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Vaskinn, Linda; Mellblom, Anneli; Bjørkli, Cato Alexander & Kjøbli, John
(2020).
Implementation in Residential Youth Care: Providers Perspectives on Effective Leadership Behavior.
Residential Treatment for Children & Youth.
ISSN 0886-571X.
doi:
10.1080/0886571X.2020.1774464.
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Considering the high prevalence of mental health challenges among the residential youth care (RYC) population, it is imperative that research-informed interventions are implemented in this setting. However, little research is available regarding RYC implementation practices. Leadership is a vital influencer of
implementation success. Therefore, the aim of this study was to further the knowledge base concerning effective implementation in RYC by investigating implementation leadership behavior. Utilizing qualitative methods, RYC providers were asked about effective implementation leadership behaviors, with an
emphasis on similarities and variations in behavior enacted by different leadership levels within the organization. The results indicate that relations-oriented and task-oriented leadership behavior are more important than change-oriented implementation leadership behavior among the providers interviewed.
The reported behaviors differed in terms of leadership level. The top executive leadership was more involved in taskoriented leadership behavior (i.e., monitoring activities, resource procurement), while the facility management was more
involved with relations-oriented behaviors (i.e., providing support, facilitating cooperation). Finally, the results are discussed in light of RYC characteristics and implementation stages.
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Bjørkli, Cato Alexander & Følstad, Asbjørn
(2020).
Tillit til chatbots. .
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Myklebust, Trond & Bjørkli, Cato Alexander
(2017).
Politiet som organisasjon - Hvilke måleparametere kan brukes. Hvorfor og hvordan undersøke dette i Innlandet politidistrikt.
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Myklebust, Trond & Bjørkli, Cato Alexander
(2017).
"Politiet som organisasjon" Prosjekt og implementering i politidistriktene.
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Myklebust, Trond; Bjørkli, Cato Alexander & Garnås, Alexander
(2014).
Presentasjon av etterforskningsprosjektet: Strategisk målstyring.
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Fagernæs, Linnea; Aasland, Kristine Aasulfsen; Garnås, Alexander; Myklebust, Trond & Bjørkli, Cato Alexander
(2014).
Factors influencing the quality of the criminal investigation in ØKOKRIM.
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Myklebust, Trond; Bjørkli, Cato Alexander & Garnås, Alexander
(2014).
Developing a modern police force: Comparing perspectives on police investigations within the Norwegian police.
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Myklebust, Trond; Garnås, Alexander & Bjørkli, Cato Alexander
(2014).
Investigative Interviewing: Comparing operative and educational perspectives in the Norwegian police.
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Myklebust, Trond & Bjørkli, Cato Alexander
(2014).
Etterforskningsprosjektet - analyse av politidistrikt og særorgan.
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Bjørkli, Cato Alexander & Myklebust, Trond
(2014).
Effektivitetskultur i norsk politi.
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Bjørkli, Cato Alexander & Myklebust, Trond
(2014).
The investigative interviewing: Comparing operative and educational perspectives in the Norwegian Police.
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Myklebust, Trond & Bjørkli, Cato Alexander
(2014).
Etterforskningsprosjektet - Strategiske perspektiver i etterforskningsarbeidet i norsk politi.
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Myklebust, Trond; Bjørkli, Cato Alexander & Lone, Jon Anders
(2013).
Exploring the practitioners perspective: A model for investigation in the Norwegian Police.
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Drozd, Filip; Nordgreen, Tine & Bjørkli, Cato Alexsander
(2013).
God (e-)helse - gode liv.
Dagens medisin.
ISSN 1501-4290.
s. 28–28.
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FoU-midler innen helseteknologi kommer ikke pasientene til gode. Er dette den beste utnyttelsen av sårt trengte midler til psykisk helsehjelp i Norge?
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Lone, Jon Anders; Myklebust, Trond; Bjørklund, Roald Arild & Bjørkli, Cato Alexsander
(2013).
The IGLO Model: An Empirical Investigation of a Four-Level Model of Work Characteristics.
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Øvergård, Kjell Ivar; Bjørkli, Cato Alexander; Bjørshol, Conrad; Myklebust, Helge & Hoff, Thomas
(2008).
Socio-emotional stressors increase ventilation rate during advanced cardial life support in a manikin model.
Circulation.
ISSN 0009-7322.
s. 1468–1468.
