Johanne Døhlie Saltnes

• Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie & Mos, Martijn (2022). Understanding the EU's Response to LGBTI Rights Violations: Inter-Institutional Differences and Social Sanctions. Politics and Governance. ISSN 2183-2463. 10(1), p. 79–89. doi: 10.17645/pag.v10i1.4774. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This article aims to enrich the literature on EU sanctions in two ways. First, it argues that the absence of material sanctions does not imply a non‐response. When faced with human rights violations, policymakers enjoy a third option besides exerting material pressure or refraining from intervening. They may instead employ what constructivist scholars call social sanctions. This option consists of verbally calling out the violators, either publicly, through a naming‐and‐shaming strategy, or diplomatically via political dialogue and demarches. Social sanctions can be a credible alternative or complement to material sanctions. Second, we argue for the importance of disaggregating the EU as a sender of sanctions. A non‐response by executive institutions does not mean that the EU as a whole is standing idly by. Looking at social sanctions alongside material ones more accurately describes the choices policymakers face when designing their response to human rights violations. We demonstrate the value of our arguments by examining the EU’s various responses to LGBTI rights violations in Lithuania and Uganda.

• Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie & Steingass, Sebastian (2021). Fit for creating partnerships of equals with the global south? Tensions in the EU’s development policy post-2020. Global Affairs. ISSN 2334-0460. 7(4), p. 523–540. doi: 10.1080/23340460.2021.1985399. Full text in Research Archive
• Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie & Thiel, Markus (2021). The Politicization of LGBTI Human Rights Norms in the EU‐Uganda Development Partnership . Journal of Common Market Studies. ISSN 0021-9886. 59(12), p. 108–125. doi: 10.1111/jcms.13141. Full text in Research Archive
• Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie; Brazys, Samuel; Lacey, Joseph & Pillai, Arya (2020). EU aid for trade: Mitigating global trade injustices? Third World Quarterly. ISSN 0143-6597. 41(12), p. 1992–2010. doi: 10.1080/01436597.2020.1801343. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Does the EU’s Aid for Trade (AfT) initiative contribute to global justice? Complementing work that considers distributive justice, in this paper we adopt the central tenets of the republican theory of non-domination as a regulative ideal for justice in international relations. We evaluate the extent to which the EU’s AfT initiative results from reduced political domination in international trade negotiations, and if that then mitigates economic dependency between European and African states. We first provide a qualitative account of the processes that led to the establishment and subsequent development of AfT. We then consider the extent to which the AfT has promoted the reliance of African states on European foreign direct investment (FDI) relative to FDI from other regions (including and especially from within Africa itself) using subnational, project-level, data. Our findings suggest that EU AfT does not reinforce dominating forms of dependency in the international arena, at least when measured by the source of the FDI that it attracts, while AfT is itself an outcome of somewhat less dominating power relations in trade negotiations between wealthier and poorer states.

• Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie (2020). To Sanction or Not to Sanction? Normative Dilemmas in the Promotion of LGBTI Human Rights . GLOBUS Research Papers. ISSN 2535-2504. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.3536908. Full text in Research Archive
• Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie (2020). A Break from the Past or Business as Usual? EU-ACP Relations at a Crossroad. GLOBUS Research Papers. ISSN 2535-2504. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.3578616. Full text in Research Archive
• Brazys, Samuel; Pillai, Arya & Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie (2019). EU Aid for Trade Mitigating Global Trade Injustices? GLOBUS Research Papers. ISSN 2535-2504. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.3466115. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Does European Union (EU) foreign economic policy contribute to global justice or does it further neo-colonial structures of economic dependence? To assess this question, we evaluate if and how the EU’s ‘Aid for Trade’ (AfT) efforts have impacted the political, institutional and economic relationships with six sub-Saharan African countries. After discussing the conceptualisation of global justice as non-domination, we evaluate how the AfT initiative has changed the politics and institutions of trade negotiations between Europe and its partner countries. We then take advantage of sub-national datasets on AfT and foreign direct investment (FDI) to see if EU AfT is effective in attracting FDI, either from its own source countries and/or from non-EU sources. Our findings are suggestive that EU AfT initiatives have mitigated global trade injustices by levelling the political, if not institutional, playing fields and by working to attract FDI from both EU and non-EU sources.

• Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie (2019). Global Justice and Aid Effectiveness: Reforms of the European Union's Development Policy. GLOBUS Research Papers. ISSN 2535-2504. 3. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.3462413. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In this paper, Johanne Døhlie Saltnes recasts the story of the like-minded’s intermediate resistance and subsequent acceptance of the EU’s aid effectiveness reforms from one of competing interests and identities to one of contestation over normative principles. The paper draws on the GLOBUS conception of justice as impartiality to conceptualise central elements of the EU’s development policy, and further on the concepts of justice as mutual recognition and justice as non-domination to understand the like-minded’s resistance to the EU’s approach. The paper further highlights the usefulness of applying a global justice perspective when studying the EU’s development policy, as it facilitates a move beyond so-called ‘idealist motivations’ for aid and creates analytical standards that nuance our understanding of the competing normative claims that donors make in their aid policies.

• Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie (2018). The European Union’s human rights policy: is the EU’s use of the human rights clause inconsistent? Global Affairs. ISSN 2334-0460. 4(2-3), p. 277–289. doi: 10.1080/23340460.2018.1535251. Full text in Research Archive
• Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie (2018). Resistance to EU integration? Norm collision in the coordination of development aid. Journal of European Integration. ISSN 0703-6337. 41(1), p. 525–541. doi: 10.1080/07036337.2018.1533007. Full text in Research Archive
• Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie (2017). Norm collision in the EU’s external policies. The case of EU sanctions towards Rwanda. Cooperation and Conflict. ISSN 0010-8367. 52(4), p. 553–570. doi: 10.1177/0010836717710528. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The European Union (EU) is the world’s biggest donor of aid to developing countries. The provision of EU aid is conditional on respect for human rights and democratic principles in the recipient countries. This article questions to what extent norms always yield to interests in decisions over whether to sanction breaches of human rights and democracy. Building on a theory that allows the simultaneous consideration of different norms, the article suggests that rather than interests being the determining factor when the EU takes decisions on implementing sanctions, the weighing of various norms and the choice to follow one of them can explain why sanctions have been avoided in certain cases in Rwanda. The article shows that this weighing of different norms plays an important role in foreign policy decisions and can have concrete consequences with regard to sanctions. In so doing, it advances the literature on the EU’s global role by developing a theoretical account of the evaluation process and the ultimate decision to act in accordance with one norm in particular.

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• Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie (2021). The European Union and Global Development: A Rights-based Development Policy? Routledge. ISBN 9780367468514. 197 p.

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• Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie (2022). Enhancing or limiting citizens autonomy? Strengths and weaknesses in the EU’s rights-based approach to development.
• Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie (2021). The European Union and Global Development.
• Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie (2021). The benefits of academic blogging.
• Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie (2021). The EU’s human rights policy is deficient, but not in the way you might think. The Loop.
• Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie (2021). Tensions in the EU’s development policy post-2020.
• Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie & Bull, Martin (2020). Welcome to the Loop.
• Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie (2020). The European Union and Global Development: A Rights-Based Approach?
• Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie & Steingass, Sebastian (2020). A budget fit for creating a partnership of equals with the Global South? Tensions in the EU’s development policy post-2020’ .
• Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie (2020). A Break from the Past or Business as Usual? EU-ACP Relations at a Crossroads.
• Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie (2020). A rights-based development policy?
• Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie (2020). The European Union and global justice. Global Justice Blog.
• Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie & Pillai, Aria (2019). EU Aid for Trade: Mitigating Global Trade Injustices?
• Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie (2019). Norm contestation in EU foreign policy: the case of LGBTI’.
• Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie & Thiel, Markus (2019). Contestation of norms in EU development policy: the case of LGBTI.
• Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie (2019). Human rights in the EU’s foreign policy: Normative dilemmas in the promotion of LGBTI human rights.
• Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie (2019). A rights-based development policy? EU development policy at a crossroads.
• Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie (2019). EU development policy at a crossroads.
• Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie (2018). Global justice and aid effectiveness: Reforms of the European Union’s development policy.
• Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie (2018). Global justice and the promotion of sexual minority rights: Explaining donors’ foreign policy responses to the Anti-Homosexuality Act in Uganda. .
• Grønning, Ragnhild & Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie (2018). Do human rights limit state sovereignty? [Internet]. GLOBUS.
• Grønning, Ragnhild & Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie (2018). Critical voice and constructive partner? The role of civil society in EU foreign policy. [Internet]. GLOBUS.
• Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie (2018). Why the debate over the European Development Fund is a question of politics, EUROPP Blog.
• Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie & Grønning, Ragnhild (2018). Crisis management without conflict resolution: EUFOR Tchad/RCA. [Internet]. GLOBUS. Show summary

  The EU’s approach to crisis management is characterised by a prioritisation of state consent and neutrality rather than engaging in conflict resolution and giving local stakeholders a voice, argues Ben Tonra.

• Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie (2017). 'Resistance to EU integration. Accounting for Like-Minded reluctance to donor coordination in EU development policy.
• Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie (2017). Case Study of Donor Coordination in EU Development Policy.
• Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie & Mikalsen, Kjartan Koch (2017). Is the World Trade Organization unjust? Global Justice Blog.
• Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie (2016). Donor coordination in EU development policy. An attempt to enhance external legitimacy?
• Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie (2016). EU Development Policy.
• Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie (2016). A crucial year for EU development policy. Global Justice Blog.
• Brøgger, Tine Elisabeth Johnsen & Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie (2015). Federica Mogherini’s first seven months in office: a balancing act between supranational and intergovernmental decision-making. EUROPP.
• Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie (2015). Dagsnytt 18, intervju om EUs sanksjoner mot Russland. [Radio]. NRK.
• Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie & Brøgger, Tine Elisabeth Johnsen (2014). Federica Mogherini has outlined an ambitious plan for European foreign and security policy, but the extent to which it is attainable remains to be seen. EUROPP - European Politics and Policy.
• Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie (2011). Book Review. The European Union and Democracy Promotion. A Critical Global Assessment. Internasjonal Politikk. ISSN 0020-577X. 69(2), p. 333–337.
• Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie (2019). Norm collision in the European Union's external policies. EU development policy revisited. University of Oslo. Full text in Research Archive
• Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie (2013). The EU’s Human Rights Policy. Unpacking the literature on the EU’s implementation of aid conditionality. ARENA Centre for European Research. 2013(2).

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