
• Mastekaasa, Arne (2004). Social Origins and Recruitment to Norwegian Business and Public Sector Elites. European Sociological Review.  ISSN 0266-7215.  20(3), s 221- 235
• Sørensen, Tom; Mastekaasa, Arne; Kleiner, Robert; Sandanger, Inger; Bøe, Nils & Klepp, Olav Martin (2004). Local Community Mobilisation and Mental Health Promotion. International Journal of Mental Health Promotion.  ISSN 1462-3730.  6(4), s 5- 16
• Allebeck, P & Mastekaasa, Arne (2004). Causes of sickness: research approaches and explanatory models. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health.  ISSN 1403-4948.  32, s 36- 43
• Allebeck, Peter & Mastekaasa, Arne (2004). Risk factors for sick leave -- general studies. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health.  ISSN 1403-4948.  32, s 49- 108
• Hansen, Marianne Nordli & Mastekaasa, Arne (2003). Utdanning, ulikhet og forandring, I:  Det norske samfunn.   3.  s 69 - 98
• Mastekaasa, Arne (2003). "The Best and the Brightest"? Økonomiske incentiver og doktorgradsrekruttering i Norge. Tidsskrift for samfunnsforskning.  ISSN 0040-716X.  44, s 331- 366 Full text in Research Archive. Show summary

  In recent decades there has been a very strong increase in the number of people enrolled in higher education in Norway. This increase has taken place although the economic returns to schooling in Norway are low. The increase in the number of doctoral degrees has been particularly strong. This paper focuses on two issues. First, we estimate the economic returns to a doctoral degree. Second, we provide some largely indirect evidence on how the (low or even negative) economic returns have affected recruitment to doctoral studies. A data set consisting of nearly all graduates in five major educational fields from Norwegian universities from the early 1980�s until 1996 is used. Data are analysed by means of LAV regression (wage and income data) and logistic regression for discrete time event history data (attainment of doctoral degrees). There are negative income effects of doctoral degrees in medicine, mathematics and natural sciences, and engineering, and positive but not very strong effects in the humanities and the social sciences. There is no evidence that these different economic returns have had important effects on recruitment patterns. There is, for instance, a strong positive effect of university grades in all five educational fields. Thus, the negative economic returns in some fields do not seem to have had strong negative effects on the quality of the recruits.

• Sørensen, Tom; Mastekaasa, Arne; Sandanger, Inger; Kleiner, Robert J.; Moum, Torbjørn; Klepp, Olav Martin & Bøe, Nils (2002). Contribution of local community integration and personal social network support to mental health. Norsk Epidemiologi.  ISSN 0803-2491.  12(3), s 269- 274

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• Birkelund, Gunn Elisabeth & Mastekaasa, Arne (red.) (2009). Integrert? Innvandrere og barn av innvandrere i utdanning og arbeidsliv. Abstrakt forlag.  ISBN 978-82-7935-278-5.  230 s.