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BACKGROUND: Studies suggest that trained medical personnel deliver manual ventilations at excessive rates while performing advanced cardiac life support (ACLS). Excessive ventilation rates may contribute to increased mortality among these patients. We seek to uncover the root causes of hyperventilation during ACLS.
HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesized that the presence of socio-emotional stressors would increase the ventilation rate during simulated cardiac arrest in a manikin model.
METHOD: A within-subject study involved two conditions presented in randomized order. Ten students at the University of Oslo participated in the study. In one condition all participants ventilated a standard intubated manikin while being alone in the room. Another condition involved in addition the presence of six more people and a telephone conversation with a simulated 911 dispatcher. All participants were instructed to ventilate the manikin ten times per minute in both conditions. Ventilation rate was measured by the interval between the initiation of each ventilation event (Inter-Response-Interval; IRI).
RESULTS: The participants had a higher ventilation rate during exposure to socio-emotional stressors (Mean IRI = 5.55, SD =2.57) than during the alone condition (Mean IRI = 7.28, SD = 2.51; t(9) = –3.205, 95% CI –2.95, –.51; Cohen’s d = 1.04; p = .011). Five participants ventilated much faster than the recommended rate of 10 bpm during the socio-emotional scenario (range 11.5–22 bpm for these four people). Only two persons ventilated faster than the recommended rate of 10 bpm in the alone condition.
CONCLUSIONS: Socio-emotional pressure increases ventilation rate during advanced cardiac life support in a manikin model. This may have consequences for the organization and training of ACLS providers.
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Øvergård, Kjell Ivar; Bjørkli, Cato Alexander; Bjørshol, Conrad; Myklebust, Helge & Hoff, Thomas
(2008).
Socio-Emotional Stressors Increase Ventilation Rate During Advanced Cardiac Life Support in a Manikin Model.
Vis sammendrag
BACKGROUND: Studies suggest that trained medical personnel deliver manual ventilations at excessive rates while performing advanced cardiac life support (ACLS). We seek to uncover the root causes of hyperventilation during ACLS.
HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesized that the presence of socio-emotional stressors would increase the ventilation rate during simulated cardiac arrest in a manikin model.
METHOD: A within-subject study involved two conditions presented in randomized order. Ten students at the University of Oslo participated in the study. In the control condition the participants ventilated an intubated manikin while being alone in the room. The other condition involved in addition the presence of six more people and a telephone conversation with a simulated 911 dispatcher. All participants were instructed to ventilate the manikin ten times per minute in both conditions. Ventilation rate was measured by the interval between the initiation of each ventilation (Inter-Response-Interval; IRI).
RESULTS: The ventilation rate was higher during exposure to socio-emotional stressors (Mean IRI = 5.55, SD = 2.57) than during the control condition (Mean IRI = 7.28, SD = 2.51; t(9) = -3.205, 95% CI -2.95, -.51; Cohen's d = 1.04; p = .011). Five participants ventilated faster than the recommended rate of 10 bpm during the socio-emotional scenario (range 11.5-22 bpm). Only two persons ventilated faster than the recommended rate of 10 bpm in the control condition.
CONCLUSIONS: Socio-emotional pressure increases ventilation rate during advanced cardiac life support in a manikin model. This may have consequences for the organization and training of ACLS providers.
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Knappen Røed, Bjarte; Bjørkli, Cato Alexander; Gould, Kristian S. & Hoff, Thomas
(2006).
Activity theory as a supportive framework in design of navigation equipment.
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This study reports on the use of Activity Theory as a supportive framework in a design process. Crews on Fast Patrol Boats in the Royal Norwegian Navy were observed during high speed navigation in coastal waters. The unit of analysis was the navigation team of five persons in their work. Activity was regarded as situated actions shaped by tools, objects and constraints. The framework of Activity Theory was used to form a design language that encompassed the aspects relevant to design and navigation. Based on the findings, a prototype of a automated steering system was built. We suggest that in design process, Activity Theory moves the focus from the technical qualities of artefacts towards how artefacts are used as tools to mediate activity.
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Øvergård, Kjell Ivar; Bjørkli, Cato Alexander & Hoff, Thomas
(2006).
Modelling the Human Controller: Control Strategies and Individual Variation in Dynamic Control Tasks.
