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Bjørgo, Tore; Jupskås, Anders Ravik; Thomassen, Gunnar & Strype, Jon
(2022).
Threats and harassment against politicians in Norway.
Show summary
Anti-government extremism refers to groups and actors rejecting the legitimacy of state power, and sometimes threatening or using violence to make their case. Some of these movements are issue-driven (like opposition to pandemic restrictions) whereas others reject the legitimacy of state power as a matter of ideological principle.
These movements bring together participants from very diverse ideological camps: from the far right, libertarians, conspiracy theorists, anarchists, anti-vax… Most are peaceful but some are violent, some are well-known extremists, others have never before been politically engaged. However, the far right take advantage of these issues. They often take the lead, promoting narratives and conspiracy theories that bring new people into their fold, and try to escalate demonstrations into violence.
This panel will present four papers that address different aspects of anti-government extremism: the QAnon conspiracy theory and its impact on violence; the Reichsbürger movement in Germany; the impact of Anti-Measures and Anti-Vaxx movements on anti-state extremism in German-speaking countries; and Patterns and Consequences of Threats against Politicians in Norway.
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Bjørgo, Tore; Jupskås, Anders Ravik; Thomassen, Gunnar & Strype, Jon
(2022).
Patterns and Consequences of Threats towards Politicians.
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Jupskås, Anders Ravik
(2022).
Dekningen av 22. juli: hva kan vi lære om ekstremismen? .
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Jupskås, Anders Ravik
(2022).
Medienes dekning av ekstremisme og terrorisme.
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Jupskås, Anders Ravik; Solheim, Øyvind Bugge & Toso, Amadine
(2022).
Fear, anger and loathing in Scandinavia: How emotions mobilize the far-right online.
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Jupskås, Anders Ravik & Solheim, Øyvind Bugge
(2021).
Hvordan forstår nordmenn 22. juli-terroren i dag?
VG : Verdens gang.
ISSN 0805-5203.
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Jupskås, Anders Ravik
(2021).
Dette er det nye ytre høyre: Høyt utdannet, godt voksen og med god inntekt.
[Business/trade/industry journal].
Frifagbevegelse.
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Jupskås, Anders Ravik
(2021).
Norske narrativer om 22. juli – en kamp om rettferdighet?
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Tranøy, Hans Peter & Jupskås, Anders Ravik
(2020).
Hvem er medlemmene i Sian? Vi spurte dem.
Aftenposten (morgenutg. : trykt utg.).
ISSN 0804-3116.
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Jupskås, Anders Ravik
(2017).
Feilslått kritikk av populismebegrepet.
Nytt Norsk Tidsskrift.
ISSN 0800-336X.
34(4),
p. 402–418.
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Jupskås, Anders Ravik
(2016).
Populistiske partier i Vest-Europa.
In Malnes, Raino Sverre (Eds.),
Velkommen til statsvitenskap.
Gyldendal Akademisk.
ISSN 978-82-05-49471-8.
p. 187–203.
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Jupskås, Anders Ravik
(2013).
Book Review: ANDREA MAMMONE, EMMANUEL GODIN and BRIAN JENKINS (eds.), Mapping Extreme Right in Contemporary Europe: From Local to Transnational, London, Routledge, 2011, 344 pp.
Polis (Bologna).
ISSN 1120-9488.
p. 177–180.
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Jupskås, Anders Ravik
(2013).
Reaksjoner, bearbeidelse og forebygging: om veien videre etter 22.7.
In Jupskås, Anders Ravik & Jupskås, Anders Ravik (Ed.),
Akademiske perspektiver på 22. juli.
Akademisk Forlag.
ISSN 9788232101313.
p. 245–255.
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Jupskås, Anders Ravik
(2013).
Et forsøk på å begripe det ubegripelige: tolv perspektiver på 22.7.
In Jupskås, Anders Ravik & Jupskås, Anders Ravik (Ed.),
Akademiske perspektiver på 22. juli.
Akademisk Forlag.
ISSN 9788232101313.
p. 11–31.
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Jupskås, Anders Ravik
(2012).
Politiske partier,
Norwegian national integrity system - not quite perfect?.
Transparency International Norge.
ISSN 978-82-998222-5-1.
p. 217–238.
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Hagtvet, Bernt; Jupskås, Anders Ravik; Moer, Lasse & Boman, Arild
(2011).
Frokost med Bernt: Menneskeretter og kamp mot terrorisme. Fra seminarserie ved Institutt for statsvitenskap, Universitetet i Oslo. Seminarleder: Bernt Hagtvet, Assistent: Anders Ravik Jupskås. Produksjon: Lasse Moer. Koordinator Kunnskapskanalen: Arild Boman.
[TV].
Kunnskapskanalen via NRK2.
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Jupskås, Anders Ravik
(2010).
The Media and the Far Right in Western Europe. Playing the Nationalist Card.
Internasjonal Politikk.
ISSN 0020-577X.
68(4),
p. 651–654.
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Narud, Hanne Marthe & Jupskås, Anders Ravik
(2009).
”Forteller landsmøtene noe om partienes sjel?”.
In Helljesen, Geir (Eds.),
Geir Helljesens valgskole.
NRK Aktivum.
ISSN 9788281783317.
p. 55–75.
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Jupskås, Anders Ravik; Karl Kristian Rådahl, Kirchhoff & Snildal, Andreas
(2009).
Noen utfordringer for demokratiet – og om behovet for en inkluderende offentlig samtale.
In Snildal, Andreas; Jupskås, Anders Ravik & Karl Kristian Rådahl, Kirchhoff (Ed.),
Demokratiet før og nå. Essays fra Oslostudentenes demokratiuke.