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• Birkelund, Gunn Elisabeth & Mastekaasa, Arne (2018). Intergenerational Mobility.
• Bratsberg, Bernt; Dale-Olsen, Harald & Mastekaasa, Arne (2015). Long-term detrimental health-effects from performance pay?.
• Sørensen, Tom; Mastekaasa, Arne; Kleiner, Robert & Bøe, N (2013). Comparing the community - mental health relationships of adults and youths from the same local communities.
• Birkelund, Gunn Elisabeth & Mastekaasa, Arne (2012). Så klarar sig invandrarnas barn i Norge. Framtider.  ISSN 0281-0492.  s 11- 14
• Mastekaasa, Arne (2012). Comme toutes les sciences sociales. Commentaire.  ISSN 0180-8214.  136, s 1037- 1040
• Birkelund, Gunn Elisabeth & Mastekaasa, Arne (2011). Minoritetselever. skoleprestasjoner og frafall, konklusjoner fra et forskningsprosjekt.
• Birkelund, Gunn Elisabeth & Mastekaasa, Arne (2010). Innvandrerelever: Høy motivasjon, men noen sliter. Utdanning.  ISSN 1502-9778.  (5)
• Birkelund, Gunn Elisabeth & Mastekaasa, Arne (2009). Integrasjon fungerer. Dagsavisen.  ISSN 1503-2892.
• Birkelund, Gunn Elisabeth & Mastekaasa, Arne (2009). The equalizing effect of wives’ earnings on inequalities in earnings among households. Exploring patterns and mechanisms.
• Mastekaasa, Arne (2009). Organizational commitment among public and private sector professionals. SPS Arbeidsnotat. 1.
• Birkelund, Gunn Elisabeth & Mastekaasa, Arne (2008). Women's labour market participation and income inequality: a study of dual earner couples in Norway, 1974-2004.
• Mastekaasa, Arne (2008). Family and job related explanations of gender differences in sickness absence: A review of the evidence.
• Mastekaasa, Arne (2008). How important is job autonomy to professional workers?.
• Mastekaasa, Arne (2008). Hva betyr karakterkrav ved opptak for kompetanse og gjennomføring?.
• Mastekaasa, Arne (2008). Rekruttering og prestasjoner.
• Mastekaasa, Arne (2008). Tidligere skoleprestasjoner og rekruttering til og gjennomføring av allmennlærerutdanning.
• Sørensen, Tom; Klepp, Olav Martin; Kleiner, Robert; Mastekaasa, Arne & Bøe, Nils (2008). Effect modification of sense of coherence on the stress-buffer-effect of social support with regard to mental health.
• Birkelund, Gunn Elisabeth & Mastekaasa, Arne (2007). Dual earner couples and inequality in earnings: Norway 1974-2004.
• Birkelund, Gunn Elisabeth & Mastekaasa, Arne (2007). Dual earner couples and inequality in earnings: Norway 1974-2004.
• Sørensen, Tom; Mastekaasa, Arne & Nygård, Jan Franz (2007). Attitudes toward the mentally ill among the general population at an urban and rural site in Norway. Stability and change over time.
• Mastekaasa, Arne & Smeby, Jens-Christian (2005). Educational choice and persistence in male and female dominated fields. SPS Arbeidsnotat. 03/05.
• Mastekaasa, Arne (2004). Organisational commitment among public and private sector professionals.
• Mastekaasa, Arne & Terum, Lars Inge (2004). Studenttilfredshet i profesjonsutdanningene.
• Sørensen, Tom; Kleiner, Robert; Mastekaasa, Arne; Sandanger, Inger; Bøe, Nils & Klepp, Olav (2004). The impact of community integration on mental health of immigrants and local natives.
• Alexanderson, Kristina; Allebeck, Peter; Hansson, Tommy; Hensing, Gunnel; Jensen, Irene; Mastekaasa, Arne; Norlund, Anders; Perk, Joop; Syversson, Anneth; Wahlström, Rolf & Vingård, Eva (2003). Sjukskrivning -- orsaker, konsekvenser og praxis. En systematisk litteraturöversikt.
• Mastekaasa, Arne & Hansen, Marianne Nordli (2003). Kjønnsforskjeller i rekruttering til forskning: Likestilling eller diskriminering. Søkelys på arbeidsmarkedet.  ISSN 0800-6199.  20, s 223- 228
• Sørensen, Tom; Bøe, Nils; Kleiner, Robert J.; Klepp, Olav Martin; Mastekaasa, Arne & Moen, Oddmar (2003). Lokalsamfunn: Tilhørighet, mestring og egeninnflytelse. Betydning for trivsel og psykisk helse.
• Klepp, Olav Martin; Sørensen, Tom; Kleiner, Robert J.; Mastekaasa, Arne; Sandanger, Inger & Bøe, Nils (2002). The mental health social integration model modified by the sense of coherence.
• Sørensen, Tom; Kleiner, Robert J.; Mastekaasa, Arne; Sandanger, Inger; Bøe, Nils & Klepp, Olav Martin (2002). Local community resistance, change in community integration and mental health. North-Coast Series in Community Psychiatry. 01-05.
• Sørensen, Tom; Kleiner, Robert J.; Mastekaasa, Arne; Sandanger, Inger; Bøe, Nils & Klepp, Olav Martin (2002). Local community resistance, change in community integration and mental health.
• Sørensen, Tom; Kleiner, Robert J.; Sandanger, Inger; Bøe, Nils; Mastekaasa, Arne & Klepp, Olav Martin (2002). Change and stability in local-community-integration and mental health. North-Coast Series in Community Psychiatry. 01-04.
• Sørensen, Tom; Mastekaasa, Arne; Bøe, Nils; Klepp, Olav Martin; Kleiner, Robert J. & Sandanger, Inger (2002). Change and stability in local-community-integration and mental health.
• Sørensen, Tom; Mastekaasa, Arne; Sandanger, Inger; Kleiner, Robert J.; Bøe, Nils & Klepp, Olav Martin (2002). Individual and community predictors of mental health. Noth-Coast series in community psychiatry. 01-06.
• Mastekaasa, Arne (2002). Høyere utdanning: Rekruttering, karakterer og yrkeskarriere.
• Mastekaasa, Arne (2002). Social Origins and Recruitment to Norwegian Business and Public Sector Elites. Show summary

  Building upon recent studies of social mobility, this paper considers the relationship between social class origins and the attainment of top positions in business organizations and in central and local government administration. We use at data set comprising all persons between 25 and 50 years of age employed in these sectors in 1995. Elite status is defined in terms of position in each organizations pay distribution, and the data are analyzed by means of binomial and multinomial logistic regression. The results show that there is a very strong gross gross relationship between class origins and elite status in all three sectors. These effects are to a very strong extent mediated by education. In public administration, there seems to be no direct effect of class. In private business firms there is a considerable direct effect among people with low or medium education, but it declines strongly at higher educational levels. The direct class effect is also strongest with regard to elite status in small firms. The effect of education, on the other hand, is strongest in the public sector and in large firms. The interaction of the class effect with the effects of education and firm size means that the estimated direct effects of class on elite status in large firms are close to zero for people with higher university degrees or other education at the same level.

• Sørensen, Tom; Kleiner, Robert J.; Mastekaasa, Arne; Sandanger, Inger; Moum, Torbjørn; Bøe, Nils & Klepp, Olav Martin (2001). Group differnces in the impact of local-community-integration on mental health. North-Coast Series in Community Psychiatry. 02.
• Sørensen, Tom; Kleiner, Robert J.; Sandanger, Inger; Moum, Torbjørn; Mastekaasa, Arne & Bøe, Nils (2001). Demographic differences in the impact of local community integration / disintegration on mental health.

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