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The control situation-framework is being elaborated with respect to the notion of control strategies. Control strategies are the contextually guided adaptation of control behaviours within the constraints set by current control possibilities and control demands. An experimental pursuit sine-wave tracking setup is currently being adapted to test how humans control and adapt to technical systems. This paper presents some of the interim analyses of a recent experiment. General findings are the presence of non-white ‘noise’ in operator behaviour remnant which may be explained by differences in the operators’ control styles. Comments on the modelling of operator control strategies are presented.
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Knappen Røed, Bjarte; Gould, Kristian S.; Bjørkli, Cato Alexander & Hoff, Thomas
(2005).
Aspects of the technical development on Norwegian military fast patrol boats.
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Hoff, Thomas; Øritsland, Trond Are & Bjørkli, Cato Alexander
(2002).
Interaksjonsdesign.
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CD ROM med 7 Powerpoint filer a´ ca 35 slides. Forelesningsmateriale til 3 dagers kurs i interaksjonsdesign for bedrifter.
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Hoff, Thomas; Øritsland, Trond Are & Bjørkli, Cato Alexander
(2002).
Ecological Interaction Properties.
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Hoff, Thomas & Bjørkli, Cato Alexander
(2002).
Effects of Tangible User Interfaces (TUI) in In-Vehicle Information Systems.
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Hoff, Thomas; Øritsland, Trond Are & Bjørkli, Cato Alexander
(2002).
Exploring the Embodied-Mind Approach to User Experience.
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Haupts, Tristan; Øvergård, Kjell Ivar & Bjørkli, Cato Alexander
(2015).
Implicit Leadership Theories: Do they differ for male and female leaders?
Investigating the effects of leader gender and work-context in the Culturally Endorsed Leadership Theory.
Universitetet i Oslo.
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Implicit leadership theories have been shown to be potent in the development of global leadership models that accommodate the challenges posed to leadership efforts in a globalized world. Furthermore, the rise of women to leadership positions warrants investigations of whether individuals hold differing implicit leadership theories for men and women. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether implicit leadership theories differ for male and female leaders, and whether the difference was greater in a neutral versus masculine work- context. The present research project utilized a short version of project GLOBE’s leadership questionnaire that was administered to 579 students (311 women and 268 men) at Norwegian universities and University colleges. Observations were analyzed with a GLM repeated measure model in SPSS 22. Results revealed no significant relationship between leaders’ gender and the rated importance of leadership attributes, contrary to the hypothesized expectations. Furthermore, a significant but very small interaction-effect (ηp2 = .015) between leader gender and work-context was found to affect ratings of leader attributes. Methodological limitations as well as theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed. The present project was initiated and carried out by two master students under supervision by Professor Kjell Ivar Øvergård at the University College of Buskerud and Vestfold (HBV) and Associate Professor Cato Alexander Bjørkli at the University of Oslo (UiO). The investigated data were collected by the students. Furthermore, the data were analyzed by the students with extensive assistance from Professor Øvergård. Separate theses were written since the students attend differing master courses.
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Andersen, Caroline Emilie; Drozd, Filip & Bjørkli, Cato Alexander
(2015).
A Web-based Intervention for Postpartum Depression: An Assessment of User Acceptability and Information System Evaluation.
Universitetet i Oslo.
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Treating and preventing postpartum depression is related to a number of attitudinal and practical barriers. Addressing these barriers are web-interventions using persuasive technology, aiming to identify women at risk, prevent development of depressive symptoms, and increase subjective well-being. The purpose of this study was to investigate persuasive features and acceptability among users of “Mamma Mia”; a web-intervention for perinatal depression. Based on mixed-model design, semi-structured interviews were conducted on ten perinatal well-educated, employed women with partners (age 28-41). The statements derived from the interviews were unitized and coded into two theoretical and methodological frameworks; SWOT and Persuasive Systems Design (PSD) Model. Results from content and thematic analyses show that the PSD-model and SWOT framework capture significant aspects and qualities of persuasive features in explaining information systems’ interaction with its users. Thematic analysis indicates that the “Mamma Mia” intervention is perceived as acceptable, and professional, which are qualities predicting adherence. The study contributes support for assessing persuasive features to develop successful persuasive systems, utilizing specific persuasive features that predict adherence, and qualities of features to enhance user satisfaction, and effectiveness of mental health interventions.
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Bergsund, Hans Bugge; Drozd, Filip & Bjørkli, Cato Alexander
(2015).