Unipub forlag.
ISSN 978-82-7477-451-3.
p. 5–17.
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Ravndal, Jacob Aasland; Tandberg, Charlotte; Sessolo, Simone; Jupskås, Anders Ravik & Bjørgo, Tore
(2023).
RTV Trend Report 2023: Right-Wing Terrorism and Violence in Western Europe, 1990 - 2022.
Universitetet i Oslo.
Full text in Research Archive
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Karcher, Nicola Kristin; Kotonen, Tommi; Bundård Christensen, Claus; Silvennoinen, Oula; Lööw, Helene & Andersson Malmros, Robin
[Show all 13 contributors for this article]
(2023).
“WHEN NEO-NAZIS MARCH ON NORWEGIAN STREETS, YOU HEAR A LOT OF SWEDISH”: Pan-Nordic and transnational dimensions of right-wing extremism.
Nordic Council of Ministers.
Show summary
This report constitutes the first comprehensive review of right-wing extremism (RWE) in the Nordics (Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden). In it, a team of 13 leading researchers have compiled and reviewed books, dissertations, journal articles, reports, master theses and other forms of academic texts written about the topic. The result is a descriptive and analytical report of how the Nordic RWE milieu has developed from 1918 until today, with a specific focus on the pan-Nordic and transnational dimensions of the milieu. In the report, we also compile the practices used to prevent RWE in the Nordics and analyze how well they are situated to handle the threat RWE poses to society.
The report demonstrates how the transnational connections of the Nordic RWE groups have been a constant feature throughout history, both in ideas and practices. The ideas regarding pan-Nordic cooperation were put into practice in the 1930s. These connections became increasingly important during the Cold War period because internationalization provided an opening for domestically marginalized and stigmatized movements after the second World War. The Nordic Resistance Movement (NMR), the 21st century’s dominant neo-Nazi organization with a lot of cross-border activities, sets rather seamlessly into this historical continuum. History matters greatly for the contemporary RWE milieu as historical imagination is a key reference point, stirring memories from a period when the Nordic countries were not multicultural and radical nationalism was an accepted ideal.
The RWE milieu has been much affected by the digitalization of society, not least in terms of how it is organized. RWE groups and movements have traditionally followed the Führerprinzip and have been built upon an authoritarian top-down hierarchical model. Although some current groups, for example the NRM, are still organized hierarchically and managed top-down, the milieu has become more diverse. Today, we more often see loose networks and individual activists, occasionally with broad social media presence or franchise-type organizations like Soldiers of Odin. This is not to say that organizations do not matter anymore—they are still important in accumulating ideas and propagating them—but greater focus should be in the ideas they represent. It is the ideas, unlike the forms, that has travelled into the mainstream discourse.
In terms of prevention, we have identified many initiatives aiming at preventing extremism, but very few practices have a specific focus on RWE. Even though there is an obvious presence and aspirations among RWE movements to expand pan-Nordic cooperation, there are few practices focusing on preventing this tendency. In practices that are described as preventing different forms of extremism, examples, aims, and actions are predominantly focusing on militant Islamism. We have also noticed a lack of practices for preventing adults’ engagement in extremist activities, which is unfortunate since research indicate that most RWE activists are around their 30’s when entering the milieu. Prevention initiatives focusing on online extremism are under development in the Nordics. There are good reasons for the Nordic countries to cooperate on this matter, especially because online extremism communication and propaganda are not restricted by national borders and physical mobility.
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Bergmann, Werner; Døving, Cora Alexa; Haanshuus, Birgitte P.; Hellevik, Ottar; Jupskås, Anders Ravik & Lenz, Claudia
[Show all 9 contributors for this article]
(2022).
Holdninger til jøder og muslimer i Norge 2022.
Senter for studier av Holocaust og livssynsminoriteter.
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Jupskås, Anders Ravik
(2021).
Noen utviklingstrekk ved ytre høyre i Norge, 2000-2020.
C-REX, Senter for ekstremismeforskning.
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Ravndal, Jacob Aasland; Lygren, Sofia; Jupskås, Anders Ravik & Bjørgo, Tore
(2020).
RTV Trend Report 2020: Right-Wing Terrorism and Violence in Western Europe, 1990 - 2019.
Universitetet i Oslo.
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Jupskås, Anders Ravik & Leidig, Eviane
(2020).
Knowing what’s (far) right. A compendium.
7Letras.
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Jupskås, Anders Ravik
(2015).
Persistence of Populism. The Norwegian Progress Party, 1973-2009.
Universitetet i Oslo.
Show summary
One of the most successful right-wing populist parties in a post-industrial society, namely Fremskrittspartiet (FrP) in Norway, could be seen as a least likely case for electoral persistence: founded on the basis of a very narrow political platform; having blurry boundaries vis-à-vis illegitimate right-wing groups; and based upon charismatic leadership with no organizational basis. But the party has managed to persist. Why? How? Obviously, the answer is partly related to demand-side factors and partly related to political opportunity structures. Yet, one cannot explain the electoral persistence of the FrP without understanding how the party itself has changed. The demand-side and political opportunity structures are necessary but not sufficient explanations. Thus, a complete explanation must take into account the supply-side. Having this theoretical point of departure, this thesis argues that the FrP has been able to persist due to (1) the expansion of its programmatic appeal; (2) its ability to remain politically legitimate; (3) its efforts to build an authoritarian mass party structure; and (4) the selection of leader with mobilizing and, more importantly, organizational skills.
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Jupskås, Anders Ravik & Jungar, Ann-Cathrine
(2011).
Pohjolan populistinen puolueperhe.
Magma.