Implementation of Internet Interventions for Depression: A Scoping Review.
Universitetet i Oslo.
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Background: Evidence for the efficacy of web-based treatments for depression has increased substantially the last few years. However, many of these programs obtain poor effect sizes or fail to become a part of routine practice. Such issues could be due to a knowledge gap on how these interventions should be implemented. Objective: The primary aim of this study is to examine what is known from the existing literature about implementation of internet interventions for depression. Method: A systematic scoping review of English and Scandinavian-language articles was carried out on 12 databases. Additional papers were identified by contacting relevant societies, as well as hand-searching journals and reference lists. Only empirical studies on internet-based interventions for depression were included. Relevant articles were subjected to a directed content analysis, using May and Finch’s (2009) Normalization Process Theory (NPT) as a theoretical framework to identify implementation information. Results: 7 076 citations were identified and screened for relevance, resulting in 255 full-text articles on internet interventions for depression, of which 51 % were relevant to the implementation framework (N = 130). Content analysis revealed that there was a substantial lack of reporting on implementation. Furthermore, researchers tend to use a non-systematic approach when reporting on implementation and often fail to consider the different organizational levels involved in putting an intervention into practice. Conclusion: The review identified considerable knowledge gaps in the literature. These findings indicate that the field of internet interventions for depression require a great deal of research on implementation, especially in areas that relate to other levels than intervention users.
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Vaskinn, Linda; Drozd, Filip & Bjørkli, Cato Alexander
(2015).
Implementation of Internet Interventions for Depression: A Scoping Review - An investigation of the knowledge on implementation of internet interventions for depression in the existing literature.
Universitetet i Oslo.
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Depression is one of the most frequently diagnosed mental health disorders among adults, and appropriate treatment are not widely accessed. The Internet holds promise as a cost-effective and convenient delivery platform of interventions for depression. However, a common finding in health services is the failure to transfer interventions found effective in research, to routine settings. This finding has called for an emphasis of implementation among scholars. This scoping review aims to investigate the existing literature of implementation of internet interventions for depression, as coded onto the active implementation components. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were used to investigate the amount of knowledge of implementation in the field of internet interventions for depression, and what that knowledge entailed. The results suggested that there exists limited knowledge of implementation of internet interventions and that there is a tendency not to report on implementation-relevant factors in the literature of internet interventions. Overall, the competency drivers have received the most attention, while little to no attention have been placed on the organization and leadership drivers. Furthermore, the qualitative analysis revealed that staff selection was not concerned with the selection of practitioners, rather reflect reporting standards in empirical reports. The results of this scoping review provide implications for future efforts in the successful dissemination internet interventions for depression. Implications and recommendations for future research are discussed.
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Brennsund, Hilde & Bjørkli, Cato Alexander
(2013).
The work at an Emergency Call Centre: Comparison between the Operator Perspective and a Communication Model.
Universitetet i Oslo.
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The purpose of this study was to identify important aspects of the work at an emergency call centre during large-scale incidents, according to the operators who work there. As communication has been regarded as an important factor in complex situation, this study will also investigate to what extent the work at the call centre can be understood as communication. To determine this, semi-structured interviews have been conducted, asking 14 operators about their work at the emergency call centre. The recorded interviews were transcribed, unitized and coded on a content model and a tool for communication, ISBAR. The content model was developed on the basis of a bottom-up thematic analysis, and consists of 12 sub-themes arranged into six themes. The content model accounted for 93.6% of the total amount of statements, and the remaining 6.4% were irrelevant statements for the work at the call centre during large-scale incidents. Hence, this may imply that the content model still present all the important aspects of the work at the emergency call centre during large-scale incidents according to the operators who work there. ISBAR tool of communication account for 10% of the total amount of statements, which imply that the work at the emergency call centre is complex and consist of several factors in addition to communication. This implies that the work at the call centre during large-scale incidents is more complex than just dealing with communication. This study contributes to understand the work at emergency call centre during large-scale incidents, and elaborate the complexity of this work.
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Etholm, Karoline & Bjørkli, Cato Alexander
(2013).
Emergency call centers and large scale incidents: A comparison of the operators' perspective and a resilience model.
Universitetet i Oslo.
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A key feature of civil safety is the ability to respond to unwanted incidents. The first link in the response chain is usually the emergency call centers, and the purpose of this study was to investigate the work at an emergency call center in connection with large scale incidents. The delivery of the study is two-fold: firstly, a bottom-up analysis was performed in order to outline work at the emergency call center during large scale incidents. This approach resulted in a content model depicting the features of work during large scale incidents. Secondly, a theory driven top-down analysis was performed based on the same data in order to investigate whether a resilience perspective on safety is an appropriate framework for work at the emergency call center during large scale incidents. The data consisted of emergency call center operators’ reflections around their own work during large scale incidents, and was gathered through semi-structured interviews. Statistical comparisons between the resilience model and the content model revealed that the former was not able to account for all the statements captured in the content model, and hence it does not provide a complete framework for understanding work at the emergency call center during large scale incidents. This study provides insight to a field that has received little attention from previous research and contributes to a better understanding of the role emergency call centers play with regard to emergency management and hence to civil safety.
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Ranestad, Karen & Bjørkli, Cato Alexander
(2012).
Team Decision Making in the Emergency Units: Exploring the Relevance of Checklists and Expertise.
Universitetet i Oslo.
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Operational commanders have to collaborate across emergency units and make several time-critical decisions in order to quickly and effectively handle emergency incidents. The purpose of this study was to empirically test whether a domain-specific joint checklist and a theoretical team decision-making model were able to account for reflections shared by operational commanders regarding decision-making in Incident Command Post (ICP). Based on a mixed models design, semi-structured interviews were first conducted with 17 operational commanders from the three emergency units in Oslo and the surrounding districts in south-east Norway. The interviews were then unitized into 1626 statements and coded into categories in the FORSTÅTT checklist (Vigerust, Andersen & Vollebæk, 2009) and the Intuitive team Decision Making (ITD) model (Kline, 2005). The results indicate that neither of these two models could account completely for reflections shared by operational commanders on decision-making in ICP. The two models combined could account for 86.6% of all the statements. A thematic analysis of the statements not captured by either models uncovered six themes relevant to decision-making. An alternative model combining the two models and the residual themes was suggested. This study contributes to an increased understanding of which elements affect the decision-making process in ICP, and has both theoretical and practical implications.
Operational commanders have to collaborate across emergency units and make several time-critical decisions in order to quickly and effectively handle emergency incidents. The purpose of this study was to empirically test whether a domain-specific joint checklist and a theoretical team decision-making model were able to account for reflections shared by operational commanders regarding decision-making in Incident Command Post (ICP). Based on a mixed models design, semi-structured interviews were first conducted with 17 operational commanders from the three emergency units in Oslo and the surrounding districts in south-east Norway. The interviews were then unitized into 1626 statements and coded into categories in the FORSTÅTT checklist (Vigerust, Andersen & Vollebæk, 2009) and the Intuitive team Decision Making (ITD) model (Kline, 2005). The results indicate that neither of these two models could account completely for reflections shared by operational commanders on decision-making in ICP. The two models combined could account for 86.6% of all the statements. A thematic analysis of the statements not captured by either models uncovered six themes relevant to decision-making. An alternative model combining the two models and the residual themes was suggested. This study contributes to an increased understanding of which elements affect the decision-making process in ICP, and has both theoretical and practical implications.
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Boren, Maria & Bjørkli, Cato Alexander
(2012).
Intertwining paths towards a common goal: Three emergency units side by side.
Universitetet i Oslo.
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Emergency response efforts usually involve several teams from different agencies who are working to save lives or property. It is becoming more usual that the commander responsibilities are being performed in a context of multi-agency and multi-jurisdictional response. This paper explores the interdisciplinary collaboration between emergency response leaders. This is done through examining to which extent a practical check-list and a theoretical model of interdisciplinary collaboration were able to account for interview statements from operative leaders in the three emergency units in Norway regarding collaboration Semi-structured interviews were performed with 17 operational leaders with experience from working in Incident Command Post (ICP). Based on a mixed-model approach, the interviews were transformed into quantitative data and analyzed in SPSS. The results revealed that neither the practical frameworks nor the theoretical model were able to account for all the statement. When the two frameworks were combined they accounted for 1516 of the 1649 statements that were identified in this study. The 133 remaining statements were analyzed with the help of a content analysis, which identified 6 new categories. This implies that a framework for collaboration in the emergency response domain cannot be based entirely on the studied